The onion is a herbaceous perennial. Cultivated solely for the sake of obtaining fresh greens, which have a softer and more delicate taste compared to onions... It is grown as an annual crop for a one-time collection of greens, and as a perennial. It has fistulous leaves 40–60 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter. He does not have developed bulbs, for example, like onions. Instead of them, thickenings are formed - false bulbs. For winter storage they are unusable.
The spring onion is prized for its early greens, ready to eat from the end of April, which is especially valuable during a period of shortage. fresh vegetables. In addition, its advantages are:
- high frost resistance - young leaves withstand a drop in temperature to -8 degrees Celsius, and the Aprelsky variety - lower temperatures;
- high, in comparison with onions, vitamin C content;
- high productivity for three to four years, although with good agricultural technology, you can get a good harvest of greens within 5-7 years. From one square meter, 2 kg of green onions are cut once, and for summer season- up to 10 kg.
And although on one bed the onion can grow up to 10 years, growing it for more than 4 years is usually not practiced. During this time, he manages to deplete the soil, grow so that the bushes begin to interfere with each other. They should be dug up and used for forcing greens.
Popular varieties of batun
From the large variety of varieties of batun bred by breeders, you can choose the one that is suitable in terms of ripening, yield, frost resistance and taste.
Russian winter onion batun is frost-resistant, high-yielding, mid-season variety... It grows quickly, you can harvest for greens already in early spring... The feather for the harvest for the whole season is cut up to three times. It has a medium-sharp flavor.
The April onion is distinguished by its early ripening period. After regrowth, the first greens are cut off after a month. Of the perennial onions, it is distinguished by the greatest frost resistance, withstands frosts down to -10 degrees Celsius. Resistant to pests and diseases. Has a sharp sweetish taste, fleshy and juicy feather. In a vegetative way, the April Batun onion reproduces well.
Batun onion Tenderness is an early frost-resistant variety, the harvest is harvested one month after cutting. Grown through seedlings. Has a mild, mild taste. Suitable for cultivation as annual and perennial crops.
Batun Emerald onion is distinguished by its rapid growth of green mass. You can cut greens up to four times in one season. It winters well, is resistant to many diseases. Has a mild semi-sharp sweet aftertaste.
Batun onion: growing and care
Batun reproduces vegetatively and by seeds. When dividing the bush (planted at the end of August) next spring, you can already harvest greens. However, the disadvantage of the vegetative propagation method is the increased formation of flower stems and, as a result, a decrease in yield. This does not happen with seed propagation.
The onion can be grown as a one-, two-, or perennial crop. As an annual crop, batun is sown in early spring with seeds or seedling method, harvested in the same year with the bulb. As a biennial or perennial, the batun is planted in the summer, as a rule, after the harvest of early vegetables. Before winter he manages to form 2-4 sheets... The crop is harvested in May-June.
Garden bed preparation
The onion loves cultivated, structural, highly fertile soils of a slightly acidic or neutral reaction. Choose sandy and light loamy soils for planting. Areas with heavy clay soil, with high acidity, as well as flooded lowlands. It grows well on sandy soils, but forms many peduncles, which reduces yield.
Observe the crop rotation. You can plant the onion after zucchini, cabbage, pumpkin, potatoes, legumes, siderates, as well as other crops that do not leave behind weeds, under which organic matter was introduced. Do not plant it after onions, carrots, garlic, cucumbers - these crops clog the beds with weeds and leave behind pathogens of onion diseases and pests.
Since the onion is a perennial and will grow in the same place for about four years, the garden bed should be well prepared for it... In acidic soil, 6 months before planting, add to each square meter 0.5 liters of wood ash, and fertilize poor soils half a month before planting:
- humus - 3-5 kg;
- superphosphate - 30-40 g;
- ammonium nitrate - 25-30 g;
- potassium chloride - 15–20 g.
Seed preparation
To improve germination, soak the seeds, but only if you plant them in wet soil. Seeds soaked in dry soil die.
Pre-soaking the seeds will speed up the emergence of seedlings by 5-7 days. For disinfection, they are treated for 20 minutes with a warm solution of potassium permanganate, and then soaked in water for a day. The water should be changed 2-3 times. When the seeds hatch slightly, dry them until they are loose. Control the germination of the seeds to avoid overly long shoots that make planting difficult.
How to plant onion seeds with seeds
On the open beds spring onions can be sown with seeds immediately after the snow melts and until June, as well as before winter.
Grown as a perennial, the onion grows old after a few years, loses its presentation and nutritional value... Therefore, it is often cultivated as an annual crop. Growing onions from seeds allows you to get a high yield of greens good quality, in addition, plantings are less susceptible to downy mildew disease. The annual spring onion is planted immediately after the snow melts, that is, in February-March, and the harvest is harvested in June-July.
To harvest greens in spring as early as possible, onion leaves are cut off, watered, fertilized at the end of July, and the soil is loosened. By winter, the plants have time to recover and gain strength, and in the spring they give a high yield.
The seeds of a trampoline are sown in rows to a depth of 1.5–2 cm, leaving a row spacing of 25–35 cm. The soil after sowing is slightly compacted and watered.
In early spring, the beds are covered plastic wrap or lutrasil, which significantly accelerates the emergence of seedlings. When the batun rises, the film is removed, and the lutrasil is left, as it creates a comfortable microclimate and protects the plantings from pests.
Planting a trampoline before winter is carried out with the onset of stable cold weather, when the soil freezes to a temperature of -3 degrees Celsius (so that the seedlings do not germinate and die). A bed with crops of a trampoline is mulched with humus or peat, the soil is compacted and covered with straw, branches, tops and snow. When the snow melts, for quick germination, the batun is covered with lutrasil or film.
How to plant onion seedlings
The seedling method of planting a trampoline is practiced when it is grown in an annual culture to obtain a super-early harvest. The harvest of greenery can be cut off within a month and a half after planting seedlings in open ground.
For sowing seedlings, a soil mixture is prepared: they take half a bucket of humus and sod land, mix two glasses of wood ash and 70 g of mineral fertilizers.
