What to say? The topic is not simple. And writing an introduction to it is also not easy. The turmoil of the 90s, you can’t call it otherwise. In terms of human and financial losses, comparable to a real civil war. Ten years of confusion, searching, loss, ups and downs...
The time when they "killed the arrow" and "chopped cabbage." The time when the fate of two wagons of frozen fish in the port of Vladika (Vladivostok) was usually decided through a game of thimbles. The time when Americans paid out of pocket to non-departmental security services - if only local fools and roads did not get to the still frightening "nuclear button". The time when the Marlborough bloc and the Levi's party paid with what they managed to steal from the nearest garrison. Time of financial adventures, deceit, set-ups, showdowns. The time of the strongest demographic decline, the stratification of society and the death of all the good that was created during the Soviet era. A time that you really do not want, but you need to remember in order to avoid its repetition.
homeless children
Along with the Chechen war, skinheads and criminal showdowns, homeless children were the main topic of television. In the 90s and early 2000s (until 2003) they constantly hung around in Moscow and other large cities, at railway stations and large streets. A mandatory attribute is Moment glue, which they sniffed. They reminded of gypsies - they begged in a crowd, if they didn’t throw little things at them, they could rudely swear, having previously run off to a safe distance. Age is usually between 7 and 14 years old. They lived in basements, heating mains and abandoned houses. It is also worth adding that not only homeless youngsters led a life similar to this way of life. In any city "in the area" at that time it was considered pontoon to drink, sniff glue and smoke from the age of ten.
Bratva
Bandits and mowing under bandits. It was fashionable. The first ones are rarely seen openly - they are in cars, in bars, in clubs, on hazs. The second ones were everywhere - ordinary, young, street guys from any walk of life, who bought or got hold of a short black leather jacket, often pretty worn and filthy, engaged in gop-stop, divorce for money and extortion, sometimes geared from real ones. A special case is bandit students who rob their more sane, but less organized and more cowardly neighbors in the hostel.
Blatnyak
"The musician plays a hit,
I remember the bunks, the camp,
The musician plays a hit
And my soul hurts"
Lyapis Trubetskoy, Metelitsa, 1996-1998
Monument to Mikhail Krug in Tver Blatnyak, aka chanson, is the brainchild of gangster anticulture. The time of the incredible popularity of Misha Krug and other performers of prison songs. Street and restaurant musicians quickly learn the “murka”, because the one who pays orders the music, and the “grandmothers” then were the lads. A little later, having nothing to do with bandits, however, the former Soviet composer-songwriter Mikhail Tanich, who spent 8 years in the zone for anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda, gathers ordinary musicians who somehow perform music and makes the Lesopoval group out of them, playing on thin strings. souls of rich Pinocchio. Since millions and millions went through prison in the nineties, it made economic sense.
Homeless people
This period of history gives birth to homeless people who were completely absent before him in the scoop. Homeless people - yesterday's neighbors, acquaintances and classmates, go from house to house and beg, sleep in the hallways, drink and go to the toilet for themselves there. The bum was something so wild for the homo-soviet that even the then bastard Yura Khoy wrote a song about it:
“I will raise the bull, I will tighten the bitter smoke,
I'll open the hatch, I'll climb home.
Don't feel sorry for me, I'm doing great.
Only to eat hunting sometimes "
Gaza Strip, Homeless, 1992
Video salons
In fact, the phenomenon arose and became a cult in the eighties, otherwise where would we have seen Tom and Jerry, Bruce Lee, the first Terminator, Freddy Krueger and other living dead. And also erotica.
In the early nineties, video salons reached a quantitative peak, but quickly began to fade away - the new Russians got their own video recorders, and everyone else was not up to it.
For today's youth, it should be noted that most video parlors were notable for their basement-ancillary location (turning into real ovens in the summertime), video quality that causes chronic eye damage, and translations unsurpassed to this day in their artistry and correspondence to the original text (for example, the two main translational curses - "big white piece of shit" and "pots" replaced almost all rude foreign expressions). As a result, in the minds of visitors, a number of films and characters were specifically mixed up and interbred. Almost all films like "thriller about space" were called Star Wars.
hazing
“Both day and night we rivet holes
Holes, wells and hungry mouths
From the armies we are left with commanders,
As well as admirals from the fleets "
Black Obelisk, "Who are we now?", 1994
The then Soviet army was simply spit on and left to rot. Most of it turned into the Russian army and continued to decay furiously, which naturally, in addition to the loss of combat capability, led to such an interesting phenomenon as "Hazing".
Killer
Killer (from the English "killer" - killer) - the name of the killers for money that appeared in the 90s. With the advent of “wild” capitalism in our country, such wild ways of settling conflicts as contract killings appeared. Anyone with whom it was impossible to agree could simply be ordered. Anyone could be ordered - a journalist, a deputy, a thief in law, even the sky, even Allah. Fortunately, there were plenty of killers. It got to the point that they placed ads in newspapers like "I'm looking for a job with risk" without a fawn.
Martial arts clubs
Since the people experienced a fair amount of pressure from the marginal packs of gopota, and the gopota itself really needed more powerful ways to take other people's property, enterprising comrades began to produce in frenzied quantities places for character development - Martial Arts Clubs. First of all, it was, of course, karate, it is not clear why it was driven underground back in the 80s.
