Earthquake rescue measures. Estimation of the Earthquake Earthquakes for General Signs

Earthquakes occur without warning and are among the most destructive natural disasters. Remember the phrase "lie down, hide, hold on" to experience the earthquake safely. Find a suitable place away from glasses, exterior walls and items that may fall. Go crawl and find the shelter that does not need to leave until the shocks are completed, and then eliminate the dangerous effects of the elements. The key to your salvation is due preparation, so collect an emergency set for the whole family, make a plan of action in emergency situations and regularly conduct exercises.

Steps

In room

Hide the glasses, large furniture and other dangers. In the first moments after the start of the jolts, try to quickly retire from items that may fall and hurt you. You need to fall on the floor and help from the sources of danger like windows, cabinets, televisions and shelves for books.

Run on all fours and hide under a strong table. Find a robust piece of furniture like a solid wood table that will protect you from falling objects. Run on all fours and hide under the table until the shoes are completed.

Protect your head and neck from falling debris. Try to find a pillow or another object to protect your face and head. If there is nothing suitable nearby, close your face, head and neck with your hands.

With a strong earthquake clouds of dangerous dust. In this case, it is also required to cover the nose and mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.

Stay in a safe place until the shoes are completed. Stay in place until after the jolts, at least 1-2 minutes. Be on guard, since at any time the jacket can repeat.
- In the event of an earthquake, you must meet with your family (or colleagues if you are at work) in an agreed safe place. Treat the action plan in advance and go to the selected meeting place immediately after the completion of the jolts.
- In the case of subsequent intelligence, you need to lie down again, hide and hold.
Be careful next to the wrecks when they leave the shelter. Remarkure broken glass or debris. If you are barefoot, then go cautiously and watch not going to hurt. In this case, you need to find shoes with a solid sole, as well as pants and a long sleeve shirt, if you are dressed in light things.

Inspect the possible damage and reserve first aid. Call the emergency service if you or nearby people have received injuries and need medical care. If you can provide first help or make artificial respiration, then perform the necessary actions.
Inspect the building for destruction and other dangers. It can be like cracks in the bearing walls of the building and fires, the smell of gas, damage to the wiring and electrical appliances. If any danger, you must immediately evacuate from the building. It is necessary to eliminate damage to communications, if there is no risk of collapse.
- If you feel the smell of gas or hear a hissing and whistling sound, then open the window and quickly leave the building. Discharge the main gas valve outside the building and call the Gaza Service. To eliminate the problem, the help of specialists will be required.
- Pay attention to electrical damage, including sparks, interrupted or loss wires and a grown smell. Try to turn off the electricity on the main shield. If the path to the shield lies through the wet areas, then do not come to it and call the electricals.
- Examine minor fire extinguisher fire. In the case of a large-scale fire, call the emergency service. In case of fire or smell, they immediately evacuate from the building.
- Do not drink water from the sink, bath and do not use the toilet until the local authorities report that it is safe. Close plum plugs to prevent the inverse wastewater flux.
In car
1. Stop out the open area without trees, buildings and other structures. Find out open plot and park the car at the roadside. Try to be as far as possible from pillars, large structures, bridges and other potential dangers.
  - Follow the movement of transport and stop under the safe conditions. It should not be dramatically slowing down so that the car is not crashed into you, which is moving from behind.
2. Turn on the parking brake and wait for the shocks. During the earthquake, the car can strongly swing, but you need to stay in place and keep calm. You will be more security inside the car, as it will protect you from debris and falling items.
  - Turn on the radio to stay up to date with news.
3. Watch for damage on the road, debris and other hazards when continue the movement. Listen to messages about the covered areas of roads or dangerous places on the radio. When the shakers stop, continue moving and pay attention to the damaged road fabric, soil failures, damaged bridges and other hazards.
  - If the power line fell on the car or there is no possibility to continue the movement for other reasons, then stay in place. Call the emergency service and wait for the rescuers.
On the street
1. Do not approach buildings, lanterns, power lines and bridges. With an earthquake, it is dangerous to be near buildings. After the start of the jokes, try to maximize the nearest facilities.
  - Source to the ground to save the balance until you make your way to a safe place, as well as follow the falling debris.
  - Do not try to hide under the bridge or overpass.
  - Also pay attention to the soil failures, cracks and pit in the ground.
2. Move to the open area and go down on all fours until the shoes are completed. When you remove from buildings, go down on all fours and cover your head. Use any suitable items like a trash can cover as a shield. In the extreme case, cover your head and neck with your hands.
  - Stay in this position until the shoes are completed.
3. Evaluate the surrounding environment and pay attention to dangers. After the earthquake, you should fear broken glass, cobblestones, fallen wires, trees and other dangerous items. Inspect the possible damage at home and others. If necessary, you need to provide first aid and call emergency services.
  - Do not approach damaged structures and buildings. After the earthquake, repeated shocks occur. In this case, damaged structures, windows and small architectural forms can fall to the ground.
4. Climb the elevation if you are on the shore or near the dam. If the shocks last more than 20 seconds, then you do not need to wait alert or warning. Climb the site at least 30 meters above sea level or 3 kilometers from the coast.
  - After earthquakes, tsunami happen, so you need to retire to the coast as much as possible.
  - Catastrophic destruction is unlikely, but the earthquake may cause flooding below the level of the dam. If you live in the flood zone, then climb on the hill. It is important to study the evacuation plans in advance if you live near the dam in seismically active terrain.
Preparation for earthquake
1. Fold the emergency set. All necessary things need to be stored in an affordable place like a garage or cabinet in the corridor. It is important that each family member knew the location of the kit. You will need the following things and money:
  - three-day reserve of bottled water and non-resistant products;
  - a first-aid kit with gauze, alcohol or hydrogen peroxide, tweezers, ipprofen or other painkillers, cotton chopsticks, antidiarene, hygienic napkins and eye approach;
  - prescription preparations that regularly accept members of your family;
  - flashlight and spare batteries;
  - tools, including a screwdriver and adjustable key;
  - whistle to give signals to rescuers if you find yourself in a trap;
  - clothes and blankets;
  - food and medicines for your pets.
2. Develop a salvation plan for your family. You and members of your family should have a rescue plan for emergency situations. Tell all your loved ones that you need to lie down, hide, stay and then move to the previously agreed meeting place when the jolts stop.
  - As a meeting place, select an outdoor area near the house, school, local center or refuge.
  - Pre-make a collection plan, because after the earthquake, the phones may not work.
  - Conduct practical exercises every 6 months so that each family member is not confused with real danger.

