Water accumulating during the rain or from melting snow near the house can lead to its flooding and destruction of the base. So that this does not happen, the storm sewer is required in a private house.
In addition, it is required to accumulate water resources in the regions with a dry climate. As well as for the discharge of extra moisture from vegetation at the local area. It can be easily mounted enough.
Storm sewage in a private house: device
Drainage is a system with which the collection and filtration of waist and rainwater accumulating in a special reservoir occurs. Then they are used as technical water.
Trays or rainmobiles for storm sewering by drainage methods are divided into:
- closed type;
- open;
- combined type.
An open and closed storm sewer in a private house consider part of the track. In the first case (simple point sewage) from the roof along the waterproof water enters the tray. In the second (closed) version, water enters the sword tube, then into the collector for collecting water. They directly assemble closed trays, leaving only grilles on the surface. Through them moisture goes to the underground pipeline. This type is used at large perimeters of the building.
For open storm sewers in a private house use external water reservation. They are open and installed on the surface.
According to the design, they do not differ from closed, but they are poured more often, so more care is needed. Apply such or small cottage. There is also a third type of storm drainage system - mixed or combined. The features of the internal and outdoor drainage are combined here. In it, one part of the lavety is carried out by closed drains, the other - open.
Elements of drainage
Drainage drains and water supply systems are from:
- plastic;
- concrete;
- cast iron;
- alloy steel;
- aluminum.
Plastic and steel materials are used to arrange storm sewage sewage in a private house, since they are reliable in operation and easy to install.
The storm sewage system consists of:
- gutters and rain-seekers;
- collectors for collecting water.
Gutter and rain-seekers
This is the initial link of the system, with which wastewater falls into the drain and pipeline. When choosing a material, preference should be given to concrete or plastic, since the metal is very noisy under the impacts of rain and gusts of the wind, if not buried to the ground. In addition, they are subject to corrosion. Concrete is more reliable and has a long service life. However, such gutters are rigidly regulated sizes and it is not always possible to install them on the site. Plastic is easily cut and combined, and the rain-seeker can have a different depth of the well. With an existing breakfast, they can be easily mounted without dismantling it.
Filters
Designed for detaining stones, leaves, sand, branches and other garbage that can clog pipes. The lattices allow less often to clean the storm sewer, eliminate the risk to be stupid. Cast iron as a lattice manufacturing material is reliable, but requires painting every 2 years. Steel quickly rust. 
Aluminum can be considered an optimal option because it has a long operational period and stylishly looks. However, it is somewhat more expensive.
The dimensions of the holes should not be very small, as there should be a lot of water at once, but also not large, otherwise the garbage will penetrate into the system and lead to its clogging.
Network pipes
Pipes carry the flow to the water collection point. If they are made of PVC, this is the perfect solution for the storm sewage device. Their smooth surface eliminates the risk of hacking. Their diameter is 100-150 mm.
Water collector
The collector enters the closed and mixed system of the lavety and is a tank to receive the main flow of water. A similar well can be equipped with sand-gravel pillows and concrete rings or a concrete ring with a bottom for the use of fluid in the future. The plastic well is collected from PVC forms. It is perfect for those territories where the soil waters lie superficially. Watering occurs with the use of a pipeline system, as well as moisture can be used in economic purposes.
Instead of the collector, it is permissible to make drainage from a special perforated plastic capacity with a discharge of water into the ground, placing it horizontally and drowning into the sand. Through the moisture holes will gradually leak into the sand and go deep into the depth.
In addition, the lavender device can be supplemented with a folding pallet installed near the porch with the inlet door, pipes for soil waterboards, hatch for access to the system.
Operating principle
The main principle of sewage operation is the observance of Samotek, for which such factors are required to take into account:
- Location Building to determine the length of the pipes of the mountaineering around the house.
- Relief features of terrain.
- The climate and the amount of precipitation in order to determine the volume and number of wells and pipes.
Under the average annual amount of precipitation 60-90 cubic meters. M pipe diameter should be 11-12 cm.
The installation scheme of storm trays in the courtyard of the house depends on the type of precipitation. It happens linear or point.
The plan for the placement of the system should be thought out when designing a house so that the drains are displayed in a straight line, and there were fewer cleaning problems.
The scheme indicates the locations of communications, drive, equipment and outline outline. When combining drainage and landing in the sewer, a more serious approach and a geodesic study of the territory with the purpose of identifying the level of groundwater will be required. It will give the opportunity to determine the most convenient place for the drive and laying drainage.
Installation
Before making the installation, the territory marking in order to determine the location of the trench. If turns are needed, they need to be done at right angles and in these places make sighting hatches.
The device of terrestrial channels, trays and gutters should be carried out in open areas of the site. When installing the pump, the soil should be tamped to prevent the soil segment.
Pipes are paved with a slope of 1 cm per 1 m length.