But at the same time, such newfangled trends as kung fu, Thai boxing, taekwondo and other kickboxing began to timidly raise their heads. People happily hawal, because it looked solid, but it sounded impressive. It was hard to find a basement that wasn't occupied by some "teacher", "sensei" who had read a couple of self-published toilet-quality books and watched a dozen cassettes of Chuck Norris and Bruce Lee, and now was chasing joyful hamsters to a sweat.
In fairness, it should be noted that there were also real gurus and sensei who really plowed for a certain number of years under the supervision of the corresponding overseas masters. Those who began to use their heads in time (not only for breaking objects), later became something of themselves both in terms of folding other people's jaws and in terms of obtaining monetary and material profit ... Most of the hamsters did not receive anything, and some individuals even left along the "slippery path" and got acquainted with the work of Misha Krug in the primary sources. But that's a completely different story.
lump
Derived from "thrift store" in the eighties.
The popular abbreviation for "commercial store" at the very beginning of the nineties, it was indicated on the sign in large letters. These were rare and very outlandish for those times small shops where people went like to the Hermitage, to look at things and products from another world.
The atmosphere there was unusual after the Soviet empty shops with rude saleswomen. Working in a commercial store was considered prestigious. Then, with the disappearance and re-profiling of Soviet stores and the general increase in the number of outlets, such a “name” began to be abandoned, what else could a store be, except for a commercial one. The outlets have their own names. Closer to the mid-nineties, a separate type spun off - "night lamps" or night shops, "24 hour" shops.
And finally, the stalls, to which such a name passed by kinship with commercial stores. They originated in the early nineties, in the form of cheap layouts and tents selling vodka, cigarettes, condoms, chewing gum, Mars, Snickers and imported cocoa kaka.
New Arbat. At the end of the 20th century, the capital and its center were engulfed in monstrous deprivation by many thousands of chaotic and illegal retail outlets. Photo: Valery Khristoforov/TASS
Then the lumps became stationary. At first they had an abundance of glass, then they began to look more and more like armored pillboxes with loopholes. It’s just that glass was often beaten in them, set on fire and even shot. However, this type of entertainment is still alive.
Foreign consumer goods were sold in lumps, ranging from chewing gum to expensive water and cigarettes. In a lump, you could buy playing porn cards, which shkolota abused for the sake of fap. Lumps abounded with everything that the advertisement spoke about. Snickers, mars, bounty, huyaunty - all this was in abundance. And what is important, the goods did not have any excise stamps and stickers on compliance with Rosstandart; the now obligatory presence of inscriptions in Russian was also only an option.
Cops
For broad layers, the policeman a la Uncle Styopa, in the nineties, becomes a cop, contacting which an ordinary citizen is dangerous for life, health and money in his pocket. As people who knew the system firsthand said: “The bandits will simply rob and beat, and the cops will also put them in jail.”
Drug addicts
Drug addicts, drug addicts and alcoholics were in the late 80s in the scoop. That's when it became a meme. But the peak of drug addiction came in the 90s, when the fight was actually put on the bolt and when junkies of all ages appeared - from youngsters to men. During the period of a particular rise in heroin addiction in the mid-90s, an overdose corpse was taken away from the dorms of our alma maters every week.
It is now heroin - a marginal (and noticeably more expensive) drug, but then, in the early to mid-decade, golden youth, bohemians, students “dabbled” with heroism ...
In the meantime, drugs have reached even the most distant corner of the country. How many of them were species, varieties, names. How was it to figure out and start taking, where to inject and what to smoke? TV came to the rescue. with his propaganda. Yes Yes. In the late 80s and early 90s TV promoted everything. Morning broadcasts on the Central Television were with Agatha Christie's fashionable song about drugs "Come on in the evening ... Let's smoke ta-ta-ta."
Series appeared, supposedly telling about the problems of youth, but in fact explaining what is where and why. The broadcast of “Up to 16 and older” and a similar program for teenagers especially stuck in my memory, where they showed: they say this is a button accordion and a spoon over the fire, prick it here, but this is very bad, this fu, guys never do that. And this is weed, they smoke it like this, but this is ay-yai-yai, scoundrel drug addicts, fu on them. A drug dealer usually looks like this - but you never approach him. Needless to say, after these programs, the flywheel of drug trafficking and drug addiction began to spin so much that they could slow it down, at best, by the middle of the 2000s.
It seemed to me, then a kid, that all around ninth-graders and older were injecting themselves. Moreover, society practically did not condemn it. Propaganda has made this problem a harmless feature, a national feature. Yes, they say, we are like that, we love to drink, break, steal. All the 90s told us that we are losers, this is our best feature and because of this we are unique.
The invisible hand of the market
Finally, the long-awaited market appeared in Russia. However, it was introduced through one place, which led to disastrous consequences:
The disappearance of entire sectors of the economy.
Presumably, only in the RSFSR, not counting the rest of the republic, lost 50% of GDP in two years. By comparison, the Great Depression cost the US 27% of GDP in three years. The decline in real incomes of the population and high unemployment in the appendage, oddly enough. The exact figures (taking into account the share of the black market and postscripts before and after the collapse) have been ground to dust by time, no one has scientifically done this.
Fierce, rabid unemployment.
In fact, there are much more unemployed than nominal ones: enterprises are idle and many work part-time in a part-time week, paid part-time.
The original "know-how" is the issuance of wages at enterprises with the goods produced.
For example, furniture, canned food, linen, and anything! But in fact, at commercial prices, they sold the goods to their own employees under the pretext of "no money." Here is the deliverer with bringing the situation to the point of absurdity. An even more kosher scheme worked like this: the plant bought refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, TV sets and sold them with VAT to its employees for a conditional salary. And the profit received from the sale of the plant's products not only remained entirely in the pockets of the director, but also increased! That's it!
