A properly built cesspool has been functioning for years, absolutely not requiring any attention. However, over time, the efficiency of its work decreases and there comes a time when the filling of the sewage tank occurs very quickly. At first, of course, you can save yourself by calling a sewage machine to clean the sewer. When the interval between calls is reduced to several weeks, the understanding comes that the problem cannot be solved by simple pumping out. In the meantime, there are several effective methods ranging from fairly simple to radical ones, the use of which will make the sewer system work with the same force.
During the operation of the cesspool, the effectiveness of its drainage layer decreases over time.
When equipping a cesspool, a leaky structure with a drainage layer at the bottom is usually used. long time drainage performed its functions, diverting liquid waste into the ground. Over time, the gaps between its elements became clogged with fat residues, food residues, and simply silt. Spontaneous sealing of the bottom of the pit occurred. As a result of this, wastewater does not have access to the soil layer and simply fills the tank, and since a sewage pit is usually built based on a three-day drain volume, its volume is filled very quickly.
Another reason for poor performance sewer system it may be freezing winter time. Naturally, draining water onto frozen ground will be impossible.
For the normal functioning of the sewerage system in winter, it is necessary to insulate the sewage well
With a decrease in the efficiency of the cesspool, the following signs are observed:
- Waste walls sewer tank covered with fatty deposits, which are quite problematic to wash off;
- Accumulation of bottom sediment;
- A fetid odor from the pit;
- The time to fill the cesspool is reduced to a week or less.
For the normal functioning of the sewage system, it is necessary to properly clean the cesspool and restore its performance.
Sludge removal
Silting of the bottom of the cesspool
The main reason for blocking normal work sewage tank, is the siltation of the bottom. You can overcome this problem in the following way:
- First of all, it is required to pump out sewage using a sewage machine. In order to remove deposits from the bottom of the pit as much as possible, it is necessary to drain the sewage from the machine under pressure. In this case, the upper layer of silt deposits will be eroded and pumped out again by the sewer.
You can mix the bottom sediment well with the help of a long pole with an element in the form of a fungus at its end.
- Pour bottom residue clean water. So they will be further liquefied.
- Add special biological preparations containing bacteria directly into the pit or through the sewerage system. The fact is that bottom sediments are food for many types of microorganisms. After processing, there will be very little solid residue, because the main part of the sludge will turn into a liquid that will successfully go into the soil. It is best to add the biopreparation directly into the pit, splashing it on the walls.
Biological products for septic tanks will help to cope with the problem of silting the bottom of the cesspool
As a result of the use of preparations containing bacteria, they achieve not only liquefaction of the solid sediment and a decrease in the amount of waste in the pit, but also the elimination of bad odors, as well as the restoration of the drainage system.
The positive side of the use of biological preparations is the production of organic substances that are absolutely harmless to humans and nature. They can be easily poured onto the ground.
Sludge can be pumped out not only with the help of special equipment, but also using household fecal or drainage pumps. The former are preferable for compacted sludge, since they have a knife in their design that grinds the solid sediment for its normal passage through the hose. In the process of work, the release of sludge is best done in compost heap and further use it for fertilizer purposes.
Pumping out a cesspool with a drainage pump
Ways to improve efficiency
There are several ways to improve sewerage performance. The work can take from several hours to several days, depending on the degree of complexity.
Improvement of the cesspool to a septic tank
An old cesspool can be modified to a simple septic tank
The silting of the bottom of the cesspool can be easily turned to your advantage by using the resulting sealed container as the primary chamber of a simple septic tank. In order to move a step forward in wastewater treatment, you just need to install a filtration well a few meters from the first structure and make an overflow and ventilation system. When doing this work, follow the recommendations of experts:
- You can dig a pit both with the help of earthmoving equipment and manually. The first option is preferable when arranging a septic tank away from buildings. In addition, the earth loosened by an excavator will absorb water much more efficiently. The second method is much cheaper and does not require access roads for construction machines. It should also be borne in mind that a manually dug pit will exactly repeat the outlines of the elements for strengthening the walls of the septic tank, so this method is much more effective in hard-to-reach places or near buildings.
