The timely and correct treatment of plants and shrubs with special substances will help to successfully overwinter the garden. One of them is urea. Spraying the garden at the beginning of cold weather will help provide it with protection for the whole winter, protect it from pests and diseases, and increase the yield several times.
What is urea, its features, how to use it correctly, preventive measures in relation to humans. All aspects of interest to gardeners are described in detail in following material... Garden processing time plays an important role, adhere to useful recommendations professionals, enjoy a big harvest.
Features of urea
Urea or urea belongs to granular fertilizers, it contains about 46% nitrogen. The tool is considered the most concentrated nitrogen fertilizer for the garden, it is also used to treat the garden. Some gardeners often confuse urea with saltpeter, which is harmful to plant leaves.
Urea is produced in the form of crystals of white, yellowish shades, which do not have any odor, dissolves in water without problems. At temperatures over 80 degrees, the dissolution process is faster, the product is perfectly distributed over all plants. The fertilizer itself does not absorb moisture well, therefore it is stored for a long time; for long-term storage, pack urea in containers.
Getting into the soil, urea steps into a reaction with bacteria, microorganisms that are in the soil. The first three days, a chemical reaction lasts, which promotes the conversion of urea into ammonium carbonate. On contact with air, the substance is transformed into gaseous ammonia.
It is thanks to this feature that urea must be embedded in the soil, the absence of this process will lead to the loss of most useful properties... Therefore, the granules that are scattered around the trees must be sealed with soil (eight centimeters) to achieve this goal.
When working with urea, consider the following aspects:
- the substance acts immediately, its positive effect persists for a long period of time;
- urea is referred to as organic compounds, but experts refer it to nitrogen-containing fertilizers;
- urea must be applied directly to the soil, the substance tends to quickly erode;
- the substance can be used in any soil, even in greenhouses and greenhouses;
- urea shows excellent results on well-moistened soil;
- in soil that has a high biological activity, urea loses less nitrogen than in soil that is neutral, alkaline;
- urea is considered the safest nitrogen-containing fertilizer, which in summer period(even if the dosage is exceeded, it does not burn the leaves);
- urea treatment of the garden is useful not only in the fall (in order to protect against frost, pests), but also in the spring (when buds are formed, the substance destroys all pests and diseases);
- also in spring the substance can slow down the growing season, the buds ripen later, which protects plants from spring frosts;
- it is impossible to get rid of stumps with the help of urea; their treatment will only accelerate the decay process;
- it is strictly forbidden to mix urea with other fertilizers (chalk, lime and others).
Advantages and disadvantages
Urea has mass positive qualities in relation to the plants in the garden. The substance is very popular among gardeners, it helps to destroy pests, improve the quality of the crop.
The advantages of the substance include:
- urea solution is quickly absorbed by various cultures, especially those sensitive to improved performance pH in the soil;
- urea helps to overcome many pests in the garden, copes with a variety of diseases;
- foliar feeding of the plant does not cause burns;
- regular feeding of plants with urea in the garden helps to increase the yield.
Any product has its drawbacks, urea is no exception:
- treat the fertilizer with care, improper storage makes the substance unusable;
- urea cannot be mixed with other fertilizers;
- when the concentration of urea in the soil is exceeded, seed germination decreases.
To obtain the desired result, adhere to the rules for processing the garden in the fall, prepare the solution correctly, observe safety precautions.
Preparing the garden for processing with urea
Before winter, insects seek cozy places for shelter from frost. Such places are considered to be fallen leaves, tree bark. That is why spraying of the garden is carried out in late autumn. Such manipulations will save trees from the invasion of scab, putrefactive diseases, and other misfortunes. As a result of garden processing, the vegetative process is accelerated, reproduction pathogenic microorganisms stops or slows down significantly.
To obtain the desired result, you need to properly prepare the plants. The process is carried out in several stages, the age of the plantings is taken into account:
Many gardeners prefer to cultivate the garden in late autumn (from early October to the end of the month). Before the very cold weather, the procedure is most favorable for plants. If the procedure is carried out in early autumn (in September), it is detrimental to plants. They will be left without vitamins and minerals, they may get burns, and shed their foliage early. The depressing state of the garden will contribute to the attack of pests in the spring, it is good if the plant survives.
