The main advantage of combined projects is the combination of different wall materials from which they are taken best characteristics and properties. Simply put, these houses are more comfortable to live in than completely stone ones, and more reliable than completely wooden houses.
The lower, stone floor usually has a garage, boiler room, swimming pool or sauna, kitchen, storage room and laundry room. Thus, these rooms are not exposed to moisture and fire. However, concrete lacks the comfortable feeling of warmth and naturalness. This disadvantage can be solved by construction combined project, in which the second floor is designed from wood wall material, giving comfort and a healthy atmosphere. The upper, wooden floor is living sector with bedrooms, children's room, office for work. As you know, wood “breathes” because it has pores and allows air to pass through. Relaxing and sleeping in wood is much more pleasant and easier than in concrete.
The base of a combined house is usually made of:
- brick
- building blocks (gas blocks, foam block, wood concrete, keramite, expanded clay block)
- monolith
- a natural stone
The second and subsequent floors are designed from:
- timber - regular, glued, profiled
- log - planed or rounded
- frame technology with wood-look cladding
- made of sip panels - also with wood finish
An excursion into the history of combined projects
The combination of stone and wood has been used in the construction of houses for a very long time, both in Russia and abroad. Initially the basis for this method The construction was inspired by the chalet style, common among the inhabitants of the Alpine mountains. A stone foundation was necessary to firmly plant the house on the mountain slopes and to withstand snow and wind. The residential roof was built of wood and had wide roof overhangs for protection from rain, which is currently the “calling card” of this architectural style.
In our country, houses using stone and wood were quite popular among merchants, wealthy artisans and kulaks. The lower stone floors were used by merchants as warehouses and shops, and by artisans as workshops. The second wooden floor was used as a residential floor. Such combined houses were cheaper than completely stone ones, and were more durable than completely wooden ones; thanks to the elevation of the wooden part above the ground, it was protected from flooding and less susceptible to fires. Total benefit!
Features of designing combined houses
As previously stated, main feature combined projects is a symbiosis of the strength of the stone of the first floor and the lightness of the wood of the upper floors. Of course, without good foundation this cannot be done, but its load will be less in the case of designing and building two floors from stone at once. And since the foundation is usually 25% of the total price of the house, you can save quite a decent amount on it. Unlike blocks, wood on the second floor will not require global finishing, except for priming and painting, so you can save money at this stage as well.
Combined houses do not require a long time to shrink. You can move into these houses immediately upon completion of the basic construction - having finished only the lower, stone floor. The wooden part, as in ordinary wooden houses, will shrink within 1.5-2 years, so it is not recommended to finish it and move in immediately.
Savings on the construction of combined projects can also be obtained on thermal insulation, because, unlike an entirely stone house, a combined one requires less thermal insulation. It is also not necessary to treat the entire house with an antiseptic, unlike an entirely wooden house.
The tree is removed from the ground, and therefore from exposure to moisture. From stone building materials, you can safely build such premises as a boiler room, a bathroom - even with a sauna, even with a swimming pool, or a living room with a fireplace. As a result, the customer of the combined project will receive a competent, technologically advanced building at a low price, the materials of which are used by each person precisely for their own purposes.
A pleasant and unusual appearance is guaranteed if you choose a combined house project. A log or beam looks aesthetically pleasing and of good quality, and the finishing of the first floor is made of artificial stone or plaster will give the appearance respectability. Our company’s specialists can design the facades either as a single whole or by preserving an unforgettable combination of wood and stone!
As the title suggests, in this article we will cover not only projects combined houses made of brick and timber. Its subject matter is broader - combining different materials in private housing construction. So, let's go...
Combined materials
Let's start with those cases when two different materials are combined in one structural element.
I-beam from OSB
The shape of the I-beam is designed to provide maximum rigidity with respect to a bending load directed in a certain direction. With much less material consumption, it practically does not differ in strength from solid timber of the corresponding section.
However, if any shape can be cast from metal, then the economic feasibility of producing an I-beam from solid timber is questionable: yes, we will lighten the structure, but it will go to waste most of quality wood.
One of the solutions is glued construction from a strip of oriented strand board and two small cross-section bars. OSB provides bending rigidity, and the timber provides ease of installation.
Please note: in addition, the bars do not allow the OSB strip to curl under load.
