Having familiarized yourself with the theoretical part of what a pergola is, types, forms and styles, you can proceed directly to the practical part - how to make a pergola with your own hands for a summer residence.
Depending on the type of pergola and the complexity of the structure, the work can take from one to several days, and is carried out in several successive stages, from the idea to planting plants and decor.
How to make a wooden pergola with your own hands - step-by-step instruction
Stage 1 - design
The pergola project itself is not complicated, because their variety does not leave imprints on stylistic solutions, the pergola device includes support posts, decorative sections and a roof. When developing a project of a wooden pergola, you need to take into account:
- the roof and walls are designed to provide maximum shade in the midday heat. It is important to take into account the location of the pergola, the presence of trees and buildings nearby;
- sufficiency of lighting. The pergola creates a pleasant shade, rather than hiding part of the area from the sun. Therefore, the design of the pergola must provide sufficient light to ensure the vital activity of plants and a pleasant stay in the pergola;
Advice. It is better to place the pergola with an entrance group from north to south. This allows the intensity to be reduced. daylight due to the width of the slats, and provide evening and morning lighting due to the gaps between the slats.
- plot size and purpose. Pergola for roses, grapes or for relaxation - different in design and functionality;
Note. The size of the pergola is determined by the size of its roof. When they say "the size of the pergola is 2,000 by 2,000" - they mean exactly the size of the roof slope.
- pergola manufacturability. At the design stage, it is decided whether it will have lighting, a fountain, a barbecue, a kitchen, etc. Pergolas for summer cottages are usually made light and small, for country houses- larger and more functional;
- take into account the design of the rest of the buildings on the site. The stylistic unity of all components emphasizes the thoughtfulness of the landscape design and the sense of style of the home owners.
Stage 2 - the cost of purchasing a pergola
At this stage, we will consider how the price is formed and what makes up the cost of the pergola.
The simplest and fastest solution would be to purchase a ready-made structure. Moreover, you can buy a pergola as a whole or in sections, and you can also order the manufacture of a pergola according to a drawing.
The price of a pergola is determined by many factors, their importance is listed in descending order:
- making a pergola according to a drawing is the most expensive option. The cost depends on the material of manufacture, timing, complexity of the drawing, etc .;
- purchase of a finished structure with subsequent installation. The kit is good because it contains all the necessary components. So, the sales leader is the metal prefabricated pergola for plants;
- buying a drawing and making a pergola with your own hands;
- drawing development and stage-by-stage production. In this case, work is carried out depending on the frequency of receipt of funds. This option is the most budgetary.
Stage 3 - making a wooden pergola with your own hands
Pergola drawing
Having chosen a place and having decided on the purpose of the pergola, a drawing is being prepared. The correct scheme will make it possible to accurately determine the amount of material required, think over the connection points, take into account nearby buildings and trees, and also visualize the project as a whole.
According to professionals, the only static parameter of pergolas is their height, for example:
- garden pergola for climbing plants(optimum height up to 1,500 mm)
- pergola for relaxation - up to 2,500 mm.
The rest (width, length) - at the discretion of the owner. It is important to provide here: the width, the length of the pergola, the dimensions of the supports, the distance between the support posts, between horizontal bars, determine the size of the roof and the amount of its overlap (overhang).
Note. It is advisable to make the structure of the arch proportional, as well as to take the width of the pergola equal to or greater than its height - this will give the structure stability.
The scheme of the pergola, with the dimensions applied to it, serves as a starting point for starting work.
Consider how to make a pergola with your own hands using the example of a country pergola for relaxation.
What to make a pergola for grapes and climbing flowers?
Depending on the material used, there are:
- wooden;
- forged;
- metal;
- plastic;
- stone or brick;
- combined.
Building material for a pergola made of wood
The material for the pergola must be chosen based on the style of the site. Regardless of the material, the design should look light and elegant.
To build a wooden pergola 3000x4200, 2500 mm high. you need to prepare:
- timber 100 * 100 * 3 300 mm - 4 pcs .;
- longitudinal beams 50 * 150 * 4 500 mm - 4 pcs .;
- cross beams 40 * 100 * 3000 mm - 7 pcs .;
- rail 40 * 40 * 4000 mm - 10 pcs.;
- rail 20 * 40 mm for lathing (trellis);
- crushed stone, sand, cement, water - for the foundation solution (screw piles or metal supports can be used);
- fire retardants (save from fire), antiseptics (save from rotting and pests), waste oil, resin or roofing material (for processing the lower part of the supports), varnish or paint;
- screws, nails, screws, metal corners 40*40.
Tool: mortar container, shovel, level, plumb line, trowel, chisel, hammer, hacksaw, jigsaw, planer, tape measure, rope and pegs, garden drill, drill.
Note. All lumber needs to be processed prior to production.
Pergola foundation
Preparation of the base for the construction of a pergola includes leveling the surface, marking the place in accordance with the drawing, digging a trench for a shallow strip foundation... In practice, the construction of pergolas is not always accompanied by pouring the foundation. When choosing how to fix a pergola on the ground (in the ground), you need to know that there are 4 ways to make a solid foundation:
Method 1 - pergola without foundation
This method is suitable for those who make a pergola for flowers. The lightweight structure of the garden pergola made of wood is designed to support light climbing plants. To install it, it is enough to prepare two support pillars and secure them securely.
Method 2 - pergola with strip foundation
To install a strip foundation on the site, you need to make a markup, dig a trench for pouring concrete. The depth of the trench depends on the type of soil, but rarely exceeds 400 mm. At the bottom of the trench, a crushed-stone-sand cushion must be laid and carefully rammed. Next, a formwork is constructed, into which concrete is then poured. Work should be stopped until the concrete is completely dry.
Method 3 - a pergola with a columnar or pile foundation
The easiest, fastest and most rational way to make a base for a pergola. The use of a columnar or pile foundation allows you to install a pergola anywhere, regardless of the terrain, does not require lengthy preparatory work, does not violate the integrity of lawns, and has a long period of operation.
This method is ideal for those who are engaged in decorating the garden at the time of its flowering and decides how to install a pergola in the ground without harming the plants. Pointed anchors make it possible to install pergola supports anywhere. However, their disadvantage is low bearing capacity. For example, a metal pergola for grapes will require additional reinforcement.
