How to grow pine from seed - from planting to grooming. Conifers in the house - mission feasible Planting pine trees on the site

Any owner country house or a summer cottage thinking about planting trees. Most often found in the garden fruit trees, but it is better to equip the landscape of the adjacent territory with the help of conifers. We invite you to find out how to plant a pine tree in autumn.

How to plant a pine tree in the fall

In order to plant a tree on your site, you need planting material... Of course, you can grow it yourself, but it is easier to purchase it in a nursery or dig it up in the nearest forest. The most favorable time for planting such trees is April or September. This planting time helps them to root well and gain strength.

But if, nevertheless, it is unbearable, and you are afraid not to remember the place, then carefully dig it out, taking part of the earth with roots. After transplanting, it is necessary to cover the plant, which will help to suspend its growth somewhat and increase the chances of survival.

Choosing a place for pine on the site
Drainage layer

Watch the video: How to plant and transplant a pine tree, protecting plants from tree pests

Pine roots should be at a depth of half a meter. The pit is being prepared before the intended landing, with a depth of about 70 centimeters. It is desirable that the seedling is not long time out of boarding. If you doubt the nutritional value of the soil and decide to add fertilizer, then it is best to take the compost mixture on summer cottage or coniferous fertilizers.

After you've done everything preparatory work, you can go for a seedling. To dig up a shoot, you will need water and a cloth that should be large enough to accommodate the roots along with a lump of earth and tie them up. Remember that when exposed, the pine root can die after 10-15 minutes. The seedling is planted along with the cloth. This method helps not to destroy root system, the fabric will rot over time and become fertilizer itself.

Watering the planting pit
Pine mulching needles

Now you know how to properly plant a pine tree on. This tree will become a real decoration of the summer cottage at any time of the year.

Planting pine trees begins with choosing a place. Here one feature of the pine should be taken into account. The pine tree grows very quickly. With a favorable combination of circumstances, the pine will add 35-40 cm in growth annually. And it grows up to 20-40 meters in height. And, the less sun the pine will receive, the sooner it will strive to rise above the rest of the vegetation. This applies to Scots pine. There are other types of pines that do not grow taller than shrubs, such as some mountain pines (pictured on the left).

If you are not interested in tall pines on the site, then it is better to plant a seedling in an open sunny area. Then she will please you lush crown... To restrict height growth, you will need to prune vertically positioned shoots afterwards. If you are planting pine trees in a forested area, then try to keep the distance between the seedlings at least 3-5 meters.

How to choose pine seedlings?

Pine seedlings should be purchased with a closed root system. Moreover, pay attention that the earthen lump is safe and sound. The fact is that the bare roots that suck and feed the tree die within 15 minutes after they are deprived of moisture. What does a closed root system look like? This is a pot or container. If you take the large size out of the container, you should clearly see the felt of the roots resting on the walls of the pot. This suggests that the seedling was transplanted into the container for a long time.

When is the best time to plant pine?

The best time for planting small pine seedlings is the end of April - end of May. However, you can postpone the landing and the end of summer. It is important that the plant has time to adapt to new conditions and prepare for winter. The possibility of planting at the end of autumn is not excluded, but in order to protect the root system from frost, the tree will have to be covered with spruce branches. If you plan to plant large-sized trees, then this can be done in winter. In winter, the root system is least injured. It is important not to plant large pine trees in extreme cold - freezing of the root system may occur.

What kind of soil is needed to plant a pine tree?

Pine is best planted on a hill. Pine grows well on sandy and sandy loam soils. Pine trees are quite unpretentious and less demanding on soil fertility than other trees (for example, oaks).

You can plant a pine tree without preparing the soil. But here you need to take into account the following - if the soil is clay or loamy, then at the bottom of the hole, drainage with a thickness of 10-20 cm from expanded clay or crushed brick should be arranged. The drainage is covered with a mixture of fertile soil mixed with sand. When planting, it is advisable to add complex fertilizer and water the plant abundantly. In the future, watering may no longer be required. If the summer is dry, then there will still be a need for watering.