The basis of the ceiling is a combined I-beam.
SIP panels
Another example of an extremely successful combination of dissimilar materials is sip panels. If in frame house the sheathing is devoid of load-bearing functions and rigidity is ensured, then two layers of OSB glued together and a layer of extruded polystyrene foam form a rigid structure. Note - a structure with excellent load-bearing capacity.
Advantages building material quite numerous:
- Low price. The panel is slightly more expensive than a set of two OSB boards and insulation; but we save significantly on the frame.
- Easy DIY installation. The instructions for assembling the wall are ridiculously simple: just insert the timber into the grooves of the ends of adjacent panels and tighten the OSB to it with self-tapping screws. Additional reliability and tightness of the connection is ensured by preliminary foaming.
- Structural strength. The practice of using houses in regions with frequent hurricane winds has shown that they can withstand the violence of the elements without fatal destruction.
- Unlike frame structures.
- Excellent thermal insulation qualities. Of course, the claim that a house made of sip panels can be heated with a couple of candles is a fiction. However, the consumption of thermal energy to maintain a constant temperature in the building actually decreases from what is considered a standard 100 to 35-40 watts per square meter area.
Combined timber
This material is in some way a development of the idea of sip panels, adapted to the aesthetics of wooden architecture. Combined laminated veneer lumber is two lamellas made of high-quality wood of low humidity with a layer of extruded polystyrene foam glued between them.
Conventional laminated veneer lumber and combined timber have noticeably different properties in favor of the latter:
- Combined is noticeably cheaper. The difference in price reaches a third: after all, foamed polymer is much cheaper than high-grade wood, especially taking into account the costs of its drying and processing.
- It's lighter. The density of expanded polystyrene is much lower than the density of any wood, not excluding light spruce, pine and cedar. WITH practical side the lower weight of each crown means not only easier installation, but also less load on the foundation. Therefore, you can also save on it.
- Finally, the main thing: and here we get where better thermal insulation, allowing you to do without additional insulation walls and significantly save on heating.
Combined buildings
Brick or wood? This question haunts many generations of independent builders. There are many compelling arguments in favor of both solutions.
Advantages of brick
- The masonry is extremely durable. IN brick house there is no need to fear unauthorized entry from the outside (at least through walls); He is not afraid of hurricanes, tornadoes and other natural disasters. Even a flood in a brick house will only force the walls to dry out, but a beam or log will most likely leak.
- Brick wall - solid foundation for massive upper floors. In this case, the builder does not need to worry whether the mass of the floors will become excessive for load-bearing walls load.
Advantages of timber
In favor construction timber No fewer arguments can be given:
- It has much better thermal insulation qualities. At the same time thermal resistance the walls can be made 2.5 - 3 times thicker.
- Construction will be much faster: after all, the structural element has much larger linear dimensions.
It is worth clarifying: we are talking about construction from dry timber. The material is so called natural humidity requires at least six months of preservation for shrinkage.
- The walls have excellent vapor and air permeability. IN wooden house It's never stuffy or damp.
- Finally, wood is simply a very beautiful material. Thanks to high-quality surface treatment, glued or profiled timber may well become an independent element design.
Solution
The solution to the problem of choice can be quite simple: combined houses made of brick and timber are buildings in which the walls from the foundation to interfloor covering built of brick, and above the ceiling - wooden or reinforced concrete - rises a made one.
On the picture - combined house under construction.
As a rule, there is a functional division of floors:
- In the brick part of the building there remains a garage, a dining room, a kitchen, a boiler room, a sauna and other premises for purely functional and technical purposes.
- Bedrooms and recreational area - living room, children's room, etc. - migrate inside the wooden part of the house.
What is the result?
- A combined house made of timber and brick is not afraid of floods. In any case, the damage from them will not be comparable to the scale of damage in a solid wooden house.
- Brick walls can become a reliable foundation for a monolithic or slab reinforced concrete floor, which in a number of parameters is more convenient than any flooring on wooden beams.
- At the same time, the inhabitants of the house are provided with maximum comfort: they have all the advantages of a wooden structure.
Conclusion
As usual, the video in this article will demonstrate equally useful information on the specified topic. Good luck in construction!
Brick strength and natural beauty wood - these are the main criteria that have forced people to make a choice in favor of these materials for centuries. And if you combine them, you can generally get an unexpected result in terms of aesthetics.