Onion seeds are sown in early April in boxes filled with prepared soil mixture in rows with row spacing of 5 cm to a depth of 1.5 to 2 cm with an interval between seeds - 2 cm... The temperature is maintained at 18-25 degrees Celsius. When the seeds sprout, the boxes with seedlings are placed on a light windowsill with a temperature of 16 degrees Celsius.
There is a so-called "bouquet" method of growing seedlings, in which seeds are planted in small pots up to 5 cm in diameter, 5-6 pieces each. In June, when three or four leaves are formed on the seedlings, it is planted in a prepared bed in rows, observing the interval between them of 20 cm and the distance between the plants - 10-12 cm.
Agrotechnics
Caring for planting onion-batuna consists of weeding, loosening, watering and dressing.
Loosening is an important agrotechnical technique that contributes to the preservation of moisture (it is not for nothing that it was nicknamed "dry irrigation"). Besides loosening destroys 60-90% of weeds.
They try to carry out the first loosening as early as possible. When sowing, mix salad seeds with onion seeds (no more than 1%). Its fast sprouting shoots will outline the rows and keep the thin onion shoots from damage during weeding. Remove the salad after a while. In total, 5–6 loosening should be carried out during the summer season after rains or irrigation.
Sprawling onion bushes require hilling, as side shoots lean under their own weight. Mulching the beds greatly facilitates maintenance. Mulch retains moisture and prevents weeds from growing.
Watering is needed regular and plentiful... The soil should be moistened to a depth of 20 cm. In dry weather, plantings are watered every other day, in normal weather - twice a week. Pour warm water under the root. Systematic watering not only helps to increase the yield, but also prevents shooters.
Top dressing:
- the first time the onion beds are fed with mineral fertilizer a month after the emergence of shoots (10-15 g of nitrophoska, azofoska, or others are added per square meter);
- about a month before the onset of stable cold weather, 10-15 g are applied per square meter potash fertilizers that facilitate the wintering of plants;
- in the spring, when the snow melts, nitrogen fertilizers are applied.
Systematic weeding, weed control and loosening can not only increase yields, but are also preventive means of fighting pests and diseases of onions. Inspect the landings and take action at the first signs of damage. IN initial stage to fix the problem it is enough to use folk remedies:
If folk remedies do not bring the desired result, you have to use chemistry:
- Karbofos and Fufanon are effective against pests, however, after treatment with these drugs, you cannot eat onions for some time;
- when affected by fungal diseases use copper sulfate and HOM. It will take 2-3 treatments with an interval of 10 days.
Harvesting
Harvested when the leaves reach 25-30 cm in length. If you are late with cutting, the bow will begin to shoot. Last time the greens should be cut off by mid-August so that the plants can grow well-formed leaves before wintering and accumulate them for the winter nutrients.
Harvesting onions can be carried out:
- once, getting up to 2.5 kg of greens per square meter;
- three times - the greens are cut twice and for the third time they are harvested along with the bulbs. In this case, the harvest per season will amount to 4–5 kg per square meter.
Onions harvested together with bulbs are more valuable, as their shelf life increases and their presentation is better.
How to collect seeds
Leave some strong, healthy, flowering plants in late summer. When the seeds are ripe, dig up the bushes, tie them up, and hang them up by the roots in a dry, well-ventilated area. To prevent the seeds from spilling out of the boxes, wrap the umbrellas with a cloth. When the plants are dry, collect the seeds.
Store seeds in a warm, dry place. They retain their germination capacity for 2-3 years.
A large number of dishes and preparations cannot do without the presence of onions, since it is this plant that accentuates the taste of products and gives them pungency. However, the species diversity of this culture is not limited only to the well-known leek, and a good alternative option is the batun onion, which is described below.
What is a bunch of onions
- perennial plant, characterized by the presence of bulbs with thin and thin scales, which are poorly stored in winter period... That is why only leaves and stems are used for food, for the sake of which, in fact, this species is grown.
The plant reaches 40-60 cm in height, throwing out arrows up to 45 cm long in the second year of life. Young feathers are distinguished by a high level of frost resistance and calmly tolerate frosts down to -6 ... -8 ° C, which means that the plant does not need more warmth.
Batun onions are the most popular type of perennial onions, which can be grown both from seeds (this is the most common method) and vegetatively.
Important! In appearance, the plant is very similar to young onions, but the fist-like leaves of this species are much larger and larger, reaching a length of 40 cm (at 2 cm in diameter).
The onion does not form a real onion (unlike the already mentioned onion), but instead of it, a kind of thickening is formed in the soil, called the "false onion". It is also worth noting that the taste of batun is much softer than that of onion, and an additional advantage is the higher content of vitamin C.Did you know? The onion grows quietly in one place for more than 4 years, although there are cases when even after seven years it was possible to get a rich cut of greenery.
However, experienced gardeners it is advised not to delay the planting in other areas, since over time, due to the strong growth of the underground part, the crop yield decreases significantly.
Choosing a landing site
Given the possibility of long-term cultivation of onion, the place for planting it should be chosen taking into account all the basic needs of the plant for long time... As for the composition of the soil, the plant in this regard is not capricious and grows well even on acidic soils.
However, if you want to get a rich harvest of onions, then the preparation of the soil for planting should be appropriate: organic matter is introduced into depleted soils and makes them light and permeable, and too acidic they additionally lime. Swampy or heavy clay soils are not at all suitable for cultivation.
The onion does not tolerate bright sunlight, therefore, if you want to protect its arrows from rapid withering, you can sow a garden bed along the fence or not far from trees so that the plant grows in partial shade.
Important! You cannot create beds with onions in areas flooded after heavy rainfall or snow melt, even though the onion loves moisture.
The chosen place should be level, not have slopes, so that the seeds are not washed away by the stream of water.
The optimum temperature for plant development is + 18 ... + 22 ° C, but this does not mean that it is not grown in colder climatic regions.
Preparatory procedures at the site
For planting onions in spring, the garden bed is prepared in the fall or a couple of weeks before sowing, adding a bucket of good compost and 150 g of wood ash per 1 m². If the soil in your area is too depleted, then for 1 m² it is necessary to add about 5 kg of humus, 25 g of ammonium nitrate, 15 g of potassium chloride and 25 g of superphosphate.
You should also take into account the acidity of the soil. For this type of onion, soils with a pH of 7-7.2 are well suited. Too acidic soils need liming or dolomite flour.