It is better to apply them from PVC, since the material is not subject to corrosion. Place the pipes into the trench, in which the crushed stone and sand first pour out, spread geotextiles. 
Then the pipe is completely wrapped with geomaterial and fall asleep the trench with the soil. 
The compounds are performed by couplings suitable in size and type. 
Finally install the receiver. 
Installation is made with a slope towards the drive.
If the elements of the system are under functional zones (entry, parking), then additional gain will be required in the form of overlap with further sweeping ground.
Clean function
Storm drainage system, unlike septic, does not need deep cleaning. Water in this case can be discharged into the soil, the nearest stream, ravine or applied to watering.
At the same time, without disturbing sanitary and hygienic standards and soil ecology. But basic filtering is needed, for which sandplants are used, delaying various garbage, stones, leaves, and so on. Also, the pipes are periodically washed with a jet pressure with a pump. The stream can eliminate pollution in hard-to-reach places. The drive is cleaned separately using disinfectants.
The construction market offers all sorts of storm sewage options, so that you can apply any configuration. The most reliable is the trench system with the use of trays, wells, a collector filtering membranes. But it is provided for a large area, an open lavender is suitable for a small area around the perimeter of the house. Drainage can be connected to a sewer septic with multi-stage biological sewage treatment.
Only rain and melt waters in fine filtration do not need. For them, it is enough to equip the system with lattices and filters, but they need to be cleaned mechanically, otherwise the channels can be closed, causing flooding the territory.
Unusual Storm Sewerage DIY - Video
With the charms of a poorly working urban landing, your favorite shoes are good familiar well. Often, after a "dense" meeting with deep puddles accumulated on the asphalt, adorable shoes and shoes leave only pleasant memories of yes photographs. For a citizen loss of shoes - the maximum damage, the owner of the country house damage is applied larger. In order for the atmospheric water slowly, but persistently did not destroy the foundation, the basements did not bore, did not contribute to the rotation of the root plant of the plants on the site, water is required. Not too complicated storm sewers with their own hands can be organized by a performer who has nothing to do with construction specialties.
Purpose and specificity device of the lavety
Storm sewer is called a complex of devices and channels, carrying out the collection, filtering and removal of atmospheric moisture into filtration fields, special reservoirs, tanks. The task is to eliminate the excess moisture, creating discomfort, destroying structures and reduce the life cycle of plants.
Livnevka is a linear network that includes such standard elements as:
- rain-seekers represented by funnels, pallets, linear trays carrying out water collection;
- gutter, pipes, trays transporting water to sandwaves - filtering devices, and further to collectors, cuvetam, water bodies, to unloading fields;
- watching wells required to control the storm system;
filters, sandbags, retention particles of soil, vegetable fibers and trash that protect the network from pollution.
Livnevka is a set of channels and devices that perform the collection of excess atmospheric moisture, their filtering and removal first in the collector well, then to the discharge points
Variants of rainmobiles for the device Livnevka: left welded pallet, in the middle of the taking water from the drainage of the funnel, to the right of a chute with a sandwelt
All elements are combined into a holistic system operating on linear or point technology. If the storm sewage channels are laid in the ground, pipes are used for their facilities. In the surface dutches, a gutter and trays of plastic, asbestos or concrete are installed.
Important. To ensure the natural movement of rain and melt water to the places of filtering and unloading the pipe, trays, the gutters are stacked with a slope towards the waterboats and unloading places.
Classification by the method of collecting
Depending on the principle of collecting, according to which the storm sewage device is performed, all existing raverys are divided into two types.
- Point systems that include rain-seekers installed under the chutes of internal and outer drainage. Each taking atmospheric water is connected to the general highway. According to the technical conditions, rain-seekers are equipped with special lattices and sands, preventing penetration of the weighted particles of soil, plant residues, garbage.
Point Type of Livnevy: The rain-seeker is installed under the drainage of the waterfront, the funnel is equipped with a mesh for filtering and the internal basket for collecting sara
- Linear type of lavety, which is a network of channels laid underground or in slightly blurred trenches. Collecting and moving trays laid in the open way are also equipped with sandwokers and equipped with lattices. Only grilles are installed along the entire line. In contrast to the point scheme, the linear sewage collects water not only from roofing drains, but also from the tracks, from the platforms covered with concrete paved with paving bricks. This type of sewerage "covers" and processes more objects.
Linear diagram of the lavety can cover a large territory, remunement of the drains not only from the roof, but also from the comfortable sites, from the sidewalks, and from the sides of the house where there is no drainage due to the specifics of the scope design
Focusing on the design differences and the degree of territory coverage, the type of system is selected. However, these are not fundamental selection criteria. Mostly, the storm sewers in the country is arranged according to the experience of organizing and operating the storm sewers in a particular field. Stripping from it, determine the type of channel laying, and the depth of their embezzlement.
Preliminary calculations and design
The implementation of plans without payments is the money for the wind. If the system does not cope with the owner with the owner with the owner, it is not necessary to take place for its construction, and too powerful rave sewage seating of a private house "Eat" a lot of financial resources.