Which option should you prefer: the first floor is brick, the second is wooden - or simply, as shown above, use wood to make architectural elements?
And in general, what designs of combined houses made of brick and wood can be adopted by those who decide to build a house with their own hands? You will learn about this and much more from the material we present.
How to combine wood and brick
Both wood and brick can equally well play the role of both constructive and finishing material - therefore, they are easy to combine. If we talk about a building as such, it can be called combined when at least two wall construction technologies are used during the construction process.
Note! Since wood has less strength than brick, it is often combined like this: the 1st floor is brick, the 2nd floor is wooden - the house looks very interesting, especially if its design follows any architectural style.
In addition to the fact that such combinations greatly decorate the facade, they also make it possible to really save the construction budget. The use of lighter material at the upper level reduces the load on the foundation.
And then, the second floor can be built not only from heavy timber or logs - there are other alternatives.
Frame walls for the second floor
One of them can be considered frame technology. Its essence lies in the construction of a wooden frame, which serves as the basis for creating multilayer construction made of thick insulation, protective roll membranes, internal and external cladding.
As a result, light and very warm walls are obtained:
- It should be said that outside wooden frame sheathe moisture resistant plywood or OSB boards. These materials are also related to wood, as they are its derivatives. During the finishing process, they are often painted, performing contrasting decorative paneling with wooden or composite slats, which makes it possible to create a “half-timbered” design, which you see in the photo below.
- If the price matters to you crucial, then keep in mind that the construction of the second floor is frame technology, gives maximum savings. You can, of course, use it to build an entire house, but along with undeniable advantages, there are also many disadvantages. The insulation incorporated into the structure has a limited service life - after a couple of decades, the sheathing has to be dismantled in order to replace it.
- The timber from which the frame is assembled, no matter how you treat it, rots over time. Therefore, according to service life, frame houses in no way can compete with the durability of brick buildings. Add to this the increased fire hazard and attractiveness to insects and rodents - and you will understand that it is better to build the first floor of the house from brick.
- The layout in such houses is usually carried out like this. There are rooms downstairs common use: entrance hall, kitchen and dining room, living room. Guest rooms are also often located on the ground floor. On the upper level they plan bedrooms, children's rooms, equip work area: office or workshop. Bathrooms in two-story house usually done both below and above.
- By the way, in designed low-rise buildings, the frame can be made not of wood, but of metal, which will allow the introduction of elements brickwork not only downstairs, but also on the second floor. In such projects there is often panoramic glazing, which makes such combinations even more interesting.
- Concepts of many architectural styles: hi-tech, techno, minimalism - do not involve the use of wood at all. That is why in such houses there are no wooden windows and traditional frame roofs constructed from wooden rafters. Their design is based on all possible combinations of materials such as concrete, metal, glass.
If brick is present, it is only as a structural material, the surface of which is lined or plastered. If wood is used, it is only for partial finishing, a version of which you can see in the example below.
Well, to each his own, and there is no arguing about tastes! Next you will be offered installation instructions. wooden structures, without which it is impossible to build an ordinary private house.
Wooden structures for a brick house
A brick wall is an excellent solid foundation for building a second floor made of wood. By by and large, there is not much difference between making a full second floor or adding an attic.
The only difference between them is the height of the walls, and the absence of beam floor.
Connection of brick and wood between floors
Since all top part The house is made of wood, which means it has a relatively light weight; an armored belt between floors does not need to be made. In general, the decision to install armored belts on walls in low-rise construction is made depending on bearing capacity wall material and floor type.
Note! The brick itself has the necessary strength to withstand even the weight reinforced concrete slabs– the main thing is that the thickness of the masonry is correctly calculated for this. Moreover, brick, along with concrete, is often used to install armored belts on walls made of foam and gas blocks. So, you don’t have to worry about this, even if the walls of the second floor are built from fairly heavy timber or logs.
So:
- If the ceiling is beam, then top row brickwork, an additional reinforcing row in the form of a steel mesh should be provided. Under the slab floor, which creates additional loads, you will need to lay several rows of interconnected reinforcing bars along the walls, as shown in the photo above.
