Syn .: chrysanthemum small-flowered, dendrantema Indian, dendrantema small-flowered, gold-flowered Indian,
Indian chrysanthemum is a perennial ornamental, flowering herb 0.5-1 m high, dying off for the winter. Widely used in folk medicine countries of the East. In decorative floriculture, the Indian chrysanthemum laid the foundation for a large variety of varieties of small-flowered hybrid chrysanthemums.
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Flower formula
Chrysanthemum Indian flower formula: * Ch5 or 0L5T5P1.
In medicine
Chrysanthemum indian is not a pharmacopoeial plant and is not used in official medicine but is widely used in traditional medicine eastern countries as an anti-inflammatory, mild sedative, antispasmodic agent.
Contraindications and side effects
The main contraindication to the use of Indian chrysanthemum is individual intolerance. The flowers of the plant have a rather pronounced aroma, which can cause allergic reactions. Therefore, use the plant in medicinal purposes during pregnancy, lactation or childhood is undesirable.
In cooking
In Japan, a very healthy and tasty drink is made from a mixture of leaves and flowers of two types of chrysanthemums: Indian and Chinese. Also, wine is infused on the petals of the plant - this gives the drink an additional floral aroma. Japanese restaurants use delicate chrysanthemum petals to prepare delicious multi-colored dishes.
In China, chrysanthemum flowers are prepared delicious dessert resembling a tender cake. The flowers are breaded in a mixture of beaten eggs and flour, then briefly dipped in boiling oil. After the excess oil has drained off, the flowers are sprinkled with sugar and served.
Chrysanthemum flower tea is a very famous drink. It has a rather pleasant taste, the drink improves liver function, removes toxins and has a positive effect on vision. Also, this tea contains practically no calories, so it is good to use it in diet food.
In cosmetology
Chrysanthemum possesses unique property skin rejuvenation. The plant has a delicate aroma, tones and nourishes the skin, retains moisture in the cells of the epidermis, smoothes fine wrinkles, helps to smooth the skin, relieves light swelling and irritation, and has a soothing effect on the skin. Chrysanthemum infusion is very useful for rinsing hair for shine. For production cosmetics the most commonly used extract and essential oil obtained from chrysanthemum flowers.
In gardening
The best place for planting Indian chrysanthemums - a sunny hill with loose, moisture-permeable soil, rich in nutrients.
Indian chrysanthemums are propagated most often by cuttings of shoots that are formed in mother plants.
Chrysanthemum cuttings can be planted both in spring (May-early June) and in autumn (2 weeks before the first frost). It is best to plant in rainy or cloudy weather. You can not plant cuttings in the heat - a young seedling will not stand scorching sun... After planting the cuttings, you need to do the first pinching - remove the growth point. And after 3 weeks - pinch upper part escape.
Sometimes chrysanthemums are planted with seeds. The best time for sowing chrysanthemum seeds in the ground - May. For planting, small holes are prepared, 3-4 seeds are sown in each hole. The distance between the holes should be at least 25 cm. When growing Indian chrysanthemums from seeds, it is important to maintain the moisture of the upper soil layer.
To prevent drying out, the ground must be covered with a film, not forgetting to air it sometimes. Water very carefully, spraying is preferred. After germination of the seeds, the film is removed. Chrysanthemum picking is done after the appearance of the third pair of leaves. Young seedlings are not frost-resistant, therefore they are planted in the ground only after the onset of constant heat.
With long-term cultivation for wintering, the bushes are dug up, the stems are cut at a height of 20 cm, placed in boxes. The roots are sprinkled with wet sand and the boxes are placed in the cellar at a temperature of + 2 ° C.
Chrysanthemum tolerates the dry air of city apartments quite well, therefore it grows successfully in a pot culture. Such chrysanthemums are transplanted every year, in spring, using a soil mixture of sod and leafy soil, compost and sand (4: 2: 2: 1).
Classification
Indian chrysanthemum (lat.Chrysanthemum indicum L.) is a type of perennial herbaceous plants of the genus Chrysanthemum (lat.Chrysanthemum) of the family Astrovye (lat.Asteraceae) or Compositae (lat.Compositae).