Video: Design and Mounting Rules
Required information
- Data on the averaged amount of precipitation recorded by meteorologists in a particular area. You can find them in Snip 2.04.03-85.
- The frequency of rains, the power of the snow cover, necessary for those who plan to use the system and for removing melt water.
- Stream area. For a point variety it is a roof area. And not a complete amount, and the value of its projection in the plane. For a linear system of runoff, the amount of the area of \u200b\u200ball processed objects will be.
- Physical and mechanical characteristics of soils available on the site.
- The presence and location of the available communications are already on the land.
Calculation of the volume of drains
The above accurate values \u200b\u200bof the amount and intensity of precipitation are the result of perennial studies of physical phenomena in the atmosphere of this area. You can find them in Snip or get in a local meteorological service. Further calculations are made according to the formula.
The formula for calculating the consumption of atmospheric water, as well as permanent values \u200b\u200bused in calculations and variables
The correction coefficient used in this formula:
- 0.4 for rubberized territories covered;
- 0.85 for concreted sites;
- 0.95 for asphalt plots and tracks;
- 1.0 for roofs.
Received the value of the volume, then the required diameter of the pipeline is determined by tables.
Channel laying depth
Pouring trays or channels from pipes are needed at the depth on which they usually fit in this region. Accurate importance can be found in a construction organization or ask for neighbors that have already equipped their plot of Livnevka. In the middle strip, the rain-end-drainage system is usually satisfied at a depth of 0.3 meters if the diameter of the pipeline or open trays will not be more than 50 cm. Trays and pipes with larger sizes are plugged with 0.7 m.
Important moment. If there is a drainage system on the site, the storm sewage is laid above the drainage.
If the drainage system has already been laid on the territory, the lavender is placed above
The high cost of earthworks usually does not stimulate the desire of professional installation customers strongly delve into the Earth. Even if it is decided to perform a storm sewage device with your own hands, there is no point to burn it too deeply. There is no reason to install collectors and observation wells below the seasonal freezing level, as Gosta is told. They can be arranged above, insulation with heat-insulating material - geotextiles and a layer of rubble, protecting the network from freezing. Due to minor bulk, the labor-intensity of work is significantly reduced.
The insulation of the storm sewage in the event of a minor bulletination is performed from the geotextile layer and the rubble layer, due to the protection of channels from the freezing, you can significantly save on earthworks
However, it is not necessary to forget that the channels for collecting and cleaning devices must be touched at an angle. So, the level of input location in the collector well should be lower than the level of the tray or pipe separated from the rain period. To accurately calculate the depth of their installation, you need to draw the plan of the site and taking into account the link channels to calculate everything.
The diagram of the lavety device, the channels of which are laid below the depth of freezing, the insulation geotextile protects in this case from the aggression of groundwater
Standards and slopes
GOST is regulated by the minimum bias for pipes with a 150-millimeter diameter of 0.008 (inclination in mm / m). Pipes with a section of 200 mm are placed at an angle of 0.007. Depending on the conditions of the section, the slopes of pipes can change slightly. The largest bias of 0.02 in the zone of the channel connection to the rain period, since in this place it is necessary to increase the speed of the water of water. In front of the sands collectors, the flow rate should slow down so that suspended particles can "settle down", the angle of inclination there is the smallest.
Devices for collecting water in the systems of an enclosure type with rain-seeing funnels are installed at the point of intersection of slopes.
The process and specificity of the mounting of the lavety
The rules for carrying out installation works on the device of the lavety are identical to the principles of laying conventional external sewer pipelines. However, if the house is not equipped with drainage, start needed from their device.
Installation rules for stormwater injury systems are similar to the rules for laying ordinary sewage
Construction of roofing components
- In the floors of the house you need to make holes for rain-seekers. After installing the devices and their attachment to the bituminous mastic, the place of the adjoint should be sealing.
- Mounted waste pipes and risers.
- All items must be attached to the designs of the house with the help of clamps.
The diagram of the roofing part of the lavety: 1. Gutter; 2. The angle of the gutter external; 3. The angle of the gutter is internal; 4. Plug chute; 5. The gutter connector; 6. Hook; 7. Hook; 8. funnel; 9. Waterborne funnel; 10. Knee pipes; 11. Truck drain; 12. Connecting pipe; 13. Pipe bracket (for brick); 14. Pipe bracket (on wood); 15. Draft knee; 16. Trumpet tee
Underground unit
According to the planned plan, compiled taking into account the slopes and the depth of channels adopted in this region, should be pulled out with a trench. If it is assumed to be insulated the pipeline, forming a shell from geotextile and rubble around it, or arrange a pillow from sand, the power should also be taken into account. Here's how to act further:
- The bottom of the trench before the installation is a good trambet. Many stones that met during digging are removed, formed after their removal of the holes fall asleep with soil.
