Do you live on the 1st floor of an apartment building? Congratulations to you! After all, this floor has a number of advantages. You won’t flood the neighbors below with your own hands, they won’t complain about your noisy party. And for the future, to open a private business, you have ready-made office space. But there is another side to the coin.
Dale Carnegie said, “If you get a lemon, make lemonade.”
You can do the same. If the balconies of the upper floors are the same and of the same type, then residents of the first floor can create unique and unique loggias and balconies with their own hands. After all, this is not only an area fenced with railings where you can go out to get some air. This is perspective! Let's look at how to make a balcony with your own hands and use the extension as efficiently as possible.
A self-built balcony, the photo clearly demonstrates the good taste of the owner. Facing masonry The buildings are a real decoration.
How can you use the attached balcony?
- combine the balcony and the room, thereby expanding the area of the apartment;
- make an extension in the form of, although not large, but a room;
- construct a summer veranda;
- construction together with a cellar;
- place cabinets on a makeshift balcony and free up space in the apartment.
Where are balconies built?
- On the first floor.
- On the second floor.
- On floors above the second.
Installing a balcony above the first floor is permissible only if there is a project for reconstruction or construction. The design of a balcony on the ground floor is also mandatory, for at least two reasons: this is the only way to legitimize square meters extensions, as well as guarantee the safety of the balcony or loggia.
DIY balcony design.
- Construction on an independent foundation.
- Slab on cantilever beams.
- A slab cantilevered into a wall.
- Plate on brackets.
- Balcony supported by a wall and columns.
- Extended balcony.
Let's take a closer look at how to make a balcony with your own hands on a foundation.
When the design work is completed and permission has been received, the construction of a balcony on the first floor must begin with some technological research. If we are building a balcony with our own hands from scratch on a strip foundation, then we should clarify two aspects:
- Soil freezing depth.
- Ground water level.
The first aspect must be known to determine the depth of the foundation. Although the extension is a relatively light structure and is used for it strip foundations shallow, the base must be below the freezing level of the soil. Otherwise, when the soil freezes, it will move the foundation and the entire balcony, which will lead to cracks in the extension. Believe me, frost heaving of the soil has enormous power!
The second aspect comes from the first. Knowing the required depth for laying the foundation of the extension, we compare it with the groundwater level. If the foundation extends into a humid environment, it is necessary to make high-quality waterproofing.
The extension of the balcony on the first floor begins with the construction of the foundation. And the first thing we do is markup. For this we need:
- pegs;
- cord;
- square;
- nails;
- boards;
- dye.
Sequence of work on marking the foundation.
- We mark the location of the foundation using a square and a cord.
- We mark the axes of the extension foundations with pegs.
- We fix the boards in the alignment of the walls and pull the cord of the foundation dimensions.
- On the base of the house we mark with paint the axis and dimensions of the foundation of the extension.
- We remove the cord and begin excavation work.
The foundation of the balcony can be made monolithic, but this requires the construction of formwork. Or you can use standard foundation blocks minimum section. Their dimensions are 2400×600×300 mm. The blocks do not contain reinforcement and are easily cut to the desired size using a grinder with a diamond wheel.
Advice: measure the diagonals of the building's foundation rectangle along the axes. If the diagonals are equal, right angles are constructed accurately.
Another option is a suspended balcony on the ground floor. Load-bearing structure brackets serve. Special attention attention should be paid to attaching the extension frame to the wall of the apartment building.
Important! The frame of suspended or curtained balconies must be welded into a solid structure and secured to the house with metal anchors of at least 20 cm over the entire height. Secure the top of the frame with studs through the wall.
The advantage of this project is that it is cheaper than the option on a foundation and is suitable for construction on any floor. Disadvantage - there is no possibility to make a cellar under a balcony or loggia.
Canopy balcony on the first floor in the process of being manufactured. Further vertical racks They will connect it to the roof.
The addition of a balcony on the first floor is radically different from the one on the 2nd floor. In the previous version, the building stands on a foundation. It is now a cantilevered extension that hangs in the space. Therefore, the reliability of the design and adherence to the technology of making a balcony with your own hands is, without exaggeration, of vital importance.
Installation of a balcony above the first floor
Material for making the extension:
- channel No. 10 or No. 12;
- fittings Ø 12mm;
- knitting wire;
- concrete (cement, crushed stone, coarse sand);
- boards or plywood panels for formwork;
- pipes or logs for supports;
- brick for racks;
- spatulas, trowels;
- welding machine;
- vibrator for concrete.
