Sharpening the drawings for the knives. How to make a fixture for sharpening knives with your own hands? Possible problems in the sharpening process

How to do at home the machine for sharpening knives with your own hands and what materials / tools will help in this matter?

Knives in everyday life should always be sharp enough for a comfortable performance of their functions. When cooking and cutting products, they are constantly blinking, as a result, need sharpening.

To perform this work, many different machines and devices were invented, ranging from a conventional grinding bar to complex electrical grinding machines. Using a simple timber is quite inconvenient and takes a long period of time. Exist manual machines To perform this work.

Manual knife sharpening devices

Grinding machines american company LANSKY, a little improved the usual sharpening of the timber. With the help of such a device, it is possible to quite accurately adjust the angle of working with the blade, from 17 to 30 degrees.

Device to pointed LANSKY while working

A similar machine for sharpening knives can make any master due to the simplicity of its design, as demonstrated in the video presented below.

Machines with fixing blades

These instruments make it much faster to put the knife, because it allows you to apply more effort. Moreover, the efficiency due to the presence of hard stop in the form of the table also rises several times.

SpitJack knife sharpening machine

As can be seen in the figure, in the machines of this type, the sharpening timber moves along a fixed blade at a pressed angle. The sharpening angle is adjusted by changing the height of the mounting of the bar. Among the domestic analogues of such machines, you can mention the production machine of Ermak.

Ermak sharpening device

Machines with fixed sharpening surfaces

In the devices of this type there is no possibility to adjust the sharpening angle. Most often, several different angles are already installed on this device. Applying such machines need to be simply carried out by the blade on a sharpening deepening.

This recess consists of two planes, one or two of which is a sharpening timber. So in order to apply the kitchen device simply to spend several times with a knife along the sharpening surface.

Mechanical Sharpener Chief's Choice

Electrical devices for knife points

You can also mention professional devices that are used by most chefs, and require only a few seconds so that the knife becomes the most sharp. These devices possess an electric motor that rotates the grinding canvas.


Such canvases are often made with diamond abrasives, and the engine power does not exceed 100-150 kW. Although, of course, there are more powerful staves for pointed blades that are used in production.

Make a fixture for sharpening with your own hands

To make the machine for sharpening the knives with their own hands, you will need: a piece of laminate, wooden rail, sandpaper, and two bots with lamb. Instead of laminate, you can use chipboard or fane.

For the manufacture of a knife holder, it is necessary to cut off part of the laminate. In order for the bar when sharpening did not touch the holder, it is necessary to consider its edge at an angle, with the help of emery.

1. Location and cut off top Vertical rack, which will rely on a bar when sharpening. The angle is chosen twice as fewer with which the knife will turn into, in our case it is 30 °. For kitchen appliances it is better to use 10-15 °. All will be needed 2 such details.
2. To correctly calculate the length of the base and the height of the racks, you need to roughly draw up the design and perform markup. It should be borne in mind that further installation of the transverse support will affect height. After that, cut off all the details, and we clean their edges.
3. Now we conceive and drill at the same time holes at the base, and the pressure plate, for bolts that fix the blade of the knife. When marking, it is important to withstand the distance of the holes from the edge of the base. It is necessary to ensure the universality of the installation, because knives have a different blade width. Fresh clamping plate bolts.
4. Vertical racks can be fastened with screws, but considering that the load on them is small, it is better to use a thermoclaim. In the same way, fasten the horizontal crossbar. At this stage, the sharpener is already ready, it remains only to make a bar.
5. For the manufacture of a bar, we cut a rack of a suitable length. On one edge, we glue the emery with the necessary abrasive size, in our case it is P1200. To improve the result, you can make several bars with different grainies. The R600 R2000 range is more optimal. To protect hands from cuts, it is advisable to fasten the handle on the upper side of the rail.
6. As a result, we get a functional and practical machine for sharpening kitchen knife. When working, it rests on bolts to the edge of the table, which increases the comfort of use.

