There are many types of autonomous sewers. But what is the best septic tank for a summer residence or a country house for a particular family is often not clear to choose. Each type of VOC has its own advantages. Plus, there are a huge number of factory models with their own distinctive advantages. However, it is necessary to install something on the plot. Without a treatment plant, there is no need to talk about comfortable living outside the city.
Description and principle of operation of septic tanks
The septic tank is designed for the accumulation and partial or complete processing of sewage from the house. Such structures are placed in dachas for temporary stay and near cottages, where a family of several people lives all year round. Accordingly, the type and performance of the treatment plant is selected based on the number of residents and the intensity of their use of the internal sewage system.
When sewage enters the septic tank, these waters are settled (clarified), and then drained into the ground or pumped out by sewers. This is how an ordinary cesspool with anaerobic bacteria works. If a cottage is being improved, then such a simple cesspool is ideal for it.
In more advanced biological stations with deep cleaning, aerobic microorganisms are used, which, with the help of a compressor, are supplied with an additional volume of air inside the septic tank. So they eat organic matter much faster.
Choosing the type of septic tank
All variations of septic tanks are divided into:
Cumulative;
Anaerobic;
Aerobic.
In the first case, the treatment plant is the simplest sealed reservoir for the accumulation of wastewater. For their subsequent pumping, a sewage machine is then used.
Storage tank "Rostok"
Two-chamber septic tank "Tank"
The third option is full-fledged stations that process sewage by 95-99%. At the outlet of them, the water has a technical condition, which allows it to be used for watering the garden in the country or washing the car in the garage near the house.
Autonomous cleaning station "Topas"
Accumulators and most of the anaerobic septic tanks are non-volatile structures. They do not have pumps and compressors, all water flows inside occur by gravity. They do not require electricity to operate. If the water supply for a country house is organized from a well or centrally, then this option is just perfect for a cottage.
Aerobic septic tanks are stations that depend on uninterrupted power supply. They have better effluent treatment rates. But the aerators pumping air into the chamber with activated sludge need constant power from the electrical network.
For summer cottages, it is best to choose a septic tank of the first or second type. Such VOCs are cheaper to manufacture, easier to maintain and do not depend on the power supply. But for full-fledged private houses outside the city, it is worth choosing an aerobic station. A large family of effluents produces a lot; a cesspool or an anaerobic plant will not be able to cope with significant daily volumes.
For the manufacture of septic tanks are used:
Reinforced concrete.
The best septic tanks for summer cottages are factory anaerobic models with a polyethylene casing. They effectively clean drains, take up little space and do not need electricity. Plus, you can put them right next to the country house. Moreover, it does not matter if the screw or pile-strip foundation is used for its construction.
Moisture from such VOC will not have a special effect on this base. Such a septic tank is airtight, and the infiltrator or drainage well can be taken away from the building. In a similar situation, when building a house, it is even allowed to use gas silicate blocks, which really do not like high humidity.
The choice of performance and volume of the septic tank
Septic tanks for summer cottages and cottages are selected based on calculations of water consumption by people living in the house. If it is known how much waste flows into the sewer per day, then it will not be difficult to make a choice in favor of one or another structure. For all factory-made models, the passport indicates their total volume, salvo discharge and daily productivity.
With a complete calculation of the cubic capacity of wastewater discharged into the sewer, according to all the rules, it is necessary to take into account all plumbing fixtures in a residential building. Each of them has its own average rate of water discharge per day. For example, about 0.1 is drained from the toilet into the septic tank, 0.15–0.2 from the sink in the kitchen or bath, and about 0.14 l / day from the shower. It is necessary to add up the consumption of all plumbing installed in the dwelling - this will be the total volume of wastewater per person.
Model range "Termite" for various volumes
Such accurate calculations are often made only by designers. To simplify the calculations, it is customary to lay a minimum of 150 and a maximum of 200 liters per person per day. A septic tank for a summer residence is usually calculated according to the minimum bar, and for a house with permanent residence - according to the maximum.
After determining the daily volume, it is multiplied by 3 (three days). It is within three days that sewage in the septic tank is completely processed. Based on this received figure, it will be possible to choose which station, specifically in terms of volume, is better to install on your site.