We offer services for planting seedlings and large-sized ordinary pines on any soil and carry out all tree care activities. Our forest pathologists provide advice on self-care for planted plants.

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Coniferous evergreens retain their decorative effect all year round... Due to the variety of shapes, sizes, colors, conifer crowns form a variety of decorative compositions. Pine is a bright representative among conifers, it is not only a beautiful lush beauty, but also a source of the most pleasant coniferous aroma. There is an opinion that planting a pine tree on a site is a difficult and thankless task, however, this, as a rule, is the opinion of inexperienced gardeners who do not know the peculiarities of transplanting and growing conifers.

Pine is an evergreen coniferous tree. The exceptions in the pine genus are larch and pseudolarch, as they shed their needles in the fall. In its natural habitat, the Scots pine reaches a height of 40-50 m. The tree's lifespan is up to 500 years. Pine leaves are 5-7 cm long needles. The needles are attached to the branch in pairs, the needles have a lifespan of 3-5 years. Decorative varieties pines are of both woody and shrub form. Pine cones are ovoid, usually drooping. They consist of scales that hide seeds. At first, the cones are dense, closed, then, when the seeds are ripe, the scales open. Pine: planting Pine planting time The optimal time for planting conifers is either spring, late April - early May, or autumn, late September - early October. With more late landing the tree will not have time to adapt to a new place and prepare for winter, as a result of which the young seedling may die. Pine seedling selection There is one very important rule, which applies to all ephedra, without exception: a seedling is purchased only with a closed root system, in a container. Benefits of a seedling in a container: well-developed root system, a solid lump of earth protects the root system from damage, the roots of the seedling retain microorganisms that are necessary for the tree to absorb mineral substances and moisture from the soil. The fact is that necessary for a tree In pine, bacteria live on the roots and die in the open air in 10-15 minutes, so it is believed that the roots of conifers die in the air in 15 minutes. This is not entirely true, after 15 minutes in the air, the roots of the plant are still alive, but the rooting rate of such a seedling is much lower than that of a pine from a container. The survival rate of a seedling with an open root system is low. Do not choose too large a seedling, the younger the plant, the faster it adapts to new conditions. The optimum age of a seedling for planting is up to 5 years. Pine planting site Pine grows well and develops in sunny areas, planting in partial shade is also allowed. A tree planted in the shade grows more slowly, the color of the needles is not so bright, moreover, the crown of such a plant is more rarefied. When preparing the planting pit, they are guided by the size of the container with the seedling. The pit is dug more than the container: 15-20 cm in diameter, 20-30 cm deep. Pine does not tolerate stagnant water, so if the site groundwater come too close to the surface, drainage is provided in the planting pit. To do this, a layer of expanded clay or gravel with a height of 5-10 cm is poured at the bottom of the planting pit. The drainage layer is covered with soil, which it is desirable to enrich with minerals or even replace it with a previously prepared soil mixture. To prepare it, mix sod land, sand and peat in a ratio of 3: 1: 1. Pine is a plant that is undemanding to the composition of the soil, but for good rooting and rapid development, it is still recommended to provide small tree useful substances for the first time. Planting pine The hole is filled to the level required to accommodate a pine seedling with an earthy clod. The plant is carefully removed from the container and placed in a hole, being careful not to damage the earthen ball. It is necessary to plant so that the root collar of the seedling is located at the same level with the surrounding soil, therefore, the ground in the hole is tamped before planting so that it does not subsequently settle and the neck of the seedling is not too low. It is even better to plant the plant a little higher than the level with the expectation that the soil in the planting pit will still settle. The space in the hole around the seedling is covered with a fertile mixture and rammed. Form a small indentation to facilitate watering so that the water does not spread. Immediately after planting, the seedling is well watered. Water is poured not only on the ground, but also on the crown from a watering can with a spray, since all conifers love sprinkling. Pine: growing and care A young tree is quite demanding both for watering and for protection from the sun and frost. An adult pine requires virtually no maintenance. Watering the pine V different periods the life of a tree, the need for watering changes. Young, newly planted trees are watered once a week. At the same time, watering is quite abundant, 1-3 buckets of water are poured under one tree. Adults, already rooted plants, water only 2-3 times per season. 