In a previous article, I described step-by-step instructions for assembling a frame house with my own hands. Now, we will consider the instructions on how to properly insulate it and isolate it from wind and moisture, so that during operation it remains a reliable protection against frost in the cold season for a long time, and also saves it from the languishing heat in summer.
What insulation to use for a frame house
I will not describe here which insulation is best for a frame house, this is a separate topic, and it is discussed in detail in another article.
But it is worth noting that about 80% of the total number of frame houses are insulated with mineral wool or heaters based on it. Given this, this step-by-step instruction will mainly be based on just such insulation.
- In addition to mineral wool, there are several more types of insulation that are more or less suitable for use as thermal insulation of frame houses, such as ecowool, expanded polystyrene, expanded clay and others. We will talk about the differences in the technology of their use at the end of the article.
- The insulation of a frame house with glass wool occurs in the same way as with mineral wool insulation, so we will not consider this type of insulation separately.
- Mineral wool, in comparison with other types of heaters, is the most versatile material. She insulates not only frame houses, but also any others. As a heater, it is used almost everywhere in the construction of private houses.
It is important to know that when working with mineral wool, especially indoors, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles and a respirator. Skin contact can result in severe itching, redness, and allergic reactions.
In principle, the insulation of all parts of a frame house is not much different from each other, but there are still some nuances, so it is necessary to consider each part separately.
Warming the floor of a frame house with your own hands
The floor insulation technology largely depends on the type of foundation, but since most frame houses are currently being built on a pile-screw foundation, we will build on this when insulating the floor.
- Insulation of the floor of a frame house, regardless of the type of insulation, begins with waterproofing. In addition to the waterproofing membrane, we still need to build a structure under the floor logs that will hold both the waterproofing material and the insulation itself, as shown in the diagram.
- If the house is located high relative to the ground, and you can crawl under it, then first a waterproofing membrane is stretched under the floor logs and fastened with a furniture stapler. The overlap of the waterproofing strips should be as tight as possible so that it does not see through from under the floor. Which side is inward, and which outward material is stuffed - ask the manufacturer.
- Also from below, a board breaks through on top of the waterproofing. The size of the board and the installation step does not really matter, but no more than 40-50 cm, if only this is enough so that the sheets or strips of mineral wool do not fall through. Sometimes the board is stuffed tightly, without gaps, this strengthens the floor structure. Here's what the end result should be:
- If it is impossible to crawl under the house, then a board is first stuffed under the logs, and then a waterproofing membrane is attached to the logs from the inside of the frame house, as shown in the photo.
- When the base for the insulation is ready, mineral wool is laid between the joists of the floor of the frame house. It is necessary to lay tightly, the presence of voids is not allowed. Mineral wool is cut with a sharp knife, you can use a construction knife, but always a little more than the required length, about 1 cm.
- For ease of installation, the distance between the lags is selected in advance, depending on the insulation, in our case, the width of the mineral wool slab is 60 cm. This means that the distance between the lags, ideally, should be 58-59cm.
- The thickness of the insulation layer depends entirely on the region where the frame house is being built, but on average it is 15 cm. It is also necessary to take into account the height of the log floor of the frame house. As a rule, the thickness of all layers of mineral wool does not exceed, and sometimes even slightly less than, the width of the board or beam from which they are made.
- An important point in laying mineral wool is that each layer must overlap the joints of the previous one, as shown in the photo. The overlap should be at least 15-20cm.
- On top of the mineral wool, inside the frame house on the logs, it is necessary to fix the vapor barrier membrane. It will protect the insulation from moisture from the inside, and also serve as additional wind protection. In order for it to be airtight, the joints must be glued with double-sided tape, for example.
- Plywood, OSB-board, or a board is sewn onto the vapor barrier membrane, which will be the basis for further finishing.
It is worth noting that mineral wool itself is not a wind protection, therefore, the waterproofing and vapor barrier membrane must be stretched so that there is an overlap on the walls, excluding moisture and wind from entering between the wall and the floor of the frame house.
Insulation of the walls of a frame house with mineral wool
In a frame house, as in any other, there are two types of walls - external, one side of which is located on the street, and internal, which are located completely inside the house. So, it is necessary to insulate both of them.
