Over the past decades, honeysuckle has literally burst into Russian gardens!
From a once rare culture, now honeysuckle has become one of the main berry bushes in our gardens.
However, the price of honeysuckle berries is kept at a very high level... For example, in Ukraine the price of a kilogram of honeysuckle berries is 5-7 times higher than the cost of garden strawberries, and in Moscow - 3-5 times more. In Novosibirsk and Tomsk, honeysuckle always bears fruit better than strawberries, and even there it is 1.5-2 times more expensive than it.
Honeysuckle with tasty and healthy fruits, which gives large yields, is the pride of Russian scientists and the hope of our gardeners.
In the selection of honeysuckle, Russia is significantly ahead of other countries, having serious successes and advantages. After all, our climate is the best suited for growing this wonderful berry crop. And in milder climates, it is difficult to get large yields of honeysuckle.
Let us consider in detail the advantages and nuances of growing honeysuckle, and also talk about the decorativeness of this berry crop and the benefits of its berries, we will review the best and newest varieties of honeysuckle.
The advantages of honeysuckle over other berry crops
Honeysuckle is one of the most winter-hardy crops grown in Russian gardens. Being in a period of deep dormancy, shoots and buds of honeysuckle without damage tolerate severe frosts (-45 ... -47 degrees).
There is a known case when in Chelyabinsk honeysuckle bore fruit even after an abnormally severe winter with record frosts (up to -52 degrees), which happened in 1978-1979.
To compare the frost resistance of honeysuckle and other berry crops: raspberry buds die already in frosts of -32 ... -36 degrees; leaves and horns of garden strawberries - at –16… –18 degrees; the threshold of winter hardiness for most cultivated apple varieties is -38 ... -40 degrees.
Honeysuckle is the most resistant to return frost garden berry crop during the flowering period. Flowers of currants, strawberries, apple trees, cherries, plums die already at zero temperature or only at -1 degrees of frost. And honeysuckle flowers can withstand prolonged frosts up to -4 ... -6 degrees, and short-term ones up to -7 degrees.
Taking into account the fact that, according to statistics, orchards in the Urals, Altai and Siberia, on average, after 4-6 years remain without a harvest of various berries due to spring frosts, the honeysuckle continues to bear fruit regularly.
Since spring frosts do not damage the flowers and fruits of honeysuckle, this plant can be considered a “lifesaver” for gardeners. Indeed, even in the most unfavorable years for weather conditions, honeysuckle regularly rewards us with harvests of berries.
Undoubtedly, the unique longevity of honeysuckle also belongs to the advantages of this plant. For comparison: a black currant bush retains productivity from 4-5 to 7 years; red currant bush - up to 15 years. Raspberries are most productive at the age of 2-4 years, and then the bush grows old, and its yield decreases. Garden strawberries are most productive up to 3 years of age.
Honeysuckle retains high productivity until the age of 25-30 years, and often up to 40 years or more. There are known cases of 150-year-old honeysuckle bushes that bear fruit well under favorable conditions. This is an indicator of durability!
Think about it: not only your children, but also your grandchildren, and even your great-grandchildren, will be able to enjoy berries from the honeysuckle bush that you will plant in the coming autumn!
From the longevity of the bush edible honeysuckle the high profitability of this culture follows.
After all, more than half of the cost of laying a new berry garden falls on the planting material. And for the gardener there is a significant difference: to spend money on new seedlings every 5 years or in 25-40 years!
RATE AND FERTILITY
Honeysuckle is a very early maturing culture.
In terms of early maturity, honeysuckle rivals only garden strawberries and raspberries.
Honeysuckle bushes often begin to bear fruit already in the year of planting. And the first marketable harvest of useful berries is usually given by honeysuckle seedlings in 2-3 years.
In our gardens, honeysuckle has no competitors in terms of early maturity. In Central Russia, in the Southern Urals and the South of Western Siberia, early varieties of honeysuckle ripen in the first decade of June. And until the earliest varieties of other berries (for example, garden strawberries and raspberries) ripen, about two more weeks remain.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASES AND PESTS
Honeysuckle bushes are resistant to most pathogens and insect pests. This means that caring for honeysuckle is relatively simple.
In addition, in the absence of diseases and pests, there is no need for chemical treatments of plants. This means that the berries from healthy bushes of honeysuckle will be environmentally friendly, without any hazardous to health "chemistry".
BEAUTY, PLEASURE AND USE
Honeysuckle is beautiful at any time of the year, many people fell in love with this very spectacular fruit plant. Gardeners who have become fans of this hassle-free and high-yielding culture strive to create a collection of honeysuckle with fruits different sizes, shape and taste.
Honeysuckle bushes different varieties can be used as a decorative hedge where they bear fruit perfectly when cross-pollinated.
The berries of cultivated honeysuckle are delicious and very healthy.
Wild edible honeysuckle different types, on the basis of which cultural forms were created, often has a strong bitterness in taste. And the berries of modern varieties of honeysuckle are completely devoid of bitterness. Their taste is harmonious, sweet and sour, very pleasant, reminiscent of forest blueberries. Honeysuckle varieties with a taste of prunes, cherries, wild strawberries have been bred.
The skin on the berries is very thin, the flesh is tender. The seeds in the fruits of honeysuckle are very small, they are practically not felt.
In the photo: a branch of Amphora honeysuckle.
Honeysuckle juice has a beautiful dark ruby color, so it is often used to tint light compotes from white berries and fruits.
From the fruits of honeysuckle, excellent jam and vitamin raw jam are obtained. Moreover, if the fruits of low-bitter forms and varieties of honeysuckle are used for processing, then the bitter taste in the resulting culinary product disappears.
Honeysuckle berries can be frozen without losing their beneficial properties.
The use of honeysuckle for medicinal purposes
Honeysuckle fruits are the very first berry in the garden, they must be consumed by people of all ages.
It has been noticed that bitter-fruited forms of honeysuckle are medicinally more valuable than varietal sweet-fruited plants.
Contemporary research found in the fruits of honeysuckle specific substances capable of removing salts of heavy metals from the body.
Honeysuckle berries, valuable from a food and medicinal point of view, supply the body with a rich complex of vitamins and minerals, normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. They are recommended for people who have undergone infectious diseases, as well as those engaged in heavy physical and mental labor.
Honeysuckle berries are an excellent help for those suffering from hypertension. Just a handful healing berries able to gently reduce high blood pressure for a long time.
Fresh or frozen honeysuckle berries are a good antipyretic agent.
Not only honeysuckle berries have medicinal properties, but also other parts of this wonderful plant.
A decoction of honeysuckle flowers in our folk medicine has long been used to treat headaches and dizziness.
In Tibetan folk medicine, a decoction of annual branches of honeysuckle together with leaves is used as a powerful diuretic.
The peoples of Siberia and Altai use the juice of honeysuckle berries to treat festering wounds and various skin diseases, and a decoction of honeysuckle leaves is used for gargling for diseases of the throat and oral cavity. Powder from dried leaves is sprinkled on wounds. This application is due to the strong antiseptic properties of honeysuckle leaves. According to this indicator, their effect on the body is equivalent to the action of decoctions of eucalyptus, sage, chamomile.
Honeysuckle Russian selection
Today Russian varieties of honeysuckle are out of competition in the world. They are exceptionally tasty and large-fruited. For example, in Tomsk, interesting forms of honeysuckle with long berries (more than 4 cm in length) were obtained.
Russian varieties of edible honeysuckle are very productive: they give 4-6 kg of excellent berries from a bush. It is also valuable that their fruits do not crumble after ripening.
And the wonderful taste of our varieties of honeysuckle deserves many praises - it can be compared with the pleasant flavors of the best tropical berries and fruits!
In the photo: a branch of honeysuckle with fruits of the "Nymph" variety.
About 20 years ago, I witnessed how in Chelyabinsk, at the Institute of Horticulture, the fruits of Russian honeysuckle varieties were first tasted by breeders from Holland. Their delight knew no bounds!
