Surface pumps are distinguished by their small size, ease of maintenance, relatively low cost and economical energy consumption. It is much easier to install a surface pump on your own than to install a deep one. However, success is guaranteed only in case of strict adherence to the manufacturer's instructions and the recommendations of specialists.
There are two types of surface electric pumps on sale: vortex and centrifugal.
- Vortex ones provide uninterrupted water supply with increasing pressure, they are used for watering vegetable gardens and quickly pumping out the contents of wells and barrels. Vortex-type devices are sensitive to debris - they cannot be used in polluted water bodies.
- Centrifugal pumps are characterized by high efficiency and are suitable for organizing water supply on an ongoing basis. Self-priming models are not afraid of air congestion and the formation of air bubbles in the system.
Electrical devices for pumping water can also be divided into stationary and portable. Stationary models are installed in water supply systems, and mobile ones are used for irrigation and drainage of flooded cellars and basements.
Connecting a surface pump to a well or well
Important! Installation of a surface pump is possible only in wells and boreholes with a depth of no more than 8-9 meters. Deeper mines require a submersible tool.
The easiest way is to connect mobile equipment to a country well, which is used exclusively for irrigation. It is more difficult to connect a stationary pumping station to an autonomous water supply system. This will be discussed further.
In addition to the electric pump, to connect it to the water supply system at home, you must have:
- supply and output pipes or rigid hoses with a section of 32 or 25 mm, the length of the pipe is calculated so that the lower end is immersed in water for at least 30 cm, while the total length should not exceed the size indicated in the passport to the device;
- connecting fittings;
- storage tank with a volume of 30-60 liters;
- flexible hoses for connecting the tank to the pump;
- 5-pin adapter for the second output;
- pressure switch;
- pressure gauge.
In order to reduce the number of starts, a self-priming surface pump is recommended to be connected to a storage tank and an automatic start-up control system. The storage tank also acts as a hydraulic accumulator that regulates the pressure in the pressure head system and protects it from water hammer.
Many manufacturers produce ready-made pumping stations, which include all the necessary equipment. If a separate device was purchased, the missing components will have to be purchased additionally.
Surface pumps are always mounted on land - under no circumstances should water get into the body of the device. Ideally, the electric pump should be mounted as close to the well or well as possible. The room should be dry, relatively warm (with a positive temperature) and well ventilated. It is possible to install a pumping station in the basement, but in this case you will have to put up with constant noise.
To place the device near the well, small buildings are erected or equipment is placed in underground caissons - concrete, plastic or metal insulated structures with ventilation, equipped around the casing of the well. Caissons are built below the level of soil freezing. In this case, water pipes to the house are laid in a trench, also dug in non-freezing soil layers.
Instructions for connecting to autonomous water supply
This step-by-step description of how to properly install a surface pump in an autonomous water supply system is relevant for all types of pumping equipment. Failure to do so can lead to breakdowns and accidents.
- Before connecting the surface pump to the water supply system, it is fixed to a fixed base with bolts. To neutralize vibrations, it is recommended to use a rubber mat or special foot caps as a cushion.
- A hose is connected to the outlet, to the other side of which a check valve and a coarse filter are connected, sealing the connections with a special tape or linen.
- Outgoing pipes leading to the water supply are connected to the second outlet, located in the upper part of the body.
- The check valve is submerged in the water while maintaining a slight slope in the pipe or hose line from the valve to the pump.
- In the next step, the system is filled with water through the outlets or filler plug. It is important to bleed all air from the system!
- Next, connect the pressure head with wiring around the house. At this stage, close the filler hole and check the pressure in the accumulator (tank). If the pressure does not correspond to that specified in the instructions, it should be increased (pumped up) or decreased (lowered).
- Having clearly completed all the steps, the electrical equipment is plugged into the outlet and started. The switched on pump should start and fill the system and the hydraulic accumulator with water.
- Turning off the engine indicates that the pressure in the system has reached a maximum (from 1.5 to 3 atmospheres).
- Now you can open the tap and make sure that the installation is working.
- If, when the valve is open, the pressure does not correspond to the parameters prescribed in the instructions, it is necessary to adjust the operation of the relay.