Botanical description
The rhizome of Indian chrysanthemum is thick, branched. The stem is erect or creeping at the base, up to 1 meter in height. Leaves are ovate or ovate-oval, sparsely pubescent, 6-7 cm long and 1-2.5 cm wide, pinnately or slightly dissected; the leaves growing at the top of the stem are small. The flowers are pink, white or yellow, collected in inflorescences - baskets up to 2.5-5 cm in diameter. A significant part of the median tubular flowers are transformed into ligulate flowers. Fruits are oblong achenes.
Spreading
A wild type of chrysanthemum was found in China, in places with a subtropical climate and high humidity... Wild chrysanthemums grew here and in the bamboo forests near the rice fields. Now the wild-growing Indian chrysanthemum is distributed practically throughout China.
Chrysanthemum is grown as a flowering, decorative deciduous plant in the south of the European part of Russia, in many provinces of China, as well as in Japan, India and most countries of Europe, Asia and America.
This flower grows on grassy mountain slopes, in thickets of bushes, along river banks and in other wet places.
Regions of distribution on the map of Russia.
Procurement of raw materials
Dried inflorescences ("flowers") are harvested as a medicinal raw material for Indian chrysanthemums.
Raw materials are harvested during the most intense flowering of the plant. The collected flowers are treated with sulfur, then moisture is removed from them by pressing and dried in the sun. Chrysanthemum flowers for making tea drinks are not subjected to this treatment. They are harvested by hand and then dried in the most natural conditions possible.
Chemical composition
Indian chrysanthemum inflorescences contain chrysanthemum gandelin, chrysanthemol, chrysanttemiol, indicumenon, chrysanthenone, cis-spiroenol ether, trans-spiroenol ether, angeloincumambrin B, angelilayadin, arteglazin A, acacinte-lucetaline-7-querocelin-D -O-β-D-glucoside, chrysanthemum, chrysanthemaxanthin, daucosterol, coumambrin A, acacetin, acacetin-7-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, 1-O-behenoylglycerin, palmitic, ursolic and linoleic acids, b-sitosterol , octacosanol, etc.
The plant also contains essential oil, dl-camphor and chrysanthemum glycoside, which is split into glucose and cyanide during hydrolysis. Found stachydrine, adenine, choline, vitamin A, lactone compound eufualactone, which is the main nucleus of chamazulene.
Pharmacological properties
Indian chrysanthemum contains a huge range of minerals necessary for the normal functioning of the human body, especially the nervous system: potassium, magnesium, selenium, zinc. It also contains vitamins, especially a lot in the composition of vitamin C.
The greatest healing effect is possessed by essential oil, which strengthens the human immune system, increases protective forces organism and has a beneficial effect on nervous system, helps with sleep disorders.
Chrysanthemum infusion reduces high blood pressure.
The alcoholic extract of this plant helps fight hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and meningococcus, it has the effect of a natural antibiotic.
Chrysanthemum tea also has many useful properties... It lacks caffeine and has a calming effect. Compounds in tea help regulate cholesterol levels and lower blood pressure. Chrysanthemum drink facilitates digestion, especially after heavy fatty and fried foods.
In China, the chrysanthemum drink is included in the treatment of colds. It lowers fever, relieves coughs, and has antiviral and antibacterial properties. Tea also detoxifies, purifies the blood and improves blood circulation. Dry chrysanthemum petal tea helps maintain calcium levels.
Application in traditional medicine
In traditional Chinese medicine, chrysanthemum leaves are used to treat migraines, dried flowers are used to improve appetite, petals are used as an aromatic agent with an anti-inflammatory and mild sedative effect.
Baths with the addition of chrysanthemum petals have a beneficial effect not only on the skin, but also on psychological condition, strengthen the weakened immune system and stimulate appetite. Aromatic bath from chrysanthemum petals lifts vitality, has a calming effect on the nervous system and allows you to relax as much as possible.
Chrysanthemum is used by folk healers to treat eye diseases, flowers are used externally to treat boils, scrofula, deep abscesses, eczema and itching of the skin.