After tasting our varieties of honeysuckle, one of the Dutch scientists said: “I don’t understand why the Russians should be engaged in the selection of other crops, for which they lagged behind us for decades, when they have such a miracle - honeysuckle!”.
Grow the best varieties of honeysuckle in your garden, yielding large yields of delicious fruits, and an abundance of the very first summer berries for your family.
Alexander Ivanovich Sidelnikov (Magnitogorsk)
Ordering the best varieties of honeysuckle from Sady Rossii
All varieties of honeysuckle are self-fertile, i.e. for the fruiting of these plants, it is imperative to ensure cross-pollination of flowers with pollen of different varieties. And if you plant several honeysuckle bushes of the same variety in the garden, then even after the abundant flowering they will still not have fruits ...
For successful pollination flowering plants Place several honeysuckle bushes of different varieties in the garden, compactly, close to each other (at least plant three varieties). And then a full-fledged cross-pollination of their flowers and, therefore, regular high yields of honeysuckle will be provided to you!
The best domestic varieties of honeysuckle are collected in the collection of the Sady Rossii company:
- "Nymph"(see the first and third photos) - the newest and best, to date, honeysuckle variety. Fruits are bluish-blue with a waxy coating, elongated-fusiform, large, with a strongly bumpy surface. The average fruit weight is 1.16 g. The taste of berries is sweet, with a strong pleasant aroma; tasting taste score of 4.8 points. The best pollinator variety "Amphora".
— "Amphora» (see the second photo) - fruits are bluish-blue without aroma, pitcher-shaped, with an even, regular roller at the top, large, with an average weight of 1.05 g. The taste of berries is sweet and sour; tasting score of 4.5 points. The best pollinator variety "Bazhovskaya".
- "Bazhovskaya"- berries are large, with an average weight of 1.25 g, sweet, with a delicate aroma. The bush is compact. A very reliable dessert variety with consistently high yields, winter-hardy. The best pollinator variety "Amphora".
- "Long-fruited"- the fruits are violet-blue with a waxy coating, with an average weight of 1.16 g. large berries close to cylindrical, slightly laterally compressed. Dessert fruit taste, sweet and sour; tasting score 4.6 points. The best pollinator variety "Morena".
- "Morena"- fruits are blue-blue with a strong waxy coating, elongated-pitcher-shaped, with an average weight of 1.7 g. Sweet and sour taste with a weak aroma; tasting score of 4.5 points. The best pollinator variety "Dlinnoplodnaya".
- "Leningrad Giant"- large-fruited, winter-hardy variety with very tasty large fruits... The berries are elongated-flat, lumpy, blue with a beautiful bluish bloom. Bushes are vigorous, slightly spreading. The best pollinator variety "Morena".
— « Sweetheart "- the newest, extremely high-yielding, promising variety. The fruits are not very large, but sweet and have a strong aroma. Berries with a thick waxy coating, almost regular cylindrical shape. The best pollinator variety "Violet".
- "Violet"- fruits are bluish-blue with a waxy bloom of medium intensity, with a pointed tip, slightly curved, large, with an average weight of 1.14 g. The taste of berries is excellent sweet and sour; tasting score 4.7 points. The best pollinator variety "Slastena".
- "Cubic zirconia"- the variety has a powerful beautiful bush, winter-hardy, large-fruited. Fruits weighing 1-1.5 g, sweet and sour, excellent dessert taste. The best pollinator variety "Amphora".
Order saplings of the best and newest varieties of honeysuckle for the fall from the Sady Rossii company, with free postage!
You can order seedlings through the Internet store of the Sady Rossii company
Or place your order by phone, a free call at 8-800-100-00-66
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Honeysuckle cultivation
Self-cultivation of honeysuckle
Growing honeysuckle has become a favorite pastime for many gardeners. There are just a few simple rules to follow to grow honeysuckle. useful plant, well-fruiting, luxuriantly blooming more and more often began to appear on personal plots. Honeysuckle is a deciduous, low-growing shrub with a height of 1 to 1.5 meters. It has berries of blue-black or dark blue color, elongated-oval in shape, sweet and sour in taste.
Why is honeysuckle useful?
Edible honeysuckle is a collective term that includes several blue-fruited species: edible, Kamchatka, Hegel, Turchaninov, Altai. Honeysuckle fruits contain 8% sugar, from 1 to 5 organic acids, pectins, tannins, P-active compounds (antacyans, catechins), provitamins A1, B2, B1, vitamins C, as well as various trace elements: calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, calcium, copper, iron, iodine, aluminum, barium, silicon, strontium, manganese.
When honeysuckle bushes begin to bear fruit
Honeysuckle is a very cold-resistant plant. It is able to withstand frosts below 50 degrees. Propagated by all means - seeds, layering, green and lignified cuttings.
In fairness, it must be said that self-cultivation honeysuckle seedlings are a long-term process, so it is still better to purchase them in a nursery. Honeysuckle seedlings begin to bear fruit in the third or fourth year after sowing the seeds. If reproduction occurs by cuttings, then the plant can give the first berries after rooting the next year, but the harvest will be small.
Only in the sixth or seventh year, one bush can yield more than one kilogram of berries. The yield of the bush will increase up to 15-17 years of age. Until that time growing honeysuckle most productive.
When the yield of the bush begins to fall, the bush can be renewed by cutting off all the branches to the base. The total life span of a plant is 20 to 25 years.
Soil preparation and planting of honeysuckle seedlings
Honeysuckle is not very demanding on the soil, the only thing is that it gives preference to wet, but drained areas. When starting to plant honeysuckle, you need to prepare the pits in advance in which the bush will be planted. A hole is dug with a depth of about 40 cm.
Fertilizer must be added to it, which consists of 3 kg of humus, 300 g of ash and 3 tbsp. spoons of nitrophos. Then, in the pit, all this is mixed with the top layer of the earth and poured with a solution of fluff lime at the rate of 1 glass of lime per 10 liters of water. After 2-3 days, you can plant honeysuckle.
It is very important that the root collar is 5-7 cm below ground level. For the next week and a half, you need to make sure that the ground under the bush is always wet. It is advisable to water from a watering can so that the earth is moisturized gently.
Honeysuckle care
Every year, it is advisable to add dung or vegetable humus under the honeysuckle bush, remove weeds, loosen the soil in order to improve the access of air and water to the roots. If the weather is dry, then you need to do regular watering.During the growing season, it is advisable to do at least 3 additional fertilizing.
In dry weather, liquid dressings are made, and in rainy weather, dry ones are poured under the bushes. The first dressing is done in the spring. To do this, prepare a solution: add a tablespoon of fertilizer for berries and a tablespoon of nitrophos to 10 liters of water.
An adult fruiting bush requires a large bucket of solution, and for young bushes 3 liters of solution is enough. The second feeding should be done at the stage of setting the berries. To do this, prepare a solution consisting of one tablespoon of potassium sulfate, two tablespoons of nitrophos and 10 liters of water.
For an adult bush, about 20 liters of solution is needed, and for a young bush, 5 liters of solution is enough. The third top dressing is done in the fall. This time, three tablespoons of superphosphate and two tablespoons of potassium sulfate are diluted in 10 liters of water.
For the third feeding, the same solution is needed as for the second feeding. The shrub has a well-developed root system, which is located mainly at a depth of 20 to 40 cm, so the cultivation of the soil around the plant can be carried out without any restrictions. Growing honeysuckle- this is not only a significant addition to your table (wonderful preserves, jams, compotes are prepared from honeysuckle), but also a delight for aesthetes.
By correctly placing several different varieties on your site, you can get from the cultivation of honeysuckle not only healthy berries, but also aesthetic pleasure. garden shrubs and cyclic salads endive and escariol. Read Business Gardening and work on your garden and vegetable garden with us.
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10 secrets of harvesting honeysuckle
Many gardeners and summer residents, having planted honeysuckle on the site, are disappointed with its yield. Despite the fact that the culture is very unpretentious, high yields can be obtained by observing some rules or secrets, if you like.