Video: How to make a sharpener for knives from a piece of laminate?

Often for sharpening knives at home use conventional abrasive bars. But for their application it is necessary to have a special practice, since with an improper coal for sharpening the result will be deplorable. The blade will not have proper acute, which will require additional processing.

Sharpening rules knife

Before proceeding with the manufacture of a self-made knife sharpening device, it is necessary to get acquainted with the recommendations of specialists. At the first stage, it is necessary to determine the angle between the work part of the blade and Bru. This can be done individually for each model.

The knife should be located strictly perpendicular to the direction of the bar. The angle can be equal to half the sharpening. This is due to the fact that during the processing on the surface of the blade, grooves are formed. They appear due to the effects of abrasive components. With minimal grain tools, they will be insignificant. But at the same time there will also be a slight degree of impact on the knife.

In addition to this factor, when sharpening a knife, you should consider with your own hands:

• the average sharpening angle is 20-25 degrees;
• processing is performed from the beginning of the blade;
• to control the angle of sharpening, you can paint a part of the blade with a marker. Thus, you can control the actual area of \u200b\u200bexposure.

It should be remembered that the deformation along the entire length of the working blade will be inhomogeneous. Therefore, when performing sharpening with your own hands, the "point of the report" should be the most dull part of the knife.

The formed grooves due to the effects of the bar must be strictly perpendicular to the knife line. This is the main condition proper sharpening.

Selection of bars for sharpening knives

The main component of the improvised machine for sharpening will be a bar. This abrasive material, which, when exposed to the blade, thinned it, increasing the severity. Therefore, before choosing a design, the bars should properly choose.

The main indicator of the bar is a grain, but the size should also be taken into account. Ideally, the tool length should be no less than the length of the knife. This will ensure uniform processing, reduce the likelihood of defects.

For sharpening knives, the following types of bars will be required:

• high grain. With their help, primary processing occurs, the blade shape is corrected;
• medium grain. They are designed to remove grooves formed during the first operation;
• paddle or leather belt, grated by paste gom. This stage is called polishing or final blades.

The main task of drawing up the design scheme is the correct location of the bars. Therefore, we consider several options for their fixation relative to the knife blade.

For sharpening of ordinary kitchen knives, there will be enough two types of bars - with high and medium grain. Additionally, they will need rack.

Simple machine version

The easiest version of the machine design is two pairs wooden Requesinterconnected using adjustable screws. Between these components the bar is attached.

The main condition in the manufacture of this design is stability. During work, it should not change their location on the desktop. For better fixation of the bar, it is recommended to provide reference planks located between the wooden components.

Despite the simplicity of manufacture with your own hands, this machine has a number of flaws:

• the blade is manually exhibited relative to the stone. With long work, it is not always possible to control the sharpening angle;
• extra fixation node will be required. Since the design should be stable - it explores it hard to fix on the desktop;
• in the process of working, the screed can relax, thereby change the location of the bar.

The main advantage of this scheme is simplicity of manufacture. The design is suitable for sharpening kitchen knives at home. As additional components will be checked.

Wooden ridge thickness can be different. In fact for independent manufacture You can use any blowing materials like this design.

Manual machine for sharpening with adjustment bar

To achieve a better result, it is recommended to take the drawings of the factory tool models. Their difference from the above instruction is the rigid fixation of the knife, but it will take great efforts to manufacture.

The design consists of support table.on which the blade of the knife is attached. A spiral rack is installed in the vertical position. It is attached to her plank with a slot. The grinding stone is mounted on the rod guide. The sharpening angle varies by shifting the bar with a slot along the screw rack.

Features of the operation of the machine of this type:

• the sharpening angle is exhibited with high accuracy. Its change depends on the steps of the rack thread;
• instead of bar, you can use sandpaper. For this, the basis is made of the plexiglas. Along it is a hole for installation on the guide rod. The sandpaper is glued to the surface of the plexiglass;
• the reference base is best done broad. This will give the opportunity to consolidate it with clamps on any countertop.