Flowers and leaves of chrysanthemums in many countries were used to treat malaria, alcoholism, migraines, stomach diseases, sore throat and cervix, hypertension, and the roots - as a laxative.
For the treatment of severe rhinitis or with a decrease in the sense of smell, chrysanthemum flower petals soaked in oil are placed under the nose.
Chrysanthemum is used for exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and pulmonary tuberculosis. Chrysanthemum honey is also effective against these diseases (it is obtained by infusing petals on honey).
Chrysanthemum will be useful for joint diseases: arthrosis, arthritis, osteochondrosis. To improve the patient's condition with these diseases, baths with flower petals are shown, as well as compresses from chrysanthemum honey. It is recommended to apply compresses from petals soaked in vegetable oil to the joints. With osteochondrosis, rubbing the spine with an infusion of chrysanthemum flowers helps.
Chrysanthemum tea with linden has a positive effect on the condition of a person suffering from kidney disease. The drink has diuretic properties and perfectly cleanses the body.
Chrysanthemum in the form of a decoction helps to normalize myocardial function, reduces "bad" cholesterol. The plant helps with hypertension. To reduce the pressure, the petals are first kept in vegetable oil, and then applied to the wrists, wrapped in wax paper. To relieve headaches, chrysanthemum oil infused with flower petals is prepared. It is used for light massage of the temples.
In Indian folk medicine, chrysanthemum is used to treat gonorrhea and migraine.
History reference
The name "chrysanthemum" comes from the Greek words: "chrysos" - "gold" and anthemis - "flower". That is why Carl Linnaeus named the chrysanthemum “Chrysanthemum”.
Chrysanthemum became one of the main symbols of Japan for a very long time, back in the 12th century - it was then that the image of a flower appeared on the blade of the emperor reigning at that time. Already from the VIII-XII centuries. clothes and utensils were decorated with the image of a chrysanthemum. Only in 1871 the image of the chrysanthemum was declared sacred and allowed to use it only to persons belonging to the imperial house. Beautiful flower was placed on the national flag, on coins and on the highest Japanese order, the name of which has not changed until now: the Order of the Chrysanthemum. The stylized image of the sixteen-petalled imperial golden chrysanthemum is still the unofficial coat of arms of Japan.
Chrysanthemum in Japanese is called "kiku" ("sun") and is denoted by the same hieroglyph. According to legend, the Japanese themselves, the Yamato, are descended from the Sun and therefore bear the proud name "People of the Sun".
Chrysanthemum is also associated with one of the most beloved holidays in Japan, the "Chrysanthemum Festival". This romantic holiday, which takes place during the flowering of chrysanthemums, has been celebrated for a long time. On this day, in ancient times, the Japanese decorated their homes with blooming chrysanthemums, and among the nobility there was a custom to ride boats decorated with flowers. Competitions were held best poets Japan in writing poems dedicated to chrysanthemum - the hero of the occasion.
The chrysanthemum was first brought to Europe from Japan to England back in 1676 by the Dutch traveler Reede, but the flower was hardly noticed by anyone. Therefore, the date of the appearance of the chrysanthemum in Europe is 1789, when the captain Pierre Blanchard brought it to Marseille. And only 40 years later, in 1829, the gardener Berne from Toulouse began to breed chrysanthemums from seeds, and only after receiving several new beautifully colored varieties, other gardeners followed his example. And in the 50s. In the 19th century, about 300 new varieties of chrysanthemums were bred, differing not only in color, but also in the shape of the flowers.
Literature
- Handbook "Natural raw materials of Chinese medicine" (in 3 volumes), volume I, Moscow, 2004.
Alekseyuk E.F .: Korean chrysanthemum: cultivation and new varieties. Uralsky gardener newspaper, No. 51, 2012
Nedoluzhko A.I. Chrysanthemums for Primorye / Moskalyuk T.A. - Vladivostok: BSI FEB RAS, 2004. - 51 p.
A.I. Schreter, B.G. Valentinov, E.M. Naumova
A friend of mine grows flowers for sale. She praised Indian chrysanthemums very much, and I also wanted to plant at least one bush for myself. Tell me what to look for when growing Indian?
