In the ancient times and the era of the Middle Ages in front of people was often the task of lifting water to height. It was implemented different wayswhich can remember any homeowner left on land plot on the for a long time Without electricity. In the event of a large depth of the source of water intake and acute need in water, the use of ancient ways will bring certain benefits in expanding the horizons, health promotion and receiving additional engineering skills.
If you decide how to raise water to height, you can not do without the pump. Only for lifting will have to use not electrical, but manual homemade devicesFor which the muscular strength application is required or the energy of the current water flow.
Archimedean Screw
Invention screw device For the supply of water to height in order to fill irrigation channels, Archimema was made approximately in 250 BC.
Fig.1 Principle of operation of the Screw Pump ArchimedesThe device consists of hollow cylinder, inside which the screw rotates, during operation it is lowered into the source of water intake at an angle. When rotating the screw blades, the water is captured and the screw lifts it up through the pipe, at the top point, the pipe ends and the water is poured into the container or the irrigation canal.
Ancient times working wheel Rotated slaves or animals, in our time there may be problems with it and will have to additionally build a wind wheel to bring the screw into rotation or independently strengthen the muscles.
Fig.2 Wheel of the wheel Archimedes - tube pump The device is analogue of modern screw pumpsmay have different modifications: the screw rotates with the cylinder or has a shape of a hollow tube wound on the rod.
Method of hydrotaran Mongolfier
Mechanic Mongolfier in 1797 came up with a device called a hydraulic taran. It uses the kinetic energy of water flowing from top to bottom.
Fig. 3 Principle of operation of the waterproof water pump The principle of the device is based on the fact that with a sharp overlap of the aqueous stream in a rigid pipe, water through the reverse pressure valve is displaced to the above-tone hydrobac. In its lower part there is a fitting, which dresses the outlet hose for water that goes to the consumer. The check valve does not allow water to pour back - thus the constant cyclic filling of the tank and the continuous rise and supply of water occurs.
The device shut-off valve works automatically, so the presence of a person and organizing its work other than installing the equipment is not required.
Fig. four Appearance industrial waterproof pump It should be noted that such devices do not need to do on their own, they are produced in an industrial way in small volumes.
Airlift
The method of the method is the German mining engineer Karl Sheer, who invented the method in 1797.
Fig. 5 Principle of operation of the Aerolyft Pump and its species Aerolypt (erlift) is a type of inkjet pump, air is used to lift water. The device is a hollow vertical pipe, lowered into the water, to the bottom of which the hose is connected. When feeding through the hose to the air pipe under pressure, its bubbles are mixed with water, and the resulting foam due to light specific mass rises upwards.
Air can be served using usual through nipple, which prevents it from the output back.
Fig. 6. Automatic feed Water Aerolyft with Compressor A similar device for supplying water in the absence of a pump is quite easy to make it yourself and automate the process if there is a feed compressor.
Water lift with piston pump
Fig. 7 Principle of operation of the homemade piston pump You can make a device for supplying water to height by the method of suction using the piston. The device is a pipe with a check valve system, inside the cylindrical surface of which is moving the piston. With a return movement, the water is absorbed into the cylinder housing, with the progress of the piston check valves Close and the water is pushed out.
Fig. 8 Piston pump in the organization of manual water supply. Piston pump with long pipe for lifting water with great deep depths Keep in your hands and swing water - lesson for prepared by bodybuilders, it is more convenient to adapt it to lifting water from a narrow well, fixing on an external column with a handle.
For rapid water lifting from small depths from narrow cleft, you can use the simplest industrial device. For this, a manual pump for water is taken and a long plastic tube is dressed onto its inlet valve. Homemade Pump It is lowered into the water with a long end of the tube and it swings using repeated presses on the pump button.
Fig. nine Manual pump For water liftingWater lifting methods without electric pump are ineffective and require serious costs and efforts for the manufacture of workable and comfortable deviceunparalleled not only with the cost of the cheapest electric pump, but also expensive models. Their use is justified during accommodation in areas with full absence Electricity, which can be attributed to extreme ways of survival.