- When choosing materials, if possible, preference should be given to prefabricated concrete rings with perforations. They are durable and very effective. Their only drawback is their heavy weight, requiring installation with a crane. The way out of this situation is to manually dig in the rings by the method of gradual selection of soil from under their walls and inner space. Also, to build a filtration well, you can use brickwork with a gap or car tires from trucks.
- The overflow pipe from the waste pit is installed half a meter below the level of the sewer sewer inlet. Usually use products with a diameter of 110 mm. The end of the pipe must be at least 20-25 cm from the inner wall of the filtration well. This requirement is especially important for red brick walls, since its surface will not be destroyed during the draining process. Note that it is better to use rejected burnt bricks. It perfectly copes with moisture and has a low cost.
- When arranging a filtration well, one should not forget about sanitary standards and SNiP, requiring the location of treatment facilities no closer than 30m to a well or well, 1m from the border of a neighboring site and 3-5m from the nearest facility, depending on its number of storeys.
In the process of using an improved cesspool, you should follow the same rules as when working with septic tanks - regular use of biological products, the absence of chemical components in wastewater household chemicals, periodic removal of sludge.
Improvement of filtration parameters
Wall perforation concrete rings significantly increases the performance of the seepage well
Of course, after completely pumping out the sludge from the bottom of the cesspool, you can use the method of cleaning the drainage with biological products, but nothing will give such an effect as complete replacement drainage layer. Of course, this work cannot be called pleasant, but if you manage to complete it or find a volunteer, you will get an almost new sewer facility. To remove the old drainage, you can use a bucket with a rope and a regular shovel with a short handle. After the old filling is removed, the pit is deepened by 30-40 cm and covered with a 20-30 cm layer of fine gravel, and then a 30-40 cm layer of coarse gravel, small rubble or broken brick.
If the walls of the cesspool are made of monolithic concrete rings, then perforations can be made in the two lower structural elements. To do this, it is better to use an electric hammer drill or impact drill and a diamond drill with a diameter of 50-80mm. The distance between adjacent holes, as well as between their rows, must be at least 25 cm. Otherwise, the strength of the structure may suffer.
Pit defrosting
In winter, a thick layer of snow will keep the cesspool from freezing.
In rare cases, the performance of the cesspool is reduced due to the freezing of waste. Often this is not at all due to poor thermal insulation or improper design. It happens that “General Frost” is to blame for all the troubles, and then you have to resort to drastic measures.
In order not to wait for the spring heat in order to defrost the pit, it is necessary to prepare an extension cord, copper wire, a steel rod 20-30 cm long and a grip.
When carrying out work related to electricity, be sure to follow the safety regulations. Wear electrician's gloves and shoes with thick rubber soles.
If the sewer pipe is frozen, then it is enough to wrap it with a copper conductor, the end of which is connected to the phase wire. After several hours, in the process of current flowing between copper and ground zero, the pipe will warm up and thaw. It is only important to prevent children and animals from entering the working area.
If the entire pit is frozen, then a steel rod is required to be driven into its center, a copper conductor is connected to it and phase voltage is applied. It is possible that it will take not several hours, but a whole day to thaw the pit, but this will happen in any case. After completing the work, it is necessary to turn off the voltage and only then remove the rod with wires.
The effectiveness of its work in the future, as well as the frequency of cleaning the sewer system, will depend on the method of restoring the health of the cesspool. The use of biological preparations will help to postpone the call of a sewage truck for a long time, it is only important to adhere to the rules for using a sewage system with a bacterial cleaning method.
Share with friends!Usually a cesspool requires very careful maintenance. It must be pumped out frequently, as well as the use of means to prevent bad smell and fast filling. Therefore, a cesspool is not the best option for an autonomous sewage tank. In this capacity, it is often recommended to use septic tanks, because they are more practical. Cesspools are more suitable for country toilets. In such cases, the so-called open pits. They usually do not have a bottom, or there are several holes in the body. Due to such features, the liquid part of the waste is absorbed into the soil. The pit is gradually self-cleaning, and resort to various methods pumping is less frequent. True, in this situation another problem arises - how to get rid of silt in a cesspool?