Installation features for other water supply systems
Even after reading the recommendations on how to properly install a surface self-priming pump in a well or well, difficulties may arise when connecting equipment to other sources. These tips will come in handy for those who are going to automate the supply of water from a column or storage barrel.
It's not too late to think about how to connect a surface pump to a column, even after installing a hand pump. It is recommended not to dismantle the manual control, but to supplement it with automation.
In order for both devices to work, you need to cut under the column check valve, install a tee with a check valve and connect an electric pump through a rigid pipe. It is better to replace the check valve on the column or install another one on the tee to prevent air from sucking in from the column side. A ball valve is cut in between the hand pump and the nozzle.
The principle of operation of the combined column is simple: first, the column is raised above the ball valve with a hand pump, then it is closed and the electric pump is started. It is important that there is always water in the "glass" of the column; if necessary, it must be added.
Irrigation barrels help out in summer cottages and suburban areas, and the use of a pump greatly simplifies the difficult work of the gardener. The electric pump not only automatically supplies water, but also creates the necessary pressure. It is easy to find inexpensive, simplified barrel equipment and improved automatic garden models that work with micro-drip irrigation systems on sale.
Before connecting the surface pump to the barrel, it is necessary to connect hoses for water intake and irrigation to the device. Rubber hoses will not work for this purpose - they will simply shrink from the pressure of the water and will not be able to perform their task. The device is installed on the ground, as close to the container as possible. Only hoses are lowered into the water - the body of the device must remain out of the reach of splashes. After completion, the pump is stored in a dry place.
Especially for summer residents, they came up with compact barrel models - they are installed on the edge of a container with water. These handy devices are equipped with filters and pressure regulators. Hoses are almost always included in the kit.
Detailed video instructions for installing a surface pump
It is not difficult to understand the operation of irrigation devices, but you can start to independently install a surface pump for water supply at home only after carefully studying the manufacturer's instructions. If there is a lot of incomprehensible information in it, you should not risk it, it is better to entrust this complex process to professionals.
Surface pumps for wells allow pumping water from a shallow depth, which is important for owners of country houses and summer cottages.
We will talk about the features and main characteristics of these devices, and demonstrate how to install a surface pump in a well.
Surface pump
purpose and device
Surface pumps work on the principle of sucking in water by creating a vacuum at the end of a suction hose, which is lowered into the water at the other end. So, there is a difference in pressures at different ends of the hose, and with a full vacuum at the suction, it will be the value of atmospheric pressure, in other words, about 760 mm of mercury.
If we replace the mercury column with a water column, then the height for the column will be 10.3 meters, which means that with a full vacuum on the suction side, water can rise no more than 10.3 meters.
Taking into account the losses due to friction of water against the pipe walls and incomplete vacuum in the system, a large height of water rise in order for the pump to be no more than 9 meters, and suddenly take into account the horizontal part of the suction pipe, it turns out that the real working height will be 7 - 8 meters.
Note! When calculating the parameters, it is directed to take into account the distance from the well of the surface pump. Here the following formula will be appropriate: Y = 4 (8-X), where Y is the length of the horizontal part of the pipe, X is the suction head. In other words, four meters of the horizontal section is equivalent to one meter of lift.
Note! From the above calculation, it is possible to conclude that a surface pump is recommended for lifting water to a height of 8 meters. This allows this device to be used for water intake from open reservoirs, surface wells and sand wells.
By design, external pumps are divided into three main types:
- Vortex. The most compact and inexpensive devices, talented to create high pressure in the system, but they have a low efficiency - no more than 45%. They are mainly used for pumping and irrigating water from flooded premises, but low efficiency and low reliability do not allow recommending this type of equipment as a permanent unit for an autonomous water supply system;
- Centrifugal. More expensive and high-quality devices, which create, although less than that of vortex ones, fully sufficient pressure to ensure the operation of the water supply system. They have a high efficiency factor - up to 92% - with sufficient reliability for permanent use, which allows the use of this type of equipment in the operation of pumping stations for water supply;
- Ejector. They have two water circulation circuits: in the first circuit, the liquid is supplied to the ejector nozzle, where, due to the Bernoulli result, a pressure difference is created and water is sucked in from the environment - the second circuit. This solution allows you to lower the ejector to a depth and solve the issue of limiting the suction height, but at the moment more efficient submersible units are used for these purposes, the price / quality level of which is higher.