For diseased plants, carry out unscheduled manipulations. Also, after treatment with urea, many gardeners whitewash trees. The combination of useful manipulations shows excellent results.
Important! It is highly undesirable to process the garden before the rain. The downpour will simply destroy the fertilizer, nullify your labors, and the plants will remain unprotected. Perform manipulations on a sunny, windless day.
Security measures
Processing trees and bushes in the garden is a useful and necessary business. The procedure is carried out using a special spray bottle that sprays the desired substance. Do not forget about safety techniques that will save you from negative impact chemicals on the body. Carelessness with pesticides leads to serious problems with health.
The supplies of any gardener should include:
- respirator;
- protective special suit;
- gloves.
Put on the entire protective kit before starting work, not only in the fall, but also in the spring.
What to do if appeared and how to stop the reproduction of harmful insects? We have an answer!
How to properly handle the garden
Trunks, branches, ground around trees should be processed. Such manipulations are excellent protection against pests and diseases. It is not recommended to exceed the dosage of the product, if the leaves have not fallen off, then the likelihood of early fall of foliage, a decrease in the frost resistance of trees in the garden, increases.
It's not just trees that need to be processed. The garden is also filled with bushes, they are sprayed in a slightly different way:
- active treatment is indicated in the case of nitrogen starvation (the plant lags significantly behind in growth, the flowering is very weak, there are no ovaries, the leaves curl into a tube, turn yellow, all the fruits quickly crumble, are formed in small quantities);
- for work, they choose earlier in the morning or late in the evening;
- for spraying shrubs, a solution is used: ten liters of water, 40 grams of urea.
Urea can be used not only in the form of a solution, the substance is scattered over the soil, covered with soil to avoid weathering of the product. Each plant requires special proportions for top-dressing:
- for cucumbers, 8 grams per square meter is used;
- cabbage, onions, tomatoes of any kind, potatoes, sweet peppers are treated with the following solution: twenty-five grams per square meter;
- groundbait of strawberries, blackberries, cucumbers or tomatoes is carried out using a solution in the proportion of ten liters of water: 25 grams of urea;
- eggplants and squash require 10 grams of carbamide per square meter.
Today, urea is considered the most popular nitrogen-containing agent. Fertilizer is considered one of the safest and most effective, it is used not only in autumn period but also in the spring. The cost is slightly higher than other similar means, because urea is obtained artificially (by synthesizing ammonia and carbon dioxide). The cost of the substance justifies the rather large cost, thanks to high efficiency, plant safety.
Further video on the benefits, properties and use of urea in a garden plot:
Attention! Only today!
You can use urea (carbamide), copper or iron vitriol, 3% Bordeaux mixture for this. But the treatment is carried out not with four of these drugs, but preferably with one of them during the period when the foliage will completely fall off, but before the onset of frost.
Autumn processing of fruit diseases with urea
It is a highly efficient granulation fertilizer containing the nutrient nitrogen necessary for plant growth and development in an assimilable form. Its mass fraction in fertilizer is 46%. Urea is the most popular spraying agent. It can be used both in autumn and spring. In the autumn, the concentration is taken at the rate of 500-700 grams per 10 liters of water. At the same time, it burns out many fungal diseases, even some of the pests that try to hibernate on fruit trees.
Treating the garden in autumn with urea is a chemical treatment, not fertilization of trees. It is carried out over the entire crown of a tree or berry bush and the adjacent ground around the tree is necessarily sprayed. Almost all pome and stone fruit crops, as well as berry bushes, are sprayed with urea.
Autumn processing of the orchard with copper sulfate
The drug is considered a fungicide to combat diseases of berry, fruit (pome and stone fruit), decorative crops... It is a good preventive measure against different types fungal diseases on plants. Concentration copper sulfate are chosen depending on the type of plant. So, for spraying apple and pear trees, as well as quince, it is necessary to make a concentration at the rate of 100 g of the drug per 10 liters of water. And for stone fruit crops, such as plums, cherries, cherries, as well as peaches and apricots, a different concentration is used - 50-75 g per 10 liters of water. The same concentration is used for spraying berry bushes.
Trees are processed after the leaves have completely fallen off, carefully processing the branches and trunk of the tree.
Our advice
Due to poor solubility ferrous sulfate v cold water, it is desirable to warm it up. First, it is advisable to dilute the vitriol in a small amount. warm water, and then mix with the main volume.
Autumn processing of trees in the garden with iron sulfate
It is a remedy for combating various garden pests, fungal spores, mosses and lichens. This remedy is used not only to fight diseases and pests, but it can also fill the need fruit trees in the gland. This element is especially necessary for apple, pear and plum.
On average, the concentration of the solution is used at the rate of 300 g of vitriol per 10 liters of water. But there are also some nuances. For example, for spraying gooseberries, currants, raspberries, 250 g of vitriol per 10 liters of water are used, for stone fruit crops - 300 g of the drug and pome crops (apple and pear) - 500 g per 10 liters of water. Spraying is carried out on a bare tree, near the trunk circle and the ground around the tree.
Bordeaux mixture for processing an orchard in autumn
Treatment of fruit trees, shrubs and berries with a 3% Bordeaux mixture is considered an effective means of autumn pest and disease control. The solution can be prepared independently: dissolve 300 g of copper sulfate in 5 liters of warm water. In the next 5 liters, dilute 400 g of lime and, constantly stirring, pour the vitriol solution into the lime solution in a thin stream.
You can buy a package of ready-made Bordeaux mixture, only then dilute it in the recommended volume of water.
Bordeaux mixture well destroys all types of spots, scab and many more fungal diseases (curl, moniliosis, coccomycosis, cloisterosporium, etc.). All shoots and trunk are processed.
It must be remembered that treatments are carried out in dry, calm weather. It is important to take measures for personal protection.
Myron Datsko, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Institute of Water Problems and Melioration of the NAAS
Photo depositphotos
The use of urea in spring processing fruit and decorative deciduous trees - efficient method protection against fungal diseases and prevention of attacks of harmful insects. When spraying with urea, nitrogen fertilization of the plants also occurs.
Characteristics of urea
This organic compound produced by chemical industry, also has another name - urea. The product contains 46 percent nitrogen, so it is a concentrated nitrogen fertilizer. Urea enters the commercial network in the form of granules of a white or yellowish tint. The substance has a weak odor, dissolves in water as completely and qualitatively as possible.
If urea is used as a fertilizer, the granules are scattered around the tree trunk and immediately added with earth, because the active substances evaporate quickly under the influence of air. Then trunk circle watered abundantly.
Using a tree preservative, a spray solution is made, usually 5 percent. As a result of chemical reactions, the components of urea are released in the form of ammonia, which has a depressing effect on fungal life forms and pests. A solution in the form of a solution allows you to treat large areas trees and is well absorbed by plants. Urea is not hazardous to the environment.
Why is urea used?
Thanks to chemical properties urea acts in several ways.
- The development of trees improves after foliar feeding urea solution.
- Autumn processing, when more than 40% of the foliage has flown off the tree, helps to strengthen the plant and its frost resistance. The solution is made the most concentrated: 8-10%.
- Vegetation fruit trees after spring spraying slows down by about a week and a half. Delaying flowering of varieties that ripen in early dates, makes it possible to avoid the threat of spring frosts.
- Urea prevents wood diseases such as scab, moniliosis, septoria, rot, cancer, and purple spot.
- Spraying with urea does not affect all pests, but clears the tree of weevils, apple blossom beetle, honeydew, aphids and some others.
- The bark is freed from moss.
- Small drops flow down the branches to the soil, enriching it.
In autumn, fallen leaves are sprayed with carbamide, which cover the trunk circle.
When is the best time to use urea?
The substance is harmless to plants, it is used several times per season. Old trees, on which signs of the disease were noticed in the summer, are sprayed with urea in the fall.
Spring processing is carried out three times.
- The first time trees and shrubs are sprayed with the establishment of warm weather, when the thermometer reaches 5 ° C. The buds are still at rest, the pests have not activated - it is easy to act on them by the contact method. In some regions, this period falls on the beginning of March.
- The next treatment is carried out during the flowering period. Leaf buds are already starting to awaken, so it is necessary to reduce the concentration active substance... The buds of leaves and flowers can burn, affecting yields. At the same time, adult foliage tolerates processing without damage.
- The third time is processed on the ovaries.
The first spraying of fruit trees and shrubs is carried out with a high concentration of urea.
Ways to use urea
For therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, a different amount of the active substance in solutions is used. When calculating the total volume, remember that for 10 m2 of garden we use 2.5 liters of working solution. No substances other than copper sulphate can be mixed with urea. This drug serves as a guarantor that pathogens and pests will be destroyed.
- Applying to the kidneys, dissolve 0.6 kg of urea in 10 liters of water.
- In early spring we also spray the trees with urea and copper sulfate. 0.7 kg of urea and 0.05-0.1 kg of copper sulfate are added to 10 liters of water.
- For subsequent treatments, take 0.5-0.05 kg of urea per 10 liters of water.
Before spraying, trees and shrubs are sometimes fed with urea additionally, scattering granules along the projection of the crown. For apple trees, they take 0.23 kg of substance, plums and cherries - 0.15 kg each. If manure or humus was laid in the fall, the rate is halved. In summer, urea is used for foliar feeding of plants.
Preparation of the solution
It is better to dilute urea in hot water, up to 80 ° C, - this way the granules will dissolve faster.
- Pour urea into the container, pour water up to a third or half of the volume, stir until the granules dissolve.
- Add powdered copper sulfate, also stirring.
- Pour into the tank, filtering the solution.
Preparing the garden for work
The good effect of treatment against diseases and pests depends on correct preparation garden. Since the fall, they remove all fallen leaves and branches, take them out of the territory of the site or burn them. This is always done. But the trunk circle is especially carefully removed if the plants have been damaged. With this approach, you can be sure that half of the insects hibernating in the cracks in the bark of affected branches and leaves are destroyed.
- In late winter or early spring, during the frost period from 0 to 10 degrees,.
- After frost metal brush clean up the lagging areas of the bark, while simultaneously removing pests from their shelters. Lichen and moss spots are also removed.
- In the first warm days, the territory of the garden is completely freed from the remnants of pruning and the trunks are dug up.
Urea will only be effective at temperatures above 5 ° C.
Rules for working with urea
Preventive and healing procedures carried out based on general recommendations.
- When working with urea and copper sulfate, they wear protective suits, glasses, gloves.
- For processing from the beginning of spring, choose a warm, windless day.
- The whole tree, branches, buds or leaves are processed.
- The best result is achieved by spraying the entire garden. It is also worth talking to neighbors in order to eliminate pests at the same time.
- The procedures are carried out in the morning or in the evening. This rule is strictly adhered to during flowering so as not to harm beneficial insects.
- It is advisable to check the weather forecast. The rain that has passed within 24 hours after treatment washes away the substance.
Urea will not protect against all diseases and pests, but the effect of cleansing the garden will be significant. In addition, the safety of the product should be taken into account. The use of urea will give a double result: plant protection and fertilization.
Urea - amides of carbonic acid, which are colorless, odorless crystals. Among gardeners and gardeners, urea (urea) is often used as a universal, highly effective granular nitrogen fertilization.
The use of urea promotes the development and growth of plants, their abundant fruiting. Urea as a fertilizer has proven itself among amateur gardeners.
1 How to use urea?
When using urea as a fertilizer in gardening or a vegetable garden, it must be borne in mind that in a few days it changes and transforms under the influence of bacteria that are in the soil.
The best results are obtained by introducing urea not only into orchards, but also into greenhouses or greenhouses. To achieve the most beneficial effect, it is necessary to quickly embed urea in the soil in order to reduce the loss of ammonium carbonate to a minimum. This action significantly increases the hit rate. nutrients, namely nitrogen, into plants.
Urea can be used on any soil as fertilizer or top dressing for garden and fruit and berry plants. Although this drug has versatility, it is worth remembering that different cultures need different amounts fertilizers. Therefore, the nutritional supplement must be applied in specific doses depending on the plant.
Urea treatment of the garden and vegetable garden as fertilizer during the growing season is used:
- for processing cabbage, peppers, onions, beets, tomatoes, potatoes and garlic 19–23 g / m²;
- for feeding peas or for cucumbers, about 6-9 g / m² are applied;
- for zucchini, eggplants and squash 10–12 g / m²;
- for cereals 300 grams per hundred square meters in granular form;
- to protect against pests and diseases in the garden, foliar feeding vegetable crops 9-15 g. For every 10 liters. water;
- for garden strawberries and strawberries. Fertilizer is applied to the soil before planting berries. Before the appearance of ovaries and buds, spraying with urea 10 gr is used. for 2 liters of water. To increase the yield, top dressing is performed with a concentrated solution of 60 gr. for 20 liters of water at the beginning of September or at the end of August.
1.1 Features of application, properties and consumption of urea as fertilizer (video)
2 Fertilizing plants
To get a full harvest of cucumbers, you need to feed them. Without feeding, plants are prone to poor fruiting and early fall of foliage.
Cucumbers can be fed from the beginning of seed germination to their fruiting period. Plants are saturated with organic substances and useful elements. Urea as a top dressing for cucumbers is applied in a volume of 7-8 grams per meter of plot.
Fertilization must be carried out twice during the entire growing season. To increase yields, cucumbers are fed with a concentrated mixture: 60 grams of urea per 20 liters of water.
2.1 How to dilute urea for garden treatment?
With the use of granules, everything is clear, you just need to measure the desired weight, and then fertilize the soil. So special attention requires the dilution of urea, because many, especially novice farmers, are interested in the question of how to correctly make a solution of the desired concentration from it.
2.2 Spraying the garden from pests in the spring
Spraying the garden in spring can be carried out using copper sulfate; it is recommended to start processing in March, when the air temperature is plus 5 and above.
Every summer resident wants a cozy and beautiful garden all year round, for this you need the trees to be healthy. From pests and their larvae need to be sprayed in early spring fruit trees... To begin with, pruning, inspection of trees and cleaning of old bark and lichens are carried out.
It is necessary to spray before the buds awaken, because the purpose of this event is to destroy pests that are in the wintering stage: honeydew, aphid eggs, apple flower beetle, weevil. An early spring spraying of the garden with a double action method allows you to achieve maximum effect.
For this, a proportion is used: carbamide (urea) with 3 percent copper sulfate in a proportion of 10 liters of water, stir 700 grams of carbamide 50-100 grams of copper sulfate. Such a solution will relieve overwintered garden pests and provide sufficient fertilizing for bushes and trees in the form of nitrogen fertilizer. The trees being sprayed will have a great spring start.
2.3 Autumn processing of the garden with copper sulfate and urea
Every garden, even the most well-groomed one, is not immune from diseases and pests. This is especially true of the defeat of apple trees with scab. Insects and wind carry disease-causing spores, and wet weather promotes infection.
Scab damages leaves and shoots, it disfigures crops.
From scab in the next season, the destruction of disease-causing spores in the fall will help.
The tree is sprayed with a solution that has the original name - Bordeaux mixture. It is used by gardeners to combat large quantity infections. You need to spray apple trees with a solution that is prepared from copper sulfate 400 grams and 300 grams of lime diluted in 20 liters of water. Autumn processing of apple trees will save trees and crops from diseases and pests.
Also, in the fall, currants and grapes are processed with urea. In the fall, currants are treated with urea to destroy pests and to prevent decay of the root system. With the onset of cold weather, humidity rises, which is the optimal environment for the appearance of diseases and widespread infection. For this, autumn processing garden urea in the form of spraying.
Grape processing in autumn is effective method pest control. Spraying with urea will rid the grapes of the leafworm and phylloxera. Any fungicide can be added to the solution to enhance the effect.
Treating the garden with urea will help gardeners protect their plants and fruit trees from pests, and the roots from decay. For best results it is necessary to use the drug in correct proportions and in a certain period of time. The processed crop will be bountiful and rich. Carbonite - universal feeding, it will help in the growth of garden and vegetable garden plants.