Silt is a sediment at the bottom of reservoirs and cesspools, consisting of organic debris and minerals.
It is formed as a result of the action of bacteria that feed on various organic compounds. As a result of their work, all garbage is processed and divided into two layers. Water remains on top of the tank, which is absorbed into the ground, and below is a silt sediment.
Getting rid of it is the main problem with using pit latrines, even for toilets. The sediment does not go anywhere, but gradually accumulates at the bottom. Sooner or later you have to get rid of it.
The simplest of the available methods is pumping out sludge using special equipment.
Most often, for this they resort to the services of a sewer machine. It consists of a waste collection tank, pumping equipment and a durable hose. The latter is placed in a pit and transfers all the waste from the pit to a container that is installed on the chassis of a large car. You do not need to participate in the pumping. All the work is done for you by an experienced specialist.
When cleaning cesspools outdoor toilets often occur Problems associated with the viscosity of the silty sediment. In this case, it will simply not be possible to pump out the pit completely, and you will lose time and money, because you still have to pay for the services of the machine.
For this, they are used biological preparations. They contain live bacteria that accelerate the natural processes of waste decomposition. As a result, the sediment becomes more liquid, and it is already very easy to pump out the pit.
You can buy bacteria for septic tanks and cesspools in any hardware store. It is best to purchase the tool in the form granules. Before use, it is enough to dissolve it in water and leave for 15-20 minutes. Bacteria are activated and will be ready to perform their functions.
It is also worth noting that in addition to facilitating pumping, you will receive additional beneficial features:
- The bad smell will go away.
- The population of harmful bacteria will be reduced.
- The time until the next cleaning will be reduced.
- Reduce the amount of waste in the pit.
Here's to you simple instruction how to get rid of silt in a cesspool. It is enough to first prepare it with the help of biological preparations, and then pump out the waste mechanically.
For the removal of effluents and their further transportation to the ground in the private sector, they are widely used treatment plants- septic tanks. Here, water with impurities of household and biological waste goes through several stages of purification and only after that it drains into the ground. However, it is still common to find cesspools as a reservoir for sewage. Such a home-made tank needs care no less than a septic tank, especially if the cesspool fills up quickly and the outflow of water from it is difficult.
What to do in this case, how to solve the problem and why this happened, we understand below.
Usually, cesspool they call exactly the reservoir that is simply dug in the ground, but they do not build either walls or a sealed bottom, and even more so they do not install a septic tank in front of it. The scheme of operation of such a pit consists in the settling of heavy particles of debris (feces, toilet paper etc.) to the bottom, and drainage of clarified water through the walls and bottom of the pit. It is noteworthy that at first the drain pit for sewage is working properly. That is, water partially leaves it in the soil. The rest of the sludge must be pumped out or cleaned. As a rule, the frequency of pumping wastewater from the pit, depending on the intensity of use of the sewer system, is once every two to three months. Sometimes more. But the problem arises when the water does not leave the drive and threatens to overflow into the sewer back. Why? It's not always clear.
Important: the drain pit needs quality maintenance to uninterrupted operation. The bottom and walls of the pit should be thoroughly cleaned once a year.
What to do if the cesspool fills up quickly and what are the reasons for the poor outflow of water, you can find out from the material below.
Reasons for the malfunction of the pit
If you notice that the drains have stopped leaving the drain pit through the bottom or its walls, and at the same time the tank fills up quickly, then the most common reason for this is that the cesspool has silted up. Faeces and any insoluble fat go into the drains and settle to the bottom of the tank. If there are a lot of such impurities, then over time, organic sludge turns into a thick crust that does not let water through. In addition, insoluble fat clogs the porous structure of the soil and prevents the outflow of water.