- A sandy pillow is covered on the bottom, the standard thickness of it is 20 cm.
- Massed recovery for installing the collector tank. As a collector, it is easiest to use a finished plastic container, but if you wish, you can make a collector well yourself, the bay of concrete in the arranged formwork.
In the rammed and equipped with sandy ditch pillows laid pipes, fittings use them to connect them into a single system.
Connections laid under the ground drainage channels are performed using fittings
- In the straight branches of the lavety, with a length of more than 10 m, it is recommended to include viewing wells.
- At the dosses of the taking atmospheric water collectors and pipelines, you need to install sandcloths.
- All devices and fixtures are connected in one chain, the compounds of the components are sealed.
Before filling the trench, it is necessary to test the tests by filling the water into water reservation. As a result of testing, no weak points were found? We fall asleep soil laid in a trench system, and gutter, trays, pallets with grilles.
Before filling the trench, the building system needs to be checked, reveal and eliminate all defects and leaks if they arise
Council. Scope roofing structures are not equipped with drains from all sides. Where they are not, it is recommended to install a gutter with lattices and include them in a common network.
The urban reservoir well is forbidden to unload into the common sewer network due to the presence in the drains and petroleum products. The owner of a country house freely can connect the ravenev to his own sewage, because there are no dangerous components that require fine cleaning in it.
After cleaning in the sandcloth, the water enters the sewer collector, from there it can be distributed directly to the ground, unloaded into the reservoirs or in the usual sewer network of the private house
Improvement of the house and the adjacent territory of the surface drainage system will help extend the deadlines for the operation of structures, will save from puddles and slush of owners, prevents the rotting of the roots of plants. A simple landlines of the site can be mounted by the owner by their own hands, but even in the case of appeal to builders, information about the specifics of its organization will not prevent. The owner himself and to trace the violations can, and repair, and clean.
Today, many people who have their own homes decide to make storm sewers. It should be immediately said that the work process itself is complex. The complexity of the first thing is to create a project and the need for calculations. In this article we will tell how to make storm sewers on their own.
Why need Livnevka
It can be said that the storm sewage at the same time helps to solve two problems:
- Carries out reliable protection of the foundation and walls of the house from the fall of water, arms, because of the rain or melting of snow.
- Prevents the appearance of puddles on a plot, playground, parking and tracks.
In short, Livnevka is necessary in order to increase the comfort of the site, as well as extend the life of existing buildings.
Note! The manufacture of storm sewers by its structure resembles the construction of internal and external sewage. If you did this system yourself, then this work is forces you!
This is what is included in the standard set of lavety:
- Funnels for water intake.
- Trays for collecting water.
- Pipes.
- Collector.
We write more about their use and installation below, and now it's time to proceed to the manufacture of a storm sewering project and the implementation of the necessary calculations.
Design and preliminary calculations
The implementation of the plan without the necessary settlements is the money thrown into the wind. Why? The fact is that if the construction of storm sewers can not cope with its main functions, then it makes no sense to start work. Moreover, if you do too large a lavety system, it will require a large number of finance. For this reason, first of all, it is required to calculate all costs.
Necessary information for accurate calculations:
- Information about the average rainfalls that were recorded in your area with meteorologists. This information can be obtained in Snip.
- If there is a removal of melt water, then information about the power of snow cover and, accordingly, rain periodicity is necessary.
- Square stock. If a point lavety is selected, then the exact area of \u200b\u200bthe roof is required. At the same time, it is important to know that it is not easy, and the size in accordance with the projection in the plane. If a linear railway is selected, then it is necessary to know the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire territory that it will serve.
- Physico-chemical characteristics of the soil.
- Area information and the availability of all communications that are underground.
All this information is necessary to produce the following calculations of the volume of vehicles. When all information is in your hands, calculations are carried out according to the following formula:
Here is a correction coefficient used in this formula:
- 0.4 - for coating from rubbank.
- 0.85 - for concreted territory.
- 0.95 - for the asphalted platform.
- 1.0 - for roofs.
Based on the value obtained, the required diameter of pipes is selected exclusively according to the current SNiP table.
As for the project, you should consider the option of making rain sewage. In most cases, this will affect the nature of your area. It is necessary to think through the water drain method towards the collector. If your territory is not able to make a sufficient bias towards draining water, then it is necessary to provide pumping equipment. Note that the project you need to make up for both outer storm sewage sewage, which will be located on the roof and for the underground system. Now consider the location of the lavender on the roof.
We start mounting from a ravnevka on the roof
On the roof, the equipment is installed along the gutter that will collect all the water from the roof. If your budget allows, then the gutter can be purchased with a set of fasteners. If not, then you can make on your own. For example, sawing pipe along half. Pipes for gutters can be polymer, asbestos and steel. If there is strong wind and shower on your territory, then it is best to install metal gutters.