It is the variety that largely decides the success of the business. Having planted a plant accidentally acquired on the market, perhaps even a seedling from a neighboring plot, you will not achieve the results in the future that you could get from a good variety with high potential. preference will depend on your taste preferences and how you intend to use the crop. If mainly for fresh consumption, then choose fruit varieties with a dessert flavor, different ripening times, for example: Amazon, Long-fruited, Maria, Elizabeth, Zarechnaya etc. These are varieties (Chelyabinsk) with excellent taste, estimated at 5 points.
Since honeysuckle berries are a perishable product (even in the refrigerator they are stored for no more than two or three days), then with a significant harvest most of his. most likely, it will go for processing or freezing. For this purpose, varieties with a slight sourness or bitterness are better suited, for example Lenita, Gerda, Blue Spindle and so on. Because of the bitterness present, many people like processed products from them more. Although this is a matter of taste, of course, there can be no consensus here, but here I want to note that honeysuckle is a very plastic culture, and therefore on the site you can successfully grow not only zoned, local varieties, but also varieties bred in other regions , with other soil and climatic conditions.
Such varieties can be superior in a number of ways to local ones. See also: Honeysuckle (photo) planting and care 2. Ensure good pollination of honeysuckle Since honeysuckle is a cross-pollinated plant and practically does not yield a crop on single-variety plantings, the most important condition for obtaining high yields is not planting two or three bushes of different varieties (as is often recommended), but 10-15 bushes or more. , honeysuckle will bear fruit, of course, but you will not get high yields.
More than 40 varieties grow on our site. They pollinate each other well and do not cease to delight with a high yield. V last years the Lenita variety of the Chelyabinsk selection was especially distinguished by its yield.
We have it like a lifesaver. Every year we collect 10-12 liters of berries from each bush of this variety. I believe that such a crop is largely due to good pollination between varieties.
Therefore, it is advisable that all varieties on your site be different, since there are plenty of good varieties, for every taste, and every year more and more new ones appear. 3. Attract pollinating insects to the site The yield of honeysuckle largely depends on the effectiveness of fruit setting, which in turn depends on weather conditions and the presence of pollinating insects during flowering. Honeysuckle is pollinated mainly by bees and bumblebees, but the most effective pollinators are bumblebees.
They are more likely to attend group landings. Therefore, it is advisable to place honeysuckle not in a row, like raspberries or currants. and in a curtain (group) and, if possible, closer to the neighboring bushes.
Ideally, plant bushes in the corners at the junction of four plots, by agreement with your neighbors. At the same time, you can do with fewer bushes. An effective technique for attracting insects to the site is to spray all berry crops (including honeysuckle) at the beginning of flowering with a solution of sugar or honey: 2 tbsp. spoons per 10 liters of water. varnish as different crops bloom at different times, it is better to spray such a spraying in two or three steps.
If it is windy during flowering. damp, cool weather, then for better fruit setting, it is good at the beginning of flowering to spray the bushes with the preparations "Ovary" or "Bud", which stimulate fruit formation. Good results are also obtained by spraying plants in the budding phase with a tank mixture of Zircon (1 ampoule) and Cytovite (2 ampoules) per 10 liters of water. 4.
Choose the right landing site Another, no less important condition for obtaining high yields of honeysuckle is the obligatory planting of it in an open, sunny place.It is good if the plantings are protected from the prevailing winds by tall trees or buildings. If the bushes are in partial shade, the yield of honeysuckle will sharply decrease, since the plants will constantly be in a state of oppression, and reproductive buds will be poorly laid. Therefore, if possible, transplant it from the shade and partial shade to sunny place.
If your bushes are small, it is relatively easy to do this (honeysuckle has a compact, very fibrous root system). Sometimes in the literature there is a recommendation to plant honeysuckle in a 1 by 2 m pattern. and will lead to lower yields. On our site, the bushes are planted according to the 1.5 by 2.0 m scheme, and here and there in the row the bushes have already closed.
With a sparse scheme, it is easier to care for honeysuckle, you can approach each bush from all sides when picking berries, pruning, weeding. The optimal distance between bushes in a row is 1.5-2.0 m, between rows -2.0-2.5 m This is taking into account the fact that honeysuckle will grow and bear fruit in one place for 20-25 years. 5. Avoid thickening of the honeysuckle crown A feature of honeysuckle is its high shoot-forming ability, leading to a rapid thickening of the bush.
To prevent this, an annual, early spring thinning pruning is required. It is also necessary so that the bumblebees pollinating it can freely reach the middle of the bush. Otherwise, the crop will be concentrated mainly on the periphery of the bush!
Prepare planting pits and plant the plants correctly Honeysuckle by its nature is very unpretentious and can grow on any soil, but the best results are obtained on light, fertile and breathable soils. If it is impossible to create such conditions throughout the site, then create them at least within the planting pit, which should be at least 50-60 by 40 cm In such a pit, I usually bring 1-2 buckets of humus, about 1 liter wood ash, 30-50 g of AVA fertilizer and one or two handfuls of Agrovitkor organic-mineral fertilizer containing soil microorganisms of the genus Bacillus, which help to suppress pathogenic microflora of the soil and rapid overheating of any organic matter. Application of fertilizers in this composition and quantity contributes to the health of the soil, increases the yield and quality of honeysuckle fruits ... To improve the moisture capacity and structure of the soil (if possible), I also add 3-5 liters of vermiculite to each pit. I also use this filling of planting pits for other berry crops, sometimes adding peat, sand, dolomite flour etc. When planting, the root collar of the seedling is buried 4-5 cm below ground level, then I water it (up to 2 buckets of water per hole) and be sure to mulch with humus, peat or cut grass. 7.
Provide plants with moisture during fruit ripening It is known that the yield of honeysuckle, the size of its fruits and their taste assessment vary from year to year and largely depends on weather conditions during the ripening and filling of berries. During this period (May-June), you need to do 4-6 good watering, spending up to 4-5 buckets of water for each bush.
After watering, be sure to mulch the soil under the bushes with mowed grass or other mulching material. During the same period and until the beginning of August, I spray the bushes with the preparation "Baikal EM-1" several times. I carry out such watering-spraying directly from a watering can with a fine spray.
I spend one watering can for about 5 bushes of honeysuckle, currants, gooseberries and other berries. (True, this is a rather laborious operation.) The use of the drug HB-101 in liquid and granular form also gave a good result. Take care to protect ripening berries from thrushes with a protective net and other deterrent agents. 9.
Provide plants with good nutrition Apply organic and mineral fertilizers regularly according to the scheme of your choice. (Traditional mineral or substitute AVA.) 10. Be on the lookout! Don't stop there.
Look for, order, test new varieties: more productive, larger-fruited, with better taste. Using these simple tricks in the care of honeysuckle, you will always have a good harvest.
New varieties of honeysuckle (kamchak selection)
Although there is a lot of wild-growing honeysuckle in the forests of Kamchatka, cultivated varieties of this plant are very popular among amateur gardeners. State Register Breeding achievements included several varieties of honeysuckle at once The variety is distinguished by early and amicable ripening. Bush average size, compact.
Productivity 1.8 kg per bush. The berries are very large (average weight 1.2 g, maximum 2.2 g), desserted taste. Fruits are bluish-blue with a slight waxy bloom. The shape of the fruit is oval, the surface is slightly hilly, the skin is thin, the consistency of the pulp is tender.
The separation of fruits is light, dry. early term maturation, winter hardy. Slightly spreading bush, medium size. Productivity 2.1 kg per bush.
Fruits are large (1.6 g), with high palatability, elongated-oval, bluish blue with a waxy coating. The surface of the fruit is smooth. Tear off is dry and easy. b The shedding rate of ripe fruits is low. The variety is late ripening and has high winter hardiness.
The bush is vigorous, slightly spreading, of medium density. Fruits are medium in size (0.75-0.95 g), elongated oval, smooth surface. Difficult separation of the fetus, with rupture of the skin. The taste is sweet with a noticeable bitterness.