Choosing a manufacturer of septic tanks for a summer residence
It is impossible to say unequivocally which septic tanks for summer cottages should be purchased here and now right in the store. The range of ready-made stations from the factory is extensive. Some come out cheaper at the price of VOCs, the latter are easier to install, and still others are optimally suited in terms of volume for a particular situation.
Among domestic manufacturers, stations from:
GK "TOPOL-ECO" - various models of "Topas".
"Triton Plastic" - "Tank", "MikrobMini" and "BioTank".
PC "Multplast" - "Termite" and "Ergobox".
"SBM-Group" - "Unilos" with modifications "Astra", "Cedar" and "Mega".
Septic tanks for dachas of these manufacturers occupy the lion's share of the Russian VOC market. Owners often refer to their products as their best bet. The range of these factories includes both anaerobic non-volatile models and more efficient aerobic models with pumps. Among them there are modifications not only for standard soils, but also for areas with high GWL.
Of the foreign manufacturers, only Finnish Uponor is worth mentioning. If the dacha is located in the North-West of the Russian Federation and preference is given to imports, then it will be difficult to find a better septic tank. This company offers several solutions for a different number of people living in a cottage. There are plenty to choose from. Here, as - the market has domestic products and imported. The choice is at the discretion of the buyer.
Which septic tank to choose for a summer residence or a house?
A septic tank for a summer residence can be made independently from a brick, an iron barrel or concrete rings. This is the cheapest option. But it is much easier to take a ready-made treatment plant from the factory, which only needs to be installed in a pre-dug pit. And if you have money and want European quality, then you can order a cleaning station made in Finland. The choice is extensive, it all depends on the excellent preferences of the owner of the cottage.
The appearance of the septic tank at the cottage
How to choose a septic tank for a private house
In the absence of the ability to connect to a centralized sewage line, the owners of country houses have to take care of arranging local wastewater treatment systems. Septic tanks can help with this without affecting the environment. There are many types of such devices. Therefore, those who decide to install a local sewage system in their area have a question about which device is better to choose.
Types of septic tanks
The main classification of systems for the disposal of wastewater from a private house is based on the principle of operation.
- Storage tanks are the easiest option. They are sealed containers. In these containers, sewage enters and accumulates there, which must be pumped out, periodically calling a sewage truck.
Sewage storage tanks
Septic tank with cleaning
Biological wastewater treatment
Compressor for septic tank HIBLOW HP-150
Note! It is necessary to choose a place on the site for the placement of septic tanks that carry out aerobic or anaerobic wastewater treatment, taking into account sanitary rules.
There are ready-made versions of various companies on the market, but with certain skills, you can make them yourself, for example, from concrete rings. The material, along with the design and other important parameters, is one of the factors that are taken into account when choosing a septic tank.
Online calculator for the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of inhabitants and the mode of water use
What should be considered when choosing a waste disposal device?
Before buying a septic tank, you need to answer a few questions.
- How many people will live in the house, what sanitary equipment will be installed? These factors determine the performance and volume of the septic tank.
- What are the features of the soil?
- What is the planned budget?
- Is it possible to connect to electricity?
- Can you make a septic tank yourself or do you prefer to buy a ready-made device?
How many people will live in the house
This setting affects performance. To determine it, you need to multiply the number of inhabitants by 200 liters, because that is how many drains per day, according to the standard, form one person.
Wastewater stays in the treatment plant for about three days. Therefore, productivity must be tripled in order to obtain the required volume of the station. It is also necessary to take into account the possibility of the arrival of guests, as well as decide whether the house will have such sanitary equipment as a bathtub, dishwasher and washing machine.
The number of residents affects the type of building chosen and the design features.
If it is planned to live in a house with a small family only in the summer, then the drive will be enough. To service a year-round home, you should choose a cleaning station.
The number of users determines the number of soil-filtered septic tanks. So, for a house in which 3 people will live, a single-chamber septic tank is enough. If more than 1 but less than 10 m3 of wastewater is generated per day, it is recommended to install a device from two tanks.