The main problem of operation of this design consists in long adjustment of the sharpening angle. This may affect the speed of operation if several types of knives are processed. Under each of them, you need a long setting of the machine.

To increase the quality, water or oil can be used. They are applied to the abrasive surface, thereby reducing the effect of the breakaway particles of the bar on the blade.

Sharpening machine with knife adjustment

An alternative embodiment of the machine is the change in the position of the knife relative to the stone. In general, the design is largely similar to the above described, but much easier for manufacture.

Based on the movable fastening unit for the pin with a stone. Two clamps are mounted on the same plane. One of them will be stubborn, and the second is adjustable. Changing the distances between the locksters, you can adjust the sharpening angle.

The main disadvantage of this design is Brawn wear in one place. To solve this problem, it is recommended to make a long pin to regulate the edge position relative to the blade.

In addition to the above schemes, there are plenty machines that can be made with your own hands. When choosing the optimal model, it should be processed from the actual presence of girlfriend. It is also recommended to conduct the analysis of factory machines. Often it is the basis for the manufacture of a unique design.

Reading time ≈ 10 minutes

To preserve the cutting properties of the knife, it is necessary to regularly told them, and the fixture for sharpening knives, made with your own hands, will help to contain these tools in proper condition. With a good sharp knife, cooking is significantly accelerating, freeing extra time for recreation. IN this material We will look at the manufacture of special devices for fast and high-quality sharpening knives.

With the factory manufacture of a knife, he is given the necessary sharpness. However, with its frequent use, it gradually loses its cutting properties. To make a knife again sharp, it is necessary to sharpen it, but it is not so easy to do it. Incorrect sharpening will not give the desired result, and time and strength will be wasted.

Manufacturers of knives, responding to the requests of their buyers, provided a number of grinding devices. But factory devices may not arrange owners of knives for various reasons. For example, the inappropriate sharpening angle or the high cost of the device. In this case, it is easier to make the sharpener with your own hands.

What you need for correct sharpening

The most important condition for obtaining acute knife is the angle of its sharpening. It would seem that the less this parameter, the sharper will be our tool. This is true in part, since too thin cutting edge will be faster and fascinated.

The sharpening angle depends on the functional use of the knife:

• Up to 15 degrees - razor and surgical instruments.
• Up to 20 degrees - appliances for cutting vegetables, fillet or bread
• Up to 25 degrees - knives of multidirectional functionality.
• Up to 30 degrees - hunting and tourist knives.
• Up to 40 degrees - cutting tools of special purpose. For example, axes or machete.

Outcome! The whole process is reduced to restoring the cutting ability tool, while maintaining the factory sharpening angle. A corner impairment can lead to a deterioration in the state of the knife.

Devices for sharpening

To sharpen the knife at a certain angle, without having special devices is very hard, and it is far from every professional. They can be purchased in specialized stores, or make it yourself. Below we will look at a few simple and affordable devices that allow to give the sharpness to most of the economic cutting tools.

Easy wooden bars

This method is considered the most simple in manufacturing and use. Grinding material It is securely fixed under the desired angle, and the sharpening is carried out, holding a knife blade strictly vertically.

For the manufacture of the simplest device for sharpening a knife will be required:

• Four identical wooden bars.
• Bolts and nuts for connecting bars among themselves.
• Grinding timber.
• Transportation for determining the angle of sharpening.
• Drill or other tool for drilling holes in wooden bars.

Bruks are connected in pairs, and through bolt bolts are drilled through them. Couples of bars are installed perpendicular to each other at an angle of 90 degrees. Between the parts of the design, a grinding stone is installed at the required angle extinctable by the transport. The nuts on the bolts are twisted, fixing the abrasive tightly.