Residents of cities and other settlements located in seismic zones should be trained with the basics of training behavior and actions before, during and after an earthquake. Today, only so, real, you can save the lives of many people with earthquakes.

It is for this purpose that a real memo, based on extensive analysis and generalization of foreign and Soviet experience, accumulated during catastrophic earthquakes and in the elimination of their consequences.

What to do to earthquake

For those who live in seismic districts, it is necessary to prepare in a certain way to prepare for the possibility of an earthquake.

First of all, at home it is necessary to have a permanent minimum reserve of canned, crackers and drinking water (in winter 3-4, and in summer 5-6 liters of water per person per day) to hold out for several days.

It is necessary to have one or two pocket lanterns with fresh spare batteries.

It is necessary to determine in advance in the apartment (house) the most stable places where it is possible to hide from falling stones and beams, be sure to inform them of all family members. These places are primarily the openings of the inner doors, the angles of the rooms and, in no case, are not opening of external windows, balconies or areas near the external walls of the house.

It is necessary to have a radio receiver in the apartment that operates on the batteries to obtain accurate information on the radio on the actions of the authorities, services and scales of the catastrophe.

It is necessary to have hoses in length at least 5 meters for connecting to water cranes in case of fire.

It is necessary to know exactly where and how to turn off in the house, electricity and water.

The house must contain a first-aid kit with the necessary drugs, cotton, bandage and other medicines.

It is necessary next to the phone to have telephone numbers of the district and central ambulance, fire service, police, emergency services.

All furniture and other accessories in the apartment must be in a steady state. It is impossible in order to be heavy or unstable heavy objects and furniture over the beds, children's carriages and seats and furniture, they must be additionally fixed to the wall and the floor.

Various chemicals, explosive and easily frozen substances need to be stored in reliable closed and sustainable places.

Doors, passages, corridors should be free from bulky items and furniture so that you can easily move around the apartment and get out of it in the case of a catastrophe.

In the event of an unplanned internal partition in your apartment, it is necessary that they are firmly sealed with walls, floors and ceiling.

Do not leave in your absence included electrical appliances and household apparatus included in the network, since it may cause fires and explosions during an earthquake.

It is necessary that all family members know what to do before, during and after an earthquake.

What to do during earthquake

The sooner you feel the initial moment of the earthquake, the more chances of saving the life of your and the nearest environment. The initial moment of the earthquake can be felt differently. Sometimes the earthquake appears over the elevation, there may be violations of radio, television, electronic devices, spontaneous luminescent lamps. Sometimes, a few seconds before the earthquake underground, a strong increasing buzz occurs, after which the first push occurs. In other cases, over a few seconds before the impetus, weaker oscillations may occur, under which the dishes begin to rattling, suspended objects are swinging. Then the first push occurs, which can continue from a few seconds to 1-1.5 minutes.