Aeration stations do best with large volumes.
Features of natural conditions
The depth of penetration of the primer and the type of soil determine whether it is possible to equip a soil filtration stage that will work effectively only on sandy loams and sands and low GWL.
The scheme of occurrence of groundwater
It is possible to install post-treatment on loam and clay, but these works will require a lot of time, money and physical costs.
The design features of septic tanks depend on the depth of soil freezing. A large neck allows you to deepen the device. Among the finished products there are options for installation in the ground with a deep point of zero temperatures.
Septic tank with sealed chambers
If you need to install a drive on heavily freezing soils, then you should give preference to vertical tanks. But in areas with a nearby primer, it is better to mount horizontal storage tanks.
Scheme of installation of a vertical septic tank
With a significant amount of wastewater and unsuitable natural conditions, it is better to choose a biological treatment plant. True, their cost will be higher.
Local sewerage costs
The amount of money that the owner of the house can allocate for the arrangement of the sewer system remains one of the main parameters for choosing a septic tank.
The most expensive are prefabricated plastic treatment plants, especially those that aerate wastewater. There are models produced in Russia and proven by users: Topas, Astra. You can also purchase European septic tanks, for example, Uponor. On average, biotreatment stations cost 80-100 thousand rubles.
If natural conditions allow, then you can opt for ready-made septic tanks with soil aftertreatment. Among such devices, the most popular are the Tank treatment plants, which cost about 35-50 thousand rubles, excluding the additional stage. An oxygen-free septic tank can also be equipped from improvised materials, for example, from eurocubes, especially if you purchase used containers that cost about 4-5 thousand rubles.
The design of a septic tank from eurocubes
The cheapest option is storage tanks.
The price of the finished product is also affected by what it is made of.
- Concrete rings are a traditional and inexpensive material for septic tanks. But for their installation it is necessary to hire lifting equipment, which is not cheap.
- Ready-made plastic septic tanks are also often used, they are more expensive, but they can be released into the pit by 1-2 people. In addition, you can make a tank from a thick-walled pipe of large diameter or use eurocubes.
Note! Plastic products are exposed to the ascent under groundwater pressure, so they must be installed on a concrete base, to which the container is attached.
How to choose a septic tank for a private house
Find out how to choose a septic tank for a private home. Types of septic tanks, performance and other characteristics of the treatment plant, site parameters. A photo
To save yourself from the need to inhale odors from cesspools, it makes sense to buy a septic tank for a private house, having previously studied its features and giving preference to a specific variety. The device will save the residents of the house from any trouble. With the constant residence of a large number of people on the territory of a private house, the drain pit simply cannot cope with the task and it will need an assistant, who can become a septic tank.
What is a septic tank
Private houses or country cottages differ from ordinary apartments in that there is no central sewage system and a special device will be required to remove household water. A septic tank is a sealed container in which liquid waste accumulates. The function of biological treatment is available to some models, but they cannot be classified as full-fledged treatment facilities.
What is it needed for
Owners of country houses, when arranging sewage, must ensure that wastewater is treated, taking into account sanitary standards and soil characteristics. A reliable option would be a septic tank, also called a septic tank, whose function is to accumulate and purify waste leaving the premises. It passes impurities through itself, not allowing it to penetrate the soil. Before you make a septic tank in a private house, you should understand its structure and operation.
Device
When building a cottage, it is necessary to pay special attention to the arrangement of an autonomous sewage system, since there is no central one according to the project. The device of a septic tank in a private house allows you to solve problems with the removal of household waste and their cleaning. The work is carried out in three stages:
- Sewerage from a private house is collected in sealed plastic containers of a local treatment plant.
- Inside the septic tank, particles are separated into heavy and light particles. The former settle at the bottom of the well, while the latter enter the next compartment.
- Aerobic purification is not always possible, so anaerobic purification often occurs. Impurities are filtered, and the formed methane is removed by means of an exhaust pipe.