Extension of a balcony on load-bearing channels. The entire frame is tied into a single structure.
1. Load-bearing elements buildings - we insert channels into the wall with a pitch of no more than 2 m. The channels, at least two, must be positioned so that the walls are the side edges of the balcony slab.
Note: channel - a metal profile that represents the letter “P” in cross-section. Consists of a wall and two shelves directed in one direction. Must be installed with vertical arrangement walls. In this position, the channel has the greatest rigidity and load-bearing capacity.
2. We make a reinforcing mesh from reinforcement bars Ø 12 mm and a pitch of 100 mm. We fix the mesh rods with knitting wire. Ready mesh lay on top of the channels.
3. The same mesh must be attached below. You can fix it with the same knitting wire to the top mesh and channels.
Note: fastening mesh reinforcement with wire is the most quality option. The use of welding is allowed, but only on the condition that there is no reduction in the cross-section of the reinforcement during the welding process.
4. From boards or plywood panels install the formwork for the bottom of the building slab.
Important! The formwork should not directly touch reinforcing mesh. Between them there should be protective layer concrete minimum 20 mm. Otherwise, due to the influence of moisture and air, corrosion will actively destroy the reinforcement.
5. We strengthen the formwork with racks made of pipes or wooden logs.
6. Pour concrete into the formwork. We lay concrete using a vibrator. Otherwise, air cavities may remain in the concrete, which will significantly weaken the slab. Tapping the formwork and tamping concrete manually does not give such a high-quality result as vibrolaying.
7. When the concrete hardens, we make permanent supports for the balcony from the ground or diagonal supports on the wall.
You can also build a balcony in place of the old one. The photo shows how you can increase the area by making a balcony with an extension.
This is the correct way to make an extension with a gas pipe with your own hands.
How to legalize a balcony?
Making balconies with your own hands, regardless of the floor, is allowed only on the basis of the project. Therefore, we will consider the necessary steps that must be taken before starting construction.
First, to clarify the situation, contact the city architectural department. Perhaps your house is an architectural monument and the issue of approving the construction of a balcony will no longer be necessary. There are also restrictions that are individual for each city and they should be clarified.
Next, you need to submit an application to an organization that has a license for the appropriate type. design work with an application for designing a balcony. As a result of visiting these two authorities, you will have a list of documents that should be prepared before construction begins.
We invite you to watch how to build a balcony with your own hands, the video shows many important points. You can start making an extension only by following the advice of the specialists shown in the video.
Some residential buildings do not have balconies on the first and second floors. This fact is quite confusing for residents, since a loggia or balcony is an additional usable area. On its territory you can store canned goods, bicycles, tools and much more that the household should have at hand; it is not accepted on a code day. Some even set up a gym, office or winter Garden. Is it possible to make a balcony if there is none?
Is it possible to make a balcony if there is none?
It should be noted that for the manufacture of a balcony you will need permission from the relevant authorities. If you don't get it, then quite a few problems may arise. serious problems, the minimum of which is the demolition of the entire structure. Unauthorized extensions to these structures in multi-story buildings are prohibited.
In order to make a balcony, you will need the following documents and permits:
- Ownership of the apartment;
- Plan of the apartment and adjacent area (BTI);
- Permit document from housing and communal services;
- Written consent of residents who live next door;
- Redevelopment project;
- Permission from the utility service, department of architecture.
If possible, it is better to contact a notary who will be able to collect all the documentation in a short period of time. An independent procedure will take a lot of time.
Is it possible to attach a balcony to an apartment (video)
If the apartment has no balcony
An apartment without a balcony – not so much attractive option. Many owners, when selling real estate, have to discount a lot a large amount precisely because there is no balcony. But at the same time, having made an extension, you can not only increase usable area apartment, but selling it is much more profitable.
Nowadays, building a balcony in an apartment is a very common occurrence. At the same time, almost always the owners of apartments on the upper floors begin to complete their space.
As an option, you can consider an innovative invention - a balcony-window, which performs a dual function. True, there will be practically no increase in usable space. But more on that below.
Design is an important point
No construction is complete without a design procedure. If there is no balcony, and the owner wants to build one, the first step is to draw up a sketch of the future balcony. At the same time, we must not forget that the design must be harmoniously combined with the overall facade of the building. For design, a drawing is created, from which in the future it will be possible to easily calculate the amount of consumables.