You can solve the problem by thoroughly cleaning the day and walls of the pit. Do it like this:
- Call a sewer machine and pump out all the water.
- The remaining sludge is washed away with great pressure warm water while working with brushes along the bottom and walls of the pit. As a sludge softener, bacteria can be used, which not only neutralize the crust on the walls and bottom of the pit, but also reduce the volume of sludge.
- The softened organic matter is again pumped out by the equipment, re-washing the drain pit.
Important: in addition, it is necessary to rinse the pipeline of the sewer system in order to remove a coating of grease on its walls.
Important: in order to prevent silting of the pit as a result of grease entering the drains, it is desirable for all sinks and Appliances kitchen, working with water, install grease traps. They contribute more quality work systems. The ideal option is to use a septic tank on the way of drains from the house to drainage pit. In a septic tank, wastewater is cleaned by 70-95% and drains into the ground already in a state that is safe for the environment.
About the use of bacteria
Bacteria play an important role in sump maintenance. Thus, biological microorganisms cope with wastewater at a qualitatively new level. The use of bacteriological preparations is simple - just add the preparation to the cesspool in accordance with the instructions and ensure a constant flow of water into the storage tank. Since it is water with organic matter that is food for bacteria.
Important: if the bacteria in the pit are constantly used, then when cleaning the tank, it is necessary to leave 1/3 of the silt as a top dressing for the bacteria.
The use of bacterial preparations has the following advantages:
- Liquefaction of sludge and its reduction in volumes;
- Elimination of unpleasant pungent odor;
- Cleaning inside pipeline;
- Restoration of the porous structure of the soil and liquefaction of insoluble fats;
- Prevention of siltation of the walls and bottom of the pit.
Important: all biological preparations, despite the identical principle of operation, differ in accordance with the task performed.
Microbec. The main task of the drug is the neutralization of fecal debris in the collector. The use of such a bioadditive in the sewage pit makes it possible to reduce the frequency of waste pumping and improves the patency of the pit walls.
"Vodogray". The drug dissolves in the pit not only feces, but also inclusions such as toilet paper, food peel, fat. Most often, this drug is used for street-type toilets. Thanks to this preparation, processed sludge can be used as compost for fertilizing horticultural crops.
Important: you need to buy biological products for a cesspool based on the desired result. In this case, you should strictly follow the instructions for use for reliable and productive operation of the product.
Chemical preparations against siltation of the pit
In the fight against poor outflow of water from the septic tank, chemical preparations can also be used. Formaldehydes, nitrate oxidizing agents and ammonium compounds are used as the basis for such agents. All of them quite effectively dissolve silt and fatty deposits on the walls of the septic tank. But there are a number of features on the use of chemicals for cleaning the pit:
- So, formaldehyde agents kill the soil for at least 7-10 years. That is, even a weed will not grow near the septic tank during this period. Therefore, formaldehyde preparations are used extremely rarely.
- Ammonium-based preparations work only at positive temperatures. But they effectively eliminate unpleasant odors from the septic tank, dissolve all silt and greasy deposits on the walls and bottom of the tank.
- by the most the best option from chemicals in the fight against poor water outflow, products based on a nitrate oxidizer are used. The sludge dissolved with the help of such a product can be used to fertilize the garden and garden.
If the pit fills up fast
Fast filling drain pit may not be associated with siltation of the walls and bottom. The reason for the rapid filling of the drive with wastewater may lie in the small volume of the tank. It is possible that the sewer system began to be exploited more intensively and this increased the volume of effluents. As a rule, the owners of the private sector simply bury the drive and decide to make a new one.
But there is a simple solution to this problem. You can simply make another hole next to the first and connect both with an overflow pipe. In this case, the total volume of the storage will increase several times, and the system itself will already be a kind of septic tank. That is, the water from the first chamber will overflow into the second chamber already in a clarified state. Which is much better for the environment.
Pit freezing in winter
It happens that the pit fills up quickly, because the wastewater does not leave the pit into the ground as a result of severe freezing of the soil. It is also possible to get rid of the problem in this case, although you will have to work. The pipeline itself for liquefying wastewater in it can be insulated with a special heating cable. It is wrapped around the pipe and the network is turned on. Make it simple and do it yourself.