Types of septic tanks for a private house
Local treatment facilities are divided into two large groups - old and new. The first group is represented by brick septic tanks and reinforced concrete structures. These types for private houses are used less frequently due to time, power and material costs. However, concrete structures are considered more durable. The new ones include ready-made plastic septic tanks for the home, which have several more subspecies. Of the undoubted advantages, one can single out the cheapness, practicality of plastic, and the lightness of the product.
Cumulative
Manufacturers of septic tanks installed in private homes understand that it is impossible to do without a sewer system, so they offer a wide choice. The use of special tanks often becomes a solution to the problem. A storage septic tank is a container where household water flows through pipes, pumped out as it fills. Calculations of the volume of liquid must be made independently and, based on this, order a storage tank of the desired size. This option has a number of features:
- Installation of drainage wells is not required, which has a positive effect on the cost of the system.
- The tank itself for a private house will be expensive, despite the simplicity of the device.
- The owner of the house can independently decide where the septic tank will be installed. However, everything needs to be thought out so that the entrance of the sewage truck is unhindered.
- It will be expensive to pump out waste, therefore, if domestic water accumulates quickly, then a single-chamber septic tank is not your option!
It is impossible to ensure a comfortable life for permanent residence in a private house without sewerage. Bioseptic with the help of special bacteria solves the problem of wastewater treatment, giving a kind of guarantee of soil safety. The process looks like this:
- Sewage enters the first chamber of a popular septic tank, undergoing primary treatment there. There is a separation of large particles and fats that settle on the bottom.
- Waste is sent to the second tank of the three-chamber septic tank, where cleaning continues more actively.
- The sludge enters the first chamber, and the treated effluents enter the third, where the final and main stage takes place.
- Completely purified water through the secondary sump enters the well.
With post-treatment
Waste that has passed through a septic tank cannot be considered completely clean water that can be dumped into a reservoir or soil. Sometimes soil cleaning is indispensable. The design of a treatment plant for a private house depends on various parameters: the characteristics of wastewater and soil. Soil filtration is more costly, as you will need to install:
- absorbent trench,
- sand and gravel filter,
- filter well,
- filter fields.
Septic tanks for the home
It is not easy to make a choice from the assortment available for sale. Initially, the eye falls on those devices that are cheap:
- Name: KNS Unipump Sanivort.
- Price: 11328 rubles.
- Characteristics: the device pumps out sewage, accumulating them in the tank.
- Pros: low price.
- Cons: small capacity.
More serious septic tanks installed in private homes are many times more expensive. However, they are often worth it:
- Title: EcoProm Rostock.
- Price: 55900 rubles.
- Characteristics: design containing a biological filter for wastewater treatment.
- Pros: high degree of purification.
- Cons: large dimensions.
There are entire autonomous stations for deep biological treatment. In a private house, they will be appropriate:
- Name: Unilos Astra 3.
- Price: 66300 rubles.
- Characteristics: container for collecting and filtering sewage, occurring in several stages.
- Pros: Easy to use, does the job well.
- Cons: none.
The cost of installing a septic tank
Retail and online stores are full of sales, promotions and discounts. Before you install a septic tank to filter waste in a private house, you need to purchase it. It is not recommended to order delivery by mail, it is better to use the services of a transport company. You can buy a septic tank for a house, depending on its variety, at a price of 12,000 to 70,000 rubles. However, buying is half the battle. Installation costs may vary.
Septic tank for a private house: how to choose, reviews
A septic tank for a private house is a solution to problems with sewage and getting rid of the unpleasant odors of liquid waste. Learn about the types of devices and why you can't do without it.
A practical and successful version of the sewerage device on its site - a septic tank - is a type of treatment plant that allows you to clean and dispose of wastewater. How to choose the right septic tank for a private house? The owner of a country dwelling usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance. The last factor will determine how effectively the product will cope with its intended purpose. The variety of these treatment facilities on the modern market will make even the most sophisticated consumer in these matters confused. Local installation, included in the sewer system and used to collect, settle and purify polluted water from the home. For an ordinary country house, they are of the following types:
Filling type - the structure can be made independently using concrete rings, Eurocube, etc.,
Settling tanks with post-treatment through the ground,
Installations for deep cleaning.