5-10 buckets of water are poured under one tree. If possible, the crown of the tree is also watered. Sprinkler irrigation is carried out in the evening, after sunset. V summer time it is advisable to do this as often as possible, since conifers do not tolerate dry, sultry air poorly. Top dressing of pine Although adult plant does not require feeding, grows better and looks like a well-groomed tree. Compost is an ideal fertilizer for ephedra. The composition of the compost is closest to the soil in which pine grows in its natural habitat. Before applying top dressing, the trunk circle is loosened to a shallow depth, compost is added to the loose soil and mixed. When loosening, it should be borne in mind that part of the root system of the plant is close enough to the surface. Mineral dressing is carried out once a year, while fertilizers are scattered around the trunk circle, watered abundantly. The fertilizer rate is calculated based on the instructions. Do not contribute mineral fertilizers in the fall, this is due to the fact that conifers are evergreens, and fertilization provokes the growth of shoots. Young twigs will not have time to ripen and woody to frost, so they will die. Weeding the pine The trunk circle of young pine should be kept free of weeds. The ground is regularly examined and weeded or buried. Insect pests can live on weeds, or weeds can be carriers of diseases that conifers are susceptible to. In addition, dense thickets interfere with ventilation and create favorable conditions for the development of fungal diseases. Weeding is carried out at a shallow depth so as not to damage the roots of the tree. Mulching trunk circle allows you to reduce the number of weeds. In addition to peat, crushed bark of coniferous trees and dry leaves are used as mulch. Pine pruning If necessary, the shape of the pine is corrected. Sometimes the tree develops asymmetrically, or individual branches are knocked out of general form trees. In this case, aesthetic pruning is carried out. Excess twigs are cut or pinched off. In order for the crown of the pine to be thick and lush, in May-early June, pinch the tips of young shoots, this will redirect the juices of the plant to the formation of lateral shoots and stop the growth of the central one. In the spring, the tree is inspected for broken, dried-up twigs. The damaged parts of the tree are pruned. Preparing pine for winter Before the onset of the first frosts, the root system of a young plant is covered with a layer of peat 5-10 cm. Mulching will help to ensure a comfortable temperature regime root system and retains the necessary moisture as in winter time, and in the summer heat. In the first years of life in the northern regions, young conifers are covered with spruce branches in order to preserve the seedling during severe frosts from frostbite. Often conifers suffer from sunburn... The risk of burns is especially high in early spring at the first bright sun. Young plants during such periods are hidden under the covering material. Pine: reproduction The most common and natural way breeding, by which pines breed and in natural conditions- reproduction by seeds. The germination rate of fresh, mature pine seeds is up to 90%. Seeds are sown in pre-prepared beds in the fall so that they undergo cold stratification in winter. In the garden bed, the seeds are covered with a 1 cm layer of soil and lightly tamped. Despite the fact that the germination of seeds is high, the loss of seedlings during cultivation is high. Young tender shoots need shading and regular watering. In the second year of life, the seedling looks like a twig; in the third year, the first lateral shoots appear on the plant. Germination of seeds is also possible at home. In this case, at the end of January, the seeds are sent to the refrigerator for stratification; in April, boxes with loose turf soil are prepared and the seeds are sown. From above, the crops are covered with a layer of peat 