The advantage of this device lies in the relative cheapness of the materials and ease of manufacture. Each person can cope with him even without relevant experience. The main disadvantages include the impossibility of smooth adjustment of the desired angle.

Grinding machine from mounting corners

This method of sharpening is considered the most convenient, however, additional efforts will be required to create such a fixture. It is based on technology famous company Lansky Sharpeners. You can buy an original machine in branded stores, but its cost will be quite high. Below we will look at how to make a similar mechanism yourself.

To assemble the design, materials and tools will be required:

• Two metal corners with dimensions of 90 × 90 mm and a thickness of 6 mm. They are the basis of the mechanism holding the knife blade.
• Metal stud with a total length of at least 16 cm. It will be the basis for keeping a sharpening timber.
• Two metal bar needed to fix abrasive.
• Thin long rod or needle.
• Pliers. Required for bend.
• Saw for working with metal.
• Tool for processing metal surfaces.
• Nuts and bolts for fasteners and fixation.
• Drill and set of metal drills.

Buying necessary materials In a specialized store, you can start assembling the design. Without drawing to make proper design It will be almost impossible, since it is necessary to comply with all sizes to receive right corner sharpening. To do this, use the drawing below.

IN metal corners Holes are drilled according to the drawing applied above. The edge of the corner that will hold the blade is sophisticated by the steady. It is necessary in order for when sharpening a knife he was not a hindrance. All drives of drilling are processed to remove all possible traumatic places.

In two metal bars, a thread is cut under the diameter of the junction studs and the grooves in which the abrasive will be mounted. The clamp presented below will help quickly and without unnecessary difficulties to collect it.

Metal rod or needles with one of the sides bends the pliers. The sweened end is inserted into the hole of one of the bars. Its purpose is a guide when sharpening to specify the desired angle.

The principle of sharpening on this device:

The main advantages of this machine are compactness, simplicity and sharpening efficiency, the ability to choose and fix the angle. The device can be kept in hand, or install with a holder in vice. This allows you to take it with you to hike and use in the field.

Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting a limited set of angle parameters and the inability to establish an arbitrary value.

This video describes in detail how to make a device for sharpening knives with your own hands on Lansky system:

Blade fixing machine

This method is a modified version of the previous method. The knife is fixed on the base of the machine, and its owner itself adjusts the angle. At the same time, the compactness and mobility of the machine is lost. It can be used only at home.

For the manufacture of such a device, it will be necessary:

• Sheet plywood or chipboard. You can use the details from the old furniture.
• Stud with carving. She will perform the role of a tripod.
• Solid wood bar.
• Metal plate for fastening and hold knife blades on the base.
• Fasteners consumables - Nuts, bolts.

Build construction begins with the preparation of the base. From the wood we make the basis and legs. They are trimmed so that after their compounds, the base of the base was 20 degrees. A thread rave is installed in the lower part. For additional strength, all seats can be treated with a sealant or special adhesive composition.

An metallic plate is installed in the center of the base. Previously, it is necessary to drill the hole with the corresponding hole at the base of the machine. Through it, the plate will be pressed to the plate, and thus holds a knife blade.

It is recommended to purchase an aluminum plate, as it will not damage the blade with a strong compression. Also for this purpose will fit rubber stripsLowering negative impact Metal for metal and increasing friction coefficient, which prevents the random displacement of the blade during the point.

The mounting mechanism for the emery stone is made from the remaining part of the hairpin and two wooden or metal bars. Brucks drill holes for the size of the studs, fasten with nuts on both sides. The fixation of the stone will be carried out by twisting the nuts. This process can be simplified by improving the spring holder from the handle side.

For setting an angle of sharpening, two wooden bar, bonded between themselves, will be required by a hinge mechanism. In one part, it is necessary to drill a vertical hole for the diameter of the hairpin. It will dressed in this part to the tripod, adjust the sharpening angle and at the same time be a turning mechanism along the horizontal axis.