When choosing the best option for a septic tank, you should also pay attention to the material of its manufacture, the type of soil where it will be installed, the purpose of the dwelling (for stationary or seasonal residence).
Types of septic tanks for a country house
Previously, when the production of plastic septic tanks was not so massive, reinforced concrete structures were more popular, which were assembled in stages. Cleaning systems made of metal were also used. Today, wastewater treatment most often occurs with the help of ready-made plastic installations. These products are reliable and durable. A high level of sealing ensures the environmental safety of the installations. Depending on the performance characteristics, they are classified according to different criteria.
By type of filtration
The classic storage option is an analogue of a conventional settling pit into which wastewater flows.
Accumulative model of a septic tank U1250 with a volume of 1250 l (Cost about 25,000 rubles)
In such tanks, water is stored until it is pumped out by a sewage machine. Storage plants require regular cleaning. Although the cost of such containers is small, but the frequent call of machines for cleaning is an expensive “pleasure”. Therefore, such a choice can hardly be called economical.
With soil cleaning - this option defends and cleans drains through a special drainage field.
Model Rostock 1000 with a volume of 1000 liters (Cost about 25,000 rubles)
Water is thrown out, and sediment remains in the tank itself, which must be removed 2-3 times a year using special equipment. As a result of treatment in such a septic tank, the water becomes 60-85% cleaner. Energy independence and ease of operation are the advantages of such a structure. But it cannot be installed in areas with high aquifers due to poor cleaning through soil filters.
Septic tank with deep biological treatment - in this case, you can achieve a high level of wastewater treatment (98-99%) and even reuse the liquid for household needs or for watering the garden.
Model Dochista Profi H5 with a volume of 1000 liters (Cost about 65,000 rubles)
In this option, all types of wastewater treatment are used: chemical, biological, mechanical. Such tanks can be installed in any type of soil, they do not rot and can serve for several decades. The disadvantages of biological septic tanks include their energy dependence. Therefore, in areas where power is often turned off, it will be difficult to achieve the normal functioning of the installation.
Scheme of operation of a gravity-flow wastewater treatment system
By material
From reinforced concrete - this option can be chosen for houses where they live off-season, that is, all year round. They serve for a long time, but need good waterproofing and are quite difficult to install.
Plastic containers can be installed in areas where the groundwater level is high. Plastic septic tanks for a private house are not subject to corrosion and are not afraid of the influence of aggressive environments.
Metal tanks are made of stainless steel. However, compared to plastic and concrete counterparts, they are not so durable and practical. In addition, such septic tanks are quite expensive.
A horizontal septic tank is most often chosen for areas where water from the ground rises high in the autumn-spring period.
The horizontal container has the form of a cylinder and is made of plastic or stainless steel. Suitable for installing a country house with a large amount of wastewater (10 or more cubic meters).
A vertical septic tank burrows deeper than a horizontal tank.
Such products are suitable for installation in a sewerage system with a small amount of wastewater (up to 2 cubic meters). However, such a tank is more airtight than the horizontal version.
Sometimes a combined version of horizontal and vertical septic tanks is used, where each tank is responsible for certain wastewater from the bathroom, kitchen or toilet.
By location
Underground - a more common version of the design, which is buried to a certain depth. At the same time, the landscape of the site is not affected.
The ground version of the structure is used if the geology of the site does not allow the installation of an underground version due to the high level of groundwater. In this case, the septic tank will spoil the landscape of the site, so it should be mounted away from the viewing angle.
What to consider when choosing a septic tank
In order to choose the right and buy a septic tank for a country house or a dwelling located in the private sector, you should take into account the purpose of the premises itself.
If the house will be used only during a certain season, then a simpler version of the sewage treatment plant will do.
Water consumption per day is also taken into account. Based on this indicator, the required performance of the septic tank is determined. Water consumption depends on the number of people living in the house.
Soil characteristics are also taken into account. The possibility of installation on site should be determined. After all, the territory itself must meet sanitary standards: the distance from the septic tank to the residential building is 5 meters, from the septic tank to the well or well - 30 meters. If the site is small, then it is unlikely to meet all the necessary requirements. In this case, preference should be given to a more expensive option - sewage with biological treatment.