The selected area should be well dug up and leveled, and then "cut" rows at a distance of 25 cm from each other. Before direct sowing of onions, the soil is well moistened.
Preparing the seeds of onion-batuna before planting
When planting any plant, preparation seed material plays a very important role, since even before placing the seeds in the ground, you already have the opportunity to determine viable specimens.
The bunching onion should not be planted in the same place, because only by adhering to the sequence in the crop rotation, you can get a good supply of seed for the next season, you just have to wait for the arrows to ripen. It is advisable to pre-soak the seeds selected for planting in water or a special solution of micronutrient fertilizers (one tablet is designed for 1 liter of liquid).
Important! The process must be controlled, since the seeds should not give long shoots, which will significantly complicate planting.
As alternative option you can soak the seeds of onion-batuna in a warm solution of potassium permanganate (for 20 minutes), and then leave for a day in ordinary warm water, which will need to be changed 2-3 times. After this time, all the seeds are dried to a free-flowing state and sown. Soaking the seed accelerates the germination process by 5-7 days. Good and bad precursors for the batun bow
The composition of the soil is significantly influenced by the plants that grow on it. However, not all of them are "friends" with each other, which means that some cultures can grow poorly after their predecessors. Therefore, when they plant the onion, they look so that garlic, carrots, onions (it does not matter what kind) or cucumbers do not grow in front of him, since there are a lot of pests and pathogens of onion diseases in the ground.
At the same time, so that the land is not empty (if, for example, you decide to sow onions only in summer), they are planted on it lettuce, Chinese cabbage, radish or dill, and after harvesting them, they sow a batun. These vegetables will not become an obstacle to obtaining a bountiful harvest of this crop and will not create problems in its cultivation.
Sowing dates for onion seeds
By collecting seeds from one or two of the largest arrows of the onion, you will be provided with seed for the next season. Sowing crops in open ground is performed starting from early spring and ending with the beginning of summer, and in terms of planting and caring for plants planted in different time, there are no fundamental differences.
Since this type of onion is great for our climate, the temperature the environment when forcing arrows can be as low as + 10 ... + 13 ° C.
Simply put, even left on the beds, it will calmly survive the frost, and the germination of feathers will begin almost simultaneously with the thawing of the soil. Onion feathers can withstand a short-term drop in temperature to -4 ... -7 ° C, therefore, after waiting for the warming of the soil, you can safely sow seeds.
Annual plants are sown as soon as severe frosts subside (usually in March or early April), and perennial spring onions are planted closer to the beginning of summer or with the arrival of autumn, but only so that it has time to germinate before the onset of frost. It should be noted that onions sown in autumn time, begins to grow greens as soon as the snow melts and the ground thaws.
Seed sowing pattern and depth
If, when sowing seeds, the row spacing is 18-20 cm, then the sowing pattern can be five or six lines, with a depth of 1-3 cm (in this case, 1.5 g of seeds per 1 m² is considered the norm). In general, the sowing rate is 1.2-1.6 g of seeds per 1 m². At least 25-30 cm is often left between the rows.
Important! If the soil is heavy, then it is necessary to plant the seeds to a depth of 2 cm, and in other cases it is better to deepen the seed by 3 cm.
Ready crops are mulched with a layer of humus of 1-1.5 cm and compacted a little. From sowing the seeds to the appearance of the first shoots, it usually takes from 11 to 17 days. Care and cultivation of onions
Caring for a baton can not be called too difficult a task, since this process boils down to three main steps:
- watering- the soil should be moistened by 20 cm (in most cases, it is enough to add liquid twice a week, but in dry periods the plants are watered every other day);
- weeding- without it, it will not be possible to get a good harvest, especially since the onion can deteriorate altogether or get sick with any disease provoked by the activity of weeds;
- loosening- promotes respiration of the roots of the bulbs, which means that it accelerates their growth.
Watering mode
With a lack of moisture in the soil, the feather of the batun onion changes its color and becomes bluish-white, and its tip bends. At the same time, if there is too much liquid in the soil, the plant acquires a pale green color.
Opinions were divided over the frequency and amount of watering onions. So, some gardeners recommend watering the plant once a week, at the rate of 10 liters of water per 1 m² of plantings, increasing the dose only in very dry periods. However, the other half of seasoned summer residents claim that they can get juicy greens it is possible only when watering onions 3-4 times a week, while adding 10-20 liters of liquid per 1 m² (3-4 hours after watering, the aisles must be loosened).
In any case, the climate of a particular area and the features of the site will help you determine the regularity of watering.
Weeding and loosening row spacings
If your crop is too thick, you can thin out the seedlings at a distance of 6-9 cm. After the first weeding, the soil between the rows must be loosened, because this process is the key to obtaining good harvest... Further loosening of the row spacings is carried out after watering, but only infrequently and very carefully so as not to damage the roots of young plants.
From the second week of July (but not later), slightly above the false stem, all the leaves are cut off, leaving only young light green feathers on it. By the beginning of autumn, the leaves will completely recover, but during this period they are not recommended to be cut. It is noteworthy that the beds with feathers are left for wintering, and the cleaning of dried leaves is carried out in the second year, simply by raking them with a rake.
Did you know?228 types of onions are vegetable crops.
Fertilization
When growing onions, a prerequisite for a high-quality harvest is the introduction of fertilizers (organic and mineral) into the soil. How to feed the onion is decided based on the specific period of its growth and development.
For example, during the growing season, the plant actively consumes nutrients from the soil, but given that the soil is fertilized well during planting, new fertilizers are applied to the soil only the next year.
For the first time, onions are fed in early spring, using mainly organic fertilizers(mullein in a ratio of 1: 8 or infusion of bird droppings 1:20), and subsequent feeding is carried out with the use of mineral fertilizers, without the introduction of nitrogen-containing components.
IN spring under deep digging, up to 15 kg of organic matter is often introduced per 1 m² of the garden, 120 g of ammophoska or 60 g of ammonium nitrate, 40 g of potassium salt and 50 g of superphosphate are also added to it.
Liquid mineral fertilizers are applied in the fall, immediately after harvesting. In this case, you will need 50 g of ammonium nitrate, 3 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium chloride per 10 liters of water.