The walls of a frame house can be insulated both from the inside and outside, the materials used and their quantity do not change from this. We will consider the insulation from the inside, everything is done from the outside in exactly the same way, only in a slightly different sequence.
Insulation of the outer walls of the house
It should be noted right away that when sheathing a frame house from the outside and from the inside with your own hands, various materials are used, they may be different from those that I describe in this manual. The procedure may also differ, but in general, it turns out almost the same thing, as in the diagram. This is an approximate scheme, for example, instead of OSB-plates, on the one hand, you can pierce the crate with slats or a 25mm thick board. The board, as a rule, breaks through a certain distance - about 40 cm between the axes, but it is worth remembering that in this case, the rigidity of the walls will suffer a little.
The process of insulating walls with mineral wool with your own hands is almost identical to the thermal insulation of the floor, and is carried out as follows:
- Outside, the frame is sheathed with OSB-plates, with gaps between them specified by the manufacturer, as a rule, it is 2-3 mm. After installation, the gaps can be foamed. This is what it looks like from the inside of the house:
- Then, also from the outside, a waterproofing membrane is stretched, which will protect the mineral wool, the frame of the house, as well as OSB sheets from external moisture, on top of which external finishing work will be carried out, such as siding, for example. Some manufacturers make waterproofing materials with self-adhesive strips so that the joint is tighter. If there are no such stripes, it is advisable to glue the joints with double-sided tape.
- Inside the frame house, between the frame posts, which, if you did everything correctly, are located at a distance of 58-59 cm from each other, sheets of mineral wool are tightly inserted.
- It is better to use mineral wool with a density of at least 35-50kg/m3. A less dense insulation will settle or roll down, which will lead to the appearance of voids and cold bridges. As a rule, manufacturers write on the packaging what material can be used for.
- As well as with the floor, the layers of mineral wool must be laid so as to overlap the previous joint of the sheets, at least 15-20cm. The total thickness of the insulation depends on the climate zone, but the average value is also 15cm.
- After all the insulation has been laid in the walls, it is necessary to fill with mounting foam all the small voids formed at the junctions of boards and beams.
- A prerequisite for insulation with mineral wool is that from the inside of the house, over the insulation, it is necessary to stretch the vapor barrier membrane, which will protect the insulation from moisture coming from inside the house. On top of which, the same OSB sheets are most often stuffed as outside, but you can also use a board, slats and similar materials, depending on the further finishing. An important point in the installation of the vapor barrier membrane is that it is not overtightened at the inner corners, and the vapor barrier completely repeats the angle of the frame. Otherwise, in the future, it will be difficult to nail the sheathing at the corners.
It is worth noting that this whole procedure can be done the other way around, first pull the vapor barrier membrane from the inside, then the inner sheathing material, and the process of insulating the walls with mineral wool can be done from the outside.
Insulation of the internal walls of a frame house
Distinctive features of the insulation of the internal walls of a frame house are:
If it is not possible, or there are no strict requirements for soundproofing internal partitions, it will be enough to use the same insulation as for external walls. The thickness of the heat-insulating layer can be much less.
Do-it-yourself insulation of the ceiling of a frame house
Insulation of the ceiling of a frame house is practically no different from other types of houses with wooden floors, and is one of the most crucial moments in the thermal insulation of the whole house as a whole.
Now let's take a step-by-step look at how to properly insulate the ceiling of a frame house with mineral wool:
Since warm air tends to rise up, if the ceiling or roof is not properly insulated, the maximum amount of heat will leave the house.
Do-it-yourself insulation of the roof of a frame house
Very often, instead of the ceiling, and sometimes together with the ceiling, the roof of the frame house is also insulated with mineral wool. This is usually done in cases where the attic space is residential and heated.
The insulation technology practically does not differ from the thermal insulation of the ceiling, except that a waterproofing material must be stretched over the insulation to protect the insulation from an external aggressive environment.
This is how the heat-insulating layer of mineral wool on the roof of a frame house looks like in the diagram: 
Here are a few features that will help facilitate the process of warming with your own hands:
It is worth noting that it is possible to insulate the roof from the inside, if it is fully assembled. But this is much more inconvenient, because you will have to come up with some kind of temporary fasteners before pulling on the vapor barrier material so that the insulation does not fall out.