“- What is Russian business? - Steal a box of vodka, sell vodka, drink money.
Non-traditional methods of treatment: Chumak and Kashpirovsky
Healers bloomed in double color, taking the last from the disabled, lovers of horoscopes and astrologers, UFOs, snow and universe people and other science fiction. Also at this time, all sorts of pseudo-scientists were chopping "cabbage".
They say that once, when Kashpirovsky had just gained popularity, he was invited to give a “closed lecture” for MGIMO employees. There were no healings. Kashpirovsky simply spoke about his method and somehow casually mentioned that he was also treating obesity. Hearing this, the embassy wives and ladies from the teaching staff trickled offstage after the lecture. Kashpirovsky carefully looked at the suffering women crowding around him and said: "I give the installation - you need to eat less."
I must say that Chumak was also a very influential person, since his program was part of the 120 Minutes (originally - 90 Minutes) program on Soviet television, which was shown at 7 in the morning. Thanks to this fact, the human brain was actively exposed to the daily phimous precipitation of the television miracle worker right from the morning.
Alan Chumak Sessions 1990 With the help of the TV, he not only treated diseases, but also “charged” water and creams: millions of “hamsters” placed glasses of water near the screens. It was also possible to charge water by radio. It’s a pity there were no cell phones in the country then, since Chumak also knew how to charge batteries.
Also, Chumak sold his pictures and posters, which had to be applied to sore spots for healing. Naturally, the more photos were attached, the more healing the effect was. Healthy lifestyle publications sold "charged" portraits to increase circulation sales.
New Russians
In contrast to the socialist approximately equal distribution of income, B part of the population began to receive much (several million times) more income than the rest of the majority. The reasons for this in the so-called "period of initial accumulation of capital" were quite artificial, often not quite decent and clearly illegal.
In fact, out of nothing in 10 years (1986-1996), an elite class was created. This process went especially briskly with the privatization of state property after the Yeltsin coup of 1993, when the former bandits, swindlers and their proteges sawed up the property of the people for those pennies that had been stolen from them a little earlier.
Nikita Mikhalkov, frame from the film "Zhmurki" As a result, by 1996, 10% of the population had legal (or semi-legal) ownership of 90% of the national income, another 10-15% later formed their service personnel, who were able to live comfortably with an income of $ 500 per family member (corrupt media, managers middle-level managers, merchants, corrupt officials, etc.), and the remaining 75% were doomed to live on the minimum wage in the state of semi-slaves and in conditions of total corruption with little chance of a serious rise. Given the complete collapse of the economy, there was no hope for an improvement in the situation.
thugs
"Fast gait and crazy look" - this is about them. A common feature of real scumbags is a look full of evil joyful energy in a good mood.
frame from the film "Zhmurki" At times when everything becomes possible, they quickly multiply and stray into flocks, and in a flock the scumbag qualities of character develop faster and manifest themselves more strongly. Before that, they probably somehow control themselves, find a peaceful use of their forces or sit in prisons. If they are engaged in banditry, then even immediately having received money from a person, they will still beat them, without receiving anything at all - they will cripple or kill. Looking for any opportunity to disinterestedly deal with someone. The most desirable result of the disassembly is to attack one with the forces of two or three or more people, shouting "... bring him down !!!" and then the highest refinement for any racially correct scumbag - to jump on the head of a recumbent (composter), trying to deliver a strong blow with his heel so that the skull cracks.
A scumbag's weapon - like a kitty's new phone, will often be in sight and must be used. Bandit thugs with weapons - it's always a lot of corpses. As a rule, a scumbag does not have his own girlfriend, or there are one or two common girls in the company, frostbitten or weak-minded, narrow-minded girls who are not used to refusing anyone and who believe that these particular boys have real power.
Prostitutes
“See, guys, this is not a joke.
Remember, guys, Olya is a prostitute.
The girl is rich and lives well.
Who will find the guys in control of her"
Group "Announcement", "Olya and Speed"
Mass and often very young, girls (and sometimes boys) twelve years old, sometimes even less. That's when there was a holiday on the street of perverts! Half or more of the schoolgirls, after a series of publications in the press about currency confusion and a chain reaction of conversations on this topic in the second half of the 80s and early 90s, began to consider the work of a prostitute the best female career, full of romance and great prospects, which, by the way, the films “Intergirl” contributed a lot (even though the film ends tragically for the main character, precisely because of her prostitution) and especially “Pretty Woman” (in general, in this regard, the most harmful film: millions of girls around the world, having watched it this is a movie, they decided to become prostitutes).
Prostitutes then were naive and fearless. They went with whom and wherever they got. Often ran into scumbags. As a rule, the life of a street prostitute is short-lived, much like the life of a drug addict, and ends terribly: death at the hands of bandits, practicing homicidal maniacs or scumbags, sometimes under the wheels of cars, death from diseases, overdoses.
Advertising
Advertising on TV was clearly divided in terms of picture quality and plots into imported and domestic. Import advertising was bright and imaginative. She was then watched as short films, without bothering about what they advertise. The advertising of cigarettes stood out in particular: Marlboro, Lucky Strike. Patriotic was noticeably inferior in improvisation. Some MMM videos are worth something: "I'm not a freeloader, I'm a partner." Or stupid advertising of some pyramids with a 900% yield, "something there ... investments", funds - actively collecting vouchers.