It is necessary to be psychologically ready for the fact that at this time they can burst and fly out window glass, the objects are falling from the shelves, the furniture begins to move, the noise becomes deafening, cracks may appear on the walls and ceiling.

The most important thing is when you realized that an earthquake began, not to panic, but follow the following advice:

If there are children in the house, it is necessary to immediately place them in a safe place that can be open-door openings or internal corners of the rooms. We must move away from the windows and external walls, cumbersome and high furniture. You can hide under a woven or writing desk, workbench and other solid furniture. The greatest danger is the objects, stones, beams, etc. falling from above.

Remember that it is impossible to run out of the building during an earthquake, since falling debris and the collapsing walls become the main cause of many victims. More chances to save life if you look for salvation where you are. It is necessary to wait for the end of the earthquake, after which you can leave the building. In no case, do not try to get out of the building with the help of an elevator that can be stuck or fall into the mine.

If the building in which you are, low and nonsense, for example, a brick house is the opportunity to leave it immediately, then in this case it is necessary to carefully and quickly leave the building, run away from it to a safe distance.

If at the time of the earthquake you are near a high building, then quickly stand in the doorway to protect yourself from falling debris.

If at the time of the earthquake you are on a sufficiently open space, then go away from the power lines and buildings.

If the earthquake found you in the car, it is necessary to stop as far as possible from the high buildings and other structures and not start moving to the cessation of the earthquake.
If you are in a boat with an earthquake, and close to the shore there are high-rise buildings and other structures, then try to sail from the shore to protect yourself from falling debris. If there are no buildings and structures on the shore, then it is necessary to get to the shore to the shore and move away from the water, since the earthquake may cause or strong excitement.

It must be remembered that after the first push, some calm may occur, interrupted by subsequent, more or less strong jokes. Therefore, the actions after the first push should be careful and deliberate.

What to do after earthquake

The most important thing after the end of the earthquake to maintain composure. It is necessary to save the people who remained under the wreckage and prevent even greater victims in the event of fires and explosions.

After the earthquake, try to follow the following advice:

If the earthquake occurred at night and you are in complete darkness, do not hurry to burn matches or lighters. If there is a battery flashlight, then use it better. If there are no other light sources, then before spinning matches or lighter, make sure that there is no smell of gas, gasoline and other frozen and explosive substances. Otherwise, an explosion may occur, rugging and other secondary consequences that will cause new victims.

At the first moment it is necessary to check whether there is no gas leakage. Try, if possible, overlap gas, water and turn off the electricity. If there are minor foci of fire, try to exacerbate them on their own. If you put out the fire yourself it is impossible to exist, try first to bring out the remaining children, as well as other wounded people from the fire zone in a safe place.

It is impossible to touch the bare wires and in contact with them metal and wet objects.

If there are intact phones nearby, try to contact the ambulance, fire and other rescue services.

If rescue work is already being conducted and there is no need for your help, do not fuss trying to help - it will only complicate the actions of the rescuers.

Do not enter without the need to the zone of destruction and do not go among the ruins and dilapidated houses, as you can cause the collapse of the collapse and the victim of disrupting debris.

If you know that people remained under the wreckage and ripples, do not hurry to disassemble the ruins on their own. Try to call people. Try to figure out the location of the wreckage and beams. Remember that any of your careless and incorrect movement can cause further destruction, breakdowns of debris and stones and cause people left under the rubble.

If there is such an opportunity, then put on durable shoes and clothing from coarse tissue, so as not to be covered with sharp corners of fragments and glass.

If you have discovered waking and spilled explosive, ignited and poisonous substances, urgently warn about them around them.

If there is a radio or repeater available nearby, be sure to enable them to hear information about the scouts of the disaster required to eliminate its consequences.

You also need to prepare for independent life support for one to several days. Therefore, try to select and folded in a dry and reliable location, preserved products, canned food, crumbs, cookies, dried products, etc.

If the furnaces and chimneys are damaged, in no case are the fire in them, so as not to cause a fire.

If there are children nearby, help them calm down and place them in a safe place.

If the earthquake found you at work, try, first to help colleagues and others before hurrying home.

Earthquakes in the past, present and future

Many geological processes occurring on our planet in the past and present occur with a certain cyclicity, the study of which allows you to predict these phenomena and for the future.

At the same time, in nature there are cycles in hundreds of millions of years, which are subject to global geological phenomena, for example, the movements of the mainland and change, as well as rapid processes with frequency in thousands of seconds of seconds occurring at the microparticles level.