1 cm, the container for planting is covered with a film, providing a greenhouse effect to accelerate germination. It is easier to care for such pine seedlings and provide the necessary temperature regime. In the planting containers, the seedlings remain for 2-3 years, and only then the plants are planted in open ground... When transplanting, the roots of the seedlings are not exposed, transferring the seedling to a new place along with part of the soil from the box. Decorative forms of pine trees are propagated by grafting. Pine seedlings of about 4 years old are used as a stock. This method of reproduction allows you to get on the grafted plant all the varietal qualities of the mother tree from which the cutting was taken for the scion. With the help of cuttings, pines are not propagated, since pine cuttings root poorly. Pine classification According to the classification, the pine family includes 11 genera and 252 plant species. Consider some interesting representatives of the genus: Fir is a tree with upright cones. Fir cones are very similar to cedar cones. Most of the fir species are thermophilic and have low frost resistance. Demanding on the composition and moisture of the soil. Shade-tolerant tree. Cataya currently only grows in parts of China. In the distant past, she grew up in Canada, Russia, Europe. Cutting down kataya is prohibited by law. Cedar is a tall coniferous tree with a spreading crown. Cedar cones are erect, surrounded by bunches of needles at the base. They feel good on lime-poor soils without stagnant water. Under natural conditions, it is found in the Crimea, in the mountainous regions of the Mediterranean. Larch is a widespread tree both in Russia and in the world. Larch needles fall off annually. The needles are soft, bright green. Photophilous and fast-growing tree, capable of favorable conditions grow by more than 50 cm per year. It is resistant to frost, undemanding to the composition of the soil. Tsuga is a tree with unusual needles and hanging branches. The needles in most species are flat, with a whitish strip on the underside. Cones are small, ripen in a year, but fall off in the second. Pine diseases and pests In the spring, the pine is examined for damage to the bark or needles, since a change in the light of the needles may indicate the onset of the disease. Pine pests Spruce-fir hermes is a pest that causes yellowing of the needles. Its colonies are like white cotton wool covering the needles. To combat the pest, the tree is treated with insecticides in April. The common spruce sawfly is a pest that eats needles. A sign of defeat is reddened, as if burnt, young shoots, bare branches without needles. Fufanon is well suited for the fight, the drug is diluted according to the instructions. The bark beetle is a small beetle up to 5 mm, gnawing passages in the wood and laying eggs there, from which a whole colony of beetles emerges. Bark beetles are able to completely destroy a tree in a month. When holes appear in the wood, surface treatment with insecticides is ineffective. Additionally, it is necessary to water the tree with drugs, as well as inject them into the inlets of the beetles. At the same time, surface treatment with insecticides is carried out weekly, the trunk and branches of the tree are carefully processed. Trees that could not be saved are burned. Pine diseases Shute ordinary - fungal disease, at which first appear on the needles brown specks, which at first may not be noticed. Over time, the area of ​​the lesion increases, the spots grow, turn yellow, then turn brown, the needles crumble, myceliums form on the branches in the form of dark formations of various shapes. To combat the disease, use autumn processing colloidal sulfur or Bordeaux liquid. Pine rust is manifested by orange spots, swelling on the shoots. A dangerous disease that quickly covers the plant and can spread to neighboring plants. In case of severe damage, diseased branches are cut off, or the tree is uprooted in order to protect the rest of the conifers from disease. The same means are used for the fight as for the fight against shute. It is better to prevent pine diseases than to treat the consequences, therefore it is recommended to treat all conifers with Bordeaux liquid in the fall for prevention. Pine: photo Mountain pine pug Korean fir Serbian spruce Japanese larch Compositions using conifers Pine is valuable quite common coniferous tree... A variety of species and varieties allows for individual needs to select as a shrub shape of a tree for small garden or summer cottages, and a chic forest beauty for landscaping a park, square.