Meme of the early 90s - Lenya Golubkov For the most part, just mumbling against the background of a static picture. The target audience was actively brainwashed (well, or what replaced it): that golden time has come when you can not work - just take your money at interest. Moreover, in advertising, no one was outraged with the plot, picture, sound. The average video of those times: on the screen are pouring coins, falling banknotes, giant blinking inscriptions in "%" and an address with a phone number of another pyramid. For the deaf, apparently, the address was also read out by the voice of the Soviet radio announcer. And that's it! Advertising worked and how. They stood in line to hand over their banknotes. The very first videos that massively went into the box were mars-snickers-bounty.
Still thin Semchev (the fat man who later advertised beer) appeared on the screen in an advertisement for Twix. Alcohol advertisement: Rasputin winks, "I'm a white eagle", bottle of Absolut with glitches. Powder rainbow with joyful shkolota: Invite, Yuppy, Zuko. Coca Cola vs Pepsi. Advertising Bank Imperial "Before the first star ...". Advertisement for Dendy: "Dandy, Dendy, we all love Dendy, everyone plays Dendy." From the advertisement it was impossible to understand what kind of dandy it is, and what does the cartoon elephant have to do with it and why they love it, but gradually everyone got used to the fact that there was no need to look for meaning here, and then they decided that it was better not to look for meaning at all.
In the 90s, an advertisement for chewing gum that has not been killed so far appeared. By the way, the first one, Stimorol, was very evocative of girl cops. And then no one remembered caries! Just sexy girls on the beach or girls in police uniforms. Come on - remember)
Or here is the plot of one of the commercials of the TV-Park magazine: “Let's put an ordinary newspaper in sulfuric acid, and the TV-Park magazine in distilled water. You see, nothing happened to the TV-Park magazine! Remember?
sects
Dull wandering down the street and handing out all their printed matter.
The attack begins with a question like: “Do you know what awaits us?” or “Do you believe in God?” During the conversation, they talk about the fact that after the global cataclysm, when a little more than all of humanity will be cut out, those who are in the subject will receive another globe. Until this moment, citizens who have agreed to join must also walk the streets of the city and spam passers-by.
The organization is a typical financial pyramid, where profits are received by the top, and dividends to participants are paid with spiritual food. Since the trend is divided into many leaks, an interesting way of "trolling" is to retell the dogmas of one trend to representatives of another.
Financial pyramids
After privatization, all sorts of financial pyramids sprang up like mushrooms after the rain, offering the former scoops to make quick money. The end was naturally predictable, but not for the millions of suckers who gave their hard-earned scammers.
Chernukha
Chernukha-style, which originated at the very end of the eighties and reached its peak by the mid-nineties. It continues to exist even now.
Like porn, black has gained popularity due to the principle “because now it is possible, but it was impossible before”. A distinctive feature of chernukha: the obligatory presence of blood, perversions, violence, murders, devilry, aliens, anti-scientific dogma, prostitutes, drug addicts and convicts.
The dashing 90s must be remembered. This is a harsh story of Russia plunged into chaos - unable to rebuild and adapt in a timely manner. The country survived as best it could. Some destroyed, others tried to live ...
So why are they still called dashing, these 90s that have become a legend? The question is certainly interesting. And philosophical at the same time. Everyone, from the generation of that time, has his own answer, his own vision of what he experienced.
It is impossible to speak unambiguously about the 90s, just as the word “dashing”, its derivatives and synonyms, is ambiguous. If brave, daring, resolute - good. If heavy, bearing troubles - it's bad. One can attach “good” adjectives from the listed list to some events of the 90s, “evil” to others. Some accomplished facts are remembered with a smile, others, as in a nightmare.
It turns out that if we talk about the 90s, then the word "dashing" should be perceived as "different" - both good and bad. But who has more, it is strictly individual.
The most unpleasant, to put it mildly, was the appearance in the lexicon of the phrases hot spots, hostilities, forced migrants. The hard times were marked by military conflicts in Chechnya, Dagestan, and Abkhazia. But what is there to speak for the regions, if tanks appeared on the streets of Moscow at the beginning of the decade, and shooting was heard. People died. It was an incomparable general grief, and the most real dashing.
Such a background pushed into the background the criminal showdowns of the inflated and fierce brothers, who zealously divided the spheres of influence. At the same time, the word oligarch came into use and took the dominant place. It was they who bought up bankrupt enterprises for a penny, becoming overnight millionaires. That was their time when the weakened state power was rushing about in search of a way out of the economic crisis. And the political elite of the former Soviet republics shared the wealth acquired by the overwork of the Soviet period.
What was an ordinary person to do? Survive! It means going to work for an idea, in the hope that someday the salary will still be paid (and it was also a great happiness to have a job). Run around the shops and stand in line. Come up with recipes for cutlets without meat, pies and pancakes on the water. Cook broths on Gallina Blanca cubes, popular at that time, cook soy goulash. Love, manage to celebrate weddings, give birth, raise children. In a word, to live and try to find joy in a series of rapidly running events. Which is exactly what they did.
If we talk about the children of that time, then for the most part, they took everything for granted. Born in the late 80s or early 90s, they did not know that it was possible to live differently. Moreover, adults tried their best to provide them with a happy childhood. We are not talking about extremes. Exceptions, in the form of homeless children, for example, or extreme poverty, have been at all times.