In the practical sense of the word, we are primarily interested in the study of cyclicity of catastrophic natural phenomena, which can lead to large victims and destruction. Among such phenomena, one of the principal places occupy a catastrophic earthquake.

Studies conducted by the International Scientific Technical Complex "Interrego-Tetis" showed that strong earthquakes occur on Earth with a certain cyclicity, which is planetary. Careful study of this cyclicity made it possible to establish the nature of the distribution of the number of catastrophic earthquakes in the past and present and give their forecast for the future until 2050 (according to E. N. Khalilova)

The earthquake is the oscillations of the earth's crust caused by tectonic processes, less often - human intervention (nuclear explosions, development of rocks and their subsequent displacement, etc.) How to survive the destructive element with the least negative consequences for yourself and your loved ones should know every person .

Brief information about earthquakes

On Earth, there are about a million underground jokes of different intensity during the year, their epicenters are more often located at the bottom of the oceans. Powerful earthquakes can cause severe destruction, lead to the formation of tsunami.

In order to classify an earthquake for power, a magnitude scale was introduced. The most famous is the Richter scale. It contains conventional units from 1 to 9.5, which are calculated by the strength and frequency of oscillations and are recorded by the seismograph.

Waiting for earthquake

If you and your family live in a seismically dangerous area, you need to prepare for a possible earthquake in advance. It is worth the "alarming suitcase", which will be all the most necessary for an emergency: aid kit, drinking water, flashlight, clothing, part of money, documents, dry soldering. Periodically, the contents of the bag must be updated (drugs, products, water).

Select a safe place in advance in which you can hide in the earthquake. Lighten the rules for the provision of first aid. Record on a sheet of phone numbers of all emergency services of the city. All heavy and cumbersome in the apartment located in the seismically dangerous area, as low as possible, as low as possible.

During the earthquake

With the beginning of the jokes quickly, without panic, start acting in advance of the planned plan. If you are in an apartment building on the first or second floors, take the "alarming suitcase" and leave the building. On the street Try to stay away from buildings, trees, LEP. Remember that you do not have time for meditation, the intervals between underground jokes usually make up 15-20 seconds.

If the earthquake found you on the upper floors, try to take the safest place in the apartment. In no case do not use the elevator, its mine can be broken, and you will find yourself blocked. It is impossible to break the balconies, loggias and erkers.

It is possible to lie in the bath - with the collapse of the overlaps, the chances of survival increase significantly. If the apartment has a table, a bed that can withstand the fall of a heavy item, you can hide under them. It is desirable that they are in the inner bearing wall. In a panel high-rise building, you can hide in the toilet, as in such a housing its design, as a rule, is a monolithic box. If there is no time to hide, get the door in the doorway.

If you are in the car

If you are driving in the car and the earthquake begins, stop immediately. Road canvas can be suddenly damaged. Tunnels, bridges, overpass, high-altitude power transmission, driving part in close proximity to high-rise buildings - all this is a threat to you. Therefore, in such places you must quickly leave the car and run off to the open space.

After earthquake

If the earthquake occurred at night and you are in your apartment, do not rush to use open fire, do not turn on the light. Gas leaks are possible, its ignition.

Do not touch the wires and no metallic and wet, there is a risk of getting a blow. Do not fuss, the collapse of the structural elements are possible. If there were victims of the earthquake near you, we will have the first urgent help and call the MES rescuers.

If you are on the street, do not rush to return back to the room, since repeated shocks are possible. Buildings can be emergency and dangerous for staying in them.

According to the materials of the site "How easy"

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A powerful destructive natural disaster whose action comes suddenly and occurs instantly, the earthquake is.

The earthquake is an underground shock and fluctuations in the surface of the Earth, resulting from sudden displacements and breaks in the earth's crust or in the upper part of the mantle and transmitted over long distances in the form of elastic oscillations.

During earthquakes, people die, destroy home, roads, bridges, canals, dams and other engineering facilities, water pipelines, pipelines, sewage, power lines, Panic masters people. With underwater and coastal earthquakes as a result of seabed shifts, sea gravitational waves arise - tsunami, which produce devastating destruction on land.

In order to increase your chances to stay alive, protect yourself from injuries during an earthquake, every person in the building, construction must define in advance for itself a relatively safe place where you can wait for the shocks, and at their end it is quick to leave the room.

Practice is proved that relatively safe place - These are the openings of capital inland walls, the corners formed by the internal capital walls, the place in the domestic capital walls, at the columns and under the beams of the frame, the opening of the entrance doors, durable tables, workbenches, etc.

During the Spitak earthquake, which occurred on December 7, 1988, six people who were in the bathrooms remained alive.