The yield is high. But here are two varieties transferred to the GSI. A variety of honeysuckle of a medium early ripening period, high winter hardiness. The bush is medium-sized, slightly spreading. Fruits are oblong-oval.
The color is dark blue, the surface is smooth. The skin is of medium thickness, the consistency of the pulp is tender, juicy. Taste sweet and sour, dessert, with aroma, refreshing.
The weight of one fruit is 1.2 g. The nature of the separation is dry. Yields 1.2 kg per bush in the 7th year after planting. The variety is medium early in ripening, high winter hardiness. The bush is medium-sized, slightly spreading, dense.
The fruits are large, weighing more than 1 g, elongated-oval, with a smooth surface, dessert taste. The separation of fruits is light, dry. The berries do not crumble.
Productivity in the 6th year after planting 0.8 kg per bush. To obtain pure-grade planting material of honeysuckle, it is propagated by cuttings. In the conditions of the Kamchatka Territory optimal time harvesting green cuttings with a heel - I-II decade of June, green cuttings with a top and without a top - III decade of July, lignified cuttings - II decade of August.
Recommended most effective method reproduction - green cuttings with a heel and apex (rooting rate 80-100%). garden plots two-year-old seedlings with a height of 35-45 cm take root best of all. To obtain annual high yields, you need to have from 3 to 10 plants of different varieties.
The best time for planting seedlings is the 3rd decade of August - the 1st decade of October. The soil should be well moistened, loose, without stagnant water.
Since there are very few nutrients in volcanic soils, the planting hole must be filled with sufficiently high doses of organic and mineral fertilizers, which will provide plants with enhanced growth in the first 3-4 years after planting. At least 30 kg of humus or peat compost, 150-200 g of superphosphate and potassium salt are introduced into a planting pit 40 × 40 cm in size and thoroughly mixed with the top layer of soil.
You can apply complex fertilizer Nitrofoska (300 g per bush) or Ammophos (300 g per bush), Diammophos (150-200 g per bush). © E. PETRUSHA, Senior Researcher, Kamchatka Research Institute of Agriculture and E. Churin, Chelyabinsk Region, Miass-17.
Below are other entries on the topic "Cottage and garden - do it yourself"
Honeysuckle: assortment, reproduction and cultivation
author Vantenkov V.V., photo of the company "Gardens of Russia" Honeysuckle - beautiful and fruitful, rather unpretentious fruit bush for garden. Along with such Far Eastern healing plants as lemongrass and actinidia, honeysuckle has been spreading more and more in Russian gardens in recent years. Among the honeysuckle seedlings sold on the market, the wild-growing Kamchatka honeysuckle is most often found.
Like other wild plants, it is very difficult to take root after transplanting, especially when it is already a rather big bush. In this regard, purchased Kamchatka honeysuckle saplings often perish. In addition, this type of honeysuckle is quite capricious when grown in the garden, and its yield leaves much to be desired ... Therefore, buy high-quality honeysuckle seedlings only in reliable nurseries and companies. I will share with the readers of Gardenia.ru my experience of growing honeysuckle and the results of my own testing of different varieties this wonderful culture.
Tested varieties of edible honeysuckle
The selection of the most unpretentious and productive forms of honeysuckle has been carried out for a long time, since the time of IV Michurin. With the advent of experimental stations, the selection of honeysuckle in Russia has accelerated.
Derived by Russian scientists newest varieties Honeysuckle is the best in the world and can be found in almost any location. Good adaptability, as well as the unique early maturity and usefulness of this culture have been appreciated by our gardeners in all climatic zones Countries. Fruits of garden honeysuckle of different varieties are very different in shape (from oval-elongated and pear-shaped to round) and color (from bluish-gray to almost black).
Its berries are very reminiscent of blueberries, but the honeysuckle is larger, and its fruits are denser and more aromatic, with a pleasant dessert combination of sugars and acids. I will describe the tried and tested varieties of edible honeysuckle, which have proven themselves well both in my garden and in various regions. Honeysuckle varieties. A small compact plant up to 1.5 m high. It grows well on any soil, is quite drought-resistant and decorative. This is a bushy form of honeysuckle with thin spreading branches.
Leaves are dark green, dense, 5-7 cm long. Very early flowering, not afraid of significant frosts (up to -8 degrees). The berries are dark blue, sweet and sour, somewhat pear-shaped.
Productivity 3-4 kg per bush. Honeysuckle varieties. It grows like a half-bush, half-tree, depending on the climate and soil. Very adaptable to different conditions grade. The plant lends itself even to artistic pruning.
The leaves are dark green, shiny. The berries are dark blue with a bluish bloom, the largest up to 1 g. The yield of an adult bush is 8-10 kg.
The variety is drought-resistant, tolerates severe winter frosts (up to -10 degrees without snow) and recurrent spring frosts during the flowering period. Honeysuckle variety. One of the most beautiful varieties... Sprawling shrub up to 2 m high, hemispherical, with strong and well leafy shoots.
The branches are literally covered with large bluish-blue berries of a pleasant refreshing taste, resistant to shedding. Productivity up to 5 kg.
It is an unpretentious variety that perfectly tolerates drought and harsh winters. Honeysuckle is a variety. Medium-sized bushes 1.5 m high with medium-sized green-bluish leaves. Elongated berries are medium-sized, sweet-sourish when watered. The yield is average.
The variety is shade-tolerant, frost- and drought-resistant. Honeysuckle varieties. It adapts very well to the most unfavorable conditions. Semi-bush, half-tree, has medium-sized sweet and sour berries with very dense pulp, suitable for freezing. Productivity 3-4 kg.
The frost resistance of the variety is high.
Reproduction and cultivation of honeysuckle
Honeysuckle reproduces by seeds and vegetatively - by layering and cuttings. Honeysuckle is easy to grow from full-fledged seeds from ripe berries. Their sowing depth is about 1 cm.
When sowing in spring, the seeds of honeysuckle are preliminarily stratified for 1-2 months (at a temperature of 0 ... + 3 degrees). After stratification, about 70-90% of the sown honeysuckle seeds emerge. From unstratified seeds, honeysuckle sprouts appear very stretched out (after 4-5 weeks), and only a third of the sown seeds emerge.
In this case, at the same time as sowing peppers, I recommend sowing unstratified seeds of edible honeysuckle, if there are a lot of seeds available, and the recommended stratification time has been missed. they are accustomed to this soil. It is desirable that the land for sowing honeysuckle seeds be light and fertile. I allocate a place in the house for keeping honeysuckle seedlings on the windowsill, light, without cold drafts.
Babies develop slowly at first, this is normal. I plant honeysuckle seedlings in separate cups at the age of 1.5-2 months.
Otherwise, in older plants, rather thin branching roots will be injured during transplantation. Care for honeysuckle seedlings is usual, as for any seedlings grown at home - regular watering, and careful loosening of the soil is allowed only at the very beginning. From drying out, I cover the surface of the earth with sleeping tea.
Before planting honeysuckle seedlings in the open ground, I harden them. Caring for honeysuckle is simple. Garden honeysuckle, although shade-tolerant, blooms and bears fruit more abundantly in open places.
There is no need to get involved in loosening the soil around the garden honeysuckle bush, because the bulk of the roots is located superficially. It is better to cover the ground with humus or non-rhizome weeds. For mulching, honeysuckle should not be used for sawdust of conifers! I have never observed cases of garden honeysuckle with any diseases for many years - neither on my plants, nor from friends of gardeners.
Pollination and fruiting of honeysuckle
Edible honeysuckle enters into regular fruiting early, already at 3-4 years of age. Honeysuckle seedlings developing in favorable conditions increase their yield rather quickly.
Honeysuckle lives for a very long time, the bush regularly bears fruit in the garden for decades. Seedlings of different varieties of honeysuckle mutually pollinate each other, which dramatically increases the yield of each bush. Therefore, to obtain high yields in the garden, you need to have at least three varieties of honeysuckle for cross-pollination.