Indian chrysanthemum is a plant with large flowers, which is grown most often indoors for cut. Only early varieties Indian chrysanthemum. For example, the Gazelle chrysanthemum variety blooms in August, has a large, white double flower up to 17 cm in diameter, and the stem height reaches 90 cm.
To grow Indian chrysanthemums indoors, she needs to create favorable conditions to get a perfect harvest of flowers. Special attention should be given to the temperature regime and, watering and creating the required level of humidity, correct selection the composition of the soil and the timely introduction of top dressing, as well as pruning the bush.
Temperature control and suitable lighting
Indian chrysanthemum does not tolerate high temperatures... In order for it to bloom as long as possible, it is necessary to maintain the temperature at 10-15 degrees Celsius. In the summer, the pot should be placed in a darkened place that is well ventilated, and in the winter, the chrysanthemum should be stored at 5 degrees Celsius.
Since the flower does not react well to direct sunlight, eastern or western windows will provide it with comfortable "living".
But the lack of lighting will not benefit the chrysanthemum - it simply will not bloom, so the northern part of the house is not suitable for keeping plants.
Watering frequency and required humidity
Chrysanthemum is very fond of water, so it should be watered every three days as the top layer of the earth dries out. If you skip the next watering, then unblown buds, as well as open flowers, will begin to fade. At the same time, it is important not to flood the plant too much so that it does not rot. For watering, it is better to use a soft rainwater, and if this is not possible, then they defend the tap water for a couple of days.
For supporting increased level humidity necessary for chrysanthemum, it is periodically sprayed with purified water. For the same purposes, containers with water are placed next to it.
Chrysanthemum spraying is best done in the morning, and should be stopped by autumn.
The Indian chrysanthemum requires loose, nutrient-rich soil with neutral acidity. It is recommended to add turf (4 parts), humus (1 part) and sand (1 part) to the garden soil (4 parts) for planting a flower.
For proper development and lush bloom Indian chrysanthemum is fed twice a month:
- during the period of growing deciduous mass -;
- during the budding period - dressings, which include phosphorus and potassium.
Chrysanthemum pruning
The first pruning is done to form a beautiful bush - pinch the chrysanthemum two or three times (cut off the upper part of the shoot). This stimulates the growth of side shoots. It is worth considering that the last pinching is carried out two weeks before the plant begins to bloom.
The next pruning of the bush is carried out before placing the chrysanthemum in a dark, cool and dry room on winter storage... To do this, cut off all the shoots, leaving 10 cm.
Like its other relatives, the Indian chrysanthemum reproduces by sowing seeds ( annual plants), as well as by cuttings or dividing the bush (perennial plants).
Video on how to grow large-flowered chrysanthemums
Indian chrysanthemum is a plant that gives special beauty to the autumn personal plot and gives pleasure to its owners.
Indian chrysanthemum is a perennial plant that belongs to the Astrovye family.
The main characteristics of the plant
Popular varieties
Chrysanthemum Indian grade "Anastasia"
Aurora
One of the most common varieties of Indian chrysanthemums. The plant is tall (up to 100 cm) with medium-sized bright orange flowers (up to 10 cm in diameter). It pleases with flowering with the onset of autumn, in September - October.
Anastasia
The many subspecies that this variety includes are distinguished by their shades. Chrysanthemums of the Anastasia variety can be white, pink, lilac, and they can have various nuances yellow color(yellow, pale yellow, lemon, etc.). Combines all subspecies flower size. In this variety, they are large (up to 17 cm in diameter), with thin petals. Anastasia is also attracted by the long flowering period: with early autumn until late autumn frosts.
Artist
A short, compact shrub that looks good both in the garden and in quality indoor flower, on the windowsill. The flowers are attractive with a combination of white and pink.
Vimini
Vimini bushes have low height(about 30 cm). Each bush is abundantly strewn with small flowers. Their petals are bright orange in color, and the middle of the flower is dark brown.