On its own plot of land, first of all it is necessary to take care of providing it with water for watering, drinking and other needs. For this, it is enough to be built a well, and it will always be possible to produce the required amount of moisture you need at any time of the year. But for the lifting of the fluid, as you know, we need a pump that works from electricity. And what if the site is far from civilization, and there are no electricity on it? In this case, you can do without a pump, using other ways. About these ways now and will go a conversation.
Types of players
Drilling wells can be two types: sandy and artesian. The first type has another name - filter well. It brings to the nearest aquifer in the sandy soil. Depth can reach 30 meters, and width casing It may be about 13 cm. The feature of the structure of such a source is that a strainer is made on the pipe walls. For water extraction, a deep or surface unit is required. She can last about 15 years. But the service life primarily depends on the depth of the waterproof layer and on how intensively it is used.
The second type is the artesian well. Water in it is mined with great depths, it can reach 200 meter marks. She has an increased productivity and high quality water. It serves as much longer than the first type - more than 50 years. Accordingly, must be used more powerful apparatus For lifting moisture on the surface. For drilling such a pit requires permission local bodies self-government.
Is it possible from these wells to get water without using an electric pump? Yes, it is quite possible, and from the mine of both types. But it is important to take into account several nuances. Much depends on manual devicesthat will be applied at the same time. Usually they do not give sufficient pressure at a depth of more than 30 meters. Therefore, such a system is relevant mainly for a sandy well. But for starters, let's understand how it is possible to raise the liquid from such a facility without a pump, and that it will be needed.
Water production water production
This unusual way It is perfect for producing water from a mine without a pump. That is, you can use any manual hose pump that works without electricity. Make such a system is quite simple. To begin with, it is necessary to fully sealed the hind of the well. It is done 2 holes: the hose from the pump is inserted into one - second is the pipe for water supply. When working in such an instrument in the mine, a pressure is created, which pushes the outward fluid.
If the air pressure entering the mine is powerful, it is quite possible to do without an electric pump. But it should be taken into account that such pressure will push the water not only upstairs, but also down, in the aquifer. What it is fraught, will be described below. This method You can use together with standard approaches. It is especially relevant if the pressure in the pit is not strong enough, even for the electric pump.
Water production by hydrothedral method
This is another non-standard way Water production without pump: In this case, a hydraulic taran is used - a device intended for mechanical lifting of a liquid from any well, even artesian.
It works such a device on the energy obtained from the flow of water. Due to the rise of water to the greater height and lowering it down, the liquid is pushed up. This design consists of the following components:
jackhaft valve;
return valve;
feed pipe;
discharge pipe;
air cap.
Due to the opening and closing of the valves in a certain sequence, the liquid circulation occurs. It accelerates on the supply pipe and is created by a hydraulic chatelaux that the fluid is outward into the discharge pipe. Such a device is difficult to do it yourself, but it is easy to purchase it. And it will be the most correct solution for the plots on which there is no electricity.
Important moments
When producing water by increasing pressure inside the mine, you must consider several important factors. First, taken into account geological structure The area on which the well is located.
Also important is the debit of mines for the extraction of fluid from the ground and the productivity of the aquifer.
Well, of course, the depth of the aquifer of the aquifer is taken into account.
If you do not consider all this, then because of overpressure The well may fail. Simply put, the liquid from the aquifer will cease to flow into the mine. This is due to the fact that the air generated inside will push almost all the water down, pressing it into the ground. Therefore, air supply must be optimal. It should only be enough to push water out and not create overpressure.
Stable Watering - Pledge of receipt abundant harvest from garden Grookok.. If in rainy days weather takes this concern about plants on yourself, then in the hot months, it is already necessary to solve the gardeners, using for this bucket and watering cans. Easy work helps pumping equipment.
The market offers various pumps for watering the garden and to buy a suitable model is difficult, right? We will help you to navigate in the assortment of equipment, we will tell about the features of different modifications and give step by step algorithm choice based on the analysis of the characteristics of the units.
In addition, we denote trademarks and brands whose products are in demand and trust among dacities.