To determine the size of the gutter, you need to calculate in accordance with SNiP. To divert water, and also prevent stripping of the drain pipes is recommended to install special funnels. Each funnel is additionally equipped with a protective lattice or a special cap.
Note! If your roof is scope, it is recommended to use the caps. With a flat roof it is better to use grilles.
When installing, it is necessary to ensure that the adjoining of funnels to the roof is sealed. To do this, the use of bolts will be insufficient. Additionally, you can use mastic or waterproofing material. There is also a danger of curvatures. To prevent them from allowing you to use a stream. So, a pipe is laid along the entire wall down the pipe where water falls into a rain-seeker.
Section Collection Classification
The device of storm sewage is divided into two methods for collecting water: point and linear.
Point system of lavety.This system includes rain-seekers. They are mounted under the chutes of external and inland drains. Each separate receiver under the ground is connected to the general highway. The rainmaker is equipped with a grid and sandcloth. This prevents trash, plant residues and other weighted soil particles.
Linear system of lavety.In this case, the Livnevka is a network of channels that are laid underground or slightly deepened in the trench. Those trays that are laid by the open method are additionally equipped with sand-trap, and also equipped with lattices. Linear landing is different from pointing, which collects water not only from the roof, but also with the area adjacent to the house. This system is used for large areas.
So, based on the size of the adjacent territory, you need to decide on one of the types of system. Although this is a non-core factor that needs to be considered when choosing a water collection method. Already at this stage, preparatory work should be conducted.
Channel laying depth
Push trays follows the depth required in your area. For example, it can be a depth of 300 mm. If the pipeline or open trays are large enough, then they will need to be paved at a depth of 500 mm. Larger sizes channels will need to burst up to 700 mm.
Note! If you have already equipped with drainage, then the lavetyl should be laid exceptionally above it.
If you want to reduce labor costs, then you should not be too deepened in the ground. Moreover, it is not necessary to install the collector below the level of the freezing of the Earth. Accordingly, if the collector is raised as high as possible, then the channels will not need to be too deepening. So that the collector in winter does not freeze it can be insulated with thermal insulation material. Accordingly, if you make Livnevy, then you will have to dig a trench much less. At the same time, you should not abuse this tolerance. Channels must have a sufficient bias so that water flows well. Therefore, the collector in any case will be located below the rain-seeker. It is in this case that a project will be useful, which will make it possible to accurately calculate the required slope of the highway.
Norms and block standards
If you are guided by the GOST regulations, then the pipe having 150 × mm should have a slope of 0.008 mm / m. Pipe 200ø angle - 0.007 mm / m. Based on the characteristics of a particular area, this slope can change slightly.
Please note that at the location of the rain-seeker, the optimal bias is 0.02. If there is an insufficient bias in this place, then there is a risk that the system will not cope with an abundant flow of water. Moreover, near the sandstone, the flow rate should be less, because suspended particles should have time to settle. Therefore, near this device, the angle of inclination should be as small as possible.
Montage on earth
At the first stage of the assembly work, you installed the lavety on the roof and led the drainage to the rain-seeker. It is necessary to start working on Earth precisely from the installation of a rainryer or, as they are called, waterfronts. It is important to establish them right under the drainage pipe. Each drainage funnel is tied to one system. For this reason, you can independently make the required number of pipe holes. Using the knee of the pipes are connected to the rain-seeker.
After you need to prepare trenches for laying trays and pipes. Their installation is required to be performed on a sandy pillow with a thickness of 100 mm. As mentioned above, laying pipes, you must strictly follow the bias. If this is not done, then there will be no meaning of the tools and work. In the process of assembly work, you will additionally need the following elements:
- Stub. It will prevent the opposite direction of water in case the pipe is full.
- Sandochloride. It will allow you to contain trays and pipes clean.
- Siphon. This item will prevent the penetration of unpleasant odors from the sewage system.
To significantly reduce the volume of land, in one trench you can make a drainage pipe and a lavetyl. However, you should not combine these two different directions. As mentioned above, the drainage tube will be located below, and the storm sewage can go over it.
Note! The slope of the entire system will always be directed towards the collector or in the place where the storm sewage is reset.
Accordingly, the entire system of storm sewer pipes should be connected to one track, which will be directed to the collector. It is very important that the collector itself was equipped with viewing rings. This will allow you to timely check the level of accumulated water, as well as clean it from possible garbage. When the entire pipe system and trays are laid, it remains only to cover it with durable lattices from reinforced concrete or metal.
After that, it is necessary to check the entire system of storm sewage to work. To do this, you need to fill a bucket of water to each rain. After make sure that the water flows well. It is also important to check the system for leakage. If this appears, it should be eliminated, sailing with sealant. If the entire system works fine, then you just need to fall asleep the trench. At the same time, the grid can be covered with cellophane so as not to fall asleep the land tray.
Of course, the collected storm sewage will be securely working without failures and special problems, if you follow some rules concerning its operation.