Gazelle
Snow-white double flowers, which form balls up to 17 cm in diameter, are the main advantage of the exquisite Indian Gazelle chrysanthemum. The plant has a strong stem and is used for bouquets.
Valentina Tereshkova
In any flower garden and with a single planting, Valentina Tereshkova's chrysanthemum looks great. Its large flowers, dark crimson at the top and lighter at the bottom, are also often used for cutting.
Reproduction
To breed a large-flowered Indian chrysanthemum on the site, you can use one of the methods of flower reproduction. Usually, a perennial propagates by seed or cuttings.
Seed propagation
Chrysanthemum Indian grade "Valentina Tereshkova"
Growing Indian chrysanthemums from seeds is the most common method. Sowing seeds is carried out in winter, in February.
Before sowing, the seeds are kept in a cold place for stratification. The procedure takes about 3 to 4 days. During this time, the seeds, wrapped in a damp cloth and cellophane, are left in the refrigerator.
The container in which the seeds will be planted is filled with special soil. It is made up of equal parts of sand and peat.
Planting begins by moistening the soil in the container. Pour on wet soil in rows wet seeds... A distance of at least 10 cm is left between the rows. The seeds, poured onto the soil, are not covered from above, but are pressed against the ground with a light slap.
To create greenhouse conditions, the container is covered with foil. Crops need to be watered systematically, keeping the soil moist, it is also important to arrange ventilation for them.
After the sprouts appear, the film is removed, continuing regular watering. With the onset of warmth, the grown sprouts are planted in the ground.
Propagation by cuttings
Cutting of chrysanthemums is less often used for breeding them. This method becomes the most suitable for the cultivation of plants of a particular variety. In the fall, the bush chosen for grafting should be dug out of the ground, transplanted into a deep box, leaving the layers on the surface. Store the box without watering in a cool place. Allowable temperature air - from -1 ° to + 5 °.
The time for harvesting cuttings is mid-February, mid-March. At this time, the container is transferred to a warmer room (+ 18-20 °). It is important to provide a long (at least 16 hours) light period for plants. In this case, in addition to natural lighting, lamps are used for illumination. Layers are covered with a mixture of sand and peat, and the tops are pinched. After that, new shoots appear from the internodes, which will be used as cuttings.
In April, the container can be moved to the greenhouse (or to closed balcony) to harden the plants and watered regularly. After the shoots have grown to the required length, you can sharp knife cut the cuttings. The length of the cut shoots depends on the harvesting time:
- early spring - 7 - 8 cm;
- late spring - 5-6 cm.
After cutting, the cuttings are planted in a box filled with arrogance of soil, peat, humus. Planting depth - 1.5 cm. When planting, make sure that the plants are not too dense in the container. Plantings are regularly watered and fertilized. The frequency of feeding is 1 time in 10 days. For feeding, 1 tbsp is bred. nitrogen fertilization in 1 bucket of water.
Planting and leaving
Chrysanthemum indian
In order for the large-flowered Indian chrysanthemum to take root well and delight with its flowering, it is necessary to follow the rules for growing the plant.
Seat selection
When choosing a planting site, care must be taken to prevent the roots of the plant from decaying. Therefore, it is advisable to choose an elevated place for landing.
For normal growth, the plant will also need good lighting, so it is better if the planting site is well lit and also protected from drafts. When choosing where to plant a chrysanthemum, you need to pay attention to the soil. The preferred soil for a flower is loam; the plant reacts very well to humus from fallen leaves.
Landing
The most optimal time for planting Indian chrysanthemums is the 1st decade of June (from 1st to 10th). Before planting, the sprouts are moistened and dug out of containers with a clod of earth. Planting pits are prepared for each plant. Their size should be 2 cm larger than the dug earth clod. The depth of the hole should be such that the root collar of the plant remains on the surface or is buried no more than 1 cm. After planting, you need to moisten the soil around the plant.
Watering
Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum loves water and reacts badly to drying out of the soil. Therefore, it is advisable to water the plant regularly. At the same time, it is undesirable excess moisture, from which the roots of the flower can rot. Therefore, you need to water as the topsoil dries up.