In the second part dried horizontal hole slightly larger diameter. In this hole, the hairpin with sandpaper will move, so it is necessary to completely exclude the possibility of jams.

Sharpening procedure:

The main advantages of this method are the ability to establish any sharpening angle and the fast replacement of the abrasive element. Such homemade Machine Will help bring any blade to the perfect state.

The disadvantages include relative bulkiness and increased complexity of manufacture. For the manufacture of some details, special tools may be needed.

If you have any questions about installing and using this device, then this video will help to fully understand the essence of the process:

Select abrasive element

An important role in sharpening the blades plays a grinding stone. Most often, the system of digital designation of grains per unit of measurement is used to determine the rudeness of abrasive.

Depending on the functional necessity, the following gradation is distinguished:

• Up to 250 - high rudeness. Not used for sharpening knives and other cutting tools.
• Up to 350 - rough abrasive. It is used to correct physical defects or very stupid blades.
• Up to 500 - medium abrasive. Apply to fit tools. It has small demand and is rarely used.
• Up to 700 - small abrasive. The most used type of grinding tool in everyday mode. Allows you to sharpen the blade to acceptable sharpness.
• Up to 1000 - ultra-small abrasive. Applicable to grinding surfaces and bringing already sharpened tools to perfect sharpness. Not effective for sharpening stupid knives.

Thus, if you wish with maximum efficiency to sharpen your cutting tools, you need to combine different types abrasives. For example, particularly stupid knives are brought to an acceptable state with rude stones, then sharpened with small abrasive. In the completion of the process, grinding with ultra-small stones is carried out.

Newspaper also differs in its origin:

• Natural. This includes a Japanese water stone, to work with which special skills and tremendous patience are needed.
• Diamond. The most resistant wear and varied by rudeness. The most efficient and relatively cheap.
• Ceramic. They are considered to be among the middle, between the stones of natural and diamond origin.
• Artificial. They differ in their cheapness, but with frequent use they quickly come into disrepair.

There are many ways to make knives. Modern industry, promptly responding to requests from professionals and just private masters wishing to enjoy qualitative instrument, I developed and introduces special sharpeners into production.

With the help of a homemade sharpener for the knives, it is possible to sharpen the knife at any angle, since the sharpening angle is adjusted independently.

But it happens that the factory device for one or another considerations does not suit the customer. In this case, you can make a device for sharpening knives with your own hands. It is likely to be much cheaper and is not excluded, much more convenient for its creator.

Prerequisite condition for proper screws

The goal of any sharpening of the attempt tool at first glance is simple and understandable. But to make a knife sharp - it is only part of the solution of the whole task. The most important factor For long and efficient operation of the product is the coaching angle.

Figure 1. Cride cross section: 1 - Cutting edge (RK), 2 - Subsiders, 3 - sharpening angle, 4 - descent, 5 - volat.

The value of this factor can be assessed in practice. It would seem that the less we make the angle between the edges of the blade, the knife becomes sharper. But such an action leads to the fact that our subject will be able to demonstrate its improved cutting qualities not for a long time. Moreover, the sharper the knife is, the faster it fits, since there is a straight pattern here - the smaller the sharpening angle, the cutting edge of the blade has a smaller strength.

Thus, the task of high-quality sharpening knives is reduced to the restoration of the sharpening of the blade while maintaining the correct angle of sharpening. In a sense, the sharpening is the process of restoring a previously specified angle. And the correct it can be considered when it fully complies with certain technological standards and the most effectively, freely and quickly cuts the material for which the knife is intended.

Therefore, each blade is sharpened under its optimal for him, an angle.

However, doing this without having a special adaptation is generally difficult. The fact is that by holding the knife with hands, it is difficult to ensure a uniform sharpening with the specified angles of inclination of cutting faces.

To eliminate the specified problem and there are special devices for sharpening knives, which can be made by itself. It is worth noting that usually their designs, despite a wide variety, do not differ any increased complexityAnd on the manufacture of such devices is relatively little time.