The location of the septic tank on the site
At the site where the storage tank is installed, entrances for a sewage truck should be provided.
Best option: resume
To correctly choose a septic tank for a country house, you should take into account all the recommendations and make the necessary calculations. The current budget also matters, because some types are more expensive, but are not always an appropriate construction option in a particular situation. An optimally selected design model will be a guarantee of environmental safety and cleanliness of the soil, and timely maintenance of the tank and pumping out wastewater (if provided for by the instructions) will extend its service life for a long time. The best option for a sewer tank will allow you to build a high-quality sewer system on the site and significantly improve living conditions in a private house.
Which septic tank to choose for a private house?
How to choose the right septic tank for a private house? The owner of a country dwelling usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance.
An overview article on how to correctly choose the right septic tank for a private house.
First: proceed from their number of people who will use the septic tank
Each person will need at least two hundred liters per day, that is, if there are five people in the family, then the septic tank for a three-day stay in it should have a volume of at least three cubic meters.
It is also worth considering the volume of salvo discharge of water, it comes from several sources at once (this is a bath, shower, sinks, toilets). If you calculate the water consumption incorrectly and exceed the flow volume, this will affect the quality of water treatment.
Second: Frequency of use
Aeration units such as "Unilos", "Topas", "Astra", "Bioxi" are perfect for year-round operation. If the flow of effluents ceases, then the activity of microorganisms is inhibited.
In order to use the septic tank occasionally, it is necessary to bring additional food into the sewer, most often it is semolina, pet food, kefir. After receiving top dressing, the activated sludge biocenosis is restored, and the septic tank is operating normally.
Third: a way to divert the drain
Usually there are three ways to remove wastewater:
- Into the ground - this method is suitable if the soil consists of sand or is sandy loam. Drains go into a filter well with a crushed stone or gravel cushion at the bottom,
- In the "stormwater" - this method is suitable if the degree of filtration is approaching 98%, since you can get a fine for water pollution. The method is appropriate when your site has soil that does not absorb water well, for example, clay, or if you have an excessively high level of groundwater,
- In an intermediate well - the method is suitable for several houses sharing one station. This well is built of concrete, and water does not leave it, it is dumped onto the terrain using a drainage pump.
The discharge of water into a common ditch is prohibited due to the fact that aeration stations cannot completely destroy helminth eggs. Therefore, there is a risk of infecting other residents with intestinal diseases.
Fourth: The depth to which the soil freezes in winter
You can find out how much the soil freezes in your area by focusing on SNiP 23-01-99. For example, in the Moscow Region, the soil freezes by 1.4 m.
That is, if you plan to use a septic tank in the winter, you need to lay it below the freezing point, otherwise you risk an accident.
Fifth: Station cost
The Topas and Astra brands are similar and have approximately the same price tag. The differences between them relate to design features (one compressor is installed in Topas, and two in Astra), the number of modifications in the depth of the underwater pipe, and the hull material. Bioksi stations provide for the possibility of processing a larger volume of runoff with a similar number of users. Therefore, the price tag for the products of this brand is slightly higher. For a private house, the option is optimal.
Also on the market there is a firm "Tver", which offers a combined type of treatment systems. These septic tanks have a chamber for anaerobic processes. In fact, it is a complex of a septic tank and an aeration unit. These systems are ideal for occasional use, but they are more expensive.
How do treatment plants work?
The compressor supplies small air bubbles to the aeration tanks, which cause oxidation. Then the wastewater is pumped into a biofilter or aeration tank, and the remaining organic matter is destroyed in it. If you have an aeration tank, then in it a mixture of water and sludge is sent to a secondary sump, where the effluent is separated into water and sludge, and bacteria are involved in the processing of organic matter. Aerobic bacteria are used here. The biofilter, in turn, uses anaerobic bacteria that can exist in an oxygen-free environment, therefore, oxygen supply to the chamber is not necessary. Purified water is either removed by gravity or with the help of special mechanisms, sludge remains.
Overview of units on the market
Consider the most popular settings.
Topas Station
Domestic production, one of the first in Russia.