- it's simple. But first we need to decide what to plant, where to plant, and how our garden should look like in three years and in twenty years ...

Summer... The resinous smell of pines warmed by the sun ... Winter. Green pine trees under fluffy caps of snow ... This is my idea of ​​the earthly paradise. And, like any idea of ​​paradise, it must be realized on summer cottage... Is it the same for you too? Then I propose to discuss the pressing issues of pine bushes.

Planting pine

Before planting, you need to decide on. Actually, there are only two main options here - ordinary pine (or extraordinary) full-grown and mountain pine. A compromise option is cedar pine.

Mountain pine

Sold in almost any garden center. Prices for small pieces are quite affordable. Mountain pine happens different forms and sizes in an adult state: small tree, branchy bush, ground cover forms. The choice is yours.

Pros: compactness and branching to the base. Without any inhibition of growth, even in adulthood, they do not clutter up the site, do not fly up, breaking wires, darkening the beds and inviting the owners to admire only bare trunks.

Minuses: slow growth. This, of course, is the flip side of compactness, but, you must agree, I would like to see the site in a “completed form” within a reasonable time, as planned by the design project (just kidding).

Another minus, but this is my personal opinion, is the inability to experiment and participate in the formation of the tree. I have two mountain pines. I love them. They live remarkably well without my participation (except for weeding).

Cedar pine

You can buy a seedling or grow it from a pine nut. (cedar pine) is large in adulthood. But it grows very slowly, so that all worries can be safely shifted onto the shoulders of descendants. Cedar pine is decorative for many years without the intervention of the gardener. The green needles on the cedar are preserved to the very base.

Planting material

Sold in any garden center. But it is interesting and easy to grow from a seed. It is better to collect cones in February-March on a snow crust. The seeds germinate easily. The seedlings of the first year may die from the "black leg"; for prevention, it is recommended to water with a solution of phytosporin. Fitosporin contains beneficial microorganisms that improve the soil, which are antagonists of many pathogens of plant diseases, in particular, blackleg and phytosporosis.

The pine tree spreads easily by self-sowing. I do not recommend digging in the forest, except in dense thickets or in clearings. I transplanted my pines mainly from the summer cottages of friends, where they grew on vegetable beds like weeds.

Pros: growing rapidly

Cons: growing rapidly. I am writing about how to deal with the minuses in the next note, but for now

Planting pine (transplant)

Replant pines better in spring or, at least, in the first half of summer.

The most important thing is to dig the pine tree correctly. Not worth choosing big plant... How younger tree, the more likely it will undergo a transplant. It must be remembered that pine has a taproot. Having dug around the tree, I stick my hand under it, trying to find the taproot so as not to chop it. It is necessary to transplant the pine tree with a lump of earth. Even if the lump has fallen apart and the roots are bare, I quickly sprinkle the roots with earth from under the pine tree. It is believed that conifers live in symbiosis with soil fungi, form a fungus root - "mycorrhiza". Therefore, the more "native" land is in the planting pit, the better the pine.

In my opinion, pines are indifferent to soil fertility. I successfully transplanted them into acidic peat soils and heavy loams. The sun is important for the pine. In the shade, she stretches out and does not show all her fluffy beauty.

For a pine, as for any tree, you need to dig a planting hole, carefully spill it with water, pour it on the bottom of the forest land, insert a tree, sprinkle the roots with forest soil, and then - garden soil. Be sure to stamp the ground around the trunk to avoid air pockets around the roots. And water thoroughly again. Be sure to shade the tree for a few days and water it frequently throughout the season, especially in heat and dry conditions.

It is widely believed that when transplanting a pine, it is necessary to maintain orientation to the cardinal points. To be honest, I almost always lost the southern marks, and the pines did not seem to notice this.

So, we figured out the planting of the pine. What does pine care consist of? - Nothing if you want to grow a free-growing tree. Sometimes, however, unexpected guests attack conifers, but there are separate stories about this here and here. If you need to restrain the growth of the pine, increase its branching, get an interesting shape - go for it! And my experience of plucking, breaking out, pruning and bending of garden pines will help you.