As you can see, the most practical were centrifugal pump designs, based on this we will dwell on them in more detail.
The centrifugal unit is arranged quite easily:
- Two discs are rigidly fixed on the gearbox drive shaft, one of which has a hole in the center;
- The hole communicates with the inter-disk space, where inclined plates are soldered, creating channels from the center of the space to its edges, which are connected with a collector tank (diffuser) communicating with the supply hose;
- A suction hose is connected to the hole in the center of the disc;
- If you fill the suction hose and the disc space with liquid and bring the gearbox drive into motion, then the blades inclined in the opposite direction to rotation will begin to push water from the center to the edges of the space between the discs due to centrifugal force;
- As a result, a vacuum will be created not far from the center of the wheel and the suction hole, and an area of increased pressure will be created not far from the edges and a diffuser communicating with the discharge hose;
- Under these conditions, the system will strive for equilibrium, and water will be pushed out by pressure from the storage tank at the edge of the wheel into the injection hose, along with this, a vacuum will appear in the center of the wheel, and liquid from the suction hose will rush in that direction under the influence of atmospheric pressure.
As a result, constant circulation is created and water is pumped from one point to another, which was required to be achieved. But to work in an autonomous water supply system at home from a well, a surface unit is not used independently, but a so-called pumping station is assembled, which is described in more detail in the next paragraph.
Pumping station
For normal operation of a surface pump as part of the water supply system of a residential building, it is connected to a storage tank and an automatic turn-on control system. This is necessary to reduce the number of starts of the unit per unit of time.
The fact is that when the power is turned on, peak values of the current strength appear on the motor winding, which are called inrush currents. These currents inflict a destructive effect on the device, based on this, from the standpoint of the working life of the electric motor, it is much better so that it works with the smallest number of start-off cycles.
Otherwise, the constant operation of the pump is unnecessary and economically disadvantageous, since it consumes a large amount of energy and empties the well. Of course, it is necessary to create a certain supply of pressure and water in the system, which will cover the constant on / off switching of plumbing devices and taps, and only when this pressure falls below certain values, the pump will turn on and restore the reserve.
Accordingly, when a certain peak value of pressure in the storage tank is reached, the pump will automatically turn off.
So we came to the device of the pumping station, and its main parts are:
Note! With a sufficient volume of the storage receiver, the system will rarely turn on the pump, which will significantly extend its life, and extend the life of the motor starters and terminal blocks. In addition, peak pressure values and characteristic water shocks will not appear in the water supply system, which will secure pipe connections and shut-off valves.
Connecting the pumping station to the well
If you are going to connect a surface pump to a well with your own hands, our step-by-step instructions will help you:
- The pumping station (or separately the pump) is installed on a solid fixed base and the legs are fixed with bolts or anchors. It is advised to lay a rubber mat under the installation to reduce the vibration activity of the apparatus;
- The outlet (supply) port of the pump is connected to the inch outlet of the five-outlet fitting with a hose or directly;
- In addition, the accumulator tank is connected to the inch outlet of the fitting by means of a soft hose or directly;
- The remaining inch hole of the fitting is connected to the internal water pipe of the house;
- To the hole? an inch a pressure gauge is screwed on the fitting;
- The pressure switch is connected to the remaining unoccupied last hole of the fitting;
- The suction port of the pump is connected to a water intake pipe;
- The end of the water intake pipe is equipped with a filter and a check valve for rough water purification and lowered into a well (the distance to the bottom is not less than a meter);
- The pump power cord is connected to the normally open terminals of the pressure switch, and the relay itself is connected to a 220 V power outlet;
- The working space of the pump is filled with water through a special hole in the housing and the device is started up;
- The taps in the house are closed and waiting for the tank to fill. At the time when the tank is full and the pump is turned off, the cut-off pressure is measured on the pressure gauge;
- After that, the taps are unlocked and the water is drained until the pump turns on again. The switch-on pressure is detected;
- Finally, the obtained pressure values are compared with the passport data of the receiver and, if necessary, the pressure switch is adjusted.