His work is based on the combination of biological treatment with fine bubble aeration (artificial air supply) for more efficient and faster oxidation of domestic wastewater constituents. Biological purification is the biochemical destruction of organic substances by microorganisms (bacteria). In this type of installation, aerobic bacteria are used, due to them, the processes of biochemical destruction of organic substances occur.
Septic tanks of this company have a large number of modifications:
- Based on the number of people living, modifications have been developed for four, five, six, eight, nine, ten or more people who live in a private house, in a country house, in a cottage,
- Modifications that take into account the depth of the pipe that leads the drains out of the house,
- Septic tank models can have one or two compressors,
- Septic tank models may have a drainage pump,
- In addition to modifications for the house, the company has developed septic tanks for a holiday village, a camp site, a country community with a capacity of fifty, seventy, one hundred, one hundred and fifty inhabitants.
You can safely choose the products of this brand, since this is one of the most thoughtful companies with many options, and the company's consultants will select the option that suits you, taking into account the characteristics of your site and your needs.
The positive aspects of using the autonomous wastewater treatment plant "Topas" include:
- A wide product line, you can choose a model based on the number of people living, modifications have been developed for areas with a high level of groundwater, as well as a number of other interesting solutions,
- Increased strength of the product, squeezing the station with soil is excluded, extrusion is also impossible,
- Very easy to operate, easy to manage by yourself, and no need to spend money on maintenance,
- The station is silent
- A very high degree of water purification, which allows the discharge of water into reservoirs or into a gutter.
Among the minuses of the Topas brand stations are:
Choosing a septic tank for a private house
The article discusses general approaches to choosing a septic tank for a private house and summer cottage, as well as an overview of the Topas, Tank and Unilos models.
If it is impossible to connect to a centralized one, choose the construction of an autonomous one. Here it is important to choose the right method of wastewater treatment. There may be several options. Consider each of them and determine which septic tank is better.
All about choosing a septic tank
Types of waste disposal devices
A septic tank is a watertight container in which wastewater accumulates or is processed. Classify the equipment according to such criteria.
All units dispose of wastewater, but they do it in different ways. The degree of purification also varies. Based on this, several types are distinguished.
Septic tanks
Tanks of various capacities, completely sealed. Most often they consist of one chamber, less often of two communicating compartments. Their function is to collect sewage, which is periodically taken out by a sewage machine.
Advantages
- Can be placed anywhere on . The main thing is to leave a free entrance for the car.
- There is no need to equip a post-treatment system, for example, filtration fields that occupy a significant area. Plus, they are hard to install.
- High resistance to volley discharges.
- Safe for the environment, provided that the tightness is not compromised.
- Energy independence and complete autonomy.
disadvantages
There is perhaps only one drawback - the need for pumping.
Septic tanks
Consist of three or two chambers. In each, the liquid is purified. Depending on the design features and the type of "working" microorganisms, water is clarified by 40-75%. Thus, anaerobic microorganisms are able to purify the waste liquid by 40-60%.
Advantages
- Sufficiently high degree of wastewater treatment.
- Reliable durable construction.
- Electricity supply is not required.
disadvantages
- Restrictions on installation in various types of soil.
- A permit for installation and operation is required.
- The need for regular cleaning of the first compartment from accumulated sludge. True, this happens much less frequently than pumping out the drive.
- A large area of the underground part of the structure, taking into account infiltrators and drainage wells.
In addition, you will have to periodically buy bacteria and biofilters necessary for normal functioning.
Deep biotreatment systems
Multi-chamber system where waste is decomposed by chemical, biological and mechanical methods.
At the end of the cycle, 96-97% purified water comes out. It is considered technical, it is dumped into the ground or a reservoir. Post-cleaning is not required. A good quality of purification is ensured by the vital activity of aerobic bacteria and forced aeration. Possibility of installation in soils of any type.
Advantages
- Compactness.
- They take up little space, given that the installation of additional devices for post-treatment is not required.
- Regular pumping or cleaning is not necessary
disadvantages
- The need to connect to the mains for the operation of aerators.
- Difficult service. It is good that it is regularly carried out by specialists. Independent intervention will lead to incorrect operation of the equipment.