The most dangerous places The buildings during the earthquake are large glazed openings of exterior and interior walls, angular rooms, especially the latest floors, elevators, staircases and marches, balconies.

Try to think about how you need to act during an earthquake in various conditions: at home, at work, on the street and elsewhere. Especially detailed should be a plan of action at home and at work.

First of all, it is necessary to proceed from the degree of seismic resistance of buildings in which you live or work.

Taking into account the strength of your building, a place where you are within the building, and the reserve of time is only 15-20 seconds, you can choose a reasonable way of behavior during a strong earthquake in advance: either try to quickly leave the building, or take inside it relative safe place.

Thoughtful planned plan will help you act more quickly and intelligently. But be prepared to also change it depending on the circumstances.

After the jokes and strong rocking of the building, within which you are in, destruction can begin, there will be a drop in separate slabs of overlapping or blocks of capital walls. In this case, an attempt to leave this building during an earthquake may be less risky than staying inside the building. Please note that neither the destruction of partitions (non-vacant walls) nor the fall of mounted wall panels of frame buildings does not indicate that the building should inevitably collapse.

How to prepare for earthquake

The one who lives in the seismic area should bother with the idea that a strong earthquake may occur at any time. The consciousness of this should not interfere with us, distract from our daily activities at work, at school, at home and other places. (I am bid with risk when moving along the highway highways and streets!). However, we can significantly reduce this risk if you prepare for earthquakes, studying in advance what needs to be done in the event of its occurrence.

What to do before earthquake?

Make up family action plan With an earthquake in which you must reflect:

information on phones and addresses of urgent medical care, fire and emergency services, cooperative owners of apartments (KSK), civil protection;
general information about family and loved ones;
medical information about family and loved ones;
surnames, addresses, phones of the nearest friends, relatives, contact persons who can help both inside the disaster zone and abroad;
plan of coordination and interaction in the family and with neighbors, incl. Every family member (especially children) should know where he should go if he can't return home;
who, where and how should turn off electricity, water, gas;
how will you do without engineering to your home - without water, light, gas, sewage, not less than 2-3 weeks;
if your family has kids, old men, incapable or seriously ill, especially consider their livelihood;
if you have pets, do not forget about food and water for them.

Coordinate the family plan with the collection plan and evacuation of your children in kindergarten and school, as well as with the action plans of other family members at work in an emergency. In addition, you must know exactly: how long will your children protect your children before the arrival of parents, where to pick up their children if the school is damaged, where children will be if the parents cannot come.

Do not forget to give a copy of the most important settlement of the family plan to the school teacher of your children or the educator of a kindergarten; Write a blood group and a rhesus factor in a passport or other document; Record chronic diseases of family members and health violations, as well as appropriate prohibition, restrictions, necessary medicines, especially those without which you cannot live.

Firmly attach cabinets, shelves, racks, shelves to the walls, floor. Do not place the beds at the windows. Do not arrange the shelves over beds, doors, plates. Furniture Place so that it can not block outputs from the rooms, overcoat the doors.

Do not clutter the corridors, passages, staircases, doorways furniture and property.

Learn to turn off the electricity, gas and water supply in the apartment, the entrance of the house.

Have a home stock of canned food and water, sand bucket, portable electric lamp, fire extinguisher (automobile), first aid kit first aid. Examine receptions for first aid.

Hazardous substances (Yadochymikats, flammable liquids) keep in a safe place, where they will not be able to crash or crumble.

Keep the documents in a specific place. Backpack with spare clothes, shoes (seasonal), lantern, hatcher, first-aid kit, candles, personal hygiene objects, transistor radio, spoons, knives, matches, store food at the exit of the apartment.

To protect your home, in case of damage, have several sheets of plywood and durable plastic ready to close the knocked windows and other holes.

Agree with neighbors about mutual assistance and joint actions in case of emergency situations.

Know the place of collection and order of evacuation.

The garage can be used as a temporary shelter in the first days after a strong earthquake. Keep there food supply and spare things.

In the family periodically spend conversations and training in the event of an earthquake.

In the threat of an earthquake

In the event of an earthquake threat, electrosaires, production beeps and other means of alerts will be included, which means a warning signal "Attention to everyone!". According to this signal, the radio, television receivers, carefully listen to an emergency message and clearly indicate local authorities, emergency management authorities.

If you are at home:

Check the fire extinguisher, type water in the bath and buckets;

Repeat into clothing and shoes capable of protecting you;

Disconnect gas, water and electricity in the apartment, swell the furnace;

Take a pre-prepared bag, a backpack with things, documents, notify your neighbors, help lonely, sick people, leave the building, follow the installed place of collection, wait for further instructions;

Return to the normal life mode should be indicated by local authorities or emergency management authorities.