If the area of your garden is small, which does not allow planting several bushes, then agree with your neighbors about joint landings honeysuckle. The distance between the planted plants can reach 15-20 m, but the closer they grow, the better for cross-pollination of honeysuckle bushes.
The main pollinating insects of edible honeysuckle flowers, which bloom in the garden as one of the first shrubs, are bumblebees, wasps and bees. taste qualities the fruits of edible honeysuckle and their chemical composition are greatly influenced by many factors. To a large extent, the weather influences - the air temperature and precipitation during the ripening period of the crop.
In hot weather, more sugars accumulate in honeysuckle berries. And cool weather with a sufficient amount of rain increases the overall acidity of the fruits, including the content of ascorbic acid. It is necessary to take into account: the amount of dry matter laid in one harvest of garden honeysuckle is invariable.
Therefore, if you give the plant extra watering, then the mass of the berries will simply increase, which will inevitably affect their taste.If there are only three honeysuckle bushes in your garden, and the need for berries is large, then I advise you to fertilize immediately after harvesting. Since mid-July, I feed the honeysuckle 2-3 times.
It is better to make top dressing from fermented weeds. And during the period of setting honeysuckle berries, feeding with an infusion of wood ash is very useful (a half-liter can of ash for a bucket of water).
Honeysuckle. Very_beautiful_decorative_plant. Caprifoli_decorate_your_plot
This will significantly improve the taste of honeysuckle berries, and increase the content of useful microelements in them. Birds (especially thrushes), which are very fond of its useful berries, can cause great damage to the harvest of honeysuckle. Therefore, ripening honeysuckle must be protected from birds.
About the healing properties of honeysuckle berries
In the berries of garden honeysuckle, all the beneficial properties of the fruits of its wild-growing ancestors are fully preserved. The rich chemical composition of early ripening honeysuckle berries (vitamins, acids, trace elements) and the strength of their beneficial effect on the body makes this plant irreplaceable in the garden.
In terms of the healing effect, edible honeysuckle berries are right behind ginseng, but the hassle of growing honeysuckle is much less! Honeysuckle berries, like rhubarb leaf cuttings growing in spring, are the earliest vitamin medicines and delicacies in the garden. Honeysuckle fruits ripen two weeks earlier than the first strawberry.
Therefore, honeysuckle berries are the very first and surest remedy for spring beriberi and various kinds of body overloads. But the most important therapeutic effect of the fruits of garden honeysuckle is anti-radiation.
For treatment, you just need to eat regularly fresh berries in such an amount that the body requires and tolerates. Fruits of edible honeysuckle have long been used in folk medicine for hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, malaria, etc. Honeysuckle berries are also used as a medicine with diabetes (type II), obesity, hypertension and diseases of the joints. Both fresh and harvested honeysuckle berries (frozen, jam, juices, compote) bring many benefits to our body, besides, they taste good and very refreshing. Grow unpretentious and productive varieties of honeysuckle in your garden, eat tasty and healthy berries for pleasure and benefit!
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Honeysuckle - care rules
Honeysuckle is blue or very valuable edible berry. It is especially appreciated as an agent that improves the strength and permeability of blood capillaries. First of all, its berries are useful for those suffering from cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, hypertension and those living
in areas with high background radiation.
However, despite the wide distribution of honeysuckle, few can boast of its good harvest. A handful or two berries are collected from the bush, the berries are often tasteless. What is the reason for the failure? First of all, in the wrong agricultural technique, and secondly, in the unsuccessful choice of the variety.
Honeysuckle is a demanding culture for growing conditions. Both dry and waterlogged places are considered unsuitable for planting. It develops better on loose and drained soils with low occurrence. groundwater... A planting hole is dug with a diameter of 25 cm and a depth of 25 - 30 cm.The bushes are planted at a distance
1 - 1.5 meters apart.
Allocate a sunny spot on the honeysuckle site. In partial shade, it will not die, but it will bear fruit much weaker. Honeysuckle needs protection from the winds. Their strong gusts can knock off flowers, greatly reducing the yield.
The most favorable time for planting is the end of summer (August) and autumn (until mid-October). Planting in spring is less desirable - at the same time, honeysuckle is very sick.
LANDING CARE
Caring for honeysuckle is determined by its biological characteristics and differs from caring for currants and gooseberries. So, it is possible to loosen the soil and remove weeds only under young bushes. In bushes older than five years of age, the roots are located superficially, and when loosening there is a risk of damage.
Caring for the near-trunk circle in subsequent years consists in annual mulching with peat, compost or rotted manure, a layer of 5 - 6 cm. Strong thickets of weeds can be treated with a systemic herbicide. This is done during the period when there are no leaves on the honeysuckle.
Honeysuckle is a moisture-loving culture and needs regular watering, especially in the first half of summer, when its shoots are growing intensively. When grown without watering, especially on heavy clay soils, the fruit can be bitter even in dessert varieties.
For feeding, it is better to use organic fertilizer, it is applied once every three years (5 - 7 kg per bush). Mineral fertilizers are applied carefully so as not to cause thickening of the crown. In autumn, it is recommended to feed the bushes with potash and phosphorus fertilizers (15 g per 1 square meter).
Seedlings begin to bear fruit already in the second - third year after planting, and in the fourth - fifth year, with good care, they reach their maximum yield.
CUTTING
The main mistake is that honeysuckle, unlike most fruit and berry crops, cannot be cut in the spring. The specificity of honeysuckle is such that it grows only at this time. And if you pinch the top of its head, then nothing new will grow on this branch this year. Other points of growth will wake up, but only for the next season. Therefore, in the first years after planting, a particularly careful attitude to the twigs is required. The best pruning period for honeysuckle is in autumn, after leaf fall.
In bushes older than 6 - 7 years old, sick, old, lean small dried twigs and numerous shoots are removed. The branches of the lower tier are also cut out, which lie on the soil and interfere with the care of the bushes. It is advisable to leave no more than five powerful branches. It is not recommended to cut off the tops of the shoots, since the maximum number of flower buds is concentrated on them.
If the bush has ceased to bear fruit, you can carry out a strong anti-aging pruning - "on the stump". Do it at a height of 0.5 m from the soil level. Soon the bush will recover at the expense of young shoots.
REPRODUCTION OF HONRY 
It is better to propagate honeysuckle green summer cuttings... They are cut from strong annual growth shoots of the current year. Shoots are ready for grafting when they do not bend when bent, but break with a characteristic crunch. Their cutting time coincides with the appearance of green fruits. Use the middle part of the shoot, preferably with two nodes (two pairs of leaves) and one internode, 7-12 cm long and 4-5 mm in diameter.
They are planted obliquely at an angle of 45 degrees, placing according to a 7x5 cm scheme. A prerequisite for rooting is high humidity of the substrate and air, warmth. Such conditions can be created in plastic and glazed greenhouses with regular watering and spraying.
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Growing honeysuckle
Honeysuckle is the first summer berry that begins to bear fruit before all berry bushes. This culture is an invaluable gift from our nature / Berry ripens even earlier than strawberries, in winter it tolerates frosts up to 40 degrees, during flowering it tolerates a drop in temperature to minus 8 degrees, while other garden plants die. The shrub is practically not sick with anything.
Honeysuckle begins to wake up early in spring, fruiting is constant from 2-3 years. It grows on any soils, including acidic ones. The roots are shallow, so cultivation can be done on soils with a close location of groundwater. Ultimately, on humus-rich and fertile soils, it grows much better and begins to bear fruit earlier. In nature, honeysuckle is found on the shores of lakes and rivers, therefore cultural varieties are also moisture-loving and like good lighting, but it also tolerates light shading.
The first varietal honeysuckle was bred in Siberia in 1987. Now new high-yielding varieties have been created with excellent taste, not crumbling fruits and healing properties... These varieties include Salute, Nizhegorodskaya early, Fire opal, Chelyabinka, Lakomka, Dlinnoplodnaya, Chernichka.