Choice and acquisition suitable model Garden pump for irrigation depends largely on which water is supposed to pump and where it is planned to take.
Plants can not normally develop without a sufficient amount of lifeful moisture. But for watering green plantings, only well-defined warm water is suitable.
Rainwater - the most affordable option Living moisture having a neutral acid-alkaline balance and containing minimum hazardous chemical impurities
The maternity hosts are assembled rainwater In the barrels placed on the plot under the waterproofs and large containers. In case of needing, it remains only to get, after throwing a bucket or by pumping out the pump for irrigation from the barrel.
Quite often, if it is present on the site, the water for watering takes from them. But " cold shower"Capacked irreparable damage to gentle roots of plants: they can start rotting.
For this reason, the water, diluted from the hydraulic structure, is first poured into the containers, giving it to warm under the sunlight, and only after that is used for irrigation.
The third, and perhaps the most good option source, from where it is convenient to take water for watering - located nearby natural reservoir or constructed own forces Artificial pond.
Using water from a homepipe for watering plants, you solve two tasks at once: give life to green "pets" and carry out the prophylactic cleaning of the water structure
In all the sources listed above, water according to the degree of pollution water is very different. Therefore, for each of them there are separate types of pumping equipment.
Types of water pumping pumps
For irrigation gardening crops Apply two types of pumps. Depending on the method of water intake and placing the unit of the unit relative to the source, they are superficial and submersible.
Option # 1 - Board for pumping tanks
Such devices are designed specifically for pumping water from the tanks of a small volume, the depth of which does not exceed 1.2 m.
Among the pumping equipment presented in the market such aggregates are considered the most simple in use and maintenance.
The main advantage of pumps for watering from barrel is compactness and mobility. The weight of the aggregate is average of 3-4 kg.
Taking it by the handle, it is convenient to transfer to the site and alternately install on the contained containers. In addition, barrel pumps are famous for low noise.
To pump the liquid for watering, board pump Using the bracket, it is simply fixed on the edge of the tank and connect to the electrical network
The use of barrel units is also convenient because the water used for watering can be pre-diluted with fertilizers for feeding cultivated plants.
Most models are equipped with a pressure regulator. With it, it is convenient to set the necessary pressure necessary for work. Pumps for tanks are built-in filters, delaying large particles.
But how to celebrate the owners who have already tested household models This type, the built-in filters are not always coped with the task. As a result, even expensive systems quickly clog and fail.
The easiest way to solve this problem can be by adjusting additional homemade filter In the form of a cut from a folded in 2-3 layers of gauze or mesh tulle.
The pump is simply placed on a liner suspended in the form of a hammock so that the mesh layer between the suction device and water does not allow to leak up the garbage.
It is possible to prevent rust and sludge deposits into the system by placing the pump inside the tank so that it does not take to the bottom of the reservoir by 5 cm.
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Option # 2 - Surface for shallow reservoirs
They are placed in close proximity to the source, and the water fence is made by immersion in the construction of the suction hose.
The external devices are capable of pumping water from a depth of 8 m and to produce a stream to level of about 30-50 m. Due to such a pressure from one point, several rows of beds can be poured.
To start the pump for watering from the reservoir, you only need to install the body of the device on smooth surface, attach to it suction hose and discharge nozzle, and then connect to power supply
As the outlet of the majority of surface design models is used metal pipe. The rubber hose is not suitable for this purpose for the reason that at the time of pumping fluid inside it creates firing air.
As a result: the elastic walls begin to shrink, not allowing water flow to move normally to the output.
The only disadvantage of pumps for watering from shallow reservoirs is the vibration and formation of noise during operation.
You can get rid of loud "growls" by placing the unit in the economic building, or by placing the unit of the unit on a rubberized rug or stand.
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Option # 3 - submersible for contaminated ponds
Submersible type pumps are used in rude purposes. The working part of this type of devices is immersed directly into the source, blocking below the water level below. On the surface, the pumping fluid under pressure is derived through rubber nozzles.