Advice. When arranging the foundation for a pergola, you need to remember the rule: the deeper the base of the foundation is, the greater its bearing capacity will be.
4 way - pergola on anchors
The choice in favor of this method is often made by those who install the pergola on an existing base.
At the same time, the installed metal anchors are able to withstand the weight of the pergola, taking into account the load created by the weight of the plants and the wind load.
Installation of pergola supports
The frame for the pergola consists of vertical supports, horizontal beams and crossbars. The reliability and maintainability of the entire structure directly depends on the installation of supports.
How to install vertical pergola posts
For the installation of vertical supports, a hole in the soil is prepared with a garden drill. Sufficient depth depends on the height of the pergola and is equal to 1/3 of it. That is, at a height of 2,500, you need to deepen the beam by 800 mm.
During installation, the following rules must be observed:
- treat the timber in any way that excludes the likelihood of damage to the wood (most often this is used engine oil, resin, roofing felt or special impregnations);
- make special grooves in the upper part of the support. They are needed in order to install the roof;
- arrange a sand pillow at the bottom of the recess. The stronger the base of the support, the less likely it will sag and the whole structure will squirm;
- install the support and check its verticality using a level;
- concrete the support and continue work only after the concrete has gained strength;
- the supports should be installed at the same distance from each other (but the pitch of the posts is not more than 1,500 mm). So the design of the pergola will look more harmonious.
Note. If a gate is supposed to be in the pergola, it is necessary to provide for the installation of additional supports, as well as mark the place of installation of the hinges (awnings). According to users, it is advisable to give preference to hinges that open in both directions.
Installation of horizontal beams
The horizontal beams are used to support the crossbars. The beams are attached to the supports using 40x40 mm steel corners.
Note. Some masters, even in this case, advise to strengthen the junction with staples, brackets, or self-tapping screws.
Installation of crossbars (roofs)
The crossbeams that form the roof of the pergola are attached to horizontal beams. Outwardly, they are a set of wide slats, which are located vertically at the same distance. They look like blinds. The crossbeams are fixed with nails "on the oblique". Thus, their fastening resistance to wind load increases.
Straight beams are easier to manufacture, pergolas and arches made of wood - they look more impressive in the landscape design of the site.
Note. The roof can be covered with a tarp to protect the resting space from the rain.
Installation of trellis panels
Trellis panels are sections that form the pergola walls (if any). As a rule, they are wooden sections filled with thin strips. Less commonly, panels with stretched wire or rope are used.
The trellis panels are attached to the support posts with self-tapping screws.
Note. The tapestries are installed at a distance of at least 150 mm. from the surface of the ground, this will prevent rotting of the lower part of the panel from moisture.
Stage 4 - decorative design of the pergola
The final stage of construction is the pergola floristry.
As decorative elements are used:
- paint or varnish;
- lighting;
- fabric canvases that provide additional shade or privacy;
- decorative figures;
- fireplace, barbecue;
- climbing plants and flowers;
- fountain and much more.
It should be noted that pergolas made of wood need constant care, which consists in the timely touch-up of the frame elements.
Stage 5 - plants for the pergola
Despite the fact that the classic wooden pergola for roses or for grapes was conceived specifically to support climbing plants, it has long expanded its functions and today has become a full-fledged element of landscape design and a place for summer holidays.
Nevertheless, floristry is its integral attribute. Making a pergola without fail includes planting ampelous plants. These are plant species that have creeping or creeping stems.
Climbing plants and flowers for a pergola in the country:
- pelargonium (geranium). Resistant to the sun, can go without watering for a long time;
- hanging begonia. Feels good in shaded areas;
- lobelia. Loves wet places;
- ampelous petunia. Loves sunny, humid places;
- bacopa. Blooms throughout the season;
- curly roses. Favorite flowers of almost every woman. Roses, quite unpretentious in care, bloom during the season.
In addition, you can decorate the pergola with potted flowers or palm trees, which can be brought indoors during the cold season.
As you can see, each of the plants has its own preferences, which means that when choosing them, the location of the pergola and the possibility of organizing watering are taken into account.
Note. By installing hooks on the pergola sections, you can avoid tying up climbing plants, it will be enough to guide young shoots and fix them with hooks.
What climbing plants to choose for a pergola?
- to decorate the pergola, you should use local plants that have proven themselves well in the local climate;
- it is better to use plants that bloom for a long time. Or combine in such a way that they bloom in turn. Then the pergola will be transformed depending on the season;
- at different plants there should be the same development time frame. This will create hedge and anticipate the option when some plants drown out others;
- no more than 4 types of plants should be used. The more varieties, the more difficult it is to care for them. Again - the variegated pergola does not have a very aesthetic appearance;
- if the plants need replanting for the winter, care should be taken to remove them from the trellises or cover them for the winter. In general, it is better not to use such plants;
- for creating monolithic wall grapes (maiden or five-leafed) are great on the pergola. It grows quickly, great for planting in shaded or sunny place... Peculiarity maiden grape the fact that in the fall it changes color: the bright greens are replaced by crimson autumn colors.
- the closer the roof crossbars are located, the more shadow the pergola will give, but the less light will fall to the plants;
- when installing a pergola along the walls, you need to take care that the plants do not trail along the wall (especially along the southern one), otherwise they will overheat;
- the construction of a pergola in the same style as other buildings on the site will create a harmonious ensemble;
- the size of the pergola must be correlated with other buildings. Otherwise, she will shift the focus to herself and stand out from the background of the house or simply get lost;
- you should create a pergola with a margin of safety, because the plants, as they grow, will begin to put additional stress on the frame. Do not forget that a pergola braided with plants has a greater windage compared to an open gazebo;
- regular maintenance is the key to a long service life of the pergola. A wooden or metal pergola is re-painted from time to time. This will improve the appearance and protect against destruction of the structure of metal and wood;
- the choice of color has a significant impact on the appearance of the pergola. Variegated - will become a bright spot against the background of the greenery of the garden, white - will create the illusion of airiness, and brown - will merge with the surrounding greenery and give the feeling of being in the forest;
- it must be remembered that in winter time, when the green cover is not so monolithic, all the flaws of the pergola will come out, so you need to think over the connection options during the construction process so that they are reliable and neat.