Top dressing
During the season, the flower should be systematically fed. The frequency of dressing is 2 times a month.
Pruning
The beautiful appearance of the plant also depends on the shape of the bush. For its formation and the appearance of lateral shoots, the top of the shoot is cut off.
Pruning is also carried out before digging out a clod of earth with a plant in preparation for winter period placed in a cool place (cellar).
If a flower is grown in winter like indoor plant, it is also cut to the root before planting in a pot.
Pest control
If in the process of growing on a flower or leaves of a plant, signs of a disease were found ( powdery mildew), the affected parts are immediately removed, and the remaining plant and soil are treated with any fungicide - Bordeaux liquid, colloidal sulfur, Topaz, Fundazol, Skor, etc.
From pests of chrysanthemum ( spider mite, nematodes, aphids) help preparations based on insecticides - Karate, Actellik, etc.
Everything chemical agents use in strict accordance with the recommendation for use.
Indian chrysanthemum in the garden
Variety of varieties and color shades chrysanthemum indian allows the plant to be widely used in garden design, to create original design plot.
- Low-growing varieties look good along garden paths, in the foreground of flower beds.
- Tall varieties become a good background and are planted in a flower garden in the background.
- Single bushes of large-flowered chrysanthemums create bright spots in different parts garden. Different look interesting color combinations that can be used to create an original pattern.
The Eastern sages knew how to be happy. They argued that for this you need to grow chrysanthemums. Gardeners all over the world confirm that they are right.
Translated from Greek, the word "chrysanthemum" means "golden flower". In total, more than 10 thousand varieties of this species are known, each of which has its own unique features(shape, color, size, etc.). The cultivation of these flowers began in China over 2000 years ago. In Europe, chrysanthemum gained popularity in the 17th century, and after 100 years they began to engage in artificial cultivation.
Chrysanthemum Indian, or Indian mixture, is perennial plant, belongs to the family of Asteraceae (Compositae). The species is distinguished by a surprisingly long flowering period (1-2 months without losing attractiveness), which begins in the fall, when the summer colors gradually fade. This quality makes chrysanthemums even more valuable.
For your information! At first, all large types of chrysanthemums were called Indian.
Flower features
Flowers of this species have long earned a special prestige, for example, on front side A Chinese 1 yuan coin depicts a chrysanthemum. The image of this plant is often found in works of art and music. Chrysanthemums are also made on the basis of living plants. self made which are very popular with buyers. Many varieties, including chrysanthemum chrysanthemum, serve as ingredients (in the form of flower petals) for cooking medicines... Some plant species can also be eaten.
They contain substances such as:
- vitamin A;
- glycoside;
- choline;
- adenine;
- essential oil;
- eufualacon.
Chrysanthemum flowers are used to make tea, which awakens the appetite. Essential oil has a beneficial effect on the brain, which is very useful in Parkinson's disease. An infusion made from chrysanthemum flowers has a powerful antipyretic effect. Compresses based on flower leaves will help eliminate migraine attacks.
Species characteristics
In nature given view chrysanthemums are found in the Caucasus, the Middle East and India. Culture is much less common in European countries.
Indian chrysanthemum is distinguished by its hardiness, drought resistance and winter hardiness. The plant does not tolerate shade, as it belongs to the number of light-loving crops.
Important! Climate Middle lane not the best for this species. Under these conditions, the flower grows slowly, is characterized by short flowering, and has very small inflorescences.
The golden flower is actively used in landscape design... Beautiful Indian chrysanthemum will look great on any flower bed, in flower beds. In one place, you can grow several varieties of this type at once. In this case, the composition will look brighter and more distinctive. The main thing in a floral ensemble is harmony and a sense of proportion.
Chrysanthemum bush in landscape design
Note! Chrysanthemum Indicum Mix is great for growing at home.
The maximum stem height is 1.5 m, with the average value varying from 80 to 100 cm. The stems branch, the leaves are dissected. The flowering period is in August-November or September-December. This or that variety depends on the characteristics of the climate. The seeds ripen by December.