If you are in the mass visiting locations:

Come calmly, do not create panic, do not strive for the exit and do not create traffic jams on the way of movement of people, help sick and disabled;

Follow the instructions of the administration.

During the earthquake:

With the first push, residents of the 1st floor need quickly, but without panic to leave the building, and living above - to take relatively safe places, covering his head with his hands.

As soon as the jackets appear, immediately leave the building on the stairs, pressing his back to the wall. Try to turn off gas, water, electricity, capture documents, money, backpack with things, a first-aid kit, close the door to the key.

If children and elderly people remained in neighboring apartments, help them get out to the street, there will be the first medical care for victims.

Being driving, stop at an open place, do not leave the car before stopping the jigsaw. In public transport, stay in our places, asking the driver to open the doors, after the jolts calmly, without a crush, leave the salon.

After a strong earthquake:

Replace first medical care in need.

Frequently falling into the easy-to-wear ruins.

Take care of the safety of children, patients, old people, calm them.

Before entering the building, make sure whether it does not threaten the collapse of stairs, walls and overlaps, do not approach explicitly damaged buildings. Do not use open fire.

Returning to the apartment, do not turn on the electricity, gas and water supply, while their serviceability does not check the utility and technical service.

Do not take the phone without extreme need.

Assist in disassembling the dawns and conduct rescue work in damaged buildings.

It must be followed by the following rules:

Any search closed in the ruins of people start listening. Why create mode is possible more complete silence. Dispersed in ruins. Listen, notice the places where some suspicious sound is heard from.

If a narrow gap leads to a diluted person, try first to push some hollow tube or a tight hose to his face so that when wearing a break, accidentally falling asleep it with shallow crushed stone and dust, not to deprive him of air and, it means life.

The collapsing of the ivals should be produced very carefully, while removing the top layer of fragments at the beginning, then below, then the next one. It is extremely dangerous to try to pull the beams, large pieces of building structures from under a pile of wreckage, etc. A bunch can simply settle down, buried under him at the bottom of the people. It is necessary first to free the beam all the whole and only then raise it.

When grazed by stones, the beams of the limbs of victims are mandatory, it is necessary to pre-above the squeezing site to impose harness. Otherwise, the victim, who is many hours under the fold of the wreckage, will die.

It is extremely dangerous when parsing the grooves to pull the fragments, resting in one end into the swollen, shaky, but still standing walls of the destroyed building. This can cause another, depriving the victims of the chance to salvation, collapse.

If you still poured wreckage of walls or land:

Try not to fall the Spirit, breathe deeply and smoothly, get ready to endure hunger and thirst. Attract the attention of people with voice and knocking, move to the left-right any metal object (ring, keys, etc.) to facilitate the detection of you;

If the space is about you relatively freely, do not burn matches, candles, take care of oxygen. Move carefully, trying not to cause a new collapse, focus on the movement of air entering the outside. Tearing into a narrow LAZ, relax the muscles, press the elbows to the sides, pushing out the floor from the floor. If you have the opportunity, with the help of healthy items (boards, bricks, etc.), strengthen the ceiling of collapse and wait for help;

If the earth pressed you, try to roll over on the stomach to weaken the pressure on the chest and abdominal cavity. Putted hands and feet are more likely to rub, restoring blood circulation. With a strong thirst, put a small smooth pebble chuck in your mouth and suck it, breathe a nose;

If you are in the dawn, try to carefully free your arms and legs. At the same time, in no case, do not attempt to knock out, rock or undermine the stones, bricks, woods and other items. It may be so that it is they who hold the rank in equilibrium. Remove the similar "garbage" - and hundreds of kilograms will fall down. Hands and legs should be pumped below. Freeding, it is necessary to lie on the side, bent, having tightening the legs to the chest, laying a hand. Such a pose provides the smallest contact with the cold soil. You can also lie greatly bent, face down, rearming on your knees and elbows;

If you hear that rescue work is underway at the top, try to disassemble the challenge on your own. It's difficult and dangerous.

The main thing in such extreme situations is not to lose composure. The term of human survival in a decisive extent depends on its moral state, willpower, self-esteem confidence. The man who fell into despair is doomed! A man who continues the struggle for life in the most difficult conditions, retains a chance to salvation!

This instruction has developed specialists of the RGCP "Republican advanced training courses of the management team in the field of emergency situations and civil defense."

Any natural disasters cause panic from the population. In order to avoid incorrect actions, each person should know exactly how to behave during such situations. One of the frequent is an earthquake. It is unrealistic to prevent, but you can save your life. The main thing is not to succumb to public panic and keep a sober mind. But in order to understand what to do with an earthquake, you need to know what is this cataclysm.