Important: it is better to use a self-regulating cable, which will equalize the temperature in all sections of the collector, depending on its changes.
It is also possible to warm up the sludge in the pit of a private septic tank. To do this, you will need a long electrical wire with a plug to plug into the network, a metal pin the length of the entire depth of the pit and hot water. You need to act like this:
- First you need to warm up as much as possible silt hot water. That is, just pour it into the hole. If possible, drains in a private septic tank can be heated with a building hair dryer.
- Now we heat the metal pin on one side on fire and drive it into a layer of silt, deepening the metal into the ground.
- A wire stripped on one side is wound on the end of the pin sticking out of the pit, and its plug is connected to the network.
- The principle of operation of such a heater is that the frozen ground works as a good current conductor, and the already unfrozen ground limits the current flow. Thus, the sludge in the septic tank is heated and the outflow of water from the pit occurs. Accordingly, the pit no longer overflows.
Important: this method of heating wastewater and sludge can take from 12 to 24 hours.
Due to the fact that wastewater contains not only organic matter, but also inorganic inclusions, aerobic bacteria located in the sections of the station cannot completely process everything. Then the question arises of how to clean the septic tank without pumping out and what should be done for this. Microorganisms that have already served their purpose die, settling to the bottom in the form of silt. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically remove the sediment from the system. Consider the features of the operation of treatment facilities, as well as methods for pumping out sediment.
Not so long ago as autonomous sewers simple sealed tanks of large volumes were used, from which water had to be constantly pumped out, but now everything is much simpler. Modern systems are real wastewater treatment plants, so there is no need to call vacuum trucks, because the liquid is cleaned biologically and flows into the soil or reservoir. It remains only to manually remove the sediment using a special pump.
Process self cleaning septic tank
The principle of operation of the station, which does not require pumping, is as follows. The first chamber of this device is the largest and is called the reception room. This includes stocks sewer pipes from home. Here the liquid is collected and settled until it reaches a certain level. Substances that are lighter than water collect at the top, and large and heavy inclusions settle to the bottom. Fats and insoluble substances that float on the surface in this chamber are hydrolyzed by the yeast over time and can be further dissolved.
After a certain level of liquid in the first chamber is reached, it is poured into the next compartment, where it continues to be clarified with the help of aerobic organisms. This compartment is called the aeration tank. Here, the wastewater is saturated with oxygen using a special compressor and actively mixed. This mixing method is called aeration, which promotes a more efficient decomposition of the organic components contained in the water. This is the next stage of cleaning, which is the most effective.
The next section is called the bioreactor. Thanks to special lime-type backfills that can be added here, harmful phosphorus-nitrogen inclusions are eliminated from the drains. In the next chamber, purified water is finally settled and can even be disinfected using chlorine-containing reagents. But in the standard configuration of the septic tank, such reagents are not provided.
How to properly maintain the station
The sludge accumulated in the sections will periodically have to be pumped out (several times a year). The frequency of pumping depends on the volume of the tank and on the intensity of use of the station. For pumping, a sewage machine is not needed; sludge can be removed manually using a special pump. Further, this precipitate can be dried and further used as a very good fertilizer for lawn, flower beds or shrubs that do not bear fruit.
device and principles of maintenance of a septic tank Important: do not completely remove all sediment from the system. It is necessary to leave some of the sludge so that it continues the cleaning steps. Approximately one fifth of the sediment should be left. This will enable the station to operate effectively in the future.
Some people prefer to completely clean the system and buy microorganisms for it again, but why do this if the chambers already have microflora ready, it should simply be left partially untouched.