Harvest
The first harvest of onion can be harvested already 25-32 days after planting, and after 55-65 days, harvesting is performed again, cutting off all the remaining foliage. In the next 2-3 years, nothing changes in this process, since the cultivation of this type of onion is advisable only for the sake of obtaining green feathers.
In the second year after planting, the plants grow very early, and when they reach a height of 30-35 cm, you can already get the first crop from them, cutting off the feathers at a height of 5-6 cm from the soil surface.
Important! In the first year of plant life in the northern regions, it is impractical to cut off young leaves, since root system onion-batuna should harden well, which will help it to endure severe winters. By cutting off the leaves, you will force the onions to use all their strength to restore them, to the detriment of the growth of the root system.
Considering that the onion is planted only for the sake of obtaining young leaves, the planting needs to be rejuvenated annually by digging out powerful two- and three-year-old plants, which eventually form 5-7 arrows.
Diseases and pests of onion-batuna
Many diseases and pests of onions are similar for different types of onion. Therefore, there is nothing surprising in the fact that the onion often suffers from the same ailments as its onion cousin. Most frequent problems are fungal diseases, onion moth and onion fly. However, with correct cultivation and compliance with all agrotechnical requirements will not have to deal with these pests.
For example, in order to prevent the development of fungal diseases, it is necessary:
- avoid excessive dampness in the garden (do not flood the plants when watering);
- do not thicken the planting, avoiding the formation of impassable thickets;
- remove weeds in a timely manner, since it is on them that most diseases accumulate.
Among other, no less unpleasant diseases of the onion-batuna are:
- false powdery mildew (manifested by a grayish bloom or rusty specks on the foliage), which will help to cope with microbiological preparations, copper oxychloride, Bordeaux mixture and copper sulfate;
- rust(dirty yellow strokes are clearly visible on the feathers of the onion, which over time take the form of pads);
- neck rot(appears during long-term storage of the harvested crop, due to which the vegetable softens and an unpleasant pungent smell appears);
- smut(manifests itself in the process of storing the harvested crop, when black streaks form between the husks);
- fusarium(softening and decay of the plant during storage, with the formation of a light fungus plaque on the bottom, which is also visible between the husks);
- mosaic(a viral disease that manifests itself on the leaves and inflorescences with elongated specks or stripes, sometimes the leaves become corrugated);
- aspergillosis(or black mold) is clearly visible on the upper scales of the bulb and, over time, leads to decay of diseased vegetables.
Onion-batun onion culture, which occupies not the last place in the "assortment" summer cottages... The plant bears many names, the batun is called Tatar, fisty onion, Chinese or sandpiper. The ancestral home of this type of onion is called Asia and China.
A distinctive feature of onion-batuna is the absence of an onion head; most often it is grown for greens, which in taste characteristics surpass green onions, being more tender and softer in taste.
Plant bulbs, poorly developed, oblong, crispy and slightly pungent in taste. The height of the greenery reaches a height of about a meter, forming a fisty, thick and wide leaf.
The onion blooms in spring, with small flowers, collected in globular, umbellate inflorescences.
When and how to plant a bunch of onions, all about the main principles of cultivation
The cultivation of batuna does not require high-cost planting technologies. The culture is very easy to propagate by planting a bush and seeds.
Sowing onion seeds is best done in the second decade of spring, when the soil warms up enough. And in the summer or at the beginning of autumn, you can harvest a full harvest of onions.
The place of the onion in the crop rotation suggests a sequence after legumes, do not plant a crop after tomatoes, as the risk of infection with fungal diseases doubles.
Onion crops prefer humus-rich turf soils with low acidity. They grow poorly on poor and clay soils.
If the soil on your site does not meet the requirements, then the solution to the problem will be the artificial enrichment of the soil, on heavy loams with rotted organic matter and peat, the composition of the sandy soil can be corrected by adding black soil to it.
For planting onions in spring, the site is prepared in the fall or a week before sowing. Mineral fertilizers and rotted organic matter are applied to the soil, acidic soils are limed, the optimal pH level is considered to be 6.5-7.5 units. After that, the site is dug up, harrowed, and beds are formed with a distance of about 30 cm between them.
The seeding rate for onion seed is one and a half grams per square meter of land, to a depth of about two centimeters.
The composition of the soil for seedlings grown at home differs little from the composition of open ground. The composition for seedlings can be mixed in following proportions: rotted manure and garden soil are mixed 1: 1, add 150 gr. ash, 120gr. superphosphate, and mix again. To avoid diseases of the young onion plants the soil should be moistened with a strong solution of potassium permanganate.
Onion seeds should be wrapped in a damp gauze cloth a day before sowing, after keeping them for 2 days at a temperature of about +6 degrees (in the refrigerator). After that, the seeds are dried and sown in containers filled with soil, in shallow grooves (up to a centimeter) in 3-4 cm increments. After sowing, the seeds are sprinkled with earth and moistened.
Pottery or disposable plastic cups can serve as a seeding container. Sowing in open ground, both seeds and seedlings, is carried out when the soil warms up to +12 degrees, in a prepared, enriched soil, fungicide-etched onion seeds are sown in shallow beds up to 1.5 cm, in 3 cm increments, (after seedlings, it is better to thin out the seedlings).
Planting onions in open ground before winter does not differ from spring sowing, however, the plantings should be covered with lutrastil or mulch, and in early spring, bypassing frosts, the layer should be removed.
Caring for plantations of batun onions
Caring for a batun onion is not complicated and includes a primitive set of agrotechnical measures: irrigation, fertilization, weeding and protection from pests.
The frequency of watering depends on the amount of precipitation in the region. At low humidity, the spring onion is watered two to three times a week. To get juicy greens in a large number watering is increased up to 4-5 times, and loosening is carried out up to twice a week. Drying out of the soil when growing onions for greens is not permissible.
Weeding and loosening of the beds should be carried out as the site is overgrown and the formation of an earth crust, which prevents the aeration of the soil and assimilates the necessary supply of moisture.
Thinning of seedlings is an integral part of caring for green onions, thickened plantings will not be able to develop properly, therefore, it is necessary to achieve a distance between plants of 5-7 cm.
Loosening and weeding should preferably be carried out in the evening, taking care not to damage the weak root system of the trampoline.