The country was changing, and decisively and irrevocably. And it is impossible not to pay tribute to the 90s for the restoration of Orthodox shrines trampled on by communist thinking. What was the cost of recreating the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow. For the return of Solzhenitsyn from exile and acquaintance with his work, previously banned. For the return of that Russia that was lost with the beginning of socialist construction - this is if we combine all such phenomena.
Much in that troubled time lost the seal of secrecy and appeared before the people. True, it was necessary to separate the wheat from the chaff - there was so much new information that it was sometimes difficult to figure out where the truth was, where the lie was.
In the 90s, the window to Europe was reopened, and, indeed, to other parts of the world. The generation that grew up on communist ideals got acquainted with a different life. By the way, not always in absentia. There was an opportunity to go abroad. True, not everyone could afford it. The majority drew conclusions from the TV screens that not everything in decaying capitalism was bad, there was much to learn. They studied whenever possible, accepted for themselves what did not disgust the Soviet nature. But foreign innovations were enjoyed with pleasure. This applies to clothing, technology, and entertainment.
Brings good memories and
In the media, the nineties are quite often referred to as the "dashing 90s." It was then that the level of prosperity of citizens changed dramatically and the social status of the population of Russia changed significantly.
Wealthy gentlemen appeared with money and expensive cars, and with them the bandits with their famous showdowns. More "illegal" times in Russia have not existed since the time of Stepan Razin. Frequent delays in wages, empty store shelves and, at times, even hunger. Spontaneous markets and racketeers appeared, collecting bribes only "for the fact that you dare to breathe" - and that just did not occur in those "dashing nineties"!
At that time, the majority of Russians were indifferent to the political situation in the country, and the majority learned about the collapse of the Union not from TV screens and print publications, but from the lips of relatives and work colleagues. It is impossible to admit that the Russians were little interested in their own state, it’s just that the people got used to life in a country where it was almost always consistently good and measuredly adequate.
With a skyrocketing unemployment rate and permanent wage arrears at most enterprises, citizens began to show great interest in political life, delved into legal aspects and legislative subtleties in order to minimize encounters with employers who fraudulently do not pay wages at all. Along with the increase in the number of unemployed and the constant delays or non-payment of wages, the shelves of stores were almost completely empty: the whole country turned into one continuous line.
There was no sugar, and a trip to the store in the afternoon often ended in the impossibility of buying even bread!
But in the mid-1990s, the position began to change dramatically, and the life of the majority was "in full swing": many new jobs were organized, the money earned was finally paid - although sometimes with products or products of their own enterprise. Undoubtedly, the dawn broke. The formation of a new social stratum began, the members of which were called "brothers".
"Brotherhood" without any problems "roofed" all start-up businessmen throughout the vast country and famously forced them to pay tribute for the opportunity to do business. Newly appeared entrepreneurs paid something like income tax. Incredibly popular were "nines", especially cherry-colored, and the Mercedes 600 series.
It was the time of crimson jackets (an attribute of success and belonging to a caste), "fingering", massive gold chains around the neck - which often turned out to be just gilded and insanely expensive cell phones (due to the beginning of the formation of mobile communications).
The older generation remembers that in the 80s there was almost no advertising on the blue screens, as such. The exceptions were the novelties of inventions of the Soviet Union, the topical TV show "Wick" and everyone's favorite and popular TV magazine "Yeralash". The 90s brought an abundance of advertising to the Russian viewer: from Chupa-Chups caramels and Love Is gum, to the Coca-Cola drink, which was gaining immense popularity, and even ordinary dryers.
And what changes have affected the world of cinema? Undoubtedly, housewives were very fond of one of the first series - "Santa Barbara", which was broadcast in the nineties on many television channels. It turned out that sex exists, and a clear confirmation of this is "Little Vera" - with hitherto unknown erotic scenes. The younger generation just fell in love with "Helen and the guys" and the TV series "Friends".
Children began to dream of being no longer astronauts, as before, but cool "Rambaud" and "Walkers" ... A huge amount of everything new and previously unknown was brought by the cinema of the nineties to the domestic audience.
The dashing nineties did not bypass the musical beau monde. "Brothers" happily listened to chanson and Bulanova, the "Combination" group and Alena Apina were popular. Like mushrooms after rain, numerous musical groups grew and were created: "Tender May", "Na-Na" and others. Stadiums of fans and multimillion-dollar platforms of spectators who adored their idols and carried huge amounts of money to the organizers of the concerts famously gathered.
Most of the producers made their first millions in the dashing nineties - at the dawn of show business. All the stars that have appeared can no longer be remembered, but many newcomers opened the way to the world of the music business precisely in the 90s.
Together with television advertising of products, in the 90s, compatriots had the opportunity to purchase curiosities in the form of BM-12 video recorders and all kinds of game consoles such as Dandy and other entertaining electronic novelties. And what do you remember the dashing nineties?
Published on your favorite site. Today we will talk about the crime of the 90s. For some, the nineties never ended - these people still listen to gentle May and walk around with purses. For some, the nineties did not end for the reason that they could not get out of prison in any way, for the pranks of that decade. Here are more details about these characters:
In the late 80s, cooperators began to earn. Speculation became legal and the first more or less big money brought more or less big problems to their owners. There was already enough crime from the USSR, but here everyone wanted money quickly - and so as not to barry, but simply to take. The racket has arrived. From the Italian "ricatto" - blackmail.
(The first racketeers were in the USSR in 1979. Then underground merchants gathered in Kislovodsk - shop workers and thieves in law, and decided. For protection from the claims of criminals, the shop worker gives a tithe. 10% of income).