The case remains only for you!
So, we reviewed the basic recommendations and rules for the installation of storm sewer. Of course, its presence on each site is simply necessary. Remember, you are fully able to install a storm sewer with your own hands, without the help of professionals. To do this, it will be necessary to peel into the essence of the case and everything will work.
Scheme of storm sewage with water disposal elements
Reading time ≈ 3 minutes
High-quality storm sewage is an important system of the private house. It provides a quick removal of melt or rainwater, excluding their cluster in the ground around the structure. The presence of such a system warns the premature destruction of the foundation, the formation of puddle in the yard. There are both budgetary and more expensive and reliable versions of storm sewage. Mounting each of them can be done on your own.
Features of the storm sewer device
The manufacture of storm sewage, as in the photo, must begin with the preparation of drawings, determining the optimal type of system, selecting its components. The easiest solution is the installation of terrestrial gutters from concrete, which will divert the precipitations beyond the installation area. Such a system is optimally suitable for small country houses.
Livestream sewage can be stacked with their own hands and underground or have a combined type (ground + underground). It is optimal to carry out work on the installation of such systems immediately after the construction of the house or during the arrangement of the courtyard adjacent to the structure of the territory. Naturally, it is inconvenient to remove the asphalt or tile for the manufacture of storm sewage sewage: the procedure will take too much time and will lead to a significant waste of funds.
Structure of storm sewage in a private house
The creation of storm sewage in the country or near the private house should consist of a roof drainage and pipes / gutters on the territory. Therefore, the main elements of the system can be attributed:
- drain gutter, plugs and fasteners;
- funnels, drainage pipes, pipe holders;
- water reservations (under the grill on the porch, under drainage pipes);
- trays, chute;
- sandochildren, sewer pipes, fittings.
For laying underground, metal-plastic pipes are recommended: they have a long service life, reliable and accessible. The drainage pipes are usually made of steel and covered with protective paint. Sandochovers, trays and gutters can be made of concrete, plastic, steel.
How to make a storm sewer without errors?
First of all, the owner must draw up a detailed scheme on which the locations of the elements will be indicated. Additionally, it is necessary to calculate the required amount of pipes, sandwickers, water receivers. Next, the installation of storm sewage is performed according to the following instructions:
- Drop the trenches for rain-seekers, sandwickers and pipes.
- Prepare a pillow from rubble taking into account the liner of the pipes towards the collector or to another water removal site.
- To lay geotextile along the trenches to protect pipes from freezing.
- Conduct installation of rainmobiles, laying pipes, swallowed gutters. Check the quality of the connection of the elements.
- Wrap geotextile pipes. Fill in a trench crushed stone (excluding its hit in rain-seekers, sandwalkers and gutters).
- On top of the rubble over the pipes fall asleep sand / land. Over rainmakers and chutes to install grilles warning garbage from the compartments. Connect the output tube to the collector or simply output it beyond the site.
In order for the finished system to cope with the assigned tasks, it is necessary when choosing elements to take into account the characteristics of the region. For locations in which rains are familiar throughout the year, it is recommended to use sewage components with increased dimensions. Otherwise, problems with water removal may occur.
The puddles that appear after the rain are a pretty familiar phenomenon, but few people think that it is rather dangerous for owners of private houses, because it can lead to the flooding of the building and the destruction of his supports.
To avoid unpleasant consequences, specialists are recommended to equip the storm sewer. How to do it, will be discussed in this article.
Features and destination
Storm or, as it is often called, rain sewage is a system of water pipes, as well as filters and a variety of devices used to effectively remove excess moisture from the rail area. This is the main task of the lavety, but the set of functions of the drainage is not limited to:
- with the help of a storm system, watering the garden and the garden can be organized on the household plot, the positive effect of melt water on the growth and development of plants is known to each dacroom;
- increasing the durability of the building and improving the strength and fortress of its supports - this is due to the fact that rain sewerage eliminates excessive flooding of the foundation, and in addition, prevents the development of fungus and mold;
- high-quality water filtration and its purification from sand and other types of impurities;
- maintaining the integrity of paving slabs and asphalt coatings, which are often destroyed under the influence of beating water jets;
- minimizing the risk of water flow into the basement;
- the complete elimination of the formation of puddles and dirt on the plot after the rain.
Components of storm sewage
The rain sewage device in a private house and in the country assumes the presence of some component elements in its structure.
Well
In previous years, it was believed that he would certainly have to be large, but the modern industry offers wells of various volumes, the choice of which is determined by the dimensions of the roof, the size of the site and the average precipitation in a particular region. As a rule, the wells are made from concrete rings, and the lower ring should be equipped with a bottom - it is just distinguished by simple wells from storm.
Plastic wells can also be used to create an effective rain sewage system. They are injected on the necessary depth, installed on a concrete pillow and are riveted with durable chains to avoid pop-ups.