Around the end of June, the lower green feathers are pruned, leaving only the upper young greens, later the plant will give new leaves.
Fertilization of onion-batuna is carried out twice during the growing season, considering that the first time is carried out during planting. During the intensive growth phase of greens, onions consume large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers and nitrogen should be carried out after the first shoots of greenery appear. The plant responds well to compost feeding. Organic matter is brought in with the calculation of 10 kg., Per square meter, it will not be superfluous to add 150 grams of ammophoska.
To transplant the onion to a new place, dig up the bush without damaging the roots, divide the bulbs into several parts and transfer them to a new planting site.
The spring onion does not need care in the fall, the plant enters the sleep phase and tolerates cold weather steadily.
Varieties of onion-batuna, description
Onion-batun has a huge variety of varieties, below are the early ripening and high-yielding varieties, which have won respect among novice summer residents.
Early ripe May variety. The plant is medium-sized, erect, has a whitish waxy coating. The taste is medium-spicy, crispy, juicy. Contains above average sugar. Greens remain fresh and juicy for a long time. Possesses good keeping quality. Maisky is a cold-resistant variety, resistant to lodging.
Bow-batun Seryozha. The result of crossing onion varieties and batun varieties. The greens are early maturing, tall, bushy, with a blue leaf tint. Whitish bloom is determined over the entire surface of an erect leaf. Resistant to freezing and pest attacks, the variety has a pleasant pungent taste of juicy greens.
Onion Voskhod Voskhod. Another of the early ripening varieties of onion-batuna. Easily tolerates low temperatures, while maintaining its vegetation ability. The sunrise is a low-growing onion, the greenery does not exceed a height of more than 30 cm. One bush can give up to 35 arrows of greenery, the yield is average, subject to agricultural technology, up to 15 kg can be harvested from a square meter of plantings. fresh herbs.
Emerald variety of onion-batuna. Complements the group early varieties Luke hybrid variety Emerald. Indispensable in salads, thanks to its thin, juicy and "emerald" greens. It is a storehouse of vitamin C and ascorbic acid... Resistant to lodging, infection with fungal infections. The taste is spicy, the greens remain tender for a long time.
Baia Verde variety. Just like the variety, Seryozha is a hybrid of onions and onions. Medium-sized plant, with early ripening. Greens of onions with a rich dark green hue with a milky waxy bloom. This onion is planted in spring, and the first harvest of greens is harvested in early summer. A variety with a pungent taste and delicate feather. Resistant to infection with gray mold and fungal infections of the bottom.
Salad variety of onion-batuna. Salad is an early ripening variety that has a delicate spicy pungent taste. Arrows reach a height of about 30 cm, hollow inside, fisty-branched. After harvesting, the greens are stored for a long time and do not fade. Salad onions are ideal for salads and vegetable dishes. It is not susceptible to diseases, grows on any soil.
Russian winter grade. An early variety with massive false bulb and tall greens. It is used for dining purposes. It tolerates frost well. This variety of onion is grown in winter and spring. Suitable for growing in the northern regions of the country.
"Russian" has massive branches of greenery, gives good yields, while observing the minimum agricultural technology. Greens are not prone to lodging, they are stored for a long time and do not "lumber".
Early ripening onion variety Delicate. It ripens early, the first greens can be cut three weeks after sowing. The greens justify the name of the variety, they are very tender and "soft" in taste. The variety is sprawling, low-branched, erect. It is used in its original form. Contains a high percentage of ascorbic acid and carotene.
Gribovsky high-yielding variety. Gribovsky gives high yields greenery. A branchy, powerful shrub grows up to 30 cm in height and gives long green arrows with a mild taste and medium pungency. One square meter of plantings gives up to 25 kg. green arrows. The slightly sweet taste makes the Gribovskiy variety indispensable in salads.
Bow-batun Baron. Early maturing, resistant onion variety. The stems grow to a length of about half a meter, prone to lodging, hollow inside, tough. The bush is formed and ready for cutting within a month after planting. The highest yields are obtained after a year of existence. The cold-resistant and resistant variety is popular among summer residents for its unpretentiousness and pungent taste. Baron's green mass is widely used for long-term storage by freezing and canning.
The giant is a mid-season onion variety. A young representative of the onion-batuna, bred by domestic breeders quite recently. Medium ripening and a wide spreading bush with strong thick greenery fully justifies its name.
The giant endures low temperatures and frosts. Resistant to fungal attack.
Variety April early. One of the earliest varieties of onion. A storehouse of vitamins and minerals, gives a lot of juicy tasty spicy greens already in the month of May. Ripens a little over a month after planting. Withstands frost, not prone to lodging, resistant to rot. The foliage of the onion is of medium height, thin and delicate. Branched bush, can reach half a meter in height.
The sweet aftertaste of piquant pungency makes the April variety a darling in the kitchen. Adult plant gives about 45 green arrows. The April variety prefers enriched soils with a low acidity level. With minimal agrotechnical efforts, it yields yields of up to 15 kg. with sq.m.
Harvesting and storage of onions
The onion has good keeping quality and early ripening. It can be cut one month after the first shoots appear. And after a month and a half, the plant will again give juicy fresh greens; at this stage, the final harvesting of the onion is performed.
It is advisable to grow this type of onion only to obtain greens, so the harvesting process does not change.
The sooner you cut the first greens, the sooner you will get the second crop. However, keep in mind that the harvest is good, do not forget about feeding.
The onion is cut or plucked neatly at least 5 cm, from the ground, without pulling the bulb and without damaging the root system. Greens are packed in boxes or plastic wrap and sent for storage.
It should be borne in mind that in regions with a harsh climate, onions are harvested once if you are going to leave the plant for the winter, as the onions will have to prepare for winter and take root. And do not throw the remaining strength to restore the cut arrows.
The onion is subject to long-term storage, by freezing, in this way the green onions can be stored for about a year without losing most their properties. To do this, the arrows are washed, cut and packed in containers for subsequent freezing.
Onions can be stored in a plastic bag in the vegetable compartment of the refrigerator for about a month without losing their useful properties and without sacrificing appearance. The above methods are perfect for harvesting onions for the winter.