Classification of earthquakes depending on points

There is a specialized scale of earthquakes, which measures the magnitude and intensity. The latter is calculated by points, which are established from the deformation of the earth's crust and the degree of destruction of surface buildings and structures. Consider a more detailed twelve film of Merkali:

1 - such shocks are completely not coming by people, only high-precision devices react to minor oscillations in the earth's crust.
2 - oscillations are felt by the inhabitants of the height. The rest will not pay attention to a similar phenomenon.
3 - a noticeable vibration occurs on the last floors of the high-rise building. Chandeliers can swing, trembling water in a glass. The car standing in the parking lot, due to noticeable oscillations, will turn on the alarm.
4 - It is possible to characterize as an earthquake of moderate power. Everyone who is located in the room will definitely protect the movement of earth plates. Doors and windows begin to break out, and the glasses make a characteristic rattle. This is especially noticeable in the middle of the night, many wake up.
5 - such an earthquake does not remain unnoticed, everyone feels the oscillations of the earth's surface. In many apartments, cracks appear on the windows, it falls from the shelves.
6 - oscillations cause public panic. Everyone begins to run into the streets, and furniture items on their own in the apartment. Heavy items fall from the shelves. Even the trees make the characteristic rustle of the leaves, the cracks of the trunks are heard.
7 is a sufficiently strong earthquake that knocks down from human feet. Many buildings are covered by cracks, unstable soil collapses. Water in lakes and rivers sharply mutters from the bottom raised from the bottom. Furniture breaks, dishes beats.
8 - earthquake that destroys buildings. Branches on the trees break, the earth cracks under the legs.

9 - a catastrophic situation, during which buildings are destroyed and a lot of people die. Dams are destroyed, water pipes are bursting under pressure.
10 - Earth does not just hesitate, it moves, and the whole cities are crumbling. As a rule, a couple of hours before the catastrophe, animals begin to panic, which will foresee the ambulance. In the soil, huge cracks are formed, water splashes from rivers and lakes. Rails are deformed.
11 - Almost all buildings are destroyed, only a single buildings manage to resist. Railway tracks are deformed by kilometers.
12 - a real catastrophe that destroys all living things. Even the river beds are changing, and in the even place from under the ground they begin to beat the fountains. A completely new lakes are formed, the landscape is transformed beyond recognition.

The higher the earthquake scale, the harder it is to correct the consequences. During big catastrophes, whole cities are dying, people remain homeless. Their houses turn into ruins, and from under the grooves, rescuers take a long time for the dead.

How the magnitude is determined

Earthquake magnitude is established on the basis of the data obtained on the exact measuring instrument - seismograph. Its more common name is the Richter scale. It was developed back in 1935, and since then is widely used by experts around the world. It is the magnitude of the energy that stands out for a catastrophe is taken into account in this scale.

Below are the main figures for which the magnitude of any earthquake is installed:

2.0 - very weak shoes that are capable of noting all residents;
4.5 - moderate oscillations of land, causing the movement of objects and minor destruction;
6.0 - the shocks of such force that buildings are destroyed (during them people are hard to resist their feet);
8.5 - catastrophic consequences (whole cities turn literally into the pile of garbage).

Scientists believe that on the planet there may not occur cataclysms with a higher magnitude than 9.0.

Better prevent than fix then

Competent protection of the population from earthquakes significantly reduces the total percentage of victims. If a possible focus of a future catastrophe is installed, the evacuation of people is required. But in any case, everyone should take care of their safety on their own. You need to be all the time ready for such an incident and know exactly what to do with an earthquake.

To begin with, take preparatory measures that will help cope with panic and an unforeseen natural cataclysm. If you live in the seismically dangerous zone, at home must be a standard set of items that are designed to survive in a dangerous situation. Be sure to collect all the documents and keep them in a prominent place.

The most important rules

Consider the basic measures of preparation for the catastrophe, and what to do with the earthquake:

In your home should always be a first-aid kit with all the necessary medicines. Be sure to place a lighter and radio operating from batteries.
Purchase a small fire extinguisher, check its serviceability.
Situations may be different, so it is better to know the elementary rules for the provision of first aid. In an emergency, you should be able to independently help others and yourself, take the necessary medicines and impose tires to the fractures.
With the slightest shocks, immediately overlap the taps delivering gas, water and electricity to your home.
Heavy furniture is better to securely attach to the floor so as not to be crushed by the favorite Chiffonier.
Always keep the action plan of action and evacuation, consider where it is better to hide with all family members.
Do not hold heavy and fighting items on the shelves.
Have a stock of water (at least a small flask with you).