Submersible units, unlike outdoor models, are able to overcome long distances to garden beds. Practically without losing pressure, which is particularly valuable at the remote location of the source
Depending on the type of model submersible pumps Capable water from depth to 80 m. This parameter is relevant when used as a watering source for watering a borehole.
Such aggregates will "process" weakly and strong water, which contains of different kind impurities with a diameter of 5-10 mm.
Located slightly above the suction device, the chopper in the process of pumping will crack up on the smallest particles that fall into the device together with water, silt and other trash.
Due to this, irrigation water will additionally be enriched organic fertilizersthat only positively affects the crops of cultivated crops.
The significant lack of drainage aggregates used as pumps for watering from the pond is weak pressure in the system. So watering the garden with their help can only be sick.
If you plan to use a nozzle or divider, then water can not go at all. You can get out of the current situation by performing the work in stages.
First, with the help of the drainage, the liquid is pumped into the accumulative tank. And then after its upset and sedimentation of heavy suspension, a garden is watered using a surface and submersible garden pump.
Option # 4 - Automatic for drip irrigation
Automatic pumps equipped with timers are particularly popular. They greatly facilitate the task of the owners who do not have the opportunity to spend precious time and excess moisture on many hours of watering.
Pumps for drip watering Equipped with pressure relays and hydroaccumulators. Management in such systems can be both manual and automatic.
The task of the host is to set the minimum level of pressure in which the water will flow from the outlet of the thin tubing
At least such equipment is expensive, but costs over time fully pay off, allowing you to more rationally spend hundreds of moisture cubic meters supplied during the season. Yes, and the owner is released by the mass of the time that would be spent on watering.
Criteria for the choice of aggregates
Choosing pumping equipment, it is necessary to determine such factors for itself:
- Distance From the source of water intake to garden beds.
- Height difference from the installation site of pumping equipment to extreme point Groomed.
- Dimensions of the sitereserved under the cultures that need frequent watering.
- Type of irrigation (roasting, drip, sprinkling).
- Frequency use pumping equipment.
For drip irrigation, it is enough to install low-power equipment. Planning to irrigate culture through spruce, it is worth preferring to systems that are able to quietly withstand a large pressure.
Purchasing the model, you should pay attention to what the volume of the tank is calculated and how much can pump water in one hour
The most reliable are aggregates with two-stage mechanisms. Such powerful aggregates choose the hosts of large areas, which have a garden garden and a garden in need of watering, a large area is settled.
№1 - Calculation of device performance
To calculate the necessary performance of the purchased pump equipment usually take average indicators.
Depending on the climatic conditions and the states of the soil according to the current SNOP by watering the beds with an area of \u200b\u200b1 square meters. m required from 3 to 6 liters per day.
Therefore, for a plate of 200 square meters. m Daily norm will be: 200x6 \u003d 1200 liters.
To meet the needs in this case, you will have to acquire the unit with a capacity of 1.5-2 cubic liters per hour
The maximum capacity of barrel units is 4000 l / h. Choosing among low-power devices intended for pumping fluid from cumulative tanksIt is worth seeing to models with a capacity of 2000 l / h.
The price of such devices starts from 2.5 thousand rubles.
When arranging drip irrigation reliable type Pump - centrifugal. After all, it is only capable of overheating a motor to pump large portions of water under high pressure Throughout the whole day.
Choosing among drainage models, consider that such aggregates have a capacity from 83 to 250 l / min when water is supplied from 5 m to 12 m.
When using water for watering, the diameter of the impurities of which is 15-55 mm, it is worth choosing the aggregates with a capacity from 37 to 450 l / min. They are able to provide a height of 5-22 m.
Under the pressure of the pump, the mechanical operation of the unit is meant, as a result of which the pressure of the fluid rises and it is pumped. In this case, part of the drive energy in the process of pumping is converted into the kinetic energy of the liquid.
The pressure generated by the instrument and the flow rate of the pumped liquid is directly dependent on each other, in graphical form, this dependence is displayed as a pump characteristic
The higher the meaning of the pressure being created, the more distance can be kept between the pump and the source of water intake. Calculating power, also consider that the ratio of vertical and horizontal length is 1: 4.