Honeysuckle care
Leaving requires a minimum of effort. During growth, give 2-3 feeding with cow or bird manure, you can replace it mineral fertilizers... In the spring, 20 grams of nitrogen fertilizers are applied to each bush, in the summer, 20 grams of superphosphate and 10 grams of potassium salt. Since mid-August, only phosphorus and potash fertilizers, they can be replaced with ash.
Until the age of 5-7 years, honeysuckle does not need pruning, after which sanitary pruning is necessary - removal of dry and broken branches. The fruits do not ripen immediately, so it is harvested in several stages. Berries can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 5 days, but it is better to use them immediately so that the beneficial properties are not lost.
How to plant honeysuckle
To get harvests from this berry, you need to know how to plant it. It is necessary to plant several varieties, as it sets the fruit by cross-pollination. If only one variety is planted, the berries can not wait. To receive high harvest you need to plant not even two, but three - four varieties. The bushes are pollinated by bees, bumblebees, they are attracted to them by a magnet. Honeysuckle is an unpretentious crop, and even with poor gardeners, with minimal care, it will bear fruit every year. Weeding and watering are carried out every 10 days per season.
How is it useful?
Honeysuckle has long been valued in folk medicine, especially by Siberian herbalists, they considered it the most valuable berry. It is believed that whoever eats this berry constantly does not get sick with anything. The plant is used in the treatment of hypertension, heart disease, anemia, tonsillitis, chronic intestinal disorders, is also used as a diuretic, general tonic, in the treatment of liver and stomach diseases, has bacterial properties, has a positive effect on the blood and nervous system, removes heavy metals from the body , helps to cope with allergies, strengthens the walls of blood vessels.
There are many vitamins of group C, B, P, micro and macro - elements. In terms of magnesium content, it surpasses all other berry crops, potassium is more than two times more than in raspberries and currants. All this priceless wealth ripens first, when there are no other berries and are not yet foreseen.
Also honeysuckle and a very decorative bush. The bushes grow without pruning, are compact themselves, and form a spherical shape. They look beautiful in spring and early summer, because of the bright emerald greenery with a bluish tint, they can be seen from afar. The best way to grow honeysuckle is along the paths, as well as on the border of the plot. It will be beautiful hedge!
Features of pruning honeysuckle: when and how to carry out the procedure
Honeysuckle - unpretentious plant... It is known for its high sprouting ability: numerous tops and strong root shoots thicken the bush if not cared for.
Do I need to prune honeysuckle
In order to bring a big harvest as long as possible, not to get sick and delight gardeners with a well-groomed look, honeysuckle needs pruning. There are two varieties of this shrub:
- decorative - serves as a decoration for the garden, correct pruning will give the bush a beautiful shape;
- edible - pleases its owners early harvest useful and delicious berries, after pruning, it begins to bear fruit more abundantly.
Why prune edible honeysuckle
Edible honeysuckle must be pruned as the main cause of poor fruiting is crown thickening. The flowers in the middle of the bush are bypassed by the bees. Berries that have managed to ripen in the depths of the bush become small and sour due to lack of lighting. Pledge good harvest- regular thinning of the bush.
Honeysuckle grows very slowly, so the first two to three years after planting do not resort to radical pruning. It is permissible to remove dry and diseased branches, as well as those lying on the ground or growing deeper into the bush.
An uncut edible honeysuckle bush will produce few berries due to the heavily thickened crown
The need for pruning decorative honeysuckle
Ornamental honeysuckle is cut to shape. A dense hedge is obtained from the bushes. Liana-like forms are placed on pergolas, arbors are decorated with them, and a "living wall" is formed from them. To grow decorative honeysuckle in the form of a trunk, its shoots, collected in a bunch, are tied to a support standing vertically. The old lower branches in the center of the bush are left to stiffen the trunk, the lower young shoots are removed.
Photo gallery: methods of growing decorative honeysuckle
With the help of the formative pruning of decorative honeysuckle, various landscape forms can be created.
Video: how to form a tree from honeysuckle with honeysuckle by pruning
When to prune honeysuckle
You can start cutting edible honeysuckle only when it is at rest. In the spring - until the buds woke up, in the fall - after the shrub leaves the leaves. Ornamental honeysuckle can be pruned throughout the growing season.
Pruning shoots happens:
Honeysuckle is a cold-resistant plant, but its branches can be damaged by frost. With sanitary pruning, dead branches affected by low temperatures, broken and dry shoots, as well as branches damaged by fungal diseases and pests are removed. Trimmed to healthy wood. This pruning is recommended every year.
Peeling bark on the branches of honeysuckle is not a consequence of the disease. This is its specific feature. Also, this culture is characterized by the presence of a large number of small dry twigs.
Formative pruning is performed on mature plants. Old branches that do not bear fruit are cut out, shoots are removed, and weak branches are shortened. Such pruning is done once every 2-3 years on edible honeysuckle and once a year on decorative honeysuckle.
Pruning honeysuckle in spring
In spring, pruning is carried out in two stages.
Video: how to prune honeysuckle in spring
Pruning honeysuckle in the fall
In the fall, formative pruning is carried out from August to October. The time is chosen depending on the climatic characteristics of a particular area. You can start work when the following conditions are met:
- the shrub has lost its foliage;
TO autumn pruning start after the growing season ends and the bush drops leaves
Pruning too early can cause untimely bud opening, and if you cut off skeletal shoots late, there is a threat of plant death due to freezing of the cuts.
In areas with harsh winters, all manipulations to form a honeysuckle bush are recommended to be carried out in early spring... Perhaps, in the first year after pruning, the harvest will not be too large, but the plant, after the stress, will quickly get stronger and will bear fruit well in the future.
How to prune honeysuckle correctly
In the first 2-3 years after planting, edible honeysuckle is not subjected to formative pruning. After 5-6 years, such an event is mandatory.
Formative pruning of honeysuckle
Pruning is carried out in several stages:
- Remove branches in the lower tier of the bush, touching the ground.
- Cut out unnecessary young growth.
- Top shoots (growing steeply vertically on perennial branches inside the crown) are cut off.
- Remove the branches that go into the bush.
- Weak and thin shoots are cut off.
- The ends of the shoots with weak growth are cut off.
- Remove old thick branches in the center of the bush that do not give growth.
- Well-developed annual shoots are not affected. It is on them that the berries will form.
Formative pruning of the edible honeysuckle bush is carried out in several stages
The edible honeysuckle bush should have about 5 strong skeletal branches. Older, thick branches in the center of the bush can be trimmed to the point of growth of the lateral shoot. Cutting points are greased with garden varnish or sprinkled with ash, or charcoal to protect the bush from infection with fungal and bacterial infections.
Branches in the place of pruning are treated with garden pitch to prevent infections
After pruning, the plant must be fed. In the spring - nitrogen fertilizers, 2 buckets per bush; in the fall they are fed with phosphorus and potassium. Water the honeysuckle before feeding.
As nitrogen fertilizers in the spring, you can use an aqueous infusion of mullein or chicken droppings, in the fall it is preferable to use wood ash.
Rejuvenating Honeysuckle Pruning
A bush over 7 years old is subjected to partial rejuvenating pruning. Selectively cut off the stems at the base, leaving a stump several centimeters high. At the same time, healthy shoots begin to form. If such pruning is carried out regularly, once every 3-5 years, the period of abundant fruiting of honeysuckle can be extended for several decades.
A neglected bush after 15 years needs radical rejuvenation (the pruning scheme is shown in the photo).
A neglected honeysuckle bush over 15 years old is cut to a height of 30-50 cm
The bush is completely cut at a height of 30-50 cm from ground level. Young shoots will form a new bush in two years. Radical anti-aging pruning can be done in the spring and fall. In areas with a harsh climate, this procedure is best done in the spring.
Features of the formation of a honeysuckle seedling
Usually two to three-year-old seedlings are purchased for planting. The edible honeysuckle seedling does not need to be pruned - this can weaken the plant and delay the entry into fruiting. Honeysuckle should form a crown within 2-3 years, after which you can start pruning the bush.
If the seedling has damaged roots, it is recommended to shorten the shoots by a third for its better survival rate.