There are a lot now computer programs, which allow you to create a project and see future design in 3D image.
The ideal option is to use the services of a competent and professional architect or builder, because the main thing is not only beauty, but also the strength and durability of the structure.
What are the options for balconies?
If there is no balcony, then you can build it yourself.
There are several ways to attach a balcony:
- A cantilevered slab is the most common method of fastening structures in high-rise buildings;
- Slab on cantilever beams - more often used in cottages;
- Slab on brackets - used for the construction of balconies in multi-storey buildings, this type allows you to withstand heavy loads;
- A balcony that rests on a house wall or column;
- Attached (attached) balconies - in this case, structures attached to the building.
If there is no balcony, but it is planned to build one, then independent construction It is better to use brackets or extensions. Owners of apartments on the first floor are mostly deprived of additional convenience. Ideal option in this case there is a metal frame that will be attached to the wall of the building. At correct installation, in the future, neighbors who live above can also increase the area of the balcony.
The creation of a structure begins with the manufacture of a frame, for which you will need metal corners(6*6 cm), for the parapet (4.5*4.5 cm). The base must have the shape of an isosceles right triangle. After the welding work is completed, the structure must be attached to the wall using anchor bolts. To the region top shelves welded metal carcass, which serves as a support for the floor of the future balcony.
The next stage is strengthening the parapet, dismantling the window block and creating a doorway. Then flooring and floor insulation are carried out. There should be a sheet of metal under the base. It will protect against fires and intrusion.
For external cladding Corrugated sheets are most often used. The final stage is glazing the balcony, insulation.
The balcony does not have to be standard. On the ground floor, some people prefer take-out balconies. This method allows you to maximize the usable area. In order for the building to look perfect and have an aesthetic appearance, you need to think about the external decoration.
Some people prefer to build an extension balcony on the foundation. The most common options for building a balcony with your own hands are attached ones. In this case, the balcony will rest on the foundation and be attached to façade wall
Attached structures have advantages over suspended ones - they can be attached without fear, using a large overhang from the wall, which creates much more usable space.
The whole procedure begins with laying the foundation. A pit is dug and foundation blocks are installed. It is important that the depth of the foundation should be such that it does not exceed the freezing depth of the soil. The height of the foundation of the building and the extension must be identical. Decorative finishing The foundation of the attached balcony should be made in the same style as the building.
Further stages - construction brickwork, which forms the walls of the building and the balcony itself. The walls are attached as closely as possible to the facade of the building. All waterproofing work must be completed. Experts recommend using double waterproofing when building a balcony with your own hands. Thus, the building will be protected from groundwater or moisture. Almost always the roof of such a balcony is the slab of the upper floor. But in this case, everything depends on the owner of the construction site. You can make an independent roof.
The next stages are insulation and glazing of the structure. Nowadays panoramic glazing is considered stylish and quite common. Depending on the function of the balcony, you can make a cold or warm glazing. Many people prefer not only insulating the facade, but also installing heating radiators inside the balcony. The final stage is the interior and exterior decoration of the structure.
Window-balcony - a new design solution
If you don’t have a balcony, then you don’t have to worry too much, because today there are quite a lot of different construction innovations that have already been introduced. One of them is a balcony window. The design is truly unique, because an ordinary window can easily be transformed into a small balcony with railings. Danish developers made a real splash by creating such a design. It is now widely used in country cottages and serves not only as a balcony, but also as an emergency fire exit.
Using a balcony window, you can make the attic more spacious and fill it with daylight. This design is considered an innovation and practical solution for those who want to get a beautiful landscape from the window, access to the air directly from Masandra.
Window-balcony (video)
A window becomes a balcony in a matter of seconds. Having lifted the upper section, you need to push the lower one forward. That's it - you can go out and breathe fresh air. Mounting method: top hinges. Can be used as a balcony or just a window that can be opened for ventilation. The only drawback is the rather expensive cost of the system. This design is available only to wealthy people.
Attention, TODAY only!
Having a balcony helps people expand their apartment space. It is often used as a warehouse for old unnecessary things, drying clothes or other functions at your discretion. But nowadays, when living space becomes scarce due to equipment and furniture, many are thinking about using a balcony as part of an apartment.