- But we think that if you decide to build the second floor from wood, you are unlikely to want to complicate the work and install concrete plates. In any case, in order to install structural elements wooden walls on brick walls, anchor bolts must be embedded in the masonry to allow mechanical fastening.
Strips of roofing material are strung onto the studs, which will serve as a waterproofing layer between the perimeter of the brickwork and lower crown timber or log wall. If the second floor is built using frame technology, brick wall beams will be mounted in the same way bottom trim. The video in this article will help you understand this process clearly.
Ceilings and floors
Before we talk about how to do wooden floor in a brick house, you need to decide on the design of the floors. Laying process flooring frame type, which is a wooden floor, is simplified as much as possible on a wooden beam floor.
In this case, the boardwalk is part of a multi-layer floor structure. But first, of course, it needs to be installed correctly - and we will try to briefly talk about how this is done.
First of all, it is necessary to pay close attention to the quality of the timber, which will bear considerable loads:
- Firstly, it must be wood coniferous species, which works best in bending.
- Secondly, it is better if it is planed, well-dried timber, the length of which should completely cover the run - the distance between opposite load-bearing walls.
- Since the walls of the first floor are built from brick, the installation of floor beams is carried out in the same way as in all brick houses. Their length depends on the chosen method of fastening: if these are special metal consoles, then it is equal to the length of the purlin.
- When laying the ends of the beams into specially provided nests in the wall, the necessary margin must also be taken into account: 12-15 cm from each end. The only thing that should not be forgotten is that the wood should never come into direct contact with metal or brickwork.
- Therefore, the ends of the beams are wrapped protective material without tightly closing the ends, and if necessary, shock-absorbing pads are installed under them. To prevent the appearance of cold bridges, the free space of the recesses into which the ends of the beams will be inserted is filled with insulation.
- As for metal fasteners, they must be stainless - otherwise their corrosion will provoke a process of rotting in the thickness of the wood. Design attic floor similar to the interfloor option. Only the attachment of beams to a wooden wall is done somewhat differently, and their cross-section may be smaller - in any case, if the attic is non-residential.
- Since the space between the beams is then filled with insulation, the pitch of the floor elements is selected based on the width of the material, but usually does not exceed 60 cm. Beams can, of course, have a square cross-section, for example: 150 * 150 mm, but this size is mainly used when they want to use them in the ceiling design.
- The most economical in terms of wood consumption is the option with a cross-section of 50*150, or even 50*180 mm - that is, in fact, this is a thick board mounted on an edge. Approximate diagram You can see the beam floor assemblies in the picture above. Here the insulation is laid on boards that line the ceiling of the lower room.
- But there is another option. Small-section cranial bars are mounted to the sides of the beams, on which they are laid wooden boards or plywood. This approach gives more opportunities for decorating the ceiling of the lower room - for example: you can install a suspended or suspended ceiling there.
- Mounted on top of the beams vapor barrier membrane, which simultaneously plays the role of a shock-absorbing layer. Then, as a rule, a counter-lattice is filled in the transverse direction - it will serve as the basis for installing the floor covering. If you want to make not a boardwalk, but, for example, lay roll covering: linoleum, carpet, or build a heated floor system into the “pie”, then first you will have to install a subfloor made of plywood or chipboard.
- The filling of frame walls is carried out according to a very similar scenario. If the second floor of your house is built using this technology, then a horizontal frame of racks will be installed along the upper perimeter of the walls, as well as below. By the way, the strapping beam here will play the role of a mauerlat, which serves as the base rafter system roofs.
- By the way, regardless of the design of the walls or ceilings, it is always constructed of wood. In addition, few people would think of installing plastic joinery in the openings of wooden walls - so you can’t do without wood here either. The technology for installing wooden windows in a brick house is not particularly different from the process of installing them on log or frame walls, and instructions on this topic are easy to find.
You can also make a balcony and shutters from wood, decorate the porch beautifully, build a terrace at the entrance, install a permanent canopy or an elegant pergola.
There are a lot of options for using wood in home design: both exterior and interior - and for those who love and know how to work with it, there is a wide field for creativity. All that remains is to put your talents into practice, and then admire the fruits of your labor and enjoy the energy of the tree for many years.
Among the completed housing construction work: different types A significant place is occupied by combined houses, projects that use a combination of building materials with different characteristics, for example, a house made of stone and wood. Why are such structures so popular?