Batun onions can also be dried and used as a seasoning for dishes. To do this, the onion is chopped and dried, then packed in paper bags and stored in a dry place. In this form, dried onion greens can be stored for years.
The beneficial properties of onion batun are primarily determined by its rich vitamin composition, the high content of vitamin C and ascorbic acid makes it indispensable in the human diet and the main assistant in the fight against colds.
Unpretentious care and high yields with minimal adherence to agricultural technology, its resistance to diseases makes the onion the main component of the "green bunch" of table greens.
Farmers, gardeners and gardeners fell in love with the onion, thanks to its unique qualities: high frost resistance, excellent germination, delicate taste. The onion grows on black soil, sandy loam and loamy soils, nutritious and well fertilized. The sun's rays and abundant watering are necessary for this vegetable crops so that its stems and leaves are soft and juicy.
Description of the onion-batun
For about 3 thousand years, batun onions have been cultivated in China, Mongolia, Japan, North Vietnam, and Korea. It is also called winter, oak, sandy, Tatar. This plant is perennial, yields a harvest within 3-4 years. Today it is cultivated everywhere, especially in Siberia. It has oaky dark green leaves, oblong-ovate bulbs with reddish-brown, dark yellow, brown scales. Winters in the open field. Develops at temperatures slightly above 0 ° C. Begins to bear fruit in early spring, when the first edible leaves appear. After cutting, they grow back. This vegetable gives two or three (in the south - 4) crops per season. By the end of the first year, it has as many as five daughter branches, by the end of the second - already 10-15, and by the fall of the third, the butane bush forms 20-30 separate plants. It looks like a huge bush.
Onion-batun lacks a large, well-developed root crop, as, for example, in onions. Only its thick, juicy green stems are eaten. It gives the largest yields not for the first, but for the subsequent years of the growing season, when up to 40 shoots grow on one bush. Among them is the seed stem, the top of which is a large spherical white inflorescence. The bud of a batuna onion is a set of small fragrant flowers that attract pollinating insects.
There are several varieties of batun onions: each of them has different endurance and frost resistance. The most unpretentious of its kind, capable of withstanding the most prolonged frosts, is the Russian batun.
In this vegetable culture, its greens are considered the most valuable - not only tasty, but also healthy. It is recommended for a number of diseases, such as: rheumatism, gout, dysentery, influenza, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diaphoretic, diuretic, etc.
The onion is a real storehouse of vitamins, especially such as A and C.
See the infographic below for the highlights of onion cultivation.
(click to enlarge) Video "Everything you need to know about the batun onion"
An illustrative video with a description of the variety, as well as recommendations for growing a plant.
Features of onion-batuna: seed preparation, planting scheme
A bunch of onions can easily survive frosts down to -10 ° C and does not freeze in winter, even with severe frosts... Seeds germinate at a temperature of + 3 ° С, although the cultivation of this crop requires +18 - + 24 ° С. The tramp is propagated by seeds and dividing the bush in the fall or spring.
Landing scheme. The distance between plants when sowing seeds should be 6 centimeters, between rows - 18-20 centimeters with a seeding depth of 2-3 centimeters (if you sow them deeper, they will die). Before sowing, the seeds are soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate for 20 minutes. Then they are thoroughly washed and soaked for another 2 days in water at room temperature, changing it five times during this time. How quickly the seedlings will appear depends on how the seeds are prepared for sowing. After planting, it is imperative to loosen the soil before the first shoots appear.
Onions are grown in the first year after composting (10 kg / sq. M) under autumn digging... Top dressing is carried out only in early spring - this way you can avoid the accumulation of nitrates. To do this, you need to take 60 grams of urea per 10 square meters. m beds or slurry in a ratio of 1:15.
Choosing a landing site. Soil preparation.
Planting before winter occurs in September, when the entire crop has already been harvested, and the site is put in order. The onion is unpretentious and does not require a special soil composition and lighting. Unsuitable for the growth of this culture are heavy and acidic, clayey soils, as well as very shaded areas. The best option is a garden bed located in sunny place, which used to grow cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes.
The most suitable for onion-batuna will be sandy loam, loamy or any fertile soil with a high humus content, without water stagnation. Batun needs nutritious soil saturated with fertilizers, preferably nitrogenous compounds. The plant will not take root on clay soil. In light sandy soil, on the contrary, the batun begins to develop rapidly, releasing flower stalks in large quantities, and this threatens to reduce the quality of the crop.
The acidity of the soil also matters. Batun onions do not like overly acidic soils - this feature can be corrected by adding lime, dolomite flour, shale ash, etc. to them. Batun is often grown as a perennial plant. Therefore, it is important to immediately choose a suitable site for the beds so as not to replant it annually. The soil on it should not be swampy, but moist. At uneven terrain the beds are best placed with a slight slope to the south or southeast side. Land for landing should be dug up. Digging depth - 1 shovel bayonet.
Planting onions in autumn
At this time of the year, the planting of this culture does not threaten it, even if the season is very cold and with little snow. Batun onions are great for planting in the fall. Therefore, if you want to get juicy greens early, then it is better to sow its seeds in November. Then already in May-June it will be possible to harvest the first crop.
When the tramp is planted in late autumn, it is very important not to be mistaken in the timing. It should rise no earlier than the onset of spring. If this happens earlier, the sprouts will die in frost. Harvesting also directly depends on the timing of planting onions. If the batun is sown in the fall, then the first harvest will be ready in July next year. Its yield is about 5 kg per 1 sq. m of soil.
When planting a trampoline in the fall, fertilization is mandatory. This is necessary so that as soon as the sun begins to warm the earth, the onions begin to grow. A good fertilizer will be forest humus or rotted in compost heap leaves. It is better not to use more active substances and trace elements in the fall, leaving them until spring, otherwise they can provoke a rapid growth of the plant at a time when it needs to prepare for winter.
In the fall, the spring onion is planted in a garden moistened the day before. It should not be watered, since at this time the active growing season is over. It is getting cooler outside and it often rains.
What does the rhizome look like - the onion bulb Sowing and caring for onion seeds in late autumn
- Sowing is carried out in November, in the already frozen soil, when its temperature is minus 3-4 ° C. Seedlings should be expected only at the beginning of spring. You need to sow seeds in soil fertilized with a complex of mineral fertilizers and humus.