Comfortable, warm, functional balcony with your own hands
Preparatory work
You can start repairing with your own hands only after everything has been completed preparatory work. First of all, you need to get rid of everything that will interfere. Things that have accumulated on the balcony, old coverings that have become unusable, unreliable partitions - all this needs to be removed.
You should check as you go balcony slab for the presence of voids and coiling elements. In order to assess the condition of the slab, I advise you to seek help from a specialist. Then think about the progress of the work and what you need to do with the balcony room:
- glaze;
- insulate;
- ennoble;
- strengthen;
- add lattice;
- make a major overhaul.
First of all, it is necessary to empty the balcony of things and clean it of unusable structures and cladding.
In the case when you plan to cover the loggia using MDF or lining, it is important to get rid of cracks. Suitable for this polyurethane foam. If the cracks are sealed and the foam has dried, its remains must be cut off and the sections treated with cement mortar. This is done so that the foam does not rot or collapse due to humidity and temperature. Small holes must be closed using silicone sealant. Before you start work, you should prepare materials and tools.
Materials
In stores that sell Construction Materials, a wide variety of products that are suitable for finishing works with your own hands. With so many materials available, choosing the right one can be difficult. One thing will help simplify your task. Balcony is outer side building. It has virtually no protection from wind and rain. Taking this into account, it is important to provide comfortable conditions directly inside the balcony, as well as insulate it.
Balcony insulation with mineral wool
The most common material for insulating loggias is mineral wool. Among the advantages, the following properties can be noted:
- low thermal conductivity;
- soundproofing;
- chemical and biological resistance;
- fire resistance;
- ease of operation.
Moreover, it costs no more than other insulation materials. To cover everything with cotton wool, you need space, which is created thanks to the finishing material installed on the frame. Therefore, the lining plastic panels or MDF will be ideal for processing a loggia.
The largest percentage of heat escapes through windows if they are not sealed. If the glazing is poor, the effectiveness of all insulation is reduced to zero. All your efforts and resources will be in vain. Among different types glazing, the best option there will be warm glazing. In this case, metal-plastic double-glazed windows are used. In addition to retaining heat, such double-glazed windows suppress noise, which will be useful for those who live in noisy areas of the city.
Balcony glazing with double glazed windows
Balcony insulation work
It is also easy to carry out floor insulation work with your own hands. Extruded polystyrene foam is most often used. The material is light and dense, adapted to withstand heavy loads and has thermal insulation properties. Using an adhesive, the slabs are laid on the floor. It is important that the surface is flat. Dowels are attached for reliability. A mesh is laid on the slabs, after which the floor is filled with the mixture. You can decorate this floor with anything. Some people use tiles. But mostly they use linoleum or laminate to make the floor even warmer.
Insulation of balcony floors with polystyrene foam
Let's move on to insulating the balcony walls. Most often, when choosing a material, they stop at lining. The advantages include:
- naturalness;
- practicality;
- efficiency;
- durability.
Preparing balcony walls for clapboard cladding
It is noteworthy that if you decorate the walls with wood, it will give your balcony a natural look. Installation of the lining is carried out on the frame. He might be from wooden slats, and from a metal profile. Slats are often chosen.
In order for the material to appear as a single whole, the frame itself must be aligned along all planes, in order to avoid differences or bevels.
Work should start from top to bottom. After fastening the frame, it is laid waterproofing material. Ruberoid is well suited for this purpose. It is easy to install and relatively inexpensive. All this can be easily done with your own hands.
The balcony is lined with clapboard
Then we attach the lining. There shouldn't be any difficulties. Doing everything carefully is the key to successful installation. Difficulties can only arise when finishing the corners. But thanks to the baseboard, everything can be hidden.
Arrangement and design
In conclusion, how to do it yourself, it is important to note the interior of the balcony you created. It can be called the most enjoyable type of work. You can decorate the room to suit every taste, depending on how rich your imagination is. If you want to use the loggia for relaxation, you will need pieces of furniture. When the size allows, you can add small sofa. A table and chairs will also create coziness. Each of your guests will appreciate this decoration, especially if you add several plants or crafts that you made with your own hands to the interior.
Functional and compact furniture for balcony
Important! Ordinary furniture will not be suitable for such a balcony. It should be compact, transformable and lightweight. To prevent fading, the glass can be tinted or a resistant material can be used.