Note! All joints of the fitting with the pipes should be supplied with couplings with union nuts, and between the tank and the fitting, as well as between the water pipe and the fitting, insert ball valves.
Output
Surface pumps are widely used in autonomous water supply systems for supplying water from wells and shallow wells. Through our management, you can independently connect and set up a system for delivering water from a well or other source. A deeper study of the issue is possible through the video in this article.
The basic principle of operation of surface pumps for water supply is that such units do not sink into the water. Only the water inlet hose is in contact with the water. Such units are used for the following purposes: ensuring the operation of autonomous water supply systems in summer cottages and country houses; garden watering.
Among all types of pumping products, surface water pumps are distinguished by their simplicity in design and operation. Due to its small dimensions, it can be easily moved and installed in the right place, for example, surface pumps for giving 220 volts will be very convenient.
1 General characteristics
Surface water pumps are used for irrigation, filling tanks with water, and water supply for country houses.
If you have a question of choosing: a submersible or surface pump, remember that the main selection criterion should be the depth of water. The maximum depth from which the surface suction pump 220 V is capable of sucking in liquid is 8 meters. Therefore, it is not suitable for deep wells. But it can be perfectly used for transporting water from reservoirs (ponds, rivers, lakes) and shallow wells. It is also suitable for pumping water out of basements.
If such a unit was used to pump contaminated liquid, it should be flushed immediately after completion of work. It is important to remember that such a pump is not designed to work with chemically aggressive liquids and liquids with an admixture of solid particles. To prevent the ingress of solid impurities into the device, a water filter must be installed at the inlet. In order to clean or replace the filter, you do not need to open the housing of the unit.
As for the materials from which the body of such devices is made, they can be as follows: cast iron, stainless steel, plastic.
Pumps with cast iron casing have high reliability and quiet operation. They are characterized by low cost. But with prolonged downtime, the first portions of water can be given out with rust.
Stainless steel machines are very reliable. They keep the water clean, but at the same time they work more noisily than cast iron ones and are more expensive.
The plastic pump casing allows pumping liquid with a temperature not exceeding 50C. They do not rust, work silently, are lightweight, and have a low price. Moreover, they are more susceptible to mechanical damage.
1.1 Types of surface models
According to the suction principle, such units are divided into two types:
- Normally absorbable.
- Self-priming.
For the first to function, it is necessary to fill the 220 V electric pump and the pipeline with water. A hand pump can be used. A check valve is installed at the inlet of such a unit, which does not allow water to go back into the well (river). Sometimes this valve prevents water from filling the pump housing. In this case, you need to unscrew the plug, the surface of which is at the top of the device.
When using the self-priming device, only the pump housing must be filled with water. The pipeline does not need to be filled. This type of apparatus has an ejector system in which a zone of reduced pressure is formed. Thanks to this, we have a greater suction effect.
According to the mode of action, the following types of surface pumps are distinguished:
- Vortex.
- Centrifugal.
Vortex pumps are characterized by their small dimensions, which does not require a lot of space for their installation. The principle of operation is simple: the motor transmits rotation to the shaft, which, in turn, makes the wheel with blades rotate. The rotational energy of the engine is transferred to the pumped liquid, and due to the compression of the water in the pump, its outlet pressure increases. At the same speed of rotation of the impeller, the first vortex pump creates a pressure 3-7 times higher than that of a centrifugal pump.
Vortex-type units are self-priming, which facilitates operation, since it is not necessary to fill the supply pipe with water before starting work.
Among the disadvantages is low efficiency - no more than 45%. In addition, such units are not suitable for pumping water with a large amount of impurities: this will lead to rapid wear of wheels and blades. In principle, centrifugal pumps are similar to vortex pumps, only the circulation of the liquid occurs due to centrifugal force, and not due to the movement of the blades.
They are used for pumping liquids with a low content of impurities. They work well even when air congestion and bubbles form in the water supply system. Centrifugal pumps use built-in or external ejectors that both evacuate air from the fluid supply system before starting work, and are also used to increase pressure.