The flowers are composed of many small petals of a golden yellow color (there are other color options) and resemble a basket in shape. The bud is present on each branch of the chrysanthemum, which makes the bush look especially beautiful during intense flowering.
Important! Chrysanthemum is grown in garden and summer cottages, in yards, on flower beds and lawns. The culture grows well in indoor conditions.
Indian chrysanthemum varieties
Among the most known varieties Indian chrysanthemums are distinguished by the following:
- Anastasia... Flowers can be of different colors: from white, pink and yellow to lilac, green and lemon. Flat terry inflorescences reach 17 cm in diameter. Petals in their own way outward appearance resemble rays. The inflorescence itself is located at the top of a sturdy stem 17 cm long. The variety got its name in honor of Princess Anastasia, daughter of Nicholas II.
- Aurora... Flat terry inflorescences are painted in Orange color... The upper side of the flowers is red, the lower one is yellow. The diameter of the latter is 7-10 cm. The height of the chrysanthemum reaches 1 m. Strong shoots are few.
- Snow elf... Terry flowers, white, with a diameter of 5-8 cm. Plant height 50-70 cm.
- Carnival... Differs in diversity color palette and a long flowering period.
- Tziya... The flowers are maroon, petals with a white border. The bushes are low, the flowers are medium in size.
- Artist... Stripes of white and pink stretch along the petals.
- North Bye. main feature- yellow-white petals with a purple stripe.
- Like Worth... The flowers look like chamomile. This variety is very unusual and therefore has great decorative value. Yellow stripes run along the edges of the orange petals gathered around the green center.
- Altgold... It is characterized by a flat inflorescence of bright yellow color and a low stem. Blooms from August to October.
- Vimini... Outwardly it looks like a sunflower. Flowers can be yellow, lemon, orange. The core of the flower is brown. Is different short term flowering.
- Cleopatra... Blooms profusely over time. The flowers are bright, sunny shades. The variety has a compact bush shape.
All these and other varieties of Indian chrysanthemum are unique and magnificent in their own way. Most of them are the result of artificial selection.
Planting and leaving
It can be quite difficult to grow plants with large flowers on your own. However, if you follow the recommendations of experienced florists, it seems quite possible to breed all kinds of varieties of this type of chrysanthemum.
There are two ways to grow them:
- from seeds;
- by cuttings.
Chrysanthemum indian seeds
Growing varieties of chrysanthemum Indian seed mixture requires the following rules:
- Since many are interested in the question of whether the Indicum Mix chrysanthemum can grow in open ground, it is worth noting, yes, it can, however, in open ground are planted only by seedlings.
- Before placing in the soil, the seeds are wrapped in a damp cloth and stored in this form for several days. The temperature should be at least 5 ° C.
- Wet seeds are planted in soil.
- The soil in the container must also be moist.
- Seed material is not covered with earth to ensure the penetration of sunlight.
- The boxes with the planted seeds are covered with foil, airing from time to time.
- As soon as they germinate, the film is removed, and the soil is loosened.
- Seedlings are placed in open ground after warm weather sets in.
- Bushes should be spaced 50 cm apart.
- The soil requires regular loosening and watering.
- Flowers need to be given full access to light.
- At the end of the flowering period, the stems are cut, leaving 10-20 cm. Then the plants are placed in containers with moistened sand and stored over the winter at a temperature of 2-5 ° C.
When growing Indian chrysanthemums by the second method, the following recommendations must be observed:
- The length of the cuttings should be at least 20 cm. In the spring they are rooted in the ground.
- The seedlings are covered with foil with the possibility of regular airing. At the same time, cellophane should not come into contact with the cuttings.
- As soon as the flowers sprout, the film is removed.
- The shoots should be fed with nitrogen-containing fertilizers.
Another method of propagation by cuttings is that the flowers are first germinated in pots until they are completely rooted, and only then are they planted in the ground and covered with foil.
Important! The best time to plant Indian Chrysanthemums is May.
Both at home and in the garden, caring for the chrysanthemum Mix involves regular watering, feeding, pruning and others. necessary measures... The variety does not tolerate high temperatures. For normal growth and long-term flowering, the temperature must be maintained at 10-15 ° C. In summer, the pot with the plant is placed in a dark, well-ventilated place, and in winter it is stored at 5 ° C.