Conclusion
A handmade garden pergola is a fashionable, beautiful and spectacular element of the landscape design of the site, as well as a way to create an extraordinary and stylish resting place for the whole family.
Small garden forms of architecture allow you to diversify the landscape design of the site. They are sometimes used to support climbing plants.
The pergola is often called a gazebo. It consists of barges and climbing plants that protect the terrace from scorching sun.
Country garden pergola for climbing plants consists of vertical posts or pillars that typically support crossbeams and a sturdy, open grating on top of it.
This article tells about how to make a summer cottage garden pergola out of wood with your own hands. You can also see examples of pergolas in the photo, illustrating the richness of the forms of these architectural structures:
The word pergola itself comes from the Latin "pergula", referring to the design of the gutter. In England, this term was borrowed from the Italian language, because it was in Italy that this building was first mentioned - in 1645 by John Evelyn, an inhabitant of the Trinità dei Monti church in Rome.
The clearly artificial nature of the gazebo gives us a reference to the 18-19th century, where they gave great importance natural gardening. But beautiful gazebos made of bricks and stone pillars with powerful transverse beams were a feature of gardeners in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Then the pergola became an indispensable part of home buildings - it was specially built to support the climbing vines, and later it began to serve as a wonderful place to relax during the day.
It can serve both as a gazebo, but also as an extension to the house, as a protection for an open terrace and to connect several pavilions.
Some of them are used to expand the area of the garden, while others - in order to enclose some of the objects (for example, a pool or any part of the terrace).
Outwardly, the pergola, of course, very much resembles an ordinary gazebo - in the summer it can become an excellent place for receiving guests, even numerous companies. It will reliably protect you from the direct rays of the sun, but at the same time it is not at all going to leave you without it.
In such a gazebo you feel like on the shores of sunny Italy, where a light breeze blows on you and the sun warms you. It is customary to decorate the pergola with climbing plants. Even more - they have long been a part of it and now all designers use them in this building.
Country garden pergolas for climbing plants are more permanent architectural features, in contrast to the green tunnels of the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance.
A wooden pergola is the best option for landscape design
Modern pergolas are made from wood, vinyl, fiberglass, aluminum and PVC - they are more affordable and therefore more popular in the modern world. The construction of this small architectural form of wood is the best option for decorating landscaping in a regular and contemporary style.
Wooden gazebos are made from those types of wood that are resistant to various weather conditions, such as folded thuja, cedar or sequoia. You can also paint your gazebo or use wood stain, or use wood that has been treated with special preservatives for external use.
As an alternative, landscape designers offer us all the same vinyl, fiberglass and aluminum - these materials do not require annual paint or stain. As arbors, they can be stronger and last much longer than their wooden counterpart.
But in spite of everything, time shows that wooden pergolas do not give their leadership to anyone and still remain at the peak of popularity.
Garden and country pergola - is there a difference?
Is there a difference between these structures erected in the garden next to the house for permanent residence and at their summer cottage? Let's try to understand this issue.
The garden pergola is undoubtedly a decoration of any garden next to a residential cottage. It also consists of arches that are connected by transverse beams made of metal or wood.
They are used as an intermediate, passage element, for example, between a house and a gazebo. If you already have a built gazebo, this does not mean that it no longer makes sense to build a pergola from wood. These outwardly similar buildings quite different in function and structure.
Not very noble Romans at one time spent a lot of time in such buildings, and the ancient Egyptians later began to use them for the development and growth of grapes - by the way, we advise you to think about this option, because as a result you will get not just a place to relax, but also a real work of art.
Then they appeared already in Europe, when the fashion came to copy architectural objects of the Ancient World on their site. Ancient pergolas are almost indistinguishable from those that were created in those ancient times, and you can see for yourself if you look at the photo below.
You can make a summer cottage pergola with your own hands as a canopy for a place with a barbecue, where you are used to sitting with friends and with your family on summer evenings.
If you make it a tight roof, without holes for the sun to penetrate, then you will get a place well protected from rain - you can sit and enjoy communication, despite all the games of nature.
In addition, it is possible to organize a seating area with adjoining sofas and sun loungers, summer kitchen complete with a dining table and straw chairs, and a play area for your little ones.
As you can see, the country garden pergola is quite versatile, and with a small change interior can change its role on your garden plot.
If you decide that your garden gazebo should serve for relaxation and privacy of some members of your family, then place there a comfortable hammock, sofa or chair with bright pillows and other little things that will cheer you up when you suddenly feel sad and lonely.
How to make a pergola for climbing plants with your own hands?
A pergola for climbing plants and flowers is considered more a decorative element than part of the buildings on your site. But nothing prevents you from combining both of these functions.
Buildings that are used only as a decorative element are small in size - literally two or three arches, but the effect of them is incredible. Your garden is as if copied from various historical paintings of the garden.
When creating a pergola with your own hands, you should carefully choose the material and design plan, because it will have to withstand not only climbing plants and the sun's rays during the summer.
She will also have to endure large piles of snow during the winter, gusts of wind and rain during the fall. Also decide for yourself for what purpose you want to create this building- as a transitional element, as a support for grapes or climbing plants, or you need a secluded place where you could hide from everyone and calmly read your favorite book or drink tea, for example. Based on this, before making a pergola with your own hands, they choose a place for future construction.
If you are the owner of the classic wooden house from a bar, then the pergola model should also be classic, and not openwork, for example. It is very important to be able to maintain the unity of the space, especially if you have a fairly spacious area.
We offer you to build the most popular on your site - a wooden pergola. Spruce, pine, and oak are perfect for adding lightness to your building.
To begin with, all the elements of the future structure must be properly dried - in order for them to last longer, choose bars of at least 70 by 70 in size.
And if you plan to build a pergola more than four meters high, then the dimensions should be no less than 90 to 90. Wooden beams this size will withstand any stress and will not deform over time. Then two wooden trunks are dug into the ground, and between them the necessary number of arches or transverse beams is attached.
If you chose metal, then your task will be simplified - the rods easily enter the ground by themselves. And then they are also connected with transverse strips. After the creation of the entire structure, it is covered with a special paint to increase the service life and avoid early metal corrosion.
Of course, pergolas made of metal, concrete and brick are much more reliable, but they do not look so beautiful. This can be easily fixed - firstly, if you paint them, and secondly, if you add decorative elements.