The pine can be brought from the forest. It is necessary to find a young tree no more than 50 cm high. Marks are immediately made which side looked to the south and to the north: on the site the tree will need to be positioned in the same way.

The pine seedling is dug out very carefully so as not to damage the superficial roots. It is advisable to save an earthen lump, since it contains forest microorganisms and fungi that will contribute to better growth pine trees. If you do not keep a lump, the tree will adapt for a long time and can get sick.

Plants do not grow very quickly, but widely, so the distance between the pines should be about 4 meters.

Pine will work best in your area if transplanted from the forest in April or September. Then the tree will take root and adapt faster. In the summer, it is better to refrain from transplanting, since this is a period of active growth.

The seedling should not be outside the soil for a long time, this can adversely affect its root system, as well as the entire plant, since it does not receive the necessary nutrition.

When going into the forest, bring water and a fairly large piece of natural fiber fabric. When you dig a pine tree together with a lump of earth, then tie it with a prepared damp cloth... In the future, you can plant a tree right with her. Over time, it will rot and serve as a fertilizer.

You can collect the land in the forest in which the pine grew, and add it to the planting hole. This soil already contains many substances that are needed for such a tree and the conditions will be closer to natural.

After planting, we recommend mulching the soil with hay or sawdust. It is better not to take needles directly from the forest. Although she has a number of very useful properties but it can carry spores of the fungus, which can be difficult to cure.

The rules for planting and caring for a pine are not complicated. Development of a tree in to a greater extent depends not on the person, but on the characteristics of the environment.

Preparing the hole for planting

If you plan to plant a pine in one copy, it is enough to allocate about 4 sq. M. For it.

When planting several trees, if you need to plant some area with pine trees, the distance between the planting holes should be at least 3 m for tall species and 1.5 m for low-growing ones.

It is worth starting from landscape design, the quality of the soil and what the owner of the site likes.

Diseases and pests

The causes of diseases are:

• poor quality seeds;
• contaminated soil;
• environmental conditions;
• the presence of carriers of the disease at close range.

The most common diseases and methods of dealing with them are shown in the table.

	Signs	Treatment method	Prevention measures
Rust	Pads-like orange-yellow vesicles filled with spores, twisted branches	Treatment of a plant with preparations containing copper	- pest control; - planting away from currants or gooseberries, as they are carriers
Real shute	Yellow spots on the needles, which gradually increase and acquire a brown tint	- spraying with systemic fungicides ( copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture); - stem injections	- collection and destruction of fallen needles; - sprinkling branches with ash over the snow; - removal of dried branches; - thinning branches to ensure adequate ventilation
Ordinary shute	Reddish shade of needles, with black longitudinal lines
Snow Shute	Black, slightly raised spots on the needles

The main tips for prevention and treatment can be summarized as follows:

• planting healthy and high-quality planting material;
• removal of infected branches;
• fertilizer application;
• removal of fallen branches and needles;
• preventive treatment.

Pine pests are:

• sucking (aphids, spider mites);
• eating coniferous cover (red sawfly, silkworm, pine scoop);
• spoiling cones (fire, resin);
• living under the bark (barbel, pine elephant).

This is just short description pests infecting pine, since there are about a hundred species. You can learn more about them in the next video.

Elimination methods are spraying, injection into the trunk, grafting. The use of Benomil solutions is helpful.

Pine trees do not always get sick from infectious diseases or pests. Often, insufficient or improper care, polluted air, initially weak biological material, fungus in the soil.

You can insure your plant against fungus by pre-treating the soil with a strong manganese solution before planting.

Advantages and disadvantages

Let's consider them in a visual form in the table.

Advantages	disadvantages
Can be planted on any soil, the tree is not demanding	Relatively slow growth
Intensive watering and care is required only for young seedlings	Shade, if the variety is tall
Healing air infused with essential oils