Features of using other types of heaters
All preparatory work on the thermal insulation of a frame house, regardless of the type of insulation, is no different. Differences, and even then insignificant, in the laying of the insulation itself, which will be discussed further.
Now let's look at the main differences between insulation with other materials, which can also be used as thermal insulation for frame houses.
Insulation with expanded polystyrene (styrofoam) and EPS
If you dig around on the Internet, you will find a lot of controversy about foam insulation not only for wooden houses, but also for others. Indeed, foam plastic for frame houses is not the best option, although it will be the warmest, with the same thickness of insulation, and why is a separate topic for conversation. 
The process of insulation with foam plastic and extruded polystyrene foam is practically no different, so they can be combined. Here are some features of expanded polystyrene and insulation based on it:
- Styrofoam does not always lie between the lags as tightly as mineral wool, so all cracks and voids must be removed using mounting foam or similar materials.
- Expanded polystyrene is a combustible material, this must be remembered and even potential sources of combustion should not come into contact with it.
- When using foam, you need to take care of improved ventilation, because this material practically does not allow air to pass through.
- Despite the fact that expanded polystyrene practically does not pass or absorb moisture, it cannot be left as the only waterproofing at home. Waterproofing and vapor barrier layers should still be present, because they protect not only the insulation, but also the tree itself, from which the frame of the house is assembled.
- Styrofoam is very fond of rodents who make their moves in it, so care must be taken that they do not get to it.
These are the basic rules and differences in the use of polystyrene foam boards and insulation based on them. Otherwise, everything is done in the same way as in the case of mineral wool insulation.
Features insulation of a frame house with ecowool
Ecowool is a relatively new material for insulating not only frame houses. It can be used as a heater in almost all areas of private construction, including frame construction. 
- Despite the fact that ecowool insulation can be done without special equipment, I would still not recommend doing this. Firstly, because with the help of special equipment, ecowool is applied more evenly and blows out all the voids. Secondly, manually prepared ecowool has less good characteristics, both in terms of shrinkage and thermal insulation.
- Ecowool absorbs moisture very well, therefore waterproofing and vapor barrier materials, as well as their installation, must be approached with special responsibility.
- It is necessary to apply ecowool with a margin, because it will shrink over time, up to 10-15%.
- When applying it, you must use personal protective equipment.
It should be noted that when insulating a frame house with ecowool, it is necessary to hire responsible and highly qualified specialists who will take into account all its features during installation.
Insulation of a frame house with expanded clay
This insulation technology is currently used extremely rarely, because now there is a huge selection of materials with much better characteristics, but still I will tell you a little about it. 
- Expanded clay in dry form, as a heater, can be used either for floor or ceiling insulation, it is also possible for them to insulate interfloor ceilings. Using it in the walls is problematic, and, in my opinion, not justified.
- Very often, expanded clay insulation is combined, for example, with sawdust, ash, etc.
- The difference between expanded clay insulation is that the floor and ceiling, from below under the logs, must be pierced either with a butt board or with some plywood materials.
- Expanded clay is better to use a fine fraction, thereby there will be fewer voids.
In addition to those described by me, there are many more materials and methods for insulating frame houses with your own hands. But they are all so similar that it makes little sense to describe each of them.
They are assembled in a fairly short time, using minimal labor resources. However, with all its advantages, it still has one small drawback. If you do not make high-quality insulation of walls and roofs, it will be possible to use it only in the summer, since it will not be suitable for year-round operation in our climate.
Insulation of a frame house - types of materials
The modern market offers a huge selection of building materials for the insulation of frame houses. Based on the foregoing, it is very important that the insulation retains its functionality for more than a dozen years, for this it is necessary to use only high-quality material.
Currently, thermal insulation materials are conventionally divided into two categories - organic and synthetic.
- The former include natural materials of natural origin (sawdust and shavings, compressed straw, etc.).
- The second category includes types of insulation obtained by a high-tech production method, using various chemical components and compositions for this, namely: mineral wool, foam plastic, basaltin, and others.
The excellent thermal insulation properties of synthetic materials make them the undisputed winners in this group. They boast features such as:
- good moisture resistance;
- low thermal conductivity and flammability level;
- no shrinkage and long service life;
- ease of use;
- safety for a person.