Ways to clean the station:
- If there are special pipes for sludge, you can use them. By installing such pipes, you will see that the sludge will exit the system by gravity if the necessary pressure is created in it;
- For those who have not purchased pipes, there is also an option - pumping out sediment using a sewage machine, which will also help in case of a dense congestion;
- The third option for removing sediment is to manually pump out sewage sludge using a special sludge pump. Modern septic tanks with biological treatment are equipped with automatic system distribution of solid and heavy inorganic inclusions in storage tanks from where they can be easily removed.
- Sludge removal with special bacteria. Special microorganisms, which can be purchased at a specialized store, do an excellent job with all the contents of the chambers. But they decompose organic matter, fecal matter and fats. As a result, even sediment does not remain.
In order to beneficial bacteria lived in the compartments for a long time and effectively coped with the work, it is necessary to purchase detergents without chlorine for septic tanks and eliminate the use of harsh household chemicals such as washing powders, shampoos, cleaners and detergents, bleaches. If, nevertheless, you did not keep track, and chemicals still got into the biological treatment plant, then you should populate it with new microorganisms and create for them favorable conditions. Also don't forget about extra water.
If a massive release of wastewater is carried out, then some organic matter will not have time to decompose, which can cause the formation of certain fatty acids, which did not have enough time to turn into carbon dioxide or methane. This, in turn, will affect the fact that the process of decomposition of organic matter will be slowed down. In this case, bubbles with hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide will begin to rise to the surface. They will hook on the way particles of silt, stuck from the bottom, and together with the fatty film on the surface of the water form a dense crust, which can reach a large thickness.
The crust formed in this case should not come out of the septic tank, otherwise it can clog the pipes. Therefore, a special tee is installed at the outlet of the last chamber. The lower end of the tee is drowned in water, and the upper end is brought up. Thanks to this device, the pipes will not become clogged, and the crust will not float away from the septic tank.
septic tank cleaning equipment If the tee is clogged, then it can be cleaned through the pipe that is included in the design. Therefore, periodic cleaning must be carried out. This is a necessary measure that will help avoid accidents and be able to maintain the station in working order. The frequency of sediment removal in the chambers will depend on how often you use the sewer and how large the chambers are.
Sludge removers
Before the emergence of stations of deep biological treatment chemical substances coped with the task of purification, which eliminated the smell and accelerated the process of decay of effluents. But even in spite of their high efficiency, such substances had a negative impact on the environment. Popularity was formaldehyde, which has an extremely high degree of toxicity. Oxidizing nitrates and sometimes ammonium were also used. But today in these dangerous substances no need.
Sludge removal products offered by modern market can be divided into several categories:
- Biological (bacterial strains, biological products that decompose organic matter);
- Chemical (substances that contain a coagulant that promotes the adhesion of small particles into large elements with further settling to the bottom).
Biological drugs have many advantages over their chemical counterparts. They are absolutely safe for the environment, as they are a product of nature. They will not destroy the tank body, which cannot be said for some types of chemicals. Just like chemical preparations, bacteria eliminate unpleasant odors from the system, preventing the process of decay in water (organic matter breaks down, not rots). The liquid purified with the help of microorganisms can be safely poured onto the soil (or used in your household, for example, for irrigation). You do not have to look for a long time where to drain the water from the septic tank, as you can pour it anywhere: into a pond, onto sand, into the ground.
Detergents approved for use
Since aerobic microorganisms are extremely sensitive to chemicals, then chlorine-containing cleaners and detergents, alkalis, preparations with phenols and aldehydes, and so on should be excluded from everyday use. Do not use detergent with a special antibacterial additive, as it will simply kill the beneficial bacteria in the chambers.
It is better to purchase ecological preparations that are intended for safe wash dishes, for example, Shpyul-S. This product will do a great job of removing grease from your dishes, but it will not harm bacteria and environment. To keep your home clean, you can use All-Clean, which has a mild formula and is also safe for septic tanks. In addition, such a substance will not only effectively cope with pollution in the house, but will not cause allergies or irritation on the skin.
maintenance and cleaning of the septic tank in the winter season You can clean plumbing with universal remedy San Luce Fresh, which can be used to clean toilet bowls, sinks, bathtubs and cisterns. It can also be cleaned and added shine. chrome parts. All these funds can be used at least every day, since when they get into waste water they won't harm the bacteria living there. When purchasing washing powders and detergents, read the composition, and if you see the presence of chlorine or alkaline compounds there, then it is better to choose another, more gentle product.