The boys went to rocking chairs and karate. Then they went to the video salon - the pernicious influence of the West, through the most understandable of the arts - cinema, settled in the heads of the people.
Strong boys, in sportswear and leather jackets, began to protect hucksters and commerce. And the cops did not expect this. And there were no articles in the Criminal Code, and there was no riot police yet. And now there is no witness protection program. Here the brothers frolic. Legends.
1. Sergei Ivanovich Timofeev and Sasha Makedonsky. King of Mayhem, Sylvester. Orekhovo-Borisovsky district of Moscow. 1988, athletes, 18-25 years old, clearly understood that it’s reluctant to work. A bodybuilder by hobby, and a tractor driver by profession, Sergei Ivanovich Timofeev, nicknamed "Sylvester", (like Stallone), and gathered the basis of the future gang. We started with robberies of truckers - they took away trucks and sold the car and cargo. They lived on these percentages. Further more. Car thieves, thimblers, markets. They recaptured the business from the Chechens, who then were only gaining strength, and the Slavs objected timidly.
Sergei Ivanovich Timofeev - Sylvester.
And by 1991, the Orekhovskys had grown into a banking business - 30 banks were controlled by Sylvester. Precious metals, real estate, auto trading - the gang legalizes itself. The oil business did not work out - the Abramovichs and other top officials of the country had long dealt with the government of the country, against which the gang turned pale.
The duty killer of the Orekhovskys was Alexander Solonik, or, nicknamed for his ability to shoot with two hands, Sasha Makedonsky. Perfectly wielding almost all types of weapons, Sasha committed only 20 high-profile murders. In 1994, during the arrest, he killed 3 policemen and was wounded! The cops used to finish off, or something, a scumbag. From the hospital, Sasha Makedonsky is put into "Matrosskaya Tishina", from which he escaped. The first case in the history of Matroska. Moreover, he was helped by a warder bribed for $ 500,000, who brought a rope ladder, along which he left with Sasha. In 1995, the killer settled in Athens with model Svetlana Kotova. Under the name Vladimir Kysev.
Alexander Solonik and Svetlana Kotova
They lived in a villa in the suburbs of Athens. They weren't poor. In 1997, Moscow friends from work in the Orekhovskaya group, Andrei Pylev and his comrades, came to visit Sasha the Great. It seems like they strangled him and threw him into the forest. His girlfriend they cut into pieces and buried. For this murder, Andrei Pylev received 21 years. But Solonik's lawyer, who arrived in Greece, did not recognize the famous killer in the murdered man. And Alexander's mother, who came to the funeral, after examining the body, flew home without waiting for the funeral. Nobody looked after the grave and it was transferred to a general burial. There is a version that Sasha of Macedon still lives in Greece. Moreover, according to another version, he served in the special forces, in the fight against crime. Hence his shooting skills.
Only suicide can kill a real killer.
But, Sylvester was still the first number at the Orekhovskys. He becomes a big businessman - he has a lot of accounts abroad, receives Israeli citizenship like Sergey Zhlobinsky. Increasingly, he sits at the cordon, not touching on criminal cases, his deputies were responsible for them. In 1992, a deposit of Boris Berezovsky, who was close to Yeltsin and the Kremlin at that time, was placed in Sylvester's bank. However, the bank was in no hurry to return the money. And soon they tried to blow up Berezovsky himself in the car - the driver died, and the BB himself was wounded. Yeltsin on TV announced criminal lawlessness and the bank returned the money.
Boris Yeltsin was a good man. But in the 1990s, the fittest survived. There was no money involved.
In the nineties, the Orekhovskys bought fighters, took away business already outside their area. The group includes 1000 bandits. Almost all the groups in Moscow were at odds with them, but they were smart enough to fight. And in the fall of 1994, at the age of 39, Sylvester was blown up in his 600 Mercedes. The group breaks up into a dozen small gangs.
The car in which Sylvester crashed and his grave.
In the next four years, during the redistribution of business, 150 fighters were killed. "Orekhovskiye" lasted until 2002 - in 2011, 13 members of the top group were planted for a long time.
2. Vladimir Labotsky. It was fun in the Regions too. Novokuznetsk, mining, processing of coal and metal. Money is spinning. And in 1992, a former paratrooper, master of sports in wrestling, Vladimir Labotsky, organized his brother-soldiers for the cause - to take their native city into their own hands. The beginning was the crushing of markets and hucksters - those who disagreed were immediately killed, so the business went quickly. With the first money, the gang in England ordered listening equipment and special communications. The soldiers did not drink or smoke. They received salaries and bonuses. Workouts are on schedule. Soon the gang pressed the big business of Novokuznetsk. And yet they took it, in the first year they knocked out competitors, intimidated all local merchants and agreed with the cops. The gang's signature style was killing with tourist axes. The very next year, the gang moved to Moscow, leaving Novokuznetsk as a boob, constantly sponsoring the gang.
Volodya Lobotsky.
Before going to Moscow, Labotsky compiled a card file of Moscow authorities, a summary of the structures controlled by them. Acquired housing for his bulls in one area. They communicated on protected frequencies, while they had their own coded words. Army men, their mother would.