Home insulation is the most popular and well-established method. The material has an excellent sound absorption rate, retains heat well, and also has a high environmental friendliness class.
Wall insulation inside and out
There is no particular difference from where to start work on the insulation of a frame house, from the inside or outside. It's more convenient for someone here. For example, it is a little easier to install insulation from the street, but there is a risk that it may start to rain and then the work will have to be curtailed for a while.
Standard mineral wool insulation has a width of 600 mm. Therefore, when building a frame, this moment must be taken into account. In order for the material to fit snugly against the vertical posts, the ideal step size between them is 580-590 mm. Such a distance will not allow the insulation to slide down over time, as it will be tightly clamped.
According to the established norms, the thickness of insulation for a structure in the central region of Russia is 150 mm. Therefore, it would be advisable to use plates with a thickness of 100 and 50 mm.
Thus, instead of three plates, two will be enough in the design, thereby significantly reducing labor costs. Also material in 100 mm. less prone to deflection and therefore more securely attached to the structure. 
Fastening vapor barrier and OSB boards
- In order to prevent moisture from entering the insulation, it must be well protected from it. To do this, from the inside, the wooden walls of the frame must be covered with a vapor barrier film. Using a conventional stapler, roll out the roll in horizontal stripes and fasten it with an overlap along 5 cm. to vertical posts. Make sure that the film is firmly attached to the surface everywhere;
- Next, we need to close the vapor barrier film with OSB boards, which will be the base for interior decoration. Using ordinary wood screws and a screwdriver, we fasten the panels one by one, if necessary, cutting them with an electric jigsaw.
Insulation installation
Consider, as an example, the insulation of the frame with slabs based on mineral (stone) wool. The material is quite elastic, therefore, for its fixation, an additional method of fastening is not required, it is enough just to insert it between the uprights. The plates must be tightly held there due to the difference in size. 
Installation of insulation is carried out in two layers, using a checkerboard pattern. The second should overlap the butt joints of the first, exactly in the middle. This method avoids the appearance of so-called "cold bridges", which contribute to the appearance of condensate and dampness on the inner surface of the finish, as a result of which mold and fungus may appear.
After all the plates are installed, they will need to be protected from rain and strong winds. To do this, by analogy with the internal walls, the external ones are sheathed in the same way.
The material used is a hydro-windproof membrane, it will reliably protect the walls from drafts and raindrops getting inside. To securely connect the membrane, fix it to the posts with a counter-batten. 
Wall cladding outside
Depending on the material you choose for finishing, you need to properly prepare the base for it. For ordinary siding or a block house, moisture-resistant OSB boards are attached to the counter-crate, to which guide bars are nailed.
It is very popular among the population, which accurately imitates the structure of real wood.
Sectional diagram of insulation
If the walls will be sheathed with some other finishing material (facade tiles, artificial or natural stone, etc.), it is unnecessary to nail the guide bars to the OSB boards, the walls for finishing are left in this form.
Roof insulation
- Not many people know that roof insulation plays a very important role in creating a favorable microclimate in the house. High-quality insulation of this element reduces the heat loss of the house by 25-30 % Therefore, it is very important to approach this issue with all responsibility.
One of the most common ways to insulate a roof is to lay the insulation between, and in order for the insulation to last for a long time, the roofing pie must have a ventilation gap.
The essence of the process of a frame house with mineral wool is quite simple and is as follows:
- From the outside of the roof, a diffusion membrane is nailed to the upper base of the rafters, which is fixed with a counter-batten;
- Further from the inside in two layers (each 100 mm.), using the same checkerboard pattern, insulation boards are laid. Pay special attention to the places of gables and the ridge part of the roof;
- The insulation is necessarily closed with a vapor barrier film, which is fastened with horizontal stripes from the bottom up with an overlap 5 cm.;
- The final stage is the filing of the ceiling with a finishing finishing material (lining, plywood, block house, drywall, etc.)
Floor insulation
Another place where there is a leak 15-20%
so precious in our time of warmth. Of course, you can fork out and install a system in the house, especially since in our time there is plenty for this. 
However, why not try to warm it up first. After all, the floor is the place where a lot of interesting things happen.