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Materials and tools required for sharpening knives

The following billets and tools will help to make simple and quite good adequate.

• wooden bars;
• set of abrasive bars (Musatov);
• hacksaws (for metal and wood);
• electric drill;
• chisel;
• files;
• plane;
• clamp;
• set of different sandpaper;
• marking devices;
• screws, nuts.

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What functions for sharpening: a few examples

It is quite difficult to describe everything that existed today is quite difficult. Let us dwell on some of the most characteristic and common.

The first adaptation is made of two wooden and two abrasive bars of the same size. With wooden blanks using sandpaper, all burrs must be carefully removed. Then, depending on the desired angle of sharpening knives, there is a preliminary marking of wooden bars. For this, the bar is carried out the corresponding line.

Sharpening of knife saws: a - Fugation of the teeth saws (1 - Flying, 2 - Block, 3 - Waves of saws), B - Passed sinuses with a hacksaw on a small depth, in - Wiring of the saws saw, G - Sharpening Tooth Saw (1- Rubber Pipe , 2 - Rubber security case, 3 - wooden clamp, 4 - vice).

Further, a grinding bar is applied to the planted line to fix its width on wood. On the opposite side wooden bar On the principle of mirror reflection, the corresponding lines are applied.

On the noted lines on both wooden bars Duties are made from 1 cm to 1.5 cm. In the thus obtained, bars from abrasive material are inserted. By producing these operations, it is necessary to make sure that all the grooves coincided with grinding stones. After that, abrasive elements are fixed by bolts. In order for the obtained fixture for sharpening, it was stable and not slipped across the desktop, a piece of rubber can be attached to its bottom surface.

The second device is based on principle vertical location knife blade. In this case, the crooked blade will move along the abrasive bar, which is fixed at a certain angle to the horizontal and vertical surfaces. As practical experience shows, to keep the blade in a vertical position is much easier and more functionally, than led by the blade along the horizontal plane of the abrasive bar, at the same time trying to withstand the specified sharpening angle.

The specified device is made very simple. To do this, take a couple of ready-made, the same in size of wooden squares. You can also independently make such billets, providing strictly straight corners in them. In several places of both squares, the holes in which the screws are inserted are symmetrically.

Then it is necessary to place a centimeter scale horizontal and vertical bars. It will later be subsequently an angle of inclination of the abrasive timber. After installing the desired angle, it sharpened through the clamping screws is rigidly fixed in the device.

Using in its practice, the adaptation of exactly this type, the grinder will have to make friends with trigonometry. Using its formulas, it will be possible to unmistakably determine in which points of the horizontal and vertical bases of the square should be fixed the edges of the abrasive timber. For example, at the value of the sharpening angle x \u003d 30 °, the extension of the bar horizontally should be 4 cm, and vertically - 15 cm.

The third version of the device for sharpening knives in something is similar to the previous one. In this case, is manufactured wooden basewhere two side and one central lining are then placed. They are also made from wood to make it easier to cut their side edges under the same angle, which will be needed for high-quality sharpening.

This option involves the rigid fixing of the two side linings on the base and removable (using the screw) of the central overlay. This pad will play the role of the clips for bars. The conjugated inclined verge of side and central elements must have the same cutting angles.

Due to this, you can clamp the bars under the angle necessary for sharpening. But, in contrast to the previous version with coal clamps, this method does not imply smooth adjustment of the angle of inclination of the grinding stone. Therefore, to sharpen the blade of the knife here only in two rigidly fixed positions.

The following device is based on the principle, which is directly opposite to the two previous options. In this case, the abrasive bar is strictly fixed, but the drawable product. The grinding element is attached to a sufficiently long rod.

Its support side of the barbell through hinged connections is attached to vertical stand. In this case, the connection of the bar with the rack should provide free horizontal movement of the bar together with a barbell in different directions. The altitude is defined by a height on which a movable rod is fixed on a vertical rack.