Do not forget about supports for plants - they can be made from lattices of various shapes, wire or mesh, which are attached to the posts of the gazebo. This will surely please those housewives who do not know what to do with their climbing plants.
The top of the pergola can be covered with the same material as the side part - then the plants will hold on to it more firmly. Also, in the construction of the roof, plastic, slate, glass and translucent structures are often used.
The shape of the pergola depends only on your imagination - you can try the most different shapes and colors, there are absolutely no restrictions. When the leaves of the plants grow, you will have another place with shade in your garden.
Under the strange for our ear the word "pergola" hides various arches for a variety of climbing plants. They were originally built in southern countries as a support for grapes. And the word itself has Italian roots ( pergola - canopy, annex), where the vines supported the hammered bars. The simplicity of the design contributes to their independent manufacture, and in this article we will talk about what it is, and how a self-made pergola will decorate your yard, cottage or garden.
What are
In ancient times, pergolas were not only in the vineyards. Similar structures, only on a large scale, were made in courtyards to protect them from the scorching sun. The hottest midday hours were spent under them. These were, rather, sheds, one part of which rested on the wall. Their design has remained the same, the materials have changed: now the pergola can be not only wooden, but also metal, concrete and even plastic.
Pergola canopy near the vine house - dense shade even at noon
Aside from being a useful structure - supporting vines and shading - it's beautiful too. This was appreciated by the architects. Gradually, pergolas migrated to the gardens of the nobility. Only there they had a more refined shape, expensive materials were used up to marble columns, beams were made of pretentious shapes. Curled over them not only and not so much grapes as ornamental plants, roses, bindweed and lianas.
They also make it in the form of a gallery, covering from the sun all the way from one building to another. These arcades serve as a support for perennial vines, climbing species roses. Where they do not survive due to the harsh climate, annual bindweed can be used, they are no less decorative, the flowering period can be chosen so that flowering continues throughout the warm season.
In the modern sense, it is rather a canopy or an open summer gazebo, which instead of a roof has a network of beams along which plants climb.
And this too. This is more like a summer gazebo for a pleasant pastime. So with the help of a pergola, you can arrange the entrance to the house - this is a canopy that looks good even without plants, and when they grow up it will be even more comfortable
The altered pergola is the arch on which the flowers or grapes rest. If we say "arch", then most often we mean a metal product with a rounded top.
The arch for grapes is also a pergola, only with a changed shape of the upper part. The arch for a climbing rose is the same pergola. But the mass of a rose is less than vine and wooden structures are also made for it 
Hang flowerpots on top with ampel plants- and the arch becomes even more elegant Powerful columns wrapped around the lianas - a reserved garden
Main nodes
Despite the fact that the design is simple, it is necessary to correctly assess the load that plants can create. For our country, it is not worth dumping the scales and snow pressure. Especially after the plants have wrapped around the structure. Therefore, all connections, fastenings, are made reliable, it is better to play it safe and put corners than to disassemble a blockage of plants and a collapsed arch. Due to this support columns and the beams of the arch must be strong and reliable.
If you plan to build from wood, support posts for a medium-sized pergola use at least 200 * 200 mm. Beams - from a board of at least 40 mm thickness. It is imperative to make stops and jibs: they will give rigidity. If the support pillars will be built of brick or stone, they are placed around the pipe - round or square - your choice, but it should be.
Dimensions (edit)
A little about the size of the pergolas. They should be in proportion to the area. If it is small, then the distance between the posts can be one and a half meters. You should not do less: taking into account the foliage, only one person will pass through such a passage. For larger areas, a wider width is required - too narrow will seem scanty.
The standard height of a garden pergola is 2.2-2.4 meters. Then the whole structure is harmonious, and foliage and flowers will not crush.
How to connect the parts at the top
When you build an arch, Special attention you need to pay attention to the nodes of the connections. How to make them look at the photo.
For those who are not very good at carpentry, it can be difficult to cut the recesses for the installation of beams. There is a simple and reliable way do without this work: connect the posts and the main beams using a decorative buttress. This is not only decoration, but also a way to make the connection more reliable.
A beam is laid on top of the support post (rack) and nailed through with nails or long self-tapping screws. However, with lateral forces, they can be turned inside out. To eliminate this, after the auxiliary beams are laid and fixed, a decorative buttress is nailed. It holds the three elements together. An oblique strut, which is often called a jib, gives even greater rigidity to the structure.
In the simplest case, a pergola consists of four posts connected by main and auxiliary beams.
Beam edge decoration
You can slightly diversify the appearance due to the different design of the ends of the auxiliary and main beams. Several ways to wash down are shown in the photo below. To make them all the same, make a template from a small piece. Then you apply it to the workpiece, trace with a finely honed pencil as close to the template as possible. Cut along this contour.
Reducing the cost of construction
The beam for the columns must be of a large section, and this is not cheap. The main beams should also be of the same size, which further increases the cost of the structure. But you can save money if you nail two thick boards from both sides to the racks at the top. How it looks from above, see the following figure.
You can connect them with nails-screws, or you can use bolts. This is even safer: the bolted connections can be tightened if necessary. Look at the photo to see how such a structure looks "live".
Step-by-step assembly instructions
First of all, you need to decide how you will fix the support pillars. If your pillars are made of larch, there are no questions, you can just bury them in the ground. With other wood, everything is more complicated: direct contact with the ground is highly undesirable. You can, of course, treat the ends of the pillars buried in the ground with antibacterial impregnation, such as SENEZH or Senezh Ultra, and put them into working off for a couple of hours.
The second option is to make a concrete pile with an embedded stud (or several studs, depending on the size and weight of the structure). Attach the rack to the stud with a gap of 5-8 mm.
Another way is if the site is concreted or covered with a covering. Then they take metal thrust bearings. Most often they are in the form of an inverted letter "P", fasten it to the surface of the site. Bolt the post through these plates. This type of fastener is suitable for a garden, where the error will be covered by plants. If construction is going on in an open area, other thrust bearings are used.
After the method of installing the pillars has been chosen, all the wood that will be used in construction is covered protective compound- antibacterial and insect repellent. Formulations must be intended for outdoor use (not for internal use, but only for outdoor). After processing, you can start building:
Everything, the wooden pergola is assembled by hand. You can watch the assembly sequence in the next video.
Features of pergolas attached to the house
Pergolas adjacent to the house are open summer terraces... One part of the beams rests on holders mounted on the wall of the house, the other on beams lying on the support pillars. There are several ways to attach them to the wall. You see the first one in the photo below: a support bar is nailed to the wall, the landing nests are cut out in nm. Additionally, the strength of the connection is provided by corners, which are fixed on both sides.
Beams rest on one side of the pillars, the other on the wall of the building
The second way - special stops are mounted on the wall: steel plates of the corresponding shape.
The main construction steps are similar, but have some nuances:
- Mark the location of the posts and install them. The pillars are installed at a certain distance from the house, equal to the width (depth) of the terrace-pergola. The second part of the marking is made on the wall of the house - the second ends of the auxiliary beams are installed there. In the same place, either a support bar or plates are fixed.
- Attach two boards or a support bar from above to the exposed pillars.
- Lay auxiliary beams on them, which are attached to the support on the wall with one side.
Everything. What you should get as a result is shown in the picture below.
You can watch the sequence of actions during the construction of a pergola adjacent to the wall in the following video
On the same type, but with a roof they build verandas. How - read.
Building a metal pergola
The peculiarity of using metal as building material is that it is more reliable, requires less maintenance. The metal is immediately primed, then painted. With a high-quality coating with good paint, this will last for several years.
With a tree more hassle. In our climate, we have to renew our coverage every year. Therefore, it is better not to use varnishes: they crack, turn white, come off in parts. To renew the coating, it is necessary to clean everything off, then re-coat. Therefore, it is better not to use even the best varnishes for open garden or outbuildings. For processing wood outside all year round there are oils to which color is added. They do not give shine, but they perfectly protect the surface from climatic influences. The worst thing that can happen is a little fading. For re-treatment, the surface must be cleaned of dirt and dried. You can paint. Drying "to touch" is usually a couple of hours. Convenient, beautiful, reliable.
The difference between the metal is also in the assembly method. This is either welding or bolting. Everyone chooses the method himself. Due to the fact that the corrosion resistance of the painted metal is quite high, it can be simply concreted. Therefore, there are fewer difficulties with the installation of pillars. It is more difficult only to work with him because of the mass. But there are drawbacks everywhere.
And the variety of metal pergolas is, perhaps, even more than wooden: you can forge it, make bent forms. Metal is combined with stone, brick, wood. An awning is pulled onto a metal frame, wicker mats are laid, and roller blinds... See examples in the photo gallery (it expands to full \ tap, if you need it).
The pergola itself is not visible under this carpet. It is built like a gazebo: a frame made of pipes is welded, everything else is plants. By the same principle, you can make a gazebo for grapes Another arch for roses - a garden pergola, which we see most often This is the pergola, which we call "an arch for flowers or grapes. A light pergola above the entrance - an awning is stretched over a metal frame. Stands and main beams made of metal, auxiliary beams made of wood
Increasingly, unusual architectural structures, reminiscent of an openwork shelter made of climbing plants, began to appear on summer cottages. A charming example of human creativity - a pergola with your own hands, conquers more and more hearts of nature lovers. She amazes with her originality, diversity and beauty. This design allows you to form bright floristic pictures and a pacifying atmosphere on the garden plot. In addition, a pergola erected with your own hands allows you to create a chic design for a place to relax.
The name of this building comes from an Italian word meaning a canopy or annex. Indeed, such structures can adjoin the living quarters, be installed on the roof or stand independently on the territory of the garden. If you look at it from the inside, you understand that this is not just a gazebo and not supports for climbing plants. The design consists of a set of repeating elements that are connected by bars. Each of its details is completely covered with greenery or fragrant flowers. Many would like to have such beauty on their personal plot, but do not know how to make a pergola with their own hands. Photo, detailed description, the basic principles of making such a structure will help novice craftsmen get down to business.
Types and purpose of pergolas
It is worth noting that the ancient Romans made such structures exclusively for growing and convenient harvesting. They had no idea how their idea would affect creative people transforming ordinary props into an exotic garden spot. Traditionally, do-it-yourself pergolas are created from several arches, which are connected by a patterned overlap. Such constructions in an instant turn the garden path into a fabulous "country" full of secrets and bright hopes.
Due to the variety of shapes and designs of openwork compositions, the pergola can perform the following functions:
- recreation area design;
- decoration of the garden space;
- reliable shelter from the sun;
- arrangement of a summer dining room;
- a place for solitude after a hard day;
- a shelter for a swing;
- suitable area;
- benches;
- dance floor and stage.
It is clearly seen from this that the pergola in the country house is an original place for relaxation for the whole family.
Despite the grace and beauty of such a structure, it is necessary to carefully select the shape of the structure so that it fits harmoniously into the garden landscape.
Modern designers offer various forms of such designs:
- arch;
- elongated triangle;
- sphere;
- rectangle;
- wide visor;
- corridors of several pergolas.
Let's consider just a few of them.
Awning
Often these pergolas are attached to the living area and serve as a carport or playground for small children. A tent gazebo is equipped to demonstrate various flowering plants. You can also comfortably dine in it with your family while singing birds in the evening.
Patterned screen
This version of the pergola is installed along neighbor fences to hide from ill-wishers and envious people. A screen successfully divides the site into zones where small children frolic.
Wide visor
In areas with a warm climate, such pergolas are often found. They are covered with dense vine branches that protect the house from the scorching summer sun.
Tunnel of arches
Along garden paths a complex of several metal structures is installed, the decor of which is a pergola. It is an original shelter and green decoration of the garden.
For a tunnel gazebo, you can use a variety of arch shapes and create stylish landscape designs.
It is also important to note the variety of textures of such structures. The pergola with an openwork lattice can be installed even on small area garden. She looks romantic and attractive. A structure made of stone is suitable for spacious courtyards built in a castle style. The wooden pergola successfully fits into the landscape of country houses and attracts fans of rustic comfort. In addition, pergolas are made of metal, plastic and reinforcement. They can be with a rounded roof, with kinks, and also fan-shaped.
When choosing a coating material for a structure, one should take into account climatic conditions territory, especially in winter.
Do-it-yourself pergola - the way to achieve the goal
In our difficult time, when prices are constantly rising, enterprising craftsmen independently equip their summer cottages. And, of course, they try to make them real paradises. Why not start from an original vacation spot. Those who have heard the word "pergola" and know what it is, will probably start creating just such a structure. It can be made from the following materials:
- wood;
- plastic;
- metal;
- aluminum;
- fiberglass;
- vinyl;
- bamboo;
- combined options.
When the choice is made, the first step is to determine the appropriate size of the pergola so that it is proportional to the backyard area. If it is small, then the maximum distance between the main posts should not exceed 1.5 m. The main thing is that it is convenient to enter it, given the greenery that grows magnificently on the structure. The standard height of the pergola structure is approximately 2.5 m.
When constructing an arch, special attention should be paid to the strength of the connecting nodes and the stability of the bearing supports. Even inexperienced craftsmen understand the importance of these factors. After all, the structure is continuously exposed to the elements of nature: wind, rain, snow and the scorching sun. The do-it-yourself step-by-step instructions for the pergola shown in the thematic video will help beginners build this original arch. Having carefully reviewed the basic principles of construction, you can safely get down to business and fulfill your dream.
Secrets of making a wooden pergola
You can build such a unique garden decoration for the garden yourself from lumber or the following types of trees:
- larch;
- acacia;
- Pine;
Regardless of the species, the wood must be well dried and treated with a special antiseptic.
The next step in creating a pergola with your own hands - drawings that will help you do everything necessary calculations. 
They are the main guideline for the implementation of all work.
- support pillars;
- beams;
- crossbeams;
- lathing;
- struts;
- adjustable anchors;
- sand;
- gravel;
- cement;
- tubular formwork.
It is also important to collect the necessary set of tools:
- hammer;
- chisel;
- hacksaw for wood;
- self-tapping screws;
- metal staples;
- clamps;
- roof mounts;
- sail;
- cable;
- glue;
- stain;
- different kinds bolts;
- screws;
- metal bases.
To build a wooden pergola with your own hands, first choose appropriate place on the site and make a markup. To do this, use:
- special pegs;
- building level;
- roulette;
- tight laces.
Then proceed to the installation of the support racks (ideal wooden bar size 100: 100 mm). To do this, pits 1 m deep are dug at the corners of the planned structure. Gravel is poured at the bottom, inserted bearing supports and concreting the structure. 
Attach to the top of the pillars using self-tapping screws load-bearing beams. 
And then the battens are installed on the cruciform connection. 
At the final stage, the bearing supports are decorated.
The provided drawings of a classic gazebo are considered universal. Therefore, they can be modified depending on personal preference.
Experienced craftsmen complement the classic wood pergolas with a trellis for curly flowers.
A simplified way to build a leisure area at a summer cottage
Quite often, on the territory of country houses, many erect a chic fence for relaxation - a metal pergola. A photo and an understanding of how to do it will help you gain courage and get down to business. In fact simple version consider the order of work during the construction of this product.
The first step is to draw up a diagram or drawing of the future design, as well as the amount of material that will be needed for the gazebo.
For the manufacture of a pergola from metal with their own hands, a profile pipe with a section of 25 by 50 mm is used.
When the calculations are done, choose original site garden and make markings. The next stage is the fabrication of the frame. To do this, using a grinder, cut the edges of the pipes at an angle of 45 ° C. After that, a welding device is connected to each other in the form of a square. 
Then add several planks to stiffen the structure. The design and dimensions of the pergola must correspond to the original drawing of the product. Its strength and durability depend on it. 
For the base, two metal profiles are used, connected at an angle of 90 °. The corners are welded to the upper and lower parts of the structure made, which is cut at 45 °. small size... The rigidity of the structure is reinforced with metal jumpers which are welded at the same angle (45 °).
When installing a metal pergola, it is mandatory to strengthen the bearing supports. The process is carried out using concreting in the same way as for a wooden pergola. The evenness of the pillars is regulated by a plumb line and a building level.
Before installing metal parts in the ground, they must be treated with an anti-corrosion solution.
When the supports are installed, proceed to the installation of the roof. The welded structures are lifted and laid on supports and connected in turn. A jumper is added to each corner to ensure the reliability of the pergola. Finished building painted in any color you like.
Decorative stands for climbing plants
Some craftsmen make small pergolas from reinforcement on their sites. Their advantage is that such a design can be made of any shape and even a collapsible type. For this, washers are welded in the places of the main attachment and fixed with nut bolts. In addition, such pergolas can be decorated with forged decorative details. They are often used as a support for.
For several centuries, gardeners have come up with all kinds of designs for gazebos, awnings and openwork arches to decorate with lush greenery and flowers. And today, even novice craftsmen can easily make a pergola for climbing plants with their own hands and install them in a garden plot.
This structure is a structure that is used to protect the area from the scorching sun. With its help, various types of garden landscape, green fences and even car shelters.
To create a pergola, it is necessary to connect several repeating arches with transverse beams. In addition, the structure can be independent and adjacent to the building. It all depends on the wishes and preferences of the master. It can be made even from the following materials at hand:
- wooden beams;
- metal fittings;
- plastic;
- shoots of plants.
Let's take a closer look at some of the species.
There is no waste in the garden
An original pergola from branches is made using simple materials and tools (an ax and a rope). To do this, one of the edges of the shoots is sharpened, after which they are tied with a strong rope and set up in the form of a tent. The climbing plant will be able to freely climb the structure, creating shade on a hot day.
Openwork designs for green design
A wonderful circular column is obtained from metal reinforcement or wooden slats. First, the main elements are exposed in a circle. Then connect them with a strong rope. The result is an original support for climbing garden plants.
Arched pergola for the garden
For the construction of a structure, the following materials are used:
- metal fittings;
- wooden beams;
- plastic pipes.
The arched pergola is installed as an amazing support for climbing plants to highlight the beauty of the garden landscape. It serves as an excellent entrance or entrance to the courtyard and a wonderful seating area.
Pergolas with crate
Such structures are made of wooden slats, which are treated with an antibacterial agent before assembly and a layer of varnish is applied. Ready product attached to the building with screws and dowels.
An original construction for stately climbing roses
What could be more beautiful than a "living blanket" consisting of many bright colors... Red or yellow buds exude a unique scent when entering private territory... It is even better to enjoy their beauty while sitting in a pergola for a rose, the photo of which evokes pleasant feelings. But before you build it, you need to take into account the following principles:
- The construction must be reliable, as climbing roses are very heavy due to huge amount buds. Therefore, the bearing supports are buried in the ground.
- The rose is a dignified flower and must blend in harmoniously with the garden landscape.
- When choosing the size of the structure, you should take into account the area of the personal plot.
If it is not possible to build a pergola for roses, you can make trellises that can be easily placed near any building.
It is interesting that such a pergola, strewn with many bright colors, can perform various functions on the territory of a country house:
- original transition from one section of the garden to another;
- Live connection between buildings;
- unique landscaping of the veranda;
- flowering alleys of garden design.
For the construction of such a pergola, wood, metal, and sometimes stone buildings are used. Forged structures installed on a stone base look wonderful against the background of the garden. In such a pergola, you can spend hours thinking about the meaning of life, reading interesting novels and just enjoying the surrounding nature.
A unique place to watch the skies
The absence of a cozy dacha outside the city is not a reason to abandon your home paradise. It can be placed on the roof of a residential building. In megacities, this type of recreation has been practiced for several decades. Therefore, brave guys equip a pergola on the roof of the house in which they live. 
A miniature gazebo made of metal rods, in the background concrete slabs will seem like a real oasis of pleasure. They decorate it with ampelous flowers that exude a delicate aroma and create a light shadow. In the daytime, in such a "tent" you can watch the clouds, and at night you can contemplate the majestic stars.
The pergola is easy to install in a suburban area and provide a comfortable stay. To do this, you need to choose a design model, materials for manufacturing and master the technology of building a pergola.
Pergola and its purpose
In the garden or just in a suburban area, a pergola is often installed. This structure is a kind of gazebo, consisting of upper floors and support pillars. The roof can be horizontal or slightly sloped, and the walls are often presented in the form of a grid or shaped lattice.
Wooden pergola - eco-friendly and beautiful option constructions
The design of the pergola is quite simple and multifunctional. The construction of a pergola is often carried out for the following purposes:
- organization of a place for recreation;
- addition of landscape design;
- zoning of the site space;
- camouflage of technical or economic buildings;
- addition of home design;
- support for climbing plants.
The functionality and simplicity of the design make the pergola a versatile, practical and convenient solution for a suburban area. From a wide variety of options for structures, you can choose the optimal one depending on the area of the site, design style and other factors.
Design advantages and disadvantages
A simple version of the pergola consists of pillars and a lattice roof. Exists various variations, but the gazebo most often has no walls and is a kind of canopy. The role of the walls can be played by lattice supports, along which plants climb. In this case, the pergola is more closed than the version with simple support posts.
Pergola can perform various functions
The general structure of the structure is simple, and the appearance, design of the pergola is created with the help of decorative elements, details beautiful shape... The material from which the structure is made has a significant impact on the appearance of the gazebo. For this, metal or wood is often used. The first option serves as the basis for creating graceful wrought iron pergolas. The advantages of metal structures are expressed in the following:
- reliability, durability;
- the graceful shape of the structure, decoration with forged twisted patterns;
- the ability to paint in any colors.
Metal gazebos also have disadvantages. One of these qualities is expressed in the complexity of self-construction of structures. A wrought-iron pergola cannot be built independently, and a simpler option requires complex actions, for example, welding metal elements.
Forged pergolas effectively function as a gazebo
A simpler and more convenient pergola made of wood. Construction from such material does not require special knowledge and tools, but positive traits expressed as follows:
- environmental friendliness and pleasant structure of the material;
- easy processing, simple installation;
- the ability to create original designs;
- resistance to climatic factors.
The wood is comfortable to use, but requires careful processing, involving the use of antiseptic agents to prevent rotting. In harsh climates with changeable weather, it is not recommended to install wooden pergolas or they should be disassembled for the winter. This is due to the fact that the material is prone to cracks and deformation.
The choice of a particular material depends on financial capabilities, personal preferences, and material properties. If you need a construction that is practical and does not require special maintenance, then metal is the best solution.
Photo gallery: options for pergolas from different materials
Massive pillars emphasize the graceful roof of the pergola 
Construction with stone pillars looks impressive and is suitable for a spacious area 
Cozy pergola is a good place to relax 
Pergola is a great place to relax for a company or family. 
A cozy gazebo decorates the garden 
Metal forged pergolas perfectly complement the landscape design 
Long pergola makes the site cozy
Preparation for construction
You can build a simple pergola on the site with your own hands, but this requires certain preparatory work... This allows you to make not only a beautiful and comfortable, but also a durable gazebo, taking into account all the features of the site.
The place for the gazebo can be laid out with stone or sidewalk tiles.
One of important points construction is the determination of the location for the installation of the structure. Beforehand, it is worth choosing an image of a pergola that corresponds to personal preferences, landscape design and other features of the site. If the gazebo serves as a support for the plants, then you need to provide enough space for their growth. There are the following types of structures:
- the screen is a semi-closed structure that serves as a corner for privacy, quiet rest;
- the tunnel looks like many arches forming a "green corridor". The option is appropriate for decorating the path leading to the house;
- the awning or canopy does not protect from the wind, since it is a roof on the support pillars;
- the visor has two supporting pillars on one side, and on the other, it is attached to the wall of the house above the door, window.
Pergola material
The construction of a canopy gazebo can be carried out from two materials: metal and wood. For simple and light buildings, wood is often used, which is more convenient to work with than metal. Custom wrought iron pergolas look more impressive than wooden structures. Thus, when choosing a material, you need to take into account the advantages, properties, features of using the structure with your own hands.
Wood is easy to handle and create practical designs
To make the choice of material, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the technologies for building a gazebo made of metal and wood. This will allow you to determine all the features of the use of materials. Of particular importance is the quality of the structures for the construction of the pergola. The wood must not show signs of decay, deformation and cracks. You can use any type of wood, but larch and oak are the most durable. For a metal structure, profile pipes are used. different sizes... Wood and metal must be coated with antiseptic and anticorrosive agents, respectively.
Construction tools
Mounting a pergola made of wood or metal requires a certain set of tools. To work with wood, you will need tools such as an ax, hammer and saw. Nails are used to fasten the elements, and self-tapping screws and a screwdriver will provide reliable fixation. You can check the evenness of the structure with a building level; a tape measure is also necessary for work.
Making a pergola out of wood requires simple carpentry tools.
It is very difficult or even impossible to make a forged pergola with your own hands in the absence of certain skills and equipment. Therefore, the metal structure is often a complex of welded together shaped pipes... For work, you will need a welding machine, as well as a building level and a tape measure, chalk or a marker for marks.
Drawings of structures made of wood and metal
It is quite easy to make a canopy pergola out of wood, which is installed in the place designated for the gazebo. Previously, the site can be laid out paving slabs, which will make the area more comfortable. The drawing of the canopy pergola is simple, but it is important to take into account all the features of fastening the elements.
The drawing marks the dimensions of all the main parts.
Drawing of metal structures simple type easy to do by yourself. In this case, the option of fastening all elements, the angle of their fixation, and the dimensions of the parts are taken into account.
A metal gazebo of a simple design does not require an extremely accurate drawing
In the absence of skills in drawing up drawings, you can take a ready-made scheme as a basis, supplementing or excluding any structural elements. The dimensions of the gazebo are selected individually, depending on the area of the site, the purpose and type of pergola.
Construction of a pergola made of wood
For construction wooden structure will need carpentry tool, antiseptic wood preservative, drawing and quality material... In the construction of support pillars, a bar with a section of 150x150 mm is used, and boards of 50x150 mm are suitable for transverse beams. The crossbeams are made of 50x100 mm boards. The elements are fastened using self-tapping screws with a length of 150 mm and 75 mm.
For the screen, you can use boards with the same parameters as for the awning
The creation of a wooden or metal pergola involves concreting the support pillars. To do this, you need a garden drill, a container for mixing cement mortar. The complex of works is as follows:
- At the site of the future construction, the outline of the structure is marked using a rope and pegs. At the same time, the exact location of the corners is noted by placing pegs in place of the pillars.
The distance between the posts is selected individually, for example, about 1.5 m
- In place of the future pillars, holes are dug about 70 cm deep, and the diameter of the recesses should be 10 cm larger than the diameter of the pillars. Gravel is poured onto the bottom with a layer of 5–10 cm, and then a formwork made of asbestos pipes or rolled roofing material is placed. The evenness of the formwork is checked with the building level, and then the forms are poured with concrete, installing adjustable anchors for the subsequent installation of pillars.
All pillars must be located at the same level
- The concrete dries up for several days, but for now a pergola is made from a bar. For supports, parts with a section of 100x100 or 150x150 mm are used. They are sawn off according to the required structure height. After the concrete has dried, the racks are mounted on the anchor with special screws, which are called "wood grouse".
The area for the gazebo should be laid out with sidewalk tiles.
- The roof support beams are made of 50x150 mm planks. Their length should be 60 cm more than the width of the pergola, since on each side of the beams they protrude about 30 cm. The ends of the elements can be shaped using a jigsaw.
Beams can be shaped at the ends
- The beams are fixed with self-tapping screws or bolts and using building level check the evenness of the installation.
The fixing of the beams is carried out using bolts.
- Cross beams are made from boards of 50x150 mm. The number of such elements is determined depending on the fact that the distance between them should be 30 cm. On the lower part of the crossbars, grooves about 3-4 cm deep are cut out.
The grooves must be accurate, because the ease of installation of beams depends on this.
- The crossbeams are fixed with self-tapping screws 150 mm long. Thus, these elements are placed throughout the roof of the pergola.
Identical cross-members are fastened along the entire roof of the gazebo
- In the next row, the crossbeams are mounted with a step of 60 cm. Grooves are made in the elements, and during installation they are additionally fixed with self-tapping screws. The final stage of work involves painting, design design.
The rungs for the last row are made in the same way as for the first
Video: construction of a covered pergola-gazebo made of wood
Step-by-step construction of a metal pergola
Manufacturing metal structure assumes the use of shaped pipes with a section of 25x50 mm. The height and width of the future structure are selected individually. For example, the top piping may consist of 3 mm pipes, of which 4 pieces are needed. The base supports are made of pipes 3 m long, and at each corner you need 2 pieces. The roof canopy is made of several elements. The first square has parameters of 2.12 m, the second - 1.5 m, and the third - 1.06 m. The lintels between the main frame and the largest square are 1.06 m long.
For convenience, on the diagram, each element is marked with a certain color.
During the construction of a metal pergola, it is necessary to strengthen the supports, concreting. This process is carried out using the same technology as for a wooden pergola. And also all metal parts that go deep into the ground must be treated with an anti-corrosion compound. Further actions are as follows:
- According to the scheme, a pergola canopy is assembled from 4 squares, which should fit into each other. All elements are fastened by welding, pipes are cut with a grinder at 45 ° and welded.
First, they make squares from pipes, and then assemble the canopy completely
- A short corner is welded to the two support pipes from below, and then the supports are concreted at their locations. Before concreting, sand is poured on the bottom of the recesses with a layer of 5 cm. The evenness of the supports is checked with a plumb line, all the pillars must be located at the same level.
Two pipes are placed in the corners.
- Next, the roof structure is mounted. To do this, the welded squares must be lifted and laid on the poles, welding each side one by one. At the corners, jumpers are additionally fastened by welding, which enhance the reliability of the structure. After that, you can paint, decorate the pergola with climbing plants.
Lintels increase the strength of the pergola
Video: pipe cutting method at 45 °
Decoration and maintenance of the pergola
After assembly, the gazebo can be painted with products that are suitable for outdoor use and the selected type of material. It is best to use paints containing anti-corrosion or antiseptic components. This allows you to protect the structure from rust and destruction.
It is best to paint a wooden pergola in the natural shades of wood using wood stain
Damaged wooden elements structures must be replaced with new ones in a timely manner. Metal structures are more reliable, but poorly welded seams can crack and you need to eliminate such consequences. If the pergola is used as a support for plants, then the bushes should be placed at a short distance from the walls, taking into account the rules for growing climbing greenery.
You can quickly make a metal or wooden pergola with your own hands and without professional skills. The key to the durability of the structure is the development of the technology of work and the quality of materials.