It is better to curtain the windows. If you spare no expense, you can purchase blinds or roller blinds. Availability of a cabinet, paintings, various elements decor, candlesticks and mirrors will only decorate the balcony. Some people use this space as their own study or office. It's easy to arrange. All you need is a computer table and workplace ready! In such a room you can relax, enjoy the view from the window, read a book or just be alone with yourself. All you have to do is close the door.
Convenient work area on the balcony
But you should protect yourself. Such a luxurious office will not be missed by unscrupulous people, and everything you have done with your own hands will be in vain. Therefore, if your balcony is on the 2nd or 3rd floor, you need to provide a protective grille to avoid robbery and threat to your health.
Forged products are best suited. Before installing the grille, you need to measure the slab and opening. Only after this you need to order the grille required sizes. A damaged or unusable slab should be restored, as it may collapse under the load. To make your balcony look aesthetically pleasing from the street, the lattice can be covered with the help of plants. Then it will look beautiful, and the grilles themselves will not be visible.
If space allows, you can place a living corner on the balcony
After such manipulations, the balcony will be an excellent addition to your apartment and will last for many years. And knowing that it was made with your own hands will make you appreciate it even more.
Do-it-yourself balcony in Khrushchev: step-by-step instructions
A closet on a loggia or balcony helps solve the problem of lack of space in the apartment for rarely used but much needed things. The right approach to choosing the shape and design will help maintain the attractive appearance of the balcony and make the most of its usable area. The existing variety of materials allows you to create a cabinet that best suits the interior. You can make a cabinet for a balcony with your own hands quickly, efficiently and with minimal financial costs.
Balcony cabinet options
Before you start designing a cabinet, you should understand the variety of configurations and choose the most functional option for yourself.
Loggias and balconies have different dimensions, so all dimensions in the diagrams are approximate. In each individual case, the drawing should be compared with the actual dimensions.
Built-in and cabinet structures
A built-in wardrobe is the most convenient and economical option. It occupies every centimeter of the area intended for it, even the space under the windowsill. Lateral and back wall You don’t have to close it, which significantly saves material. The disadvantage of such a cabinet is the impossibility of moving it to another place. But usually there is no need for this. The built-in wardrobe is made from floor to ceiling so that it can accommodate as many shelves as possible for the necessary things.
You can install ready-made cabinet furniture on the balcony or use old furniture as a shelving unit. bookshelf With big amount shelves But the option is not ideal, since it is difficult to choose furniture of the required size.
Corner balcony furniture
Corner cabinets are quite large, but can accommodate significantly more things. The advantage of such designs is the ability not to sacrifice part window opening and maintain access of light to the room.
In this version, the wide part of the cabinet occupies the side wall of the loggia, and the narrow part is adjacent to the front wall. In such cabinets you can only install sliding doors, which makes it possible to save money usable space loggias.
There is another version of the corner cabinet - more massive and voluminous.
Everyone determines the number of shelves and their location based on their needs. The doors are hinged, but roller shutters can also be used.
Compact containers for storing small items
Tall cabinets are well suited for loggias with blank side walls, as they allow rational use of usable space. But such furniture is not suitable for balconies that have full glazing around the perimeter of the outer walls. In this case the best option there will be a low cabinet under the window, which can be placed under one or both end walls or along the entire length of the balcony under the window sill.
The choice of model depends on the size of the balcony and the purposes for which the cabinet will be used.
Non-standard ideas for arranging a balcony-boot
Many people are baffled by the boot-shaped balcony. Exists great amount original ideas on how to turn a completely unnecessary, at first glance, “appendix” into a pantry or a full-fledged built-in wardrobe with a lot of shelves.
To do this, it is enough to install the frame for the shelves, the shelves themselves and sew up the facade. You can use roller shutters or swing door made of material suitable for the interior. Instead of a double-glazed window, you can install a sandwich package (plastic-insulation-plastic).
Video: beautiful do-it-yourself loggia furniture
Doors, frames, shelves - which options to choose?
Doors - possible designs:
- Sliding doors save loggia space, as they do not require free space to open. It is convenient, beautiful and practical. The only downside is that this design slightly reduces inner space cabinet;
- hinged doors make it possible to see the entire contents of the cabinet at once, close tightly and are practical to use. The disadvantage is the need for additional space in front of the cabinet for free opening;
- accordion door if correct design solution can decorate the interior of the loggia. The advantage is saving space in front of the cabinet. The disadvantage of such a door is that it does not fit tightly and there is no full review, even with the door fully open;
- Roller shutters have not been used in the furniture industry for long, but have already found many fans. The only drawback is high price. The advantages include easy installation, tightness, full opening, no need for extra space, immunity to sunlight and moisture.
Gallery: types of doors for balcony cabinets
The frame can be wooden or metal.
It must be remembered that if the balcony is unheated and has high humidity, a wooden beam may soon become unusable.
To avoid this, you should choose timber with a large cross-section and regularly treat it with special impregnations.
The best option is to use a galvanized metal profile. It is not afraid of moisture and temperature changes, and any finishing material is attached to it quite easily.
To simplify the task, you can use metal guides with brackets on which the shelves are placed. The distance between the shelves can be easily changed using the holes in the guides.
The number and shape of shelves depend on the size of the cabinet. A built-in closet under the ceiling is usually made in two sections. One section contains a large number of shelves and is designed for small items or cans. The second consists of a compartment for large items and one upper shelf.
IN corner cupboard You can accommodate a large number of shelves at different distances from each other. Window cabinets with a standard shelf arrangement are primarily intended for cans or small items.
If you want to give the loggia a more aesthetic look, you can install a cabinet with corner shelves under the flowers, decorative elements or books.
Material selection
When choosing material for the cabinet, you should consider climatic conditions, overall design loggias, expected load on shelves, financial capabilities.
Possible options:
- wood is the most expensive material. Has excellent aesthetic and performance characteristics, subject to temperature regime and rules of care. Not recommended for use on cold balconies with high humidity;
- plastic is cheap and practical material. Not subject to temperature changes, moisture resistant and not picky in care. Disadvantages are color change when exposed to sunlight and instability to mechanical damage;
- MDF (fine fraction) is an environmentally friendly material, its properties are similar to natural wood, but much cheaper. The panels are resistant to moisture and high temperatures;
- Chipboard is pressed wood chips, but unlike MDF, harmful resins are used in production, which makes the board environmentally unsafe. Doesn't hold fastened parts well and can break. But the price is much lower than MDF boards;
- Fiberboard (fibreboard) - not intended for facing works. In furniture production it is used to make the back part. The disadvantage is high hygroscopicity, which causes deformation.
Gallery: types of materials used
When arranging a cabinet on the balcony with your own hands, you can combine lumber with plastic and other finishing materials.
Gallery: photos of original cabinets made of wood, plastic, lining
Drawings and step-by-step instructions for making balcony cabinets
It’s possible to arrange a closet on the balcony home handyman who can hold the instrument correctly.
Before you begin manufacturing, you need to decide on the location, type, size and material. The next step is to create a sketch or drawing with precisely defined dimensions of the cabinet, the number and location of shelves and door design.
When the configuration and material of the future product are selected, you can decide on the fittings and necessary tools.
Tool you may need:
- electric saw;
- electric drill;
- hammer;
- plane;
- chisels;
- hydraulic level;
- screwdriver;
- hammer;
- roulette;
- screwdriver;
- square;
- pliers;
- construction knife;
- sandpaper;
- plumb line
There are three assembly options:
- built-in wardrobe. Has no internal walls. The structure for the shelves is assembled using wooden blocks or a metal profile. Only the front part of the cabinet and the door are manufactured;
- portable cabinet. The basis is a frame, which is covered with plasterboard, clapboard, chipboard or plastic;
- cabinet cabinet. The box is completely assembled from the selected material. Shelves and doors are attached directly to the assembled structure.
Let's consider all the options.
Scheme and procedure for manufacturing built-in balcony furniture
Such a cabinet is made from floor to ceiling and from wall to wall. Before starting installation, it is necessary to remove the skirting boards, if any.
The best option for making a frame is wooden blocks. They are easy to cut and quite simple to assemble. You can use a metal profile for drywall. This option is, of course, cheaper, but you can forget about the aesthetic appearance.
Before starting installation, you need to make markings. To do this, in place of the facade, you should attach a square at an angle of 90º to the side wall and draw a line on the ceiling. Next, using a level or plumb line, continue the line to the side walls and connect to the floor.
Then we attach the frame as follows:
- Apply the block to the surface.
- We mark the timber for fasteners in increments of 0.5 meters.
- Drilling a block thin drill according to the marks so that marks remain on the surface of the wall or ceiling.