Advantages of combined type projects
The correct combination of various building materials used in the construction of building structures allows you to optimally combine the advantages of each of them, minimizing their disadvantages.
For example, the stone is immune to any external influences, including fire. But it is too heavy and large, and a structure built entirely from stone will not support any foundation and in some cases it will require reinforcement. But using wood to construct the top of a building will not only reduce it specific gravity, but will also provide a magnificent appearance. In addition, wood will significantly reduce the cost of construction.
Thus, the design and construction of turnkey combined houses is one of the priorities of the Krovmarket company.
Projects of combined houses in the Chalet style
Among the house-building projects that combine various building materials, there are the following:
The architects of the Krovmarket company have developed various design solutions, including housing that combines brick and wood or stone and wood, that is, you can already see finished projects combined houses. By using any of the proposals, you can reduce the cost of building combined houses without losing quality and aesthetic properties structures.
If a potential homeowner has his own idea of what a future home should look like, Krovmarket architects will create individual project combined house. Any construction solutions, developed by highly qualified specialists and using combinations of different building materials, whether small cozy houses or huge mansions, are distinguished by functionality and special charm.
If, while studying the project catalog, you have questions, our specialists will be happy to answer them and give all the necessary advice on construction and making possible changes to standard projects.
Construction of combined houses
The construction and design of combined houses is one of the company's priorities. Working with us, you will get the maximum useful information, tips and recommendations that will help you understand many things and make the right decision for yourself.
Availability of our own production base;
We work without intermediaries! Own production site in the north of the Kirov region (logging, production of lumber and wooden house kits from logs and timber) - guarantee fair price and prompt resolution of all production issues;
Specialized design bureau
At the request of the customer, we will make any redevelopment and changes to the basic projects or develop an individual one. Our project will take into account all the wishes for the construction of an individual combined house, using modern and efficient construction and finishing materials. Drawings and realistic pictures will be created that will allow you to see your future cottage as it will turn out after construction is completed;
Big choice finished projects
Projects of combined houses are developed taking into account the requirements and norms of the current legislation of the Russian Federation on low-rise construction and guarantees that there will be no problems when obtaining a construction permit and commissioning. All processes and material consumption have been optimized, which will allow you not to overpay, and builders to complete all stages efficiently and in a short time construction work;
Fully equipped home
We offer various configurations of combined houses. Construction can be divided into stages for ease of planning financial costs and the possibility of building a turnkey cottage by one organization. As a result, you will receive a house completely ready to move in;
Construction in many regions of the country
We carry out the construction of combined houses throughout almost the entire territory of the central (European) part of Russia: Moscow, Leningrad, Tver, Ryazan, Vladimir, Novgorod, Pskov, Nizhny Novgorod, Smolensk and other regions;
Transaction security
We guarantee the security of the transaction: The customer pays payments under the contract, step by step, for the delivery of building materials and the completion of the next stage of work, monitoring each stage of construction;
Moderate construction prices
We do not build the cheapest combined houses in Russia, we build them honestly! Transparent estimate: The customer always sees what the price for the cottage is formed from, which is indicated in several options to be able to choose the optimal economic solution;
No hidden fees
We fix the price and cost of construction in the contract, and it remains unchanged, even if the contract was concluded several months before the start of work. All Unexpected expenses at our expense!
Experienced builders
Only experienced and permanent construction teams. Each stage of work is carried out by highly specialized teams. Technical and design (author's) supervision of each stage of construction;
Extensive work experience
Combined houses have a number of fundamental differences from entirely wooden or stone buildings. We know everything possible problems at all stages: design, construction, finishing, commissioning, and we do not allow their occurrence. We have already built a large number of combined houses and we are always ready to show you our existing facilities or cottages that we have already built.
What is good about a brick and timber house project? The main question at the beginning of construction country house or a cottage: what material to build the house from? Manufacturers offer a wide range of: brick, foam concrete and aerated concrete blocks, wood, cinder blocks and other materials that offer a variety of solutions for building a combined house.
The first floor of combined houses is intended for the location of stoves and other fire-hazardous elements, the second - for recreation.
As a rule, the developer decides in favor of one material or another depending on its price, environmental friendliness and durability. Brick is fireproof, and wood is environmentally friendly. What if you combine these materials together? This will be discussed further.