On the first shooters with Moscow, Labotsky came alone. Kind of one. He listened to his opponents, then suggested that they look around. The meeting place was surrounded by snipers and machine gunners. So Novokuznetsk conquered Moscow. However, foolishly, jealousy came to the gang - Labotsky decided that his deputy, Shkabara, who is the right hand, was sitting on him. Labotsky stupidly brought a bomb home to Shkabara, but it went off in his hand. So Shkabara led the gang. The discipline was ironclad. Shkabara personally killed those who did not complete the task. For this Novokuznetsk began to be called disposable. Soon the bloody trail became full of evidence and the gang was taken. Proved 60 murders Novokuznetsk. Everyone sat down.
Nineties. Happiness. Yes, such that it is easier to shoot yourself right away.
3. Podolsky Luchok with comrades. The biggest band of the 90s. 2500 bandits in one group. Out of 200,000 Podolsk near Moscow, the largest gang came, a whole army along the way. The army was organized by a former paratrooper (again, the Airborne Forces!), Sergei Lalakin, nicknamed Luchok. Moreover, he was given a nickname at school. Never convicted, Luchok, who worked as a butcher, was a petty swindler. He sold "dolls" near the exchangers and confided. With the very first money, he made around him the same young and unprincipled gouges, as a rule, wrestlers. They then help him to force competitors out of the thimble business. Then there was the traditional racket, control over the auto business, wholesalers of everything. Young people were willingly taken into the gang, forced to swing and paid well. So the gang became the biggest. Soon, most of the Moscow suburbs fall under the influence of the largest gang. Now both factories and banks are quietly paying Luch and his Caudle.
The first serious rebuff to Luchka's gang was in 1992 and a criminal named psycho. He gathered bruises around him, the same judges as himself. Therefore, the conflict with Luchko was a conflict between the old and new schools of banditry, two worldviews clashed. Soon Psycho was found with a severed head.
Then there was Luchka's compatriot Kolya Sobol, who was shot dead in his Mercedes in broad daylight in the city center. Authority Roman, fished out of the river. Authorities from Moscow Sponge, shot dead in his own car near the house.
And the gang developed - branches of Podolsky were opened - in Urengoy and in Kiev, groups of Luchkovsky Podolsky successfully functioned.
However, the most striking project of Luchka is the financial pyramid "Vlastelin". For the first four months, paying depositors 100% per month, collected about 20 billion rubles from the Russians. About the same as MMM. And crazy sums were paid from scratch on the spot. There is a version that money from the arms and drug trade was laundered in this way. After all, Vlastelin closed on the eve of the Chechen war.
When it comes to the 90s, each of us sighs heavily. “Oh, it was a difficult time!” - remember those who happened to be young or born in this decade. Let the time was hard, but still these people can be called lucky.
The times of youth are always remembered with nostalgia. The dashing nineties were a difficult time in the life of the country, but today many people miss them. Perhaps this is due to the fact that at that time the republics of the Soviet Union had just gained independence. It seemed that everything old had sunk into oblivion, and a wonderful future awaited everyone ahead.
If you ask contemporaries what the "dashing nineties" mean, many will say about the feeling of infinity of opportunities and forces for striving for them. This is a period of real “social teleportation”, when ordinary guys from sleeping areas became rich, but it was very risky: a huge number of young people died in gang wars. But the risk was justified: those who managed to survive became very respected people. It is not surprising that part of the population is still nostalgic for those times.
The phrase "dashing nineties"
Rough nineties. Photo Oddly enough, this concept appeared quite recently, at the beginning of the so-called "zero". Putin's coming to power marked the end of Yeltsin's freedom and the onset of real order. Over time, the state strengthened, and even a gradual growth was outlined. Food stamps are a thing of the past, as are Soviet-era queues, and empty store shelves have been replaced by an abundance of modern supermarkets.
The dashing nineties can be perceived negatively or positively, but the country needed them in order to revive after the collapse of the Soviet Union. It is unlikely that everything could be different. After all, not just the state collapsed, the whole ideology collapsed. And the people cannot create, assimilate and adopt new rules in one day
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Chronicle of Significant Events Russia declared independence on June 12, 1990. A confrontation between two presidents began: one - Gorbachev - was elected by the congress of people's deputies, the second - Yeltsin - by the people. The culmination was the August coup. The dashing nineties began. Crime received complete freedom, because all prohibitions were lifted. The old rules have been abolished, and the new ones have not yet been introduced or have not settled in the public mind.
The country was swept by an intellectual and sexual revolution. However, in economic terms, Russia has slid down to the level of primitive societies. Instead of a salary, many were given food, and people had to change one product for another, building cunning chains, sometimes even a dozen individuals. Money has depreciated so much that most citizens have become millionaires.
On the way to independence It is impossible to talk about the "dashing nineties" without mentioning the historical context. The first significant event is the "tobacco riot" in Sverdlovsk, which took place on August 6, 1990. Hundreds of people, outraged by the lack of smoking in the shops of their city, stopped the movement of trams in the center. On June 12, 1991, the people elect Boris Yeltsin as President of the Russian Federation. The crime spree begins.
A week later, an attempted coup d'etat takes place in the USSR. Because of this, a state of emergency committee was created in Moscow, which was supposed to govern the country during the transition period. However, it lasted only four days. In December 1991, the “centers” (one of the criminal groups) open a casino in Russia. Soon, Mikhail Gorbachev, the first and last president of the USSR, resigns "for reasons of principle." On December 26, 1991, a declaration was adopted on the termination of the existence of the USSR in connection with the formation of the CIS.
Independent Russia Immediately after the New Year, on January 2, 1991, prices are being liberalized in the country. With the products immediately became bad. Prices skyrocketed, but salaries remained the same. From October 1, 1992, the population began to receive privatization vouchers for their housing.