You can’t even count how many kilometers your baby crawls along it, and then it will take its first steps in life on it. The time spent on yoga and reading interesting books, in addition to benefits, will also bring pleasure.
The sequence of floor insulation in a frame house:
- A layer of waterproofing film is rolled onto the subfloor. All joints are glued with reinforcing tape;
- Between the lag for the floor, a heater is laid (thickness not less than 200 mm.). To eliminate the formation of a gap, the width of the insulation must exceed the distance between the lags by 1-2 cm;
- Overlap insulation on top 5-10 cm. covered with a vapor barrier;
- Further, depending on the floor covering, the floor is covered with plywood sheets, or a finishing board is placed.
Conclusion
Today, there are many different modern materials that are suitable for insulating houses built using frame technology. However, numerous positive reviews from the owners show that there is no point in overpaying for expensive materials in this case. With the protection of the house from the cold, mineral wool, which is quite affordable, does an excellent job.
Therefore, we can safely conclude that mineral wool is a reliable, inexpensive and quite effective material for insulating a frame house. Due to its environmental friendliness and fire safety, insulation can be used both inside and outside the house, and nothing else is needed.
Frame house insulation- one of the most important stages of construction, since the insulation layer serves as the only barrier to the penetration of cold into the home, as well as an insulator from wind and moisture.
AND up to 80% all frame houses are insulated with mineral wool or materials based on it.
Mineral wool- This is a vapor-permeable insulation, which is the most popular material for thermal insulation. Minvata is distinguished by high sound insulation and environmental friendliness. Throughout the entire period of use, the mineral wool remains in its original form.
Advantages and disadvantages
Main advantages mineral wool:
- Low thermal conductivity. This coefficient depends on the density of the mineral wool and can range from 0.032 to 0.039 W / (m * K). And the harder the wool, the less thermal conductivity it will have.
- Durability. With proper installation, insulation can last up to 70 years.
- Ease of installation. The material is easy to cut with a knife and is convenient to process.
- Fire safety. Mineral wool does not burn, but only melts under the influence of high temperatures, while not releasing harmful substances into the atmosphere.
To disadvantages mineral wool insulation include:
- High cost.
- The need to protect the material from moisture using a vapor and waterproofing film.
- Installation of wool slabs must be carried out in a suit and a respirator to protect against harmful dust .
Types of mineral wool, their pros and cons
It happens 3 types:
- Glass wool (raw materials are glass melts).
- Stone (made from rocks).
- Slag (made from slag).
Previously described advantages and disadvantages mineral wool are inherent in all its varieties, the following shows the distinctive pros and cons of each type.
glass wool- This is a fibrous insulation, which is one of the types of mineral wool. The raw materials for its manufacture are glass melts and binders - resins.
Advantages of glass wool:
- Breathability.
- Frost resistance.
- Chemical resistance.
- Resistant to mold and fungal attack.
Cons of insulation:
- Short service life - up to 10 years.
- Shrinkage up to 80%.
Stone (basalt) wool is a vapor-permeable insulation, which is one of the best sound and heat insulating materials. It is made from rocks with the addition of carbamide resins and bentonite clay.
Advantages of stone wool:
- High density.
- Minimum shrinkage (about 5%).
- Resistant to decay, mold and mildew.
To disadvantages can be attributed to the high moisture absorption of stone wool.
Important: cotton wool is produced in slabs and rolls, it can have different density - from 30 to 100 kg / m³.
slag wool is made from blast-furnace slag, which is a waste of metallurgical industries.
Advantages of slag:
- flexibility and elasticity (can be used for warming rounded surfaces).
- Low cost.
Cons of insulation:
- When water gets on the cotton wool, an acid is released that destroys the metal.
- The material does not tolerate temperature extremes.
The table shows that stone wool has the very best technical indicators, plus everything has a minimum shrinkage. Slag wool is noticeably inferior to glass and stone wool in terms of thermal conductivity and has low sound insulation performance.
Frame house floor insulation technology
floor insulation technology based on the type of foundation of the house. Most frame structures are placed on a pile-screw foundation, but regardless of the type of foundation of the house, the first layer of floor insulation should be waterproofing.
If the house is located high from the ground and you can climb under it, then under the logs from below they are first attached with a stapler waterproofing film and then nail the bottom cladding boards.