Plastic containers are good in that they are completely sealed in contrast to the structures collected from the rings.
Luke over the well
The hatches can be made of various materials - rubber, plastic or metal, the choice here only depends on the personal preferences of the homeowner. Regardless of which composition is used, the well should be switched in such a way that the upper edge of its cover is below the surface of the soil by 15-20 cm.
Under the installation of the hatch often lay the neck of the brick, it allows you to plant the lawn or flowers in such a way that the site will not stand out among other landings.
However, many acquire a finished lid with hatch. In this case, the soil falls asleep with a thinner layer - only 4-5 cm, however, the lawn will differ in thickness from the rest of the sections, drawing attention to what is located under it. Most often, the hatches are produced in black. However, you can also find red and yellow options on sale.
Pottle rains
These are small-sized reservoirs that are attached to the places of the greatest precipitation, for example, under drainage pipes and in the lowest sections of the yard. They are performed from concrete or plastic, and the first are often used to arrange a deep-type storm sewer. In this case, they are mounted on each other, achieving the required height. However, quite recently there were exhaust raids from plastic.
Peskovochâteters
These are devices that are used to accumulate precipitating sand and other severe enclosures. Most often, they are made of plastic, they differ in low cost, but at the same time they exhibit exceptionally high performance characteristics. Typically, sandwaves are mounted at a certain distance from each other.
Such devices need periodic cleaning, to make it much easier and faster than to clean the entire drainage system.
Grid
The lattices are set for water to leave in the maximum full. The following lattice options are distinguished:
- cast iron - reliable and durable products, but paint on them is holding no more than 3 years, significantly reducing the overall aesthetics of the structure;
- steel - cheap option, but the lowest quality - steel is prone to corrosion, so even after 1-2 years, such lattices begin to rust;
- aluminum - It uses not a clean metal, but its alloys, such options are most preferable, because they are distinguished by a fortress and an attractive design, but also the cost of them is quite high.
Pipe
None of the landing does not do without pipes, as a rule, use redethylene products of red-colored. They have smooth walls, thanks to which their throughput is significantly improved. However, it is possible to stay on cast iron or asbestos versions, they can also work smoothly for a long time, providing efficient drainage.
The diameter of pipes depends largely on the overall branchiness of the system, but it should be borne in mind that it should not be less than 15 cm, optimally, if the diameter is greater.
Revision wells
These are small wells made of plastic or concrete, they are installed in cases where the pipeline has a rather large length or numerous branching. They are used to clean pipes in case of blockages arise.
It should be noted that not every rain sewage contains all these components certainly, however, it is possible to build an effective system of any level of complexity.
Types of storm sewage
Several main types of storm sewage sets installed in private homes.
Open
This is a pretty simple system that can be equipped with even on their own. It consists of a surface of the surface gutters, in which water falls along the drain pipes, and already from there it enters special overvoices or general sewers.
The gutter is made of metal, plastic or concrete, they are covered with lattices on top, which protect them from large garbage ingress, and in addition, they perform a decorative function.
Such a system in a private house can have quite a big coverage, it is gathering an excessive moisture from sidewalks, garden tracks and other types of sites.
Closed
This type of lavety is also called point, in this case all the water reaches are located underground. The mechanism of their action is simple: water, staining along pipes with roofs, falls into special raids, and already moved to underground channels, from where it is shown beyond the limits of the site.
Mixed
This system involves the simultaneous use of open and closed elements, this method is used when it is necessary to build an effective draining system in a limited budget.
Types of drainage
Quite often, in cottages and private houses, several variations of drainage are equipped at once: sewer, drainage and storm. As a rule, they are located close to each other around the plot and go in parallel.
Quite often, the owners of the site arises a natural desire to save and combine the lavety with the elements of other types of drainage, for example, take advantage of the ready-made well. However, it is not worth doing this, because during a strong rain, the fluid enters the well rather quickly, the average flow rate is 10 cubes per hour.
In this case, the well can overflow, and if it is combined with sewer, then the water will begin to enter the sewage pipe. In this case, she, of course, will not be able to rise above the level of the soil, however, and you can not pull anything too, because everything will stand in the plumbing. In addition, after lowering the water level inside the system, a large and small garbage will remain, which can significantly worsen the effective operation of the entire stock system, and it will have to be regularly cleaned, agree, not the most pleasant lesson.
The situation is much worse if the discharges will go to the drainage well. If, during the protracted shower, the moisture comes under a high pressure into the drainage system, as it is filling out the pipes, it simply falls under the foundation and begins to fill it. It is not worth talking about the consequences, there are other troubles, to which the drainage pipeline is cheating.
It is impossible to clean such pipes, they must be changed completely.
The conclusion can be done very simple: Livnevka in the house should have its own well, and quite spacious. However, if there is an exit to the pond, the lake or the river - then the arrangement of the well can be neglected.