Centrifugal pumps are somewhat more expensive than vortex pumps due to the large number of stages.
1.2 Selecting a surface-mounted unit
Before you start choosing a pump, you need to decide for what purpose you need it. For irrigation of flower beds or a vegetable garden, a unit with a lower capacity is suitable than for autonomous water supply systems. To water the plants, a productivity of 1 cubic meter per hour will be sufficient. To meet the household needs of a family of 3-4 people, the productivity of the apparatus should be about 3 cubic meters / hour.
You also need to take into account such a characteristic as the suction depth. On average, it is 8 meters. The further the 220 V pump is from the water source, the lower its actual suction depth will be. For calculations, use the formula 1: 4 - 1 meter vertically equals 4 meters horizontally. For example, when the unit is removed from the water source by 8 meters, its real suction depth will decrease by 2 meters, and as a result it will no longer be 8, but 6 meters.
The next indicator you need to know is pressure. The unit of measurement is a meter of water column. Typically, pumps that serve the needs of country houses have a head of 30-80 m (or 3-8 atmospheres, since 1 atmosphere equals 10 m of water column).
The required head depends on the distance between the pump and the farthest point where the water will be supplied. It is considered that 100 m horizontally equals 10 m vertically.
The difference in levels between the point where the pump is located and the top point of the water source also affects. If there is a hydraulic accumulator available that maintains the pressure in the system, then this will be the difference in levels between the pump and the accumulator.
In addition, the maximum pressure to which the pilot pressure switch is set must be reached. Often this is 2.8-3.5 atm.
An example of calculating the head: the difference in heights between the accumulator and the pump near the well (the well is located in the lowland) is 5 m. The distance to the well is 50 m. Max. pressure in the water supply system - 3 atm. Calculation: 5 + 5 + 30 + 10 = 50 m water column.
Another criterion for selecting a pump is the mains voltage. If it is low in your country house, then it is better to choose a more powerful pump, than required by the above parameters. Otherwise, at a time when the voltage is low, the performance of the device may be lower than you need.
1.3 Where and how to install?
When choosing a place to install this device, one should take into account the following factors: the ambient temperature should not be lower than 0 degrees; air humidity must correspond to that specified in the technical specifications; the suction depth does not exceed 8 m.
If you will use the device only in the warm season, then connecting a surface pump is possible next to the well, under a canopy. The water supply pipe can also be placed directly on the ground. In winter, this unit will have to be dismantled and moved to a warm, dry place.
To simplify the task, you can install this unit in a room that is heated in winter (you can install it in the house, but you should take into account the noise level) or in a deep pit, where heat will be maintained from the natural temperature of the soil.
1.4 Equipment of the caisson (pit)
If you decide to place the pump in a pit near the well, keep in mind that its depth should be half a meter below the level of freezing of the ground. Often it is 1.5-2 m. The caisson should be large enough for the equipment to be easily installed in it.
In the pit, equip a concrete bottom and waterproof walls. The walls can also be made of bricks, but then from the outside you need to protect the brick from the ground with two layers of rubiroid. A clay castle is being built around the caisson - a towering waterproofing structure that does not allow melt or rainwater to flood the pit.
From above, the caisson must be covered with a waterproof lid, which will ensure the water drain. For good insulation, the cover should have at least 5 cm of expanded polystyrene. In addition to installing the pump, a branch is made in the pit for filling the pump with a filling funnel in case the water supply from the reserve in the house fails.
When installing such a unit in a caisson, it is recommended to ensure a uniform slope of the suction pipe towards the water source. This prevents air pockets from forming in the piping. The emergency priming point must be higher than the highest point on the suction line.
1.5 Connecting the device
Before using the pump, the following must be done:
- connect the suction line with a strainer and a non-return valve to the pump hermetically;
- lower the end of the pipe into the water;
- fill the line and the body of the unit with water (this can be done using a manual pump);
- check for water leaks and air locks;
- connect the 220 V pump to the water supply or irrigation system through the supply pipe.
2 Model characteristics
Let's take a look at some of the most common surface pump models.