They can be nailed close to each other or in increments up to 40 cm. They will keep the mineral wool slabs and the waterproofing film from falling down.
If you can’t crawl under the house, then boards are stuffed under the logs, and then a film is laid on top of the logs and boards from the inside. Mineral wool fits tightly between the lags on the film . Distance between lags should be 58-59 cm, since the standard width of wool slabs is 60 cm.
Average mineral wool layer thickness should be 15 cm, and the height of the lag is slightly less. Each new layer of wool must overlap the joints of the previous one and have an overlap of at least 20 cm.
Over mineral wool and lag attach a vapor barrier film, glue the joints with 2-sided tape. Sheets of plywood, OSB or boards are laid on the film, which will serve as the basis for finishing the floors.
Important: hydro and vapor barrier films are laid so that their edges go onto the walls. This will prevent moisture from getting between the wall and the floor of the frame house.
Scheme of wall insulation of a frame house with mineral wool
The walls in the frame house are insulated and outside and inside. The materials used for this are the same.
Insulation of external walls
wall insulation technology mineral wool outside includes several stages. First, the frame is sheathed on the outside with OSB boards with a distance between the boards of 2-3 mm. Then these slots are filled with mounting foam.
Outside, a waterproofing film is stretched over the plates to protect boards and a layer of mineral wool from precipitation, the joints of the films are double-sided tape.
From the inside, mineral wool slabs are inserted between the frame bars. The joint of the second layer of wool must overlap the joint of the first by 15-20 cm.
Advice: it is best to take wool slabs with a density of at least 35-50 kg / m³ to insulate the walls of a frame dwelling. Such a mineral wool will not sag and roll down.
After installing all insulation must be completed mounting foam all the cracks that appeared at the junctions of boards and beams.
Over a layer of mineral wool a vapor barrier film is stretched from the inside to protect the insulation from moisture coming from inside the room. Next, OSB sheets, plywood or boards are stuffed onto the film. Finally, the walls are finished.
Insulation of internal walls
Insulation of internal walls frame house is mainly carried out to provide sound insulation. To do this, you can use mineral wool, another type of insulation or special soundproof materials.
The technology of wall insulation inside is similar to the insulation of external walls, while hydro- and heat-insulating films may not apply.
Ceiling insulation with mineral wool
Ceiling insulation is one of the most important stages of home insulation technology. It is recommended to carry out it while the roof is not yet fully assembled, so that it does not interfere with the dense laying of mineral wool on top of the ceiling.
First, a vapor barrier film is attached to the ceiling beams from the inside. A board is nailed to it 2.5 cm thick, plywood sheet or OSB board. Further, wool slabs are attached from above according to the same rules as for wall and floor insulation.
Attention: mineral wool is placed completely along the entire ceiling, plus an overlap for the entire width of the walls.
If the attic is not used for living, then there is no need to lay membrane films. You can immediately sheathe it with plywood or board for ease of movement. In the case when it is not possible to insulate the ceiling from above, it is applied insulation from the inside. For this, mineral wool slabs are tied to the ceiling. Then a vapor barrier film and plywood sheets or boards are sewn.
Since warm air always rises, with illiterate insulation the ceiling from the room will leave a large amount of heat.
Insulation of the roof of a frame house
roof insulation technology similar to ceiling insulation with one exception. A waterproofing film must be laid on the insulation layer to protect the mineral wool from the external environment (rain, wind or snow).
After installation of the rafter system, a vapor barrier film is hemmed from below, on which hemming boards or plywood sheets are stuffed from the inside.
Then sheets of insulation are laid outside, covering them with a waterproofing film. On film stuffing the counter-lattice, then the crate under the roof and the roofing material itself.
Roof insulation it is more convenient to produce outside, so the cotton fibers will not fall on the face. If the roof is already assembled, then the insulation can be made from the inside. But this is less convenient, since it will be necessary to temporarily fix the mineral wool slabs before pulling the vapor barrier.
In conclusion, we can say that the insulation of a frame house with mineral wool will ensure minimal heat removal through the walls and cut costs for heating in winter. Mineral wool as a heater provides natural ventilation in the house and is an excellent sound insulator from noise from the street.