- We remove the block and use a hammer drill to make holes in the base for fasteners.
- Insert the dowels into the resulting holes.
- We screw the block with self-tapping screws to the surface.
This is how the entire frame is assembled. First you need to install the rear racks plumb. If they cannot be fixed to the walls, then using corners we attach them to the ceiling and floor.
The bars can be connected using shaped cutouts, but fastening with corners is the most convenient.
It is better to mark under the shelves using a hydraulic level. Of course, you can use a regular level, but it is more difficult to achieve horizontality with it. Assembling the base for the shelves is similar to assembling the main frame.
After the frame is completely assembled, you need to sew up the shelves. For this you can use chipboards or MDF, but shelves made of boards look more aesthetically pleasing. Simple planks of small thickness are suitable, which are screwed to the frame with self-tapping screws.
Using this cabinet design, it is necessary to think about the cladding of the front part. In our case, this is the door.
A classic and convenient option is swing doors. If the inside of the cabinet is made of wood, then it is better to cover the door with clapboard. It is necessary to perform work according to the following algorithm:
- Take dimensions and draw a sketch.
- Make a template for cutting the board.
- Slice required amount boards of the same length.
- For each door, prepare three bars: two of the same length and one corresponding to the diagonal doorway. This is the frame of the future door, shaped like the letter Z.
- Place the frame on flat surface, lay the clapboard on top. If all dimensions match, you can begin assembly.
- First you need to screw the outer boards.
- All subsequent planks must be tightly screwed to the horizontal and diagonal beam.
To make a door you can use MDF boards, which will simplify the task. It is necessary to take accurate measurements and cut the slab to size. You can do this yourself, but it is better to order cutting from a special service with a lamination service for the ends.
The next stage is installing hinges and hanging the door.
To install the hinges correctly, you must first fix them on the doors, and then make markings on the racks.
Having made preliminary markings, you need to cut through the wood with a chisel. The depth of the cavity should be sufficient to recess the metal part of the hinge. Then you should remove the remaining chips with a chisel. Recesses that are too deep will make it difficult to open the door.
Then you need to place the loop in the resulting hole and secure it with self-tapping screws. It is more convenient to first assemble such a structure on the door, and then screw it onto the cabinet.
After assembly, it is necessary to eliminate distortions using special adjustable bolts. After completing the door installation, you should attach the handles.
Video: making a built-in wardrobe with your own hands
Procedure for installing small cabinets
It is most convenient to make a low cabinet under the side wall of the loggia from chipboard sheets or MDF. Initially, you need to draw a diagram with exact dimensions and cut the slabs to the specified dimensions. It is better to do this immediately when purchasing the material.
Build process:
- Assemble the side walls and bottom using corners.
- The back wall can be made of fiberboard. Secure with furniture nails.
- Screw the corners where the shelves are attached.
- Lay out the shelves.
- Attach an MDF sheet or table top to the top.
- Install the doors.
Very convenient option is a narrow cabinet under the window. It is beneficial to make such furniture if the window sill is too wide. To avoid wasting space under the windowsill, it is better to occupy it with additional capacity. It is easy to build from blocks on which shelves are placed. On the balconies long length you need to install intermediate bars. This is necessary to give stability to the shelves. Hinged or sliding doors are installed on the façade.
Video: how to quickly assemble a cabinet from chipboard panels
Assembly procedure for corner elements
You can draw up a diagram yourself or find a suitable one and enter the required dimensions.
This option can be assembled without a frame, following the order of operations:
- Nail or screw (depending on the quality of the walls) the bars under the shelves.
- Make markings for the façade.
- Secure a block or metal profile, depending on the intended type of cladding.
- Fix the strips to the ceiling and floor beams when covering with wood. If you use plastic for cladding, then screw a special profile to the ceiling, with the help of which the strips are combined into a single sheet.
- Attach the clapboard door to four cross bars and install hinges.
You can make a built-in corner wardrobe with sliding doors, which will significantly save free space. Door installation procedure:
- Attach guides to the ceiling and floor along which the door rollers will move.
- Attach to door panel accessories.
- After assembling the fittings, check the smooth movement of the guides.
The disadvantage of sliding doors is the high cost of fittings.
It’s not difficult to make a wardrobe for your balcony with your own hands. Instructions and recommendations will help in installing the selected structure. The main thing is to choose the right model and make accurate measurements. A little effort and new wardrobe It will please the eye for many years and help maintain order in the apartment.