For an ornamental honeysuckle seedling, pruning is desirable because shortening the shoots will facilitate branching.
Shortening the shoots of the ornamental honeysuckle seedling ensures their better branching
Some experts still recommend pruning the seedling after planting, leaving shoots 8 cm long. In their opinion, such preparation of the seedling will allow you to get a more lush bush. If you are planting multiple edible honeysuckle bushes, this advice can be tested in practice. Shorten a few seedlings and plant the rest without pruning.
Honeysuckle, like any fruiting either ornamental shrub, needs cropping. Correctly pruning edible honeysuckle shoots ensures that bountiful harvest berries for several decades. For decorative honeysuckle, such a procedure is necessary to give the desired shape to this beautiful plant.
24.05.2012
All gardeners have heard about the benefits of honeysuckle. This is the very first berry that can be enjoyed in the garden. But why does it bear fruit so poorly? You can literally collect a mug of berries from a bush. Such complaints can often be heard from summer residents who have recently planted honeysuckle. The reasons for low yields can be different. Knowledge of the peculiarities of this culture will help to correct the situation.
1. Good roots are needed. Usually, honeysuckle is sold as young seedlings 25-40 cm high. As a rule, these are rooted annual or biennial cuttings. In the market, private traders even sell seedlings, and their roots are also weak. A feature of honeysuckle is that it quickly enters the fruiting period, but then is in no hurry to increase the yield. First, the plant builds up the root system and only then bears fruit abundantly. How quickly the root growth process is completed depends on the growing conditions. Usually for the 4th year.
2. Soil composition. Honeysuckle grows on any soil: it yields on both sandy and clayey. But it bears fruit abundantly only on loose fertile soils. Since the plant lives in one place for a very long time, it is necessary to provide a supply of nutrients when planting. 1-2 buckets of well-rotted manure and compost are introduced into the pit. The soil is thoroughly mixed. If the plant was planted without organic matter, especially on sandy soil, regular feeding is required. And if the bush is still small, then it is worth replanting it with fertilization. Honeysuckle suffers from a lack of air in the soil, therefore it is heavy, clay soil loosen, bringing in humus and sand.
3.Humidity. Honeysuckle blooms in May. At this time, dry hot weather is often present. If there is no watering, honeysuckle can shed flowers and the first ovaries. This is especially true on sandy soils. The yield loss can be 20-30%. It is necessary to closely monitor soil moisture and regularly water the bushes. Mulch the soil under them, because in nature, honeysuckle grows in forests, where the land is always covered with forest litter.
4. Top dressing and watering. During the ripening period of the crop, in early June, additional fertilizing is needed. But you have to be more careful with mineral fertilizers. Better to use solutions organic fertilizers simultaneously with abundant watering. If there is not enough nutrition, then the plant spends a lot of energy on fruiting. At the same time, it lays few flower buds for the next season. After picking the berries, feeding must be repeated.
5. Pollinating varieties. The most common reason for low yields is the lack of pollinating plants. Often, only one honeysuckle bush or a couple of bushes of the same variety are planted in the garden. You can significantly increase the yield by planting one or several other varieties nearby (at a distance of 2-5 meters). The yield is increased even if a wild game grown from another variety is used as a pollinator.
6. Pruning. Young honeysuckle bushes do not require pruning, except for sanitary cleaning in spring. But old bushes shade themselves. At the same time, the yield decreases. Starting from 7-8 years old, the oldest, thickest branches and shoots growing inside the bush are removed from the plants. If you analyze all of the above, then honeysuckle does not require any special care: proper planting in fertile soil, top dressing two or three times a season and regular watering. And, of course, the planting of pollinating varieties.
With this care, adult plants give 4-7 kg per bush.
The most productive varieties of honeysuckle: Persistent, Fionit, Long-fruited, Chernichka, Chelyabinka, etc. Subject to the growing conditions, they give 6-7 kg per bush.
Honeysuckle was in bloom, but there were very few berries or none at all? This happens if the honeysuckle bush is planted in splendid isolation or in the company of other plants of the same variety. But for honeysuckle, cross-pollination is needed: without it, the fruits are not tied. And this is only possible between different varieties. That is why experts recommend starting not even two, but 3-5 different varieties of honeysuckle at once. If you saw green berries, but did not find mature ones, they could have been pecked by blackbirds or other birds. Only a net stretched over the bushes will save from winged pests.
Problem 2. Bitter honeysuckle
Have you been waiting for the first berries, but nobody likes their taste? Alas, the taste of the fruit mainly depends on the variety. And bitterness also refers to varietal characteristics. Depending on the weather and the quality of care, the taste may weaken or intensify, but it is impossible to completely get rid of fresh berries. But you can cook jam, jam or five minutes from them in any way you are used to and not open the jars until autumn. By this time, the bitterness will disappear without a trace, and few people believe that the jam is not made from blueberries. Well, delicious fresh berries can be obtained in only one way - to plant other varieties in the garden, sweet-fruited.
Problem 3. Plants wither
The branches of the honeysuckle dry and break, the leaves dry up, but you think that honeysuckle can not hurt anything. In fact, it is full of diseases and pests, but since this culture is relatively new, we still do not know all its enemies by sight and are not used to treating plants. Meanwhile, sick honeysuckle should be treated in the same way as with unhealthy currants. Dry branches are cut and burned, and diseased or damaged plants are treated before flowering, after flowering and after harvesting with the same preparations as currants. During the ripening of berries, "chemistry" is not used: only pollination with ash, colloidal sulfur or a 0.5% solution of soda ash is permissible.
Problem 4. Berries are crumbling
You arrived at the dacha, and all the honeysuckle berries are on the ground. You try to collect the remaining fruits, but they fall off at the slightest touch.
This behavior of honeysuckle is also a varietal feature. There is only one recipe here: to collect fruits more often and more carefully, but to plan the planting of another variety, in the description of which there are the words "the berries do not crumble."
Varieties in which the berries do not crumble
Amphora, Chosen One, Morena, In Memory of GidzyukProblem 5. Doesn't grow
You have planted honeysuckle and are looking forward to the berries. But the bushes hardly grow. This is understandable: in the first year or even two after planting, honeysuckle grows roots, and only then grows aerial part... We will be able to taste the fruits no earlier than the third year after planting. Do not try to speed up this process with feeding or other forceful methods (this is useless), just be patient. For the future, remember: so that the harvest does not postpone even longer, plant honeysuckle not in spring, but in autumn (from early September to mid-October). This will give the plants a head start for root growth for a couple of months.
Summer cuttings
Honeysuckle, black and red currants, sea buckthorn and gooseberries of the varieties you like can be propagated by green cuttings. They are cut and planted in June. Instead of special greenhouses, 5 liter plastic bottle caps can be used.
Honeysuckle is best cut during the ripening of the berries, you can take your time with sea buckthorn until early July, and plant currants and gooseberries in between.
Make a place on the shaded bed, make holes, fill them with a mixture of one part of peat and three parts of sand and moisten abundantly with water. Prepare the caps.
Cuttings should be taken not from the basal shoots and not from the depths of the bush, but from the periphery. In honeysuckle, shoots are rooted about 10-12 cm long with two pairs of leaves, in currants it is better to grab a stem with three leaves, in gooseberries and sea buckthorn you can leave 3-4 leaves. The lower leaf blades are cut off. The cuttings are dipped with the lower end in a stimulating powder for rooting, three pieces are inserted into each hole, poured from a watering can with a strainer over the leaves and immediately covered tightly with a cap. In the future, regular watering is needed.
Rooted cuttings are not transplanted in the fall: leave them at least until spring.
From a once rare culture, now honeysuckle has become one of the main berry bushes in our gardens.
Among horticultural crops, the season of ripening of fresh fruits opens with honeysuckle, which is gaining immense popularity not only among gardeners, but also industrial producers.Depending on the conditions of spring, honeysuckle ripens 7-10 days earlier than the most early varieties strawberries.