So far, passports have been issued only with the permission of the regional authorities. In the summer of 1993, the Government House in Yekaterinburg was shelled from a grenade launcher, and in the fall, troops began an assault in Moscow. Six years later, Yeltsin resigned ahead of schedule, and Vladimir Putin came to power for the first time.
Order or freedom? The dashing nineties are racketeering and chaps, brilliance and poverty, elite prostitutes and sorcerers on TV, prohibition and businessmen. Only 20 years have passed, and the former Soviet republics have changed almost beyond recognition. It was not a time of social lifts, but rather of teleportation. Ordinary guys, yesterday's schoolchildren, became bandits, then bankers, and sometimes deputies. But these are the ones who survived.
Opinions
In those days, business was built quite differently than it is now. Then it would never have occurred to anyone to go to the institute for a “crust”. The first step was to buy a gun. If the weapon did not pull back the back pocket of jeans, then no one would talk to a novice businessman. The gun helped in conversations with dull interlocutors. If the guy was lucky and didn't get killed at the initial stage, he could quickly buy a jeep. The earning potential seemed endless.
Money came and went very easily. Someone went bankrupt, and the more successful brought the accumulated, or rather looted, abroad, and then became oligarchs and engaged in completely legal types of entrepreneurship. In state structures, the situation was much worse. Employees were constantly delayed in wages. And this is during a period of insane inflation. Often they paid in products, which then had to be exchanged in the markets. It was at this time that corruption in state structures flourished in violent colors. If the guys went to the "brothers", then the girls were fed into prostitutes. They were often killed too. But some of them managed to earn a "piece of bread with caviar" for themselves and their families.
Members of the intellectual elite during this period often became unemployed. They were ashamed to go to the market and trade, as most people did, hoping to at least somehow make money. Many tried to go abroad by any means. During this period, another stage of "brain drain" occurred. Experience and habits The dashing nineties determined the whole life of a whole generation.
They formed a whole set of ideas and habits in those who were then young. And often now, twenty years later, they still determine their lives in the same way. These people rarely trust the system. They often view any government initiative with suspicion. Too often they were deceived by the government. This generation has a hard time trusting banks with their hard earned money. They are more likely to convert them into dollars, or better yet, take them abroad. It is generally very difficult for them to save money, because during inflation they literally melted before their eyes. Those who survived the dashing nineties are afraid to complain to various authorities.
In those days, bandits ruled everything, so the common man had nothing to try to enforce the letter of the law. Although the youth of the nineties themselves do not like to adhere to any rules and restrictions. But their advantage is that they are not afraid of any difficulties. After all, they were able to survive in the dashing nineties, which means they are hardened and will survive any crisis. But can that situation happen again?
Dashing nineties: heirs It seemed that with the coming to power of Putin, this period of time in the history of Russia ended forever. The country gradually got out of poverty and unemployment, and the mafia was almost forgotten. However, after the global financial crisis, the notorious stability never returned. And many began to think about whether the dashing 90s would return. But can organized crime appear by itself, as is commonly believed? It is on the answer to this question that the forecast of the future of modern Russia depends. Although, if you do not go into details, then two elements are needed for the emergence of crime: the need for a large-scale redistribution of property and the need to maintain democracy as the government's course.
However, it is unlikely that the "freemen" of the nineties will be repeated.
Those were the years.
All whose character was formed during this period have common features, which we will now talk about. So, if you were born, grew up or were young in the dashing 90s, then all this is about you!
1. You don't trust the system. And this is not at all surprising! The collapse of the Soviet Union and all the ensuing consequences could not but instill fear in the actions of the state machine. Especially when it comes to such serious things as pension reform. Bitter experience has shown that the state cannot be trusted, and no one wants to give it money for safekeeping.
2. You know how to defend yourself. Of course, considering how much you've been through. The usual skirmish with hooligans at that time could very easily end in bloodshed. It taught you to be ready for anything and to protect yourself and your loved ones in any situation.
3. You love sex very much. And with pleasure you embody sexual fantasies in a life. And why not experiment? After all, you grew up at a time when so much information about sex fell on our shoulders. Do you remember the porn cassettes disguised as documentaries hidden on your parents' shelf? Then everyone experimented, and you still have a craving for this.
4. You don't know how to save money. Due to the fact that a lot of capital burned out in the 90s, the idea stuck in your head that you need to spend everything at once. Otherwise, hard-earned money, if not sink into oblivion, then at least depreciate. So now the style of your life - excessive extravagance. And if you manage to save, then with great difficulty
5. You don't know how to complain. You lived at a time when it was not worth trusting anyone - corrupt police, gangster groups, corruption and complete chaos around. Well, how could it not be closed here? Complaining was dangerous, and you've been afraid to do it ever since.
6. You think our girls are the sexiest. Now the fashion of the 90s seems too frank and vulgar. It's good that girls stopped wearing waist-wide miniskirts! But still, they exude the spirit of sexuality and freedom. Girls still wear beautiful dresses, heels, jewelry, emphasize the figure with belts and love deep necklines. Everyone tries to be the most beautiful. How can you not admire this?
7. And your most important feature is that you are not afraid of difficulties. If you managed to survive the dashing 90s, then now you are no longer afraid of anything. You went through fire, water and copper pipes, which means that your character is tempered and stable. And with any difficulties you can cope in no time!
That's how difficult we are, people come from the 90s!
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