2.1 Surface unit PN 370
Vortex PN 370 is used for watering garden plots. The structure has a flat base, specially designed for easy installation of the unit.
Specifications:
- productivity: 45 l / m;
- power: 370 W;
- suction depth: 9m;
- lifting height: 30m;
- max liquid temperature: 50 ° С;
- body material: cast iron;
- dimensions: 260x165x185 mm.
2.2 PN 650
Vortex PN 650 is used for the operation of the irrigation system and for drainage of pools. Has a flat base. The admissible rate of solid particles in the pumped medium is 150g / sq.m.
Specifications:
- productivity: 55 l / m;
- power: 650 W;
- suction depth: 9m;
- lifting height: 45m;
- max liquid temperature: 35 ° С;
- body material: cast iron;
- dimensions: 350 × 270x245mm.
2.3 Leo EKSm 60 - 1
This vortex self-priming pump is designed to transport water from wells and other reservoirs, to operate the irrigation system, supply water to the upper floors of multi-storey buildings, as well as increase the pressure in the automatic water supply system. Very sensitive to small particles. Their penetration into the unit leads to rapid wear of the parts. Therefore it is necessary to use special filters.
Specifications:
- productivity: 35 l / m;
- power: 370 W;
- suction depth: 9m;
- lifting height: 40m;
- body material: cast iron.
2.4 Overview of Aquario models (video)
During the installation of equipment for wells, submersible structures are often used. But surface aggregates are also often used. The described structures are not immersed in water, therefore, their body is not exposed to the negative effects of the environment. Surface devices are divided into vortex and centrifugal. The first type of devices is used to lift water with increasing pressure, and the second are designed to lift fluid from shallow wells. It is worth remembering that if an artesian well is created on the site, it is worth purchasing more expensive and powerful equipment, since only powerful units are capable of lifting water from a depth of more than 20 meters.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Surface Mechanisms
In the case when a shallow well was drilled on the site, it is the surface devices that are used. Such mechanisms have many advantages when compared with deep electric pumps:
The disadvantages of the described electric pumps include the ability to work only at shallow depths. Also, the disadvantage is that for the normal operation of the device, it is necessary to install special filtering equipment. If this is not done, the mechanism may fail.
Before turning on the surface pump, make sure that during operation it does not start pumping air. Also, the disadvantages include a high noise level during pump operation. It is worth remembering that surface self-priming pumps can only be installed in insulated structures.
How to choose
Before choosing an electric pump for a well on a site, you need to find out about the criteria on the basis of which it is worth purchasing such products. First of all, you need to know how much water will be pumped daily. To supply water to a country house, a more powerful pump will be required than a structure for water supply to a greenhouse.
During the selection, the following data must be taken into account:
- If 4 people live in the house for which the mechanism is being purchased, it is worth choosing a device that pumps 3 cubic meters of water per hour. This volume is enough for the whole family. If it is necessary to pump water also to supply water to the greenhouse and vegetable garden, the consumption is doubled.
- When installing a surface mechanism to provide a town house with water, you need to purchase devices with a capacity of more than 5 cubic meters.
The well for the surface pump, which is created on the site, must have a depth of less than 20 meters. If the depth is greater, you need to look at more powerful types of devices. Centrifugal pumps are usually purchased for wells deeper than 25 meters.
How does the installation work?
The installation of the electric pump is quite simple. In order to start using the device, you only need to choose a place for installation, and then connect the pipes. It is not necessary to hire specialists to carry out such work, but to install the pump, you must have a minimum of experience with plumbing equipment.
The pump is installed as follows:
- At the first stage, there is a choice of a place for the installed equipment. It is best to prepare a separate structure for installation. It is worth placing it near the well. It is worth remembering that it is necessary to insulate the created structure.
- After this, a concrete foundation for the mechanism is created. Metal fasteners for the described equipment are installed in the base. Metal studs help neutralize the load that is constantly acting on the structure during operation. If the equipment is not protected, vibration can render it unusable in a short time. At the same stage, the installation of a surface electric pump takes place.