Combined houses made of brick and wood have been in demand among many developers for decades, almost on a par with brick ones. The thing is that such construction is considered the most practical and profitable. First and massive ground floors are built of brick, which ensures fire safety of the room. Therefore, it would be rational to place all fire-hazardous objects on these floors.
A second wooden floor is not required additional finishing, has low thermal conductivity and provides comfort and warmth in the house all year round. In addition, as you know, wood breathes, and this is the key to environmental friendliness and favorable climate. Cottages, the first floor of which is made of brick and the second floor of timber, look very attractive and aesthetically pleasing. Despite the obvious differences between these two materials, they combine perfectly under one roof, complementing each other.
Another one positive feature construction of houses made of brick and timber - fast speed construction load-bearing structures, since walls made of large elements (timber) develop quite quickly. The distance of the log part of the house from the ground is an undeniable plus, since during the contact of wood and soil, the properties of the material are destroyed, which leads to the fragility of the residential building.
Advantages and disadvantages
And now a little about the merits of each material separately. The advantages of brick are as follows:
- Exceptional masonry strength. In a brick house you don’t have to worry about any mechanical influences. Natural phenomena, such as hurricanes, tornadoes and floods will not be able to render the condition of the building unusable. All you have to do is thoroughly dry the walls.
- A brick wall is a reliable basis for building massive upper floors.
Construction timber also has many advantages. Builders note the following advantages of this material:
- High quality thermal insulation.
- High speed of construction of a residential building thanks to overall dimensions structural elements.
- Air permeability of walls. There is no room for excess moisture in a wooden house.
- Aesthetics of the material. High-quality processing of timber (for example, laminated veneer lumber) makes the appearance of the house more beautiful and aesthetically pleasing.
By the way, laminated veneer lumber is considered one of the most expensive wood materials. High price is associated with complex technology for producing the material, although it is made from the most accessible species: spruce and pine. The most common timber is used for the construction of walls and individual structures.
Disadvantages of combined houses
The above-described advantages are quite obvious to the developer: the profitability of construction, the strength and durability of the building. But here, too, there are some drawbacks, which the future owner of a low-rise mansion should also become familiar with.
First of all, this is the incompatibility of materials. A tree is only “friends” with a tree.
Based on this, it is necessary to create favorable conditions For wooden floor by enclosing it with waterproofing barriers.
There is a risk of damage to logs from stones and from the effects of the harsh climate in winter time of the year. IN to a greater extent this may be noticeable on the ground floor. In any case, it is worth additionally insulating each of the floors. Additional costs will be required for concrete base(slab) for both the first and second floors. Note that other materials (blocks, bricks) do not require this: it is enough to use tape or a pile grillage.
Combined construction project
As already noted, the combined house has a very aesthetic appearance. This can be said to be a small two-story country house, and about a luxurious mansion with an attic. It is ideal for summer holiday out of town or permanent residence.
Having familiarized yourself with the project of a brick-and-timber house, we can conclude that such a structure has not only a delightful exterior, but also exceptional functionality.
The basement, or basement, floor of the house may have several utility rooms, which will later be used for various purposes.
This is the perfect place to set up a garage, storage room or workshop. Machine repairs, storage of all kinds of workpieces and working tools will take place here.
The total area of the basement can be used not only as a utility floor, but also used for other purposes, depending on the requests and imagination of the owners two-story house. For example, you can make a small corner for comfortable relaxation or a mini-room for sports. There can be a huge number of ideas.
For any housewife, having a spacious kitchen, dining room and living room is vital. It is also worth taking care of a separate laundry and dressing room.
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All this can be located on the ground floor of the building. If the first floor is designed for receiving guests and spending time together with the family, then the attic is a place to relax from everyday activities and, at the same time, to work.
On the second floor there is usually a study, several bathrooms with a Jacuzzi and, of course, a bedroom where you can completely relax and unwind from everyday activities.
Many families have children, and a spacious children's room should not be forgotten either. It is advisable to place it on the sunny side of the house.
Concluding the conversation about a house made of brick and timber, I would like to note once again that combining materials during construction is very popular and allows you to realize all your dreams regarding appearance And quality characteristics dwellings.
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After weighing all the pros and cons, and studying various projects, you can start building your own country cottage. We wish you success!