See the video for the insulation scheme of a frame house with mineral wool:
Master class on warming the external walls of a frame house using URSA TERRA, see no video:
The advantage of any frame house is its practicality and attractive external indicators for individual types of development. The only and most significant drawback of such a structure is low thermal insulation.
To eliminate this factor, the frame house is insulated with mineral wool according to a scheme that takes into account all the structural features of the building. Thanks to the right technology and strict adherence to the instructions, you can easily insulate a frame house with your own hands.
The choice of insulation: characteristics of mineral wool
Among the presented types of heat-insulating materials for the insulation of frame houses, mineral basalt wool, fiberglass or ecowool are most often used. Polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam and expanded clay are used much less often. Such a high popularity of basalt wool is due to a number of objective reasons, namely:
- environmental friendliness of the material;
- fire safety, withstands temperatures up to 1000 ° C;
- durability, the average service life is about 30 years;
- vapor permeability;
- low thermal conductivity;
- ease of installation.
Basalt mineral wool refers to synthetic heat-insulating materials. It has high elasticity and elasticity, does not burn, withstands heavy loads. Among the disadvantages of mineral wool can be identified:
- The presence of formaldehyde resins and small particles that are harmful to human health;
- Exposure to moisture.
To prevent the release of harmful substances into the air, the insulation is tightly covered from above with a special film, which at the same time serves to protect the mineral wool from moisture and various precipitations. When installing a heat insulator on the walls of a frame house, it is necessary to carefully perform not only steam, but also waterproofing.
This will protect the facades from the appearance of condensation inside the walls, dampness in the room, the development of fungi, temperature changes and other negative consequences that may occur when the insulation gets wet. It is worth noting that it is preferable to use basalt wool in slabs rather than rolls for insulating frame houses, since they are denser and when used, the wool does not shrink so much in the wall, forming cracks in the wall.
In addition, it is especially worth highlighting ecowool, which is a safer material than basalt wool, but at the same time, in terms of its thermal insulation and strength characteristics, it is absolutely not inferior to it. Ecowool is a good heat and sound insulator, which is designed for a long service life (about 50-70 years).
Insulation layouts
As a rule, when insulating frame houses, the main thermal insulation work is carried out with the following structural elements:
- floors on the first floor;
- attic floors;
- mansard roof;
- outer walls.
Thermal insulation of all these elements is carried out taking into account building schemes, based on the design of the building itself. The construction of such buildings can be carried out in two ways.
Frame-panel
The production of the presented frame houses is carried out in factories, and the entire assembly of the building itself is already carried out on site using the attached components. Thermal insulation in such production is already provided by the manufacturer, so the owner only needs to correctly install and mount the insulation in the walls of the structure, taking into account the requirements and instructions that are noted in the instructions.
Frame-frame
This method involves the construction of a house on an individual project. In finished form, only profiled timber is purchased, all other finishing elements are purchased separately. Therefore, during the construction of such a building, the insulation scheme and the installation of materials are carried out independently.
Video "Insulation of a frame house"
Video instruction on the implementation of thermal insulation work.
Insulation installation scheme
Installation of mineral wool is quite simple, however, this process requires certain training and qualifications. First of all, work begins with the lining of the internal walls with chipboard boards, which are joined on beams and strapping beams. After that, for their further finishing, eurolining or drywall is used, under which a vapor barrier film is laid. And only then the insulation is installed from above.
The heat insulator is laid in layers, the number of which is calculated based on the climatic conditions in the region. It is worth noting that the installation of new layers should be carried out in such a way that the seams of the previous layer overlap with the next. When insulating the walls of a frame house, mineral wool is laid in layers not from the inside or outside, but between the racks of the frame. This allows you to significantly reduce the thickness of the walls, increase the living area and build a building in a shorter time.
Double layer insulation
This method of insulation implies the obligatory presence of a ventilated layer, the thickness of which must be more than 4 cm. This allows for the circulation of cold air flows between the surface of the mineral wool and the wall. When performing two-layer external insulation on the facade of a frame house, it is necessary to adhere to the laying of layers in the following order:
- Stage of interior decoration.
- Implementation of vapor barrier.
- Thermal insulation with mineral wool in two layers.
- Installation of a windproof membrane.
- Installation of OSB-3 on the crate.
- Execution of exterior decoration of the facade.