- Then the equipment is installed, with the help of which the control over the unit is carried out. Many automation systems are pre-configured and ready to install. If you have knowledge, you can assemble the pump control unit in parts. If you are not familiar with the device of such mechanisms, you should not assemble them yourself. The structure of such a block includes sensors, as well as control relays that control the water level and other parameters. When the water supply is interrupted, the relays help to stop the pump.
- The next step is to connect the pump pipe to the water supply system. During the connection, it is necessary to install a non-return valve on the pipeline. This device prevents the water from overflowing and draining after the pump is turned off.
- Then the expansion tank is installed. Before starting the connection, it is worth checking the pressure in the chamber. This indicator must correspond to that declared by the manufacturer. If the pressure does not match, it must first be adjusted.
- At the last stage, the cables for the installed surface electric pump are connected. At the same time, it is important to make a dedicated line for supplying electricity.
Having made the connection of the surface pump to the well, it is necessary to check its operability before turning it on for constant pumping of water.
The surface water pump gets its name from the installation method. A distinctive feature and advantage of this type of pump is its placement on the surface, only the inlet hose is lowered into the water.
A big plus of the pump is the simplicity of installation and maintenance; at the same time, the pump's disadvantages include a small (up to 10 meters) suction depth.
In other words, the pump can lift water from the reservoir at a depth of no more than 10 meters. This type of pump is often used in pump station equipment.
This limitation determines the scope. The pump is ideal for a summer residence, as well as it will show itself well in supplying a cottage with water from a well or well.
Due to their characteristics, pumps are widely used for pumping water from tanks, for example, for filling or draining water from a pool, pumping water from a flooded basement, etc.
The surface well centrifugal pump is especially popular with most homeowners. Indeed, unlike a submersible borehole pump, a surface pump is easier to install and much more convenient to maintain. With the help of such a pump, it is possible not only to pump water, but also to create optimal pressure in the water supply system.
Surface well pumps are designed for relatively shallow depths, about 8-9 meters, which can be increased by installing an ejector.
The ejector in the pump is a special structural unit that is necessary for more efficient fluid delivery. The principle of operation of the ejector in the pump is based on the creation of a rarefaction (vacuum) zone inside the housing, where water rises.
Surface well water pumps are not designed to pump liquids, even with minimal contamination. In addition, it should be borne in mind that the electric motor of most units is not protected from water and must be operated under load. So if the pump does not have a self-priming effect, there should always be water in it.
To start the pump, a hose is connected to it. A check valve is mounted on the other end of the hose and the entire structure is lowered into the well. Particular attention should be paid to the tightness of the check valve, in case of depressurization, the pump will stop working.
Self-priming surface pump for wells
The surface self-priming pump pumps water from the surface. For such a pump to work at the time of start-up, it does not have to be filled with water. Water rises due to the fact that in the central part of the body, due to the movement of the wheels with blades, a low pressure area is created. Trying to fill this area, the water rises upward, creating a suction effect.
Being on the surface, the pump is connected to the source with special fittings - a pipe immersed in water below the dynamic liquid level of a well or well. On the discharge pipe of a self-priming pump, you can install a special unit - an ejector.
The ejector increases the degree of vacuum at the end of the suction pipe, thanks to which water can be raised from a much greater depth - about 15 meters.
The self-priming surface pump with an installed ejector is quite noisy, so it is advisable to place such a unit away from living quarters. Currently, it is possible to use equipment with a remote ejector, such pumps operate almost silently, but with a significantly reduced performance.
A surface-mounted dirty water pump is another of the most common uses. Such pumps are used in most cases for:
drainage of basements in residential buildings;
drainage of cellars and cellars in the private sector;
pumping out dirty water from drainage, storage and sewerage wells;
drainage of fountains, pools, artificial reservoirs or ponds;
drainage of foundation pits at construction sites;
application in industrial facilities for pumping waste water.
Surface circulation pump for dirty water is used for pumping wastewater from rooms, reservoirs, reservoirs and reservoirs with dirty water with a particle size of no more than 15 millimeters. In addition, specialized models of surface pumps for dirty water are capable of pumping a medium with the presence of chemically non-aggressive substances, in relation to the materials from which the pump parts are made.