Chrysanthemum Mix does not tolerate direct sunlight, so it is best to place the flower near the eastern or western windows.
The plant loves moisture, so you need to water it once every 3 days. To prevent the flower from rotting, it should not be taken too much. It is allowed to moisten the soil with tap water, but before that it must settle for 2 days. Chrysanthemum is periodically sprayed with clean water.
Chrysanthemum Mix
The first cut is needed for correct formation bush. To do this, pinch the chrysanthemum a couple of times, thereby stimulating the growth of lateral shoots. Last time the tops are cut 2 weeks before flowering. The next pruning, in which all shoots are removed to a level of 10 cm, is carried out before placing the plant in a dark, dry, ventilated place for the winter.
Diseases and pests
Like any other plant, this species comes under the influence of diseases and pests. Among the latter, the greatest threat is posed by:
- nematodes;
- spider mite (feed on plant cell sap);
Note! With frequent watering and poor care the flower can infect powdery mildew. To combat the disease, use effective remedy- an insecticide used to treat a diseased plant. Also, chrysanthemum for this time needs to be isolated from other plants.
Indian chrysanthemum is perfect for growing both beginners and experienced florists... Flowers embody original beauty and unique style... If you take care of the plant competently, observing the recommendations listed in the article, the chrysanthemum will delight you with its lush and bright flowering for a long time.
Many amateurs are interested in growing large-flowered in indoor conditions Indian chrysanthemums... Unfortunately, it is rather difficult to obtain selected specimens of these plants in this way.
Indian chrysanthemums are cultivated as an annual crop. Just like the Korean ones, they require sunny places, nutrient soils, regular watering.
Propagated by cuttings in autumn (they are cut from mother plants). Mother plants in the form of completely cut bushes are brought in in the fall, after flowering, into a cold room, occasionally watered and kept there until the end of January - early February.
Then the plants are transferred to a bright room (preferably in a greenhouse) with a temperature of 12-14 ° C, and watered abundantly. When the plants grow back, cuttings are cut from them (it is desirable to treat the cuts with heteroauxin) and planted in the same way as cuttings korean chrysanthemums, in the seed boxes (just in the sand or with a litter of humus).
Rooted cuttings are transplanted into pots with nutritious soil mixture and kept until the end of May in bright rooms, at a temperature of 16-18 ° C, watering in a timely manner. They are planted in the same way as small-flowered chrysanthemums, in pre-prepared ridges. In the early days, they are protected from hot sunlight, watered abundantly, the holes are mulched.
V summer period care consists in weeding, loosening, feeding, tying tall varieties to stakes and, most importantly in the culture of Indian chrysanthemums, which fundamentally distinguishes them from the Korean culture, they must pinch (pinch) the bushes, form them, starting with a cuttings rooted in a pot ...
Each group of Indian chrysanthemum varieties requires its own way of pinching the shoots. It depends on the height of the bush, on how many flowers the plant is supposed to drive (so that it eventually has one, two, three or more flowers).
For some varieties, weekly pinching (removal) of lateral shoots is required. Pinching of shoots and removal of buds should be carried out carefully so as not to damage fragile stems, as this will lead to deformation of the inflorescence.
Growing large-flowered chrysanthemums is an art. In addition to the usual three feedings per season, these chrysanthemums are fed every week with a mullein (1: 10).
In autumn, when the buds of the plants are already well developed, they are dug out of the ridges and planted in large pots, which are brought into a bright room with a temperature of no more than 18 ° C. If it is necessary to delay the blooming of the buds, the plants are kept at a lower temperature and watered as necessary.
Chrysanthemums should be watered sparingly (without flooding them). If the lower leaves turn yellow and have fallen off, and the stem in the lower part is bare, you need to cut it off with a sharp knife and put the flowers in vases.
Pots with cut stems are stored in bright, cold rooms (1-3 ° C) until the next season, when the shoots will grow back and can be cut into cuttings.
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