- Restrictions on the use of household chemicals. Some of them provoke the death of aerobes.
- The price is higher than other types of equipment.
Differences in the type of appliances determine which septic tank to choose for a private house. For example, for, a septic tank is suitable.
Criteria for choosing a septic tank for a country house
A competent choice of a recycling device is impossible without taking into account several defining criteria.
materials
- Concrete monolith. Durable, very durable. It is erected independently, formwork is used for installation. Quite difficult to make.
- Reinforced concrete rings. Like the previous version, they are durable and last a long time. They need a secure seal. They can only be installed with the help of special equipment.
- or brick structures. Raised from the bottom of the pit. Effective sealing is required, otherwise the material is destroyed by moisture. Installation is difficult.
- Plastic tanks. Lightweight, relatively durable, low price. Insensitive to corrosion. Can be damaged by rodents, crack at low temperatures.
- Metal containers. More often from steel alloys. Durable, durable, sealed. Without effective protection, they are destroyed by corrosion.
- Fiberglass containers. Tight, lightweight, durable. Chemically inert, do not crack at low temperatures. They serve for a long time.
Dimensions
Calculated on the basis of the average daily flow rate. On average, one person per day accounts for 200 liters of sewage. According to the norms, the reservoir must contain at least a three-day norm for each resident. Plus, there is a reserve of 25-30% in case guests often come. The technical documentation of factory models always indicates how many people they are designed for.
The estimated volume of waste fluid determines the number of sections. So, if it is less than 1 cu. m, then choose a single-chamber utilizer, less than 10 cubic meters. m - two-chamber, more than 10 cubic meters. m - three-chamber. The dimensions of home-made devices are chosen arbitrarily.
Soil type and groundwater level
The geological situation of the area affects the choice. A sump with or infiltrate is placed only on sandy, pebbly and gravel soils, on plastic and sandy sandy loams. Groundwater should not reach at least 1 m to the structure. Clays, hard sandy loams, loams are not able to pass or absorb liquid. Therefore, it is impossible to put post-treatment systems on them.
Here, only discharge through sealed pipes into a centralized sewer or into ditches for drains is possible.
The best choice for clay soils would be sealed storage or bioremediation stations. Highly rising groundwater also does not allow the installation of sedimentation tanks complete with post-treatment. Only accumulators or biological stations are possible.
Homemade or Factory Made
Sometimes owners refuse to buy factory equipment. Make a choice in favor of homemade. Sometimes this is justified.
It is erected from concrete rings, monolithic concrete, brick. Provided that the installation is carried out correctly, a reliable durable construction is obtained. Sometimes old tires are used or just a pit is used. Such structures have a detrimental effect on the environment, polluting the soil around them. Factory containers made of plastic, and even more so fiberglass, will do the job better. Putting them in place is very simple. Septic tanks can also be made independently, but only the simplest models. After them, the liquid needs to be further cleaned, and equipment must be installed for this. If you need a completely safe, reliable design with a high degree of cleaning, you will have to buy it.
We conclude that a small drive is enough for a temporary home. The advantage of this solution is that the mini-tank can be installed independently. Houses with a permanent stay should be equipped with bio-cleaning stations. Settling devices equipped with post-treatment equipment can also be installed, but only if the terrain conditions allow it.
Rating of the best septic tanks for a country house
- Topol, Eco-Grand company. Purifies waste liquid by 99%. Service is simplified due to the non-standard design of the first compartment. It is possible to clean the device yourself.
- "Eurobion" from "Yubas". The rhythmic aeration tank allows the system to work even if the sewerage is not constantly used.
- "Triton" and "Tank" from "Triton-plastic". A wide range of septic tanks, settling tanks and storage tanks of different capacities. From mini and micro models to 10,000 l tanks.
- Astra from Unilos. Carries out effective multi-stage cleaning.
So, how to choose a septic tank for? It is necessary to accurately determine the volume of sewage, find out the type of soil, the level of groundwater rise. All this will help you choose the type of device. It remains to choose the material and volumes. The range of systems for recycling is very wide, it will not be difficult to make a rational choice.