At the same time, if we are talking About watering, then too strong pressure is more accurate than the benefit. After all, the reference pressure is capable not only to damage the dividers, tearing them from the hose, but also harm green plantings.
№3 - Availability of automation system
Automation significantly increases the cost of pumping equipment. But it plays a significant role, warning overheating of the "heart" of the unit - motor.
The float switch protects the engine of the device when the specified minimum of water level is reached. This prevents the unit from the "dry stroke", thereby minimizing the risk of breakdowns.
By choosing the unit, equipped, during operation, you will not need to control how much the barrel was empty.
You only need to wash the float switch under the pressure of the water to warn the adhesion of the case of the box to the outlet.
№4 - Location of the suction valve
A suction valve may be over a motor compartment at the top of the device, or on the bottom of the case.
The presence of a filter on a fixing valve of the device will delay the garbage entering water, thereby extending the service life of the unit
More practical models, water fence in which is located at the top of the case. That constructive solution Reduces the likelihood of casing and penetration inside the bottom sediment and sand particles.
Using submersible units for watering, the suction valves of which are located in the bottom of the housing, use special deliveries.
Placing the pump on the stand, you can partially protect working chamber From entering fibrous inclusions, trembled sand suspension and large garbage.
The supply of pumps usually includes adapters that allow you to connect flexible hoses and rigid pipes with a diameter of 1" and 1 1/4 ". In budget models, most likely watering hose And the spray gun will have to buy additionally.
Overview of pumping equipment manufacturers
High demand for pumping equipment for household use Stimulates manufacturers. Today, foreign I. domestic manufacturers Offer a wide range of Equipment in different price categories.
Imported world brands
Among foreign manufacturersWell-proven in the market of pumping equipment, it is worth highlighting:
- "Hammer".German leader in the production of first-class pumping equipment. Wide the lineup, unique technical solutions and the highest reliability - all this combines products produced under this trademark.
- "Patriot". One of the oldest American trademarks. The quality of products produced by this company is checked by generations. The domestic buyer under this brand is more famous for reliable and convenient chainsaws. But the pumping equipment is not inferior to them.
- "Salpeda". Recognized champion in the global market. Italian company It is famous for good technical traditions. All equipment is performed using high-precision technology.
- Quattro Elementi. Another famous Italian brand representing high-quality equipment. A company based on like-minded engineers makes focus on reliability and maintainability of products.
Board models for watering the garden of these trademarks can be purchased at a price of 5.5 thousand rubles. More powerful surface and submersible aggregates will cost 6 thousand and higher. And average power - within 9 thousand rubles.
Choosing products of famous trademarks, even in case of breakdowns to find spare parts for them, it will be much easier, and in the repair of the master take them more willingly
Among the companies that are only increasing their potential, but have already deserved a positive reputation in a wide range of consumers, it is also worth allocating " Makita."And" GARDENA».
Domestic trademarks
Popular brands of domestic pumping equipment:
- "Vortex".Leading russian manufacturer. The main advantage of the products is convenience in operation, noiselessness in operation and minimum hydraulic losses in the process of pumping.
- "Dzhelex".The Russian company produces reliable pumps that can be used both pure and low-grade water for watering.
- "Gardener".Products manufactured by this brand successfully combines affordable price With worthy quality. Compact centrifugal devices easily cope with contaminated water.
The price of centrifugal submersible pumps of these brands starts with a mark of 4 thousand rubles. Drainage aggregates of medium power are from 5 thousand and higher.
The budget models of domestic production and are widely popular. The price of products fluctuates within 1.5-2 thousand rubles.
But it is worth noting that they are very sensitive to voltage fluctuations in the power grid. To work in our conditions it is better to choose centrifugal models, Behind which such sin is not noticed.
.If the device is calculated for pumping clean water, it is not worth omitting it to the reservoir with rain. The fallen leaves and sand quickly scroll filters and disrupt the device. And the manufacturer will not be to blame for this, but only an unhealthy owner.
Do you experience the use of pumping equipment for watering garden beds? Please share information with our readers, tell what the pump you use. You can leave comments in the form below.