The complexity of the work and the peculiarity of floor insulation in frame houses directly depends on the foundation of the building itself. For most of these houses, pile-screw types of foundation are used. Therefore, first of all, when insulating floors, it is necessary to use waterproofing.
Houses located on logs, under which you can climb, are insulated with a waterproofing film from below. For its installation, you can use a conventional stapler. From above, the film is covered with sheathing boards, which are nailed both closely and at a distance of up to 40 cm from each other.
If the distance from the ground is small, then rows of boards are stuffed under the logs, on top of which a film is laid from the inside. Mineral wool is tightly laid between the lags on a waterproofing film.
The step between the lags should be approximately 58-59 cm, since the standard dimensions of wool slabs are 60 cm wide.
The mineral wool is laid in several layers, its thickness is approximately 15 cm. On top of the mineral wool and the log, a vapor barrier film is attached to double-sided tape. Plywood, OSB or boards are laid on top of the film, so that they tightly rest against the walls with their edges. Thanks to this, moisture and dust will not enter the house.
Scheme of wall insulation of a frame house
Insulation of the walls of a frame house can be carried out both outside and inside the house. The materials used for this purpose are the same, the difference lies only in the technology of thermal insulation.
Thermal insulation of external walls
External wall insulation consists of several stages. First of all, the frame is lined with OSB boards from the outside, maintaining a distance of 3-4 mm between them. After that, foam is used to fill the gaps. To provide protection to mineral wool allows a waterproofing film, which is stretched over its entire surface. Double-sided tape is used to seal the seams.
The final element in the decoration of the walls is siding. For its installation, a frame is created from the bars, to which the finishing material is attached. On the other hand, insulation plates are installed between the frame. It is noteworthy that the density of such plates should be about 35-50 kg / m³. It is securely fixed and does not sag or roll over time.
Having completed the laying of the heat insulator, it is necessary to eliminate all the gaps formed, using mounting foam for this. Also, from the inside, it is necessary to stretch a vapor barrier film that will protect the mineral wool from moisture and fumes. After that, the film is upholstered with OSB sheets, plywood and boards.
Wall insulation inside the house
The internal walls of frame houses are insulated for the purpose of soundproofing. In addition to mineral wool, other types of insulation and soundproofing materials can be used for this. Unlike external insulation, it is not advisable to use waterproofing films; you can do without them.
Thermal insulation of the ceiling of frame houses
One of the key aspects of the thermal insulation of a dwelling is the insulation of ceilings. As a rule, this stage is carried out while the roof is not yet assembled, since nothing should interfere with laying mineral wool on top of the ceiling.
The vapor barrier film is fastened to the ceiling beams. Then a board, plywood or OSB plate, the thickness of which is 2.5 cm, is nailed onto the film. Insulation is fastened to the plywood, according to the same principle as when insulating other structures. Mineral wool must be laid across the entire width of the ceiling, taking into account the overlap of the width of the walls.
If the attic is not used for living, it is not necessary to lay the membrane film. For sheathing, you can use plywood or a regular board. If it is not possible to insulate the ceiling from above, then internal insulation should be performed by tying insulation plates to the ceiling. After that, the ceiling is covered with a vapor barrier film and plywood sheets.
Given that warm air masses rise up, if the house is not properly insulated, it will lose a huge amount of heat.
Roof insulation
The thermal insulation of the roof of a frame house is carried out by analogy with the thermal insulation of the ceiling, however, it has some differences. A waterproofing film is attached to the upper surface of the mineral wool to protect the insulation from external factors (wind precipitation).
The hemming of the vapor barrier film is carried out from the underside of the truss system, it is lined with hemming boards or plywood sheets. After that, sheets of insulation are laid on the outside, so that they are covered with a waterproofing film, upholstered with a counter crate. At the end, the crate for the roof is performed and the roofing material is laid.
It is best to insulate the roof from the outside, since pieces of cotton wool will not fall down, falling into the eyes and lungs.
If the roof is already in the assembled state, then it is possible to insulate the roof from the inside. But such work is more labor-intensive, since it becomes necessary to strengthen the mineral wool slabs before stretching the vapor barrier film.
Video "Thermal insulation of the house on a frame basis"
Informative video on how to insulate a private house with your own hands.