Many homeowners, soon after purchasing or building their homes, have a desire to make their home even more convenient and comfortable. For example, equip a balcony on the second floor.
In general, the work plan will be as follows:
- Consideration and selection of possible design solutions;
- Design;
- Construction works;
- Preparation of documentation for the house.
There can be several options for equipping a balcony on the second floor of a detached house:
- Installation of a balcony on a platform fixed to the wall on the second floor with brackets;
- Extension of a balcony on the extensions of the interfloor floor beams;
- Extension of a balcony on separate supports (pillars) not connected to the walls of the house;
- Extension of a balcony as an upper room on the outbuilding. This option may include double balconies- simultaneously on the first and second floors.
Select from possible solutions depends on the features building structures home and the owner's preferences.
To identify opportunities load-bearing walls At home, it is best to contact specialists from construction companies. But you can make a preliminary assessment yourself. The evaluation criteria will be:
- Material and thickness of load-bearing walls;
- Age of construction;
- Condition of building elements.
Having examined the house, having studied project documentation, if any, and technical certificate one of the following conclusions can be drawn:
- 1 If the house is built of brick, the wall thickness is at least 50 cm (two standard bricks), there is no destruction of the masonry, the foundation is without damage, then on the second floor you can attach a balcony of any of the above structures;
- 2 If the walls of the house are built from timber measuring at least 20x20 cm, the house is no more than 15-20 years old, the timber is not damaged by grinding insects, interfloor ceilings in excellent condition, made of beams or assembled from boards, with a cross-section of at least 20x10 cm, the foundation is not damaged, extensions are possible interfloor beams. Options with separate support pillars and an outbuilding. It is advisable to make the same decision if the house is built from foam concrete or aerated concrete blocks;
- 3 In a house with lightweight frame walls, as well as in the case of walls made of slag-cast (expanded clay concrete) blocks, on the second floor it is possible to add a balcony only using schemes with separate support pillars or additional rooms on their own foundation (outbuildings or verandas).
After choosing an option, you need to make a drawing of the future balcony or the entire structure and calculate the required amount of materials. If there is no construction experience, then it is better to order a project from a specialized organization.
To facilitate further arrangement of access to the balcony, it is necessary to design its location where there is already a window opening on the second floor. Another excellent solution would be to add a porch and install a balcony supported by its roof.
Important! Before starting construction or installation work, you need to coordinate the redevelopment of the house with control authorities, such as the city architectural department or the housing inspection. There may be additional requirements for appearance, in case the house is located with a facade on the red line of the street. In the future, the approval procedure will help to avoid difficulties with registering changes in documents for the house.
Tools, accessories and materials
General list of basic tools required for installation of an additional balcony on the second floor:
- Standard carpenter's set: hacksaws, axes, plane, hammer, chisels, pliers;
- Measuring and marking tools: building level, plumb line, squares, tape measure, metal rulers different sizes, markers and pencils;
- Power tools: drill with drills for metal, wood and concrete, screwdriver, angle grinder (grinder) with a set cutting wheels for metal;
- Wrenches for working with threaded connections.
If the project involves installing metal brackets or working with metal, then you will need welding inverter, electrodes and welder's tools - mask, clamps, brushes with metal bristles.
For the construction of structures with separate support pillars or a separate foundation in the list the necessary tool The concrete mixer and excavation tools should be included.
List and quantity necessary materials depends on the option chosen and will approximately include:
- Lumber, quantity and type depend on the size of the balcony;
- Metal profiles - corners, channels, rectangular pipes;
- Wooden, concrete or metal poles(pipes) for support;
- Screws (self-tapping screws), connecting threaded rods, nails;
- Electrodes for welding metal structures;
- Cement, construction sand and small crushed stone for installing support pillars;
- Paints and varnishes.
General installation procedure
For a balcony on brackets:
For a balcony on supporting pillars:
Important! A balcony can only be built against a wall perpendicular to the interfloor beams;
For a balcony on the continuation of the floor beams:
Balconies on the roofs of outbuildings and porches are easier to install; it is enough to dismantle the roof, replace the rafters with stronger ones if necessary, and attach the subfloor of the balcony to them. After these steps, the installation of fencing, finishing and installation of the balcony door on the second floor is carried out.