- The groove in which the seeds are placed should be 1-2 centimeters deep, 2-3 centimeters apart. There should be a gap of 18-20 centimeters between the rows.
- After sowing, the beds are mulched with peat or humus. They cover the beds with a layer of 1.5 centimeters. After that, the soil is slightly compacted.
- For the winter, the garden bed is covered with tops, straw, branches, snow.
- In April, to accelerate the growth of seedlings, they can be covered with foil.
- Before the emergence of shoots, it is necessary to ensure that normal moisture is maintained in the soil, and weeds must be removed in a timely manner. When shoots appear, thin the onion, leaving only those plants that are 2-3 centimeters apart.
- If the onion is used as an annual plant, then thinning can be dispensed with, since the shoots can harden. As a result, the quantity and quality of the crop will decrease. If you intend to grow a perennial, you need to thin it out until the distance between the bushes is 4-6 centimeters.
- If you do not need seeds, then for the formation more greens it is better to cut off the arrows. If you are growing a crop for seeds, then you need to cut off the feathers.
- You can thin out plants when 3-4 adult leaves are formed on them. At the same time, the onion is fed by applying fertilizers during watering.
- With the onset of spring, the beds need to be carefully examined, removed last year's dried shoots and slightly loosened the soil. After that, the ground will warm up faster, and new stems will begin to form on the plants.
- At the same time, complex mineral fertilizers are laid in the ground.
Caring for a batun onion means constantly maintaining the beds in a neat condition. They must always be weeded. There should be no weeds between the rows and the soil should be kept loose and moderately moist.
A two to three-year-old bush that has formed will not be clogged with weeds, even if you do not weed the area all summer. But it is imperative to water it, since the grass intensively absorbs nutrients and moisture from the soil. And, of course, top dressing is required - then the onion bushes will be powerful, with large, juicy, crispy feathers.
In central Russia, 3-4 grams of seeds should be sown per 1 sq. m.
For Russian latitudes, the autumn planting of batun onions is most preferable. Its Russian subspecies is most often cultivated here. This onion has dark green sharp leaves that coarsen quickly. Therefore, if you are late in harvesting, you can simply cut them to the root, and you will soon get a new crop.
Onion care
| Watering | Loosening | Top dressing | Pruning |
| Watering the onion is necessary constantly and abundantly. Then the leaves and stems will retain their juiciness and taste. In dry soil, onions will become rough and bitter. | It is necessary to loosen the beds periodically, as a crust forms on the soil surface | Top dressing in the form of fertilizer is applied when 3-4 adult leaves are formed, during or after watering. The composition of the mineral fertilizer: ammonium nitrate (50 g), sodium chloride (20 g), superphosphate (30 g) | It is pruned during the growing season several times from the second year after sowing the seeds, and in the first year if it is grown as an annual plant. Pruning is done to a length of 20 centimeters at a distance from the base of 5-7 centimeters |
Harvesting onion
When the length of the stems of the plant reaches 20-30 centimeters, you can start harvesting. Although the onion becomes edible even when its stems grow up to 10 centimeters. Harvesting of last year's (autumn) sowing is done around April. At the same time, the onion is not completely pulled out of the ground, but the shoots are carefully cut off. sharp knife at the base. To form seeds on each bush, you need to leave several arrows.
When harvesting, do not forget about feeding. After each harvest (cutting off the stems), a mullein solution must be added to the soil, which is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 6. You can also fertilize the batun wood ash dissolved in water or introduced into the soil during loosening in a dry form. 150 grams of ash per 1 sq. m area.
About three days before harvesting, the batun should be watered: then the stems will be saturated with moisture and become more juicy. And the plant itself will tolerate pruning more easily.
Video "Secrets of growing onion-batuna"
An informational video, in which a professional gardener will tell the main secrets of growing onion, as well as its conditions of care, planting and watering.
Question answer
- Do the onions form bulbs?
The onion forms bulbs, but they are not eaten - only green feathers are edible, which turn into a white fleshy and juicy stem, which is also very tasty. In addition, the batuna bulbs are small, with a watery taste.
- When can you do the last cut of the onion?
The last cut of this vegetable should be carried out in late September - early October. If after that the batun has released feathers again, then they must be cut off before the first frost so that the feathers do not remain for the winter. This is due to the fact that old feathers can badly affect the bulbs, and the onions will not sprout next year.
Some cut off the feathers of the batun onion immediately after the first frost, after which they scatter dry mineral fertilizer... Thanks to this and feeding with urea, with the arrival of spring, onions grow rapidly.
- I have heard a lot of praise for the Russian Winter onion variety. What is it good for?
"Russian winter" is a mid-season variety of onion-batuna. Its shoots reach a height of 35 centimeters. They have a bright green color, on their surface there is a thinnest layer of wax plaque. The variety does not differ in particular pungency, but it can boast of juiciness and aroma. “Russian winter” is one of the most frost-resistant varieties of this onion and one of the most productive. In one season, you can harvest 2-3 crops.
About 5 years ago, I grew ordinary onions in my summer cottage, and did not know any problems with it, until the abnormally low temperature in the middle of spring killed my entire future harvest, freezing the "sets".
After such an incident, I decided to abandon the cultivation of onions, and turned my attention to the onion, which is distinguished by increased frost resistance and productivity, which means it is better suited for our unpredictable climate. Over the next 3 years, I have successfully grown batun, and gained enough experience to talk about all the basic rules for growing this crop, which will be announced in today's article.
I chose the onion based on following characteristics of this variety, the list of which is given below:
- The plant can boast of high frost resistance, which surpasses other varieties of onions familiar to us. Even young "feathers" are resistant to temperatures down to -8 ° C, and the onion itself tolerates winter frosts down to -30 ° C;
- The plant is extremely resistant to high humidity soil, which is important for regions with cold and wet springs, as well as rainy summers. In addition, the batun grows well in places with a close location of groundwater;
- The plant is famous for its mild taste, as well as the delicate structure of the green "feathers" themselves, despite their large size. It is the size of the "feathers" of this bow that repels most beginners, since the feathers themselves look overripe, which in practice is completely different;
- The spring onion has been consistently producing a harvest of about 7 years, which is a record among other onion varieties;
- The plant is suitable as an annual, as it brings bountiful harvest already next season;
- The plant has succulent shoots, the size of which is 2 times larger than ordinary onions;
- The bunch of onions has many varieties, and every gardener will find exactly what he needs.