Today, there are even bleaches in stores that do not contain dangerous chemicals, but effectively remove stains due to the active oxygen contained in it. Such bleach will not harm you or the bacteria in the septic tank. Using such preparations, you will not only maintain the efficiency of your wastewater treatment plant, but also preserve the ecology of your site.
Sanitary standards for the construction of a septic tank
Before choosing a place for a future sewer, you need to familiarize yourself with the sanitary standards for a septic tank. This is a list of some documents in accordance with which construction should be carried out. The main document that should be followed during the construction of such structures is SNiP 2.04.03-85. This normative document regulates the construction of sewers. If water is supplied to the house from a well or well, then compliance with the norms of SNiP 2.04.01-85 and 2.04.04-84 will also be required.
The sanitary standards (SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00) regulate sanitary requirements, whose main task is to maintain the purity of water located on the surface. Since the septic tank is considered a potentially hazardous area, it is also subject to regulation by SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03.
Distance to the well
Choosing a place for a treatment plant should not only be based on your own preferences, but also in compliance with standards. The fact is that in the event of an emergency, drains can get into drinking water if there is a well or well nearby. Water pollution can cause disease or even death. Even despite the fact that modern treatment plants have strong hermetic cases, it is impossible to exclude the situation of pipe rupture or depressurization. Therefore, you should choose the maximum long distance to the nearest body of water.
The regulations state that the choice of the distance from the well or well to the treatment plant will primarily be influenced by the type of soil on the site. If there are filter layers that can filter out drains in case of force majeure, then the distance can be reduced.
Getting permission
Cesspools and septic tanks can harm the environment, so they cannot be built uncontrollably. Before preparing a project, be sure to contact the SES and obtain the necessary permission. Only after it is given to you, and the project is approved, you can proceed with the construction of the structure. A permit will not be issued if the construction does not comply with the sanitary rules and building codes that are in force at the time of the creation of the project.
maintenance and cleaning of a homemade septic tank The distance between treatment plant and the water intake point must be at least 20 meters. With the help of hydrogeological studies, the search for filtering areas is carried out. With their help, you can analyze the quality of the soil and its composition. If the soil quickly passes water, for example, sandy or sandy soil, then there should be at least 50 meters to the septic tank from the water intake point, and sometimes even 80 meters are required.
Also, during the construction of such systems, the norms for the location of pipes with drinking water should be observed. The pipe with drinking water should not be less than 10 meters. This is necessary condition in case the water supply fails, and drains can get into drinking water. The slope of the terrain should also be taken into account. Be sure the water intake point must be located above the cesspool or.
Regarding residential buildings, the treatment structure should be located at a certain distance. First of all, the footage to the foundation of the house is taken into account (it must be at least 5 meters). But you should not place the storage tank too far from home, as it will be difficult to ensure uninterrupted operation with a very long pipeline. In order not to cost a lot of revision wells, place the system on optimal distance to the house. You must also consider the location to the neighbors' buildings.
By standards, a cesspool cannot be located closer than 5 meters from the road, and only 30 meters from open water bodies. It matters what the distance to the fence will be. It can be chosen arbitrarily, but not closer than 2 meters to the neighbor's fence. After all, when servicing the system, for example, when pumping out sludge, unpleasant odors can spread around the site. If the building is located directly under neighbor's fence, this may cause conflicts.
When locating treatment facilities, their type, soil properties, distance to water intake points, residential and commercial buildings, open water bodies and to a neighbor's house are taken into account. It is always necessary to be prepared for the fact that with improper installation or as a result of strong soil mobility, the tank may crack and human waste will fall into the ground. If a well is located nearby, it may be contaminated with fecal matter. Therefore, it is better to play it safe and place the structure as far as possible from water intake points or reservoirs.