The surface pump can be stationary or mobile. In the first version, the pump is mounted for permanent or frequent use. For example, for pumping storm water or for watering a vegetable garden
In the second case, a mobile movement of the pump is assumed. Such models are designed as portable or equipped with special wheels for transportation and are used in rare or emergency situations, for example, draining a pool or pumping water from a cellar.
The household surface pump for dirty water is divided into faecal and drainage.
Surface drainage pumps are used in the case of pumping water from pits or basements - where the liquid is not too contaminated.
Surface sewage pumps are used when it is necessary to pump out highly contaminated liquid. Such equipment is equipped with special cutting devices for crushing coarse dirt.
Construction types of surface pumps
Any structurally consists of three blocks:
Pump motor
Hydraulic block, the place where fluid injection into the pipe is created
Pump control, the block in which the pump controls are located.
Surface pumps They have a simple design and consist of a shaft on which an impeller with blades is fixed and an electric motor that turns the shaft. This whole system is located inside the body, which is fixed to the bed. A mesh filter is attached to the suction pipeline located in the tank from which the pump pumps water to retain sand and other suspended matter.
All pumps are divided into 2 types: vortex and centrifugal.
Surface vortex pump
This species has less power and is able to work only at shallow depths. It is often used when the water pressure is insufficient. The surface vortex pump is able to increase the pressure several times. The advantages of the equipment include, first of all, the simplicity of the design (and hence the ease of care and maintenance) and the relatively low cost (in contrast to other types of similar equipment).
The disadvantages of a vortex pump include low efficiency, about 45%, as well as sensitivity to solid inclusions in the pumped water (for example, sand), which quickly leads to breakage of the impeller blade. In this regard, vortex pumps are not suitable for pumping water from wells and reservoirs with a silted and sandy bottom.
Centrifugal pumps
This type of surface pumps will come in handy, by the way, if you need more powerful and efficient equipment. Such a pump has a much higher efficiency and is suitable for supplying water from a pond or shallow well (approximately 10 m). To increase the suction depth, an ejector (external or built-in) is additionally used.
The advantages of centrifugal pumps are small size and weight, the ability to operate in the presence of air locks in the pipeline, the ability to self-priming. In the overwhelming majority of cases, they are used to provide water to a private house or cottage and / or to take water from shallow wells.
The surface multistage pump is another modification of the centrifugal unit. It is equipped with several impellers and is capable of showing a high head value at the required flow.
How to choose a surface pump
Surface pumps are selected based on two characteristics:
Consumption pump determines the amount of water you need. For a family of three, on average, using a shower (bath) is about 10 liters per minute, a tap in the kitchen is 7 liters per minute, a toilet is 5 liters per minute, the maximum flow rate will be 22 liters per minute. For a family of four, with the same needs, an average of 30 liters per minute is required, i.e. 1.8 m 3 / hour.
Aggression. To calculate the required pressure, he adds the height of the house in meters and the back pressure of 5 meters, then we multiply it by a margin of 15%. Let's say the height of the house is 10 meters, then you need a pump with a pressure of (10 + 5) * 1.15 at least 16 meters.
Having decided on the choice of a certain model, it is necessary to provide for the place of his work. If it is a garden surface irrigation pump that is installed for just a couple of hours, then a flat area near the source is suitable for installing it.
If you have chosen a surface pump to supply water from a well, then you will also need to take into account the temperature at the installation site - such equipment must be placed indoors.
Where to buy a surface pump
Manufacturers of modern pumps.
There are quite a few manufacturers on the market of modern pumps today. The most popular, reliable and high-quality pumps are considered to be Wilo, Grundfos, DAB, Whirlwind and Jileks Jumbo.
In our catalog, we have prepared the best surface pumps that you can easily select by such parameters as pressure, flow, price, power, brand, etc.
Video: spare parts and repair of a surface pump.
Sooner or later, any technique wears out. Each manufacturer in the technical documentation for his product indicates the service life, as well as a list of possible malfunctions and methods for eliminating breakdowns.
In an open market, repairing and finding the necessary spare parts for a surface pump will not be difficult for any owner.