Design and preparation
When it comes to the drainage system, it is very important to pre-draw the drawing, plans and schemes of the design, otherwise it will be simply "money to the wind". If the system does not work effectively, then it is not worth it for its arrangement, and if the lavety is too powerful - then it will "eat" too much money.
In order to make it possible to more accurately and make an effective project, the following data are necessary:
- the average precipitation in this area (they can be found in SNiP 2.04.03-85);
- frequency of precipitation;
- size snow cover;
- stoke area;
- roof area;
- physical and mechanical soil parameters;
- location of underground engineering communications;
- the calculated volumes of wastewater.
Q. - this is the volume of moisture that the system should be output;
q20.- the intensity of precipitation (it is different for each locality);
F. - the surface area with which it is planned to withdraw water;
TO - correction coefficient, which depends on the material coverage material, it is:
- for rubble - 0.4;
- for concrete sites 0 0.85;
- for asphalt - 0.95;
- for roofs - 1.0.
The resulting value is correlated with low-speed and determine the diameter of the pipeline, which is necessary for optimal drainage.
Trays and pipes are discharged at the depth of which they are standardly conducted in each locality, their exact value can be found in construction companies or the neighbors who have already equipped the Livnev in their area. As a rule, in the middle lane of Russia, the depth of the embedding is 0.3 meters in the event that the diameter of the pipeline does not exceed 50 cm. Trays and larger pipes are buried to a depth of 70 cm.
Often the high cost of earthworks leads to the fact that customers are asking not to deepen very much in the ground - and in general it is quite justified, since there is no point in close the pipes for too much. There is no reason to mount collectors and observation tanks below the level of seasonal freezing, as the existing GOSTS needs. They can be arranged above, but pre-insulate the insulating material, for example, geotextile.
Reducing the level of reel rather significantly reduces the cost of assembly work.
But the requirements regulating the minimum slope of the lavety, it is not worth neglected. GOST sets the following standards:
- for pipes with a diameter of 15 cm, the angle of inclination should be 0.008 mm / m;
- for pipes with a cross section of 20 cm - 0.007 mm / m.
The angle of inclination may vary depending on the features of the site. So, at the site of attachment of the pipe to the rain-seeker it is necessary to increase the flow rate of the self-bearing water, so you should form the maximum allowable angle of 0.02 mm / m.
But before the sands collectors, the flow rate should, on the contrary, decrease, otherwise suspended particles will not be able to settle, therefore the angle of inclination must be minimal.
Construction and installation
The storm drainage system is equipped with its technology, its laying is largely similar to the principle of conventional sewer pipelines, but if there are no drainage in the house, then the installation should be started with them.
Roofing structure
In the roof overlaps it is necessary to make special holes that will be used for rain-seekers. After all devices are installed and secured on bitumen mastic, joints and adjoins should be treated with sealant. Next, waste pipes and risers are installed, which are fixed to the facade of the private house with the help of clamps.
If an open system is being built, then the trays should be installed, and if the future lavender will be point, then it will be necessary to carry out tap tubes.
Ground part
In accordance with the planned plans, which are compiled, taking into account all the existing corners of the terrain and adopted in each specific region, the depth of the channels must dig a trench. Consider a sequence of actions.
- The bottom of the dug-in trench must be carefully tumped, all the stones that were met during rolls should be removed, and the pits formed after them must be filled with soil.
- The bottom of the trench falls asleep with sand, as a rule, the thickness of the sandy pillow is approximately 20 cm.
- Shooting the pit for installation of the collector well. For the reservoir itself, you can purchase a ready-made container of plastic, but you can construct it and with your own hands - for this it is necessary to establish a formwork and pour it with a solution of concrete.
- In ditches, rammed and reinforced with sandy pillows, fasten pipes that are connected to each other using fittings.
- In the levery branches with a total length of more than 10 meters, it is necessary to include viewing wells, and sandcans are mounted in the joints of the receivers and pipeline. All these devices must be connected into a common chain, and the joints of the joints are mandatory are sealed.
- Before the final filling of the trench, it is necessary to experience the system for strength, for this purpose water is poured into the water receiver if the pipes will be reduced, then it is necessary to identify and eliminate leak.
- If weaknesses in the pipeline are not detected, then it is necessary to thoroughly fall asleep the trench with soil, and all the gutters and trays to equip cast-iron and plastic lattices.
Installation of an open system, in general, it does not constitute any problems, since water trays can be installed easier and faster. They are sold in the form of independent elements, which are quite simply assembled into a single chain with a thin capron cord that generates the required precision angle.
The timely arrangement of storm sewers will significantly extend the life of building structures, eliminates the occurrence of dirt and slush and prevents the plant roots.
The simplest landmark can be easily equipped with the owner of the site without the use of third-party specialists, but even when contacting professionals, it will not hurt to get acquainted with the peculiarities of the sewerage and the specifics of its device, since as the host uses periodically to repair and clean the system.
In more detail how to make installation of storm sewage, see the following video.