Where to put waste if there is no centralized sewerage system? The most popular way is to arrange a cesspool on the site. country house. There are several types of sewer systems, each of which differs in installation and operation features.
Sewer silting is a common problem owners face. It happens inevitably. During operation, not only watery waste, but also fecal matter, solid sewage enter the sewer. They become the reason why the cesspool silted up.
If silt is formed in the sewer tank, the functionality of the system is sharply reduced. She can no longer effectively cope with the waste entering her. As a result, the accumulation of liquid waste at the bottom, the overflow of the sewer pit with water. The situation is aggravated if the walls are also covered with fatty deposits. Then liquid waste simply cannot go into the ground due to the lack of a passage.
Silting and overflow of the cesspool
The cesspool needs to be provided with quality service so that problems such as silting do not arise. It is good if the owner of the house notices in time that there are some problems with the sewer system. If you start the state, you will have to decide not only how to get rid of the silt in the cesspool, but also how to improve the sanitary and hygienic condition of the territory, because sewage can pour out, forming a persistent, unpleasant smell in the area that enters the house.
How to remove sludge from a cesspool
The sludge in the cesspool is a thick layer of sediment that microorganisms living in the ground cannot cope with. The accumulation of sludge occurs regardless of what type of sewer system is installed on your site. Early resolution of the problem will help prevent backfire. Here the owner has the right to decide for himself whether to turn to a sewage company for help or do everything himself.
Professional cleaning of the cesspool with sewage equipment
Today, silting a cesspool is not an impossible task. There are a number of ways to correct the situation:
- professional cleaning with cesspool equipment;
- removal of the sludge layer with a fecal or water pump;
- use of biological products or chemicals.
It is not necessary to allow liquid waste to rise high due to silting of the sewer pit. You need to solve the problem after the first signs appear. Pouring sewer waste outside is not only an aesthetic problem. Bacteria live in sewage, which are carriers and pathogens of infections.
Help from the vacuum cleaners
Each owner over time is faced with the fact that the cesspool has silted up. What to do in this case, how to correct the situation and prevent the appearance of an unpleasant odor? How to restore the performance of the sewer system?
The easiest way is to call the sewage company and order the services of professionals. So you can save your nerves and efforts and save yourself from such an unpleasant job. But be prepared for the fact that the services of vacuum cleaners are not cheap. The price includes not only cleaning the pit from the silt layer, but also the disposal of sewage.
Before calling the experts, make sure that your site has access for equipment. The depth of the cesspool should not be more than three meters, since the hose of the sewer machine is designed for just this size.
Instead of using a traditional waste hose, professional workers can use a device called an ilosos. This is a special device with a hose up to 16 meters long, which is used to destroy a layer of dense sludge. As a result, the functionality of the sewer system is restored, problems with the accumulation of liquid waste or the occurrence of a fetid odor on the site go away. Calling vacuum trucks is the best, but not the most profitable solution how to remove sludge from a cesspool.
DIY cleaning
To save on the services of professionals, you can try to eliminate the silting of the cesspool yourself. What to do, where to start?
Do-it-yourself cesspit cleaning
First you need to decide which method you prefer to use to get the job done.
- Pump. You will need a fecal or water pump and several nozzles for it. You need to download everything you can. The silt itself is destroyed and removed with a bucket and a rope.
- bacteria. In this case, you also cannot do without a pump, but the procedure is simpler. We also pump out the waste, fill the container with water, pour in the biological product. Microorganisms will corrode the layer of silt, and the water will easily go into the ground.
- Chemicals. They work in the same way as biological ones. They are more aggressive, so precautions should be taken.
Note! If you use a water pump to pump out sewage from a sewer pit, do not forget to stock up on nozzles. They will need to be changed very often to prevent failure of the device.
If the cesspool is silted up, what to do will be the main issue that requires immediate, effective solution. Timely cleaning of the bottom and walls of the cesspool is the key to its high-quality functioning. Spare no time, effort or money, because if the waste spills out, it will be a problem on a different scale.