Basic description and features
The batun onion has several clear differences from standard varieties onions, the main of which I indicated below:
- The onion does not have a bulb similarly onions, and is only suitable for consumption in green form. The cultivar has a false bulb that is unfit for human consumption;
- The onion boasts "feathers" up to 40 cm high and up to 3 cm in diameter. Most often, the diameter of the "feathers" is 2 cm;
- The onion contains 2 times more vitamin C than its onion counterpart;
- The onion has a developed root system, the length of which can reach 35-40 cm;
- Batun onions reproduce not only by seeds, but also by dividing the bush.
Growing and caring
If you want to grow onion on your site, but you have no experience with this culture, just follow the following points:
- If you need a bunch of onions as an annual plant, start sowing seeds in early spring as soon as the snow melts. If the onion is needed as perennial plant, sow seeds from June to mid-July. After planting seeds in any of the indicated time ranges, the harvest should be expected in the next season;
- Find out what kind of soil prevails on your site. If the soil is heavy, onion seeds are sown in beds up to 1 meter wide, in lines with a distance of about 20 cm from each other (we recommend making 5 lines per garden bed). If the soil is light, sow seeds in the beds, making 5 lines at a distance of 25-30 cm. The next 5 lines are made at a distance of 50-60 cm from the previous sown area;
- Prepare the soil for planting. A few weeks before planting seeds, the soil should be fertilized with compost, wood ash, or overripe manure. The concentration of fertilizers does not play a special role, it is enough just to dig a site to a depth of 15 cm, and add one of the fertilizers listed above. The layer of applied fertilizers should not exceed 3 cm. The place for planting onions should be in partial shade, since direct sunlight makes the “feathers” yellow and ages quickly;
- Having chosen the place and time of planting, proceed with the preparation of the seeds. The preparation takes place by soaking the seeds for 1 day in warm water (you need to change it at least 3 times a day), or soaking the seeds in a growth activator, for about 3 hours (in accordance with the instructions on the activator package). Prepared seeds are planted to a depth of 1.5-2 cm. Seeds may not be prepared, but in this case the seedlings will appear later, especially if the spring is cold. When planting in spring, the seeds do not need watering before germination, if planting seeds in summer, watering is required, since the harvest will be only for the next season, but the bulb itself, the root system, and the first shoots will begin to form already this season. A place with planted seeds should be watered abundantly at least 10-15 times throughout the summer, do not allow the soil to dry out, and remove all weeds;
- If you sowed onions in June, you can harvest the first crop in May. If you sowed onions closer to autumn, the first harvest awaits you in July. After the first harvest, the next one will be in 1.5-2 months. If it was found that the sowing of seeds was too dense, and the seedlings began to intertwine with each other, they should be thinned out every 5-8 cm from each other. If the seedlings are not thinned out, they will be numerous and small. The more the area is overgrown, the smaller and thinner the onion crop will be.
It is important to note a few more points when planting the seeds of this onion. So, immediately after planting the seeds, the soil around them is mulched with humus, by laying it out on the surface of the earth with a layer of 1.5 cm, after which the soil is not loosened, but slightly compacted. Every spring, onion beds are abundantly supplied with mineral fertilizers.
Important: If you plant the onion in clay or sandy soil, its "feathers" will be rough and unpleasantly bitter in taste. Onions are capable of accumulating nitrates from the soil, which means that one should not get carried away with its processing with pesticides. Mustard powder is used to repel pests. Mustard powder does not affect the taste of onions, and is also completely safe for humans.
Increased yield
Having figured out how to grow a batun onion, you can talk about measures to increase its yield. So, in early March, when the snow has not yet melted, the place where the batun is sown is covered with a thin layer of peat, straight onto the snow. When the snow begins to melt, the peat will create a kind of film on the ground, and in such conditions the onion will not only taste more delicate, but will also bring the first harvest 2, and under good conditions, 3 weeks ahead of schedule.
After each harvest, the cut sites should be fed with a slurry solution (1: 6), to which 30 g of ammonium nitrate, 20 g of superphosphate, and also 20 g of potassium chloride are added. The last harvest should be carried out no later than the first ten days of September, so that the onions have time to recover and prepare for winter.
If desired, at the beginning of winter, you can sow onion seeds at home. The seeds will sprout by the beginning of spring, when the soil temperature stabilizes at + 10-15 °, they can be transplanted to the garden bed. This method will accelerate seed germination by at least 1 month.
An early harvest is also facilitated by covering the onion growing area with plastic wrap, which is placed in the first half of April, and harvested after the first harvest. This method will speed up the maturation of the "feathers" by several weeks.
Little Tricks Everyone Should Know About
Planting and subsequent care of the presented onion variety is a fairly simple activity available to every beginner. In spite of this, experienced gardeners advise not to neglect the recommendations of the following types:
- Batun onions grow best in beds where tomatoes, potatoes and carrots previously grew;
- It is undesirable to plant onion onions in the beds where other varieties of onions previously grew, since the soil after them may contain various fungal and bacterial pathogens, and, in general, have an unfavorable chemical composition throughout the year;
- Despite the fact that the onion is resistant to moisture, regular overflows can lead to oxygen starvation, and in some cases to death. Water the onions abundantly, but do not turn the garden into a swamp;
- The onions are watered abundantly 3 days before harvest. Watering will allow the "feathers" to acquire the most attractive presentation;
- As planting material for greenhouses, mainly 2-3 year old plants are used, which are dug up in the middle of autumn with a root system and a false bulb.
Conclusion
The onion onion will become, without exaggeration, one of the best onion varieties that can be grown in the open field of our latitudes. Caring for this species is extremely simple, which makes it the best choice for a beginner.
As for the variety of varieties of this onion, when choosing seeds, carefully look at the photo located on the package, and also carefully read about each specific variety. The fact is that all varieties have their own characteristics, for example, increased resistance to pests, cold weather, drought, early maturity, etc. Detailed information for each individual variety, read in specialized sources of professional level!