Actions and safety rules for earthquake

Each person first of all independently provides its own safety in the earthquake. If you feel pushes, you should not try to move in panic. If you are indoors, it is better to immediately select a safe corner and lie on the floor. Do not forget to protect your head with your hands from possible fragments and incident items. Do not get up until you make sure that the shocks completely stopped.

According to statistics, many people die from the blows of falling objects. These are cabinets, televisions, heavy statuettes, etc. From the destroyed building you can escape, the main thing is to choose the right tactics. In any case, keep calm and do not run down the street or indoors.

Observe all the rules for earthquakes that are developed by rescuers, and then you will save your own life. Be sure to lie on the floor and move only Clear. Standing on the legs, you will probably get much more serious damage.

If you live in a dilapidated brick building, then with the slightest jolts, grab the documents and run into the street. Try not to stand near height and trees, find the open secure area.

Non-standard situations and how to survive

Observe all safety measures during the earthquake. If you are in crowded public transport, it is better to leave it and take a horizontal position.

Even finding the elevator suggests that a person will fall on the floor. Thus, you can protect yourself. As soon as everything stops, go out on the first floor and run to the street. If the doors are blocked, and you feel that the building has undergone significant destruction, wait for the help of rescuers.

While staying at the stadium or in the theater, stay in place and close your head with your hands. In such a situation, the risk of perishing the crusher is high, so do not give in panic and try to calm others.

If you are driving, drove the car in a safe place. Nearby should not be buildings, and bridges. After that, do not go out into the street, stay in the car. It will be best to include radio and listen to the recommendations of the authorities about further actions.

Each city and should know the rules for safety during the earthquake. If your home is located near the dam, take a distance safe from it. When in the mountainous location, take care of being as far as possible from the elevation.

The person who moves in a wheelchair should block the wheel strollers, otherwise they will begin to spin independently, and such an uncontrollable situation will lead to unpleasant consequences.

Compliance with the above rules will ensure maximum safety during earthquakes.

What is under the ban?

Most people die due to improper actions. They at ignorance expose their lives of great danger. Remember that you can not do with an earthquake:

do not move along the building and do not try to run into the street, if you live on the top floor;
in no case will not stand in the doorways;
do not panic and act without fuss.

These actions will definitely provoke adverse situations that will threaten your life. Now you know what to do with an earthquake and how best to behave.

Basic actions after earthquake

The protection of the population from earthquakes is not always successful, often the consequences of the catastrophe are scary and require round-the-clock work of rescuers. Experts get people from under the collaps and provide emergency medical care. If you are not far from yourself, you hear the conversations of people, but you can not move, then definitely give a sign, shout your best.

Divues are cleared after the rescue of the population. Changes with the help of which the fragments of destroyed structures are exported.

If the catastrophe still happened, what to do? Rescuers advise behave as follows:

Try to get on your feet and inspect all parts of the body, perhaps you have
Drain around, find out if there are people near you who cannot climb on their own. Help them get out of the rules.
Calm children and keep them in sight, explain that parents will soon find out. It is necessary to do kids until children's psychologists and other specialized help arrive.
Check if the gas leakage did not occur, and with the slightest smell, leave the room (an explosion may occur).
Do not panic and be prepared for repeated push.

Only confident actions will save you life. You should always clearly know what to do with an earthquake. If possible, turn on the radio. Listen carefully what to do during the earthquake. Government rescue services at the slightest danger overlook the population. Only so you can prevent large-scale human losses.

The main thing is to behave correctly and be able to calm others. Panic exacerbates the situation. Only competently thoughtful actions save people's lives.

The most devastating earthquakes in history

1139 - a catastrophe in Ganja. There was a force of jolts in 11 points. More than 200 thousand people died.
1202 - Natural catastrophe in Syria and Egypt. About 1 million people died. The earthquake was included in the Guinness Book of Records as the most destructive in history.
1556 - about 850 thousand people became victims.
1737 - As a result of the strongest jesters in India, about 300 thousand people died.
1883 - the eruption of Volcanana Krakatau led one of the largest earthquakes in history. More than 40 thousand people of Java and Sumatra are died.
1950 - Earthquake in India was such a force that seismic devices were shrouded and could not install oscillations magnet. After five days of continuous jolts, the eastern part of India turned into ruins. 6 thousand people died, since it was shaking not in a densely populated area.
1995 - shocks in 10 points took the lives of many thousands of Sakhalin residents. The city of Neftegorsk disappeared from the face of the earth.
2010 - shook at Haiti. 150 thousand people died.
2011 - a terrible earthquake in Japan was the cause of tsunami, a significant leakage of radiation and the death of about 30 thousand people.

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