Honeysuckle is valued for the richest biochemical composition of fruits, which includes vitamin A - helping to improve the immune system, C - preventing body fatigue, iron - helping in the fight against anemia. The use of honeysuckle fruits in food contributes to the treatment of hypertension, malaria, liver and heart diseases.
Honeysuckle with tasty and healthy fruits, which gives large yields, is the pride of Russian scientists and the hope of our gardeners. In the selection of honeysuckle, Russia is significantly ahead of other countries, having serious successes and advantages. After all, our climate is the best suited for growing this wonderful berry crop. And in milder climates, it is difficult to get large yields of honeysuckle.
In the first and even in the second year after planting, no fertilizers are applied. In the future, as the bushes grow, with early spring feeding, you can use ammonium nitrate (40-50 g per bush). Phosphorus and potash fertilizers are best applied partly in spring and partly in autumn. In the spring, per bush - 30 g of superphosphate, in the fall - 30 g of superphosphate and 20 g potassium sulfate... Top dressing is combined with light watering.
Instead of top dressing, many hobbyists apply fertilizer directly to the root zone. To do this, starting from the third year after planting, they punch holes along the periphery of the crown with a crowbar, pour solutions of mineral or organic fertilizers into these holes and cover them with earth.
Of organic fertilizers, a solution of mullein in water (1: 6) or bird droppings (1:10) is used. Application rate: for young bushes - 5 liters of nutrient solution and 10 liters for fruit-bearing ones.
Honeysuckle is hygrophilous, but does not tolerate flooding. The bushes are watered as the soil dries up, but always during the critical phases of the growing season: during flowering, shoot growth (2 times), at the beginning of fruit ripening. One young bush requires 1-2 buckets of water, for an adult bush 4-6 buckets.
This culture is very tough. In seedlings, in the first year, one shoot grows from 2 to 12 cm. The main growth continues for the first three years, during which time a bush of 0.5-1 m in height is formed. It is useless to stimulate the growth of shoots with nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Transplanting bushes to a new location can be carried out from July to October.
First, I will post an article that will help answer some questions:
If in your garden there is only one honeysuckle bush or several, but of the same variety, then the berries will be with a gulkin's nose. After all, this plant is cross-pollinated.
Do you want to be with the harvest? Be sure to plant three to four varieties. Usually, with cross-pollination, half of the flowers are tied. But there are a couple of varieties with a 100% hit: Tomichka - Vasyugan, Tomichka - Pavlovskaya, Blue Bird - Blue Spindle, Long-fruited - Chelyabinka, Morena - Blue Spindle, Morena - Viola, Violet - Amphora, Roxana - Violet.
The yield is higher where areas of the meadow or forest are untouched - the habitat of bumblebees. And also in the gardens next to the apiary.
Secondary flowering of honeysuckle in autumn has become a common phenomenon in the Moscow region. Blooming buds die from low temperatures, and the yield is reduced by a third. The only thing that can be done is to change the varieties. I recommend those in which the rudiments of flowers in the buds overwinter well, which means that they have a high yield - Start, Blue Bird, Pavlovskaya, Dessertnaya, Gerda, Cinderella, Blue Spindle, Nizhny Novgorod early, Long-fruited, Amphora, Morena, Violet, Viola, Nymph , Moskovskaya-23, Titmouse, Fortune.
You will be happy with your harvest if you plant honeysuckle in good location and do not disregard her. Choose open, sunny areas. In partial shade, it bears less fruit. Too dry places, low closed basins with prolonged stagnation of water are unsuitable. Poorly affects flowers and ovaries strong winds... It is perfectly acceptable to grow honeysuckle next to black currants. They almost completely match the requirements for growing conditions. Plant only in autumn, as honeysuckle begins growing earlier than other plants and planted in spring will hurt for a long time and stunted.
Sometimes gardeners give up ahead of time because of single berries. In fact, you have to wait a long time for the harvest. In the fourth year, you can collect no more than a glass. The yield increases gradually and reaches a possible maximum by the 7th - 8th year.
Another reason for the scanty collection is incorrect pruning. Other gardeners have heard that all shrubs need this operation and cut them with the same brush.
By shortening the tops of the shoots, you only remove a large and the best part harvest.
Caring for the crown in the first 5 - 7 years, reduce to cutting branches of damaged, broken, lying. The need for regular anti-aging pruning (once every 3-4 years) by the type of thinning arises in the 8-10th year after planting. The best time is autumn, when the structure of the bush is clearly visible. Give a light to aphids
Part of the crop goes to pests. Honeysuckle fingerfly caterpillars invade berries during ripening and eat the pulp and seeds. Damaged berries turn blue ahead of time, wrinkle and fall off.
The bushes are weakened by eating shoots and leaves, rose and currant leaf rollers. Honeysuckle aphids settle on shoots and leaves almost every year. The larvae suck out the juice.
Occasionally, honeysuckle is attacked by scale insects: willow and acacia. The larvae stick to the bark and cover it with a dense shield. They enjoy the juice of the shoots. If there are few pests, it is better to deal with them manually: collect and crush. After all, they appear shortly before the ripening of the berries, when spraying with pesticides is unacceptable. Begin chemical treatment immediately after harvest. Before spraying the bushes, make sure the caterpillars are still feeding on the leaves and not pupated. Use inta-vir, decis, phytoverm against leaf-gnawing and fruit-damaging insects; against aphids - infusion of tobacco dust with the addition of laundry soap. Direct the jet to the underside of the leaves and the tops of the shoots, where the pests lurk. The berries were collected and sown again
In mid-July, some of the tops on young bushes bloom, forming summer shoots of the second growth wave. Their length is 12 - 15 cm. By the end of the growing season they become woody, full-fledged flower rudiments are laid in the buds. This contributes to the growth of the crop. Therefore, summer feeding and loosening of the soil around the bushes are needed. Dissolve one part slurry in four parts water and pour 10 liters onto the bush. In the absence of manure, use mineral water. Dissolve 25-30 g of complex fertilizer in 10 liters of water and water the bushes - 5 liters per plant. Don't forget to weed.
Although seed-grown honeysuckle does not retain the characteristics of the original variety, this method is popular with gardeners due to its simplicity. Mash ripe berries or chop with a mixer. Pour the mass with water, mix, carefully drain. And so several times. The washed seeds will sink to the bottom. They can immediately be sown into the soil from turf, peat and sand in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. The thickness of the soil in the container should be at least 7 cm, as the roots grow very quickly. Cover the seeds with a layer of soil a little more than half a centimeter thick. Seedlings appear after three weeks. They need daily watering. Plants dive at a height of 2 - 3 cm and 2 - 3 pairs of true leaves at a distance of 5 cm from one another. For the winter, boxes with winter-hardy seedlings can be left in the garden, grown in summer, and planted again in the fall.
Scientists have found that the summer sowing period accelerates the entry of plants into fruiting: in the third year, almost 90% of summer seedlings give the first harvest and only 5% of autumn and spring terms sowing. So let's get started. You can become famous in the field of selection if some seedling gives, for example, berries that are unsurpassed in size and taste. Store vitamins for the winter
Some gardeners are not satisfied with the bitter taste of berries. By the way, it increases in dry years. This season is no exception. Good, sweet, practically bitterless fruits in the varieties Nymph, Swan, Pavlovskaya, Chosen One, Long-fruited, Raisin, Lazurite, Gourmet, Nizhny Novgorod early, Titmouse, Moskovskaya 23, Herba, Cinderella, Kamchadalka, Memory of Gidzyuk.
I'll tell you from myself
that I personally met with the fact that one stand-alone bush of edible honeysuckle for 60 plots of 6 acres can produce berries the size of a "bracket".
What is better to start varieties with different terms ripening.
That the varieties of the Leningrad selection (Nymph, Morena) are sweet and not tall, the Chosen One is also good. Sweet fruits at the "Memory of Gidzyuk".
It is necessary to buy proven varieties at a low price at a variety-testing site, whose phone I gave earlier and in general I am already beginning to experience the inconvenience that, like an ass, I repeat what I already had before.
| Moscow |
| 06.07.2004 |
| 11:49:48 |