Interest in the manufacture of sharpeners for the knives, it arises not just like that. Consumer qualities of manual cutting tools rise through the use modern materials and technologies for the manufacture of blade and fine factory sharpening. At the same time, the price of the product is growing, but to spoil a fairly expensive thing primitive sharpening is becoming easier. Therefore, various household appliances for sharpening knives are needed not only for convenience. To figure out why sharpener for knives is still needed and how to do it properly, you will have to start with the ideology and evolution of the knife.

Why need sharpener

Live relica of our days is a Finnish hunting knife. Do not gangster at a fancy form, and a Finnish-type hunting knife, on the left in Fig. Traditional hunting knives (in the center and left) in shape on it are similar, but the difference between them is very big.

The Block of the Finnish knife is removed from the cricking iron, which can be paid directly in his courtyard from marsh ore in the courtyard, without resorting to the domain process, poudling, and so on. Ways to redistribute cast iron in iron and steel. The viscosity of the curvature is excellent, the blade of it is very difficult to break. But the hardness is small, somewhere HRS55, the knife is quite quickly stupid. Finnish hunters did not worry this: the blade of such a hardness can be sent (down) with a fold on many natural stones, and the awarded sea boulders in Fennoscandia always had enough.

The exact knife knife is about the same way as the braid, only the dowdow is immobile, but the blade move. At first it pulls him on her donkey from himself, then turn over and pull the eye to himself. The position of the cutting edge (RK) on the donkey always dirty; Movement Quick: Shirk-Shirsk! On each movement you need to keep the bladge blades spot with the donkey (see below), but it is not so stringent to keep the angle of inclination. To learn to sharpen the knife with a fold is not very difficult, and with some skill it is possible to rest on the blade a smoothly running profile, see below. However, the Finnish knife in the general implication of the evolution of the cutting tool, which survived in special natural conditions.

A good knife cheap has never been, but in extreme situation The resistance of the blade in combination with the viscosity of the blade became vital circumstances. Therefore, in antiquity, the blades of knives learned how to harden from the surface and cementing: the core remained viscous, not breaking, and on the outside there was a solid crawling crust on it, see the next. Fig.:

You may still be able to send a knife with a cemented blade with a blank, but the skill is needed as not all. And the abrasive is already needed from the special stone of the stone - the Lithograph of Grünstein's lithograph. It is not enough in nature; Grunstein and today is listed by strategic raw materials. There is no artificial Grunstein and is not foreseen. To spoil the cemented knife with a unpleasant fold is easier than a simple - just somewhere the bark of cementation will be cut back to the raw metal (it is not visible to the eye), the knife will only be thrown into the eye, the blade will immediately fill up and go crumble.

Note: If you have somewhere out the vintage donel for a braid slightly greenish color, do not throw away, this is a valuable rarity.

Cheznozham does not require such durability and viscosity, like hunting and hiking, and they should cost much less. As a result, in the production of hozesis, specially used and powder metallurgy are widely used. The "eternal" kitchen knife is structured like a rodent cutter: longitudinal layers, the hardness of which falls from the core outward. In any case, you have to sharpen the knife less frequently, but the beat is excluded uniquely - the blade from it immediately is chosen.

How exactly the knife?

For these reasons, it has long been invented by sharpening technology of Trani-Pull (Push-Pull Sharpening or Pushpool Sharpening Technology):

1. The blade is pushed by donel from themselves with a cob, keeping the okuhom to themselves, the position of the RK inclusive (scrubbing);
2. Then, without leaving the blade from the table, pulls it with a turn with his blast in the opposite direction, the position of the Republic of Kazakhstan is repulsed;
3. The blade is turned over and repeated PP. 1 and 2;
4. PP. 1-3 repeat, in each cycle reducing pressure, while the burr cutting to the RK does not fit on no (does not intrust).

Note: When they say or write "takes a burr", etc., it is incorrect. Metalists have a jargon's word "awesome"; Electricians - "Switch". But in the Russian burr and a male breaker.

Pushpulely sharpening protects the blade, but requires a high skill from the operator, because In the process of sharpening, it is necessary to continuously and accurately observe a number of conditions, see also Fig. below:

• To withstand the angle of inclination of the blade for a rash, smoothly changing it according to the curvature of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
• Follow the tangent to the forming blade and the transverse axis of the contact stains of the RK with a donkey coincide.
• Also ensure that the axis of the contact stain is always perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the table.
• Smoothly change the pressure on the blade as the contact spot area changes.

Observe all these conditions at the same time, completely symmetrically on the direct and reverse move of the blade on the ramp, it is very difficult, and the modern knife, as mentioned above, can be spoiled by improper sharpening. Any household appliances for sharpening knives is just intended to save the grinder from continuous control of at least part of the specified conditions.

Note: For a successful pushpin sharpening, the length of the table (see below) should be at least 2 lengths of the blade knife from the cutting to the tip.

Sharpening profiles

The blade profile of the knife is linked to the properties of the material and the structure of the blade, as well as with the properties of materials, for the processing of which the tool is intended. Sharpening on a simple stupid wedge (pos. 1 in Fig.) Gives a persistent, but rough blade: resistance to cutting is large, and quite viscous materials knife River. Acute wedge (pos. 2) quickly stands up or painted, on viscous and / or fibrous materials, cutting resistance can be more than a blunt wedge due to friction cut about the blade.

Ideal in all respects is a revival (smoothly running) profile, pos. 3. Experts are still arguing, which is its forming better - evolvent, hyperbole or exhibitor. But one is undoubtedly one thing - to make a revival blade in production conditions is difficult and expensive, and it is impossible to send it yourself. Therefore, knives with a revival sharpening are used only in special equipment, for example. Microtomes - biological devices to produce the finest sections of the fabrics.

For disposable blades, for example. Blades of safe razors, used faceted sharpening, pos. 4, i.e. The lively forming, as mathematics say, is approximated by straight lines. The number of strips of sharpening is specified in the certificate or on the manufacturer's website. For thick coarse bristles, 3-4-grades are better suitable; for gentle hair Not on face - 8-face. The universal is considered to be 6-graded.

Corner α.

The sharpening angle is always given in the half value α, because Many tools and, for example, the bayonet knives are sharpened on one side. For knife various destination The angle α is maintained in the next. limits:

• 10-15 degrees - medical scalpels, dangerous razors, knives for artistic thread.
• 15-20 degrees - confectionery (for cakes) and vegetable knives.
• 20-25 degrees - Bread and Filey knives.
• 25-30 degrees - hunting, hiking, survival knives.
• 30-35 degrees - household knives of general purpose.
• 35-40 degrees - carpentry tools, shoe knives, axes.

Half-rig

Sharpening knives, except special, is made almost an exclusively one-hour profile, on the left in fig. The one-and-a-half sharpening is named because the color edge of the blade (descent) is formed during the manufacture of the blade and sharpening is not subject to. In fact, the direction of the knife with one and a half sharpening is not more difficult for sharpening on a simple wedge. One-hour sharpening optimal for a knife that work with the most different materials, And make a sharpener for knives with one and a half sharpening much easier than the sharpening face.

In the center and right in fig. Showing the sharpening stages of the blades and the numbers of the abrasives used on them. The number of abrasive corresponds to the number of its grains per 1 kV. MM Surface. Stage of the adjustment has some features:

1. Hunting and hiking knives are not brought. So they are easier to cut solid (eg, bones) with a broach (with sign). In addition, if it accidentally cut down, then a slightly torn wound ceases to bleed faster, it is easier to heal the danger of infection in it less.
2. The blades of hazardous razors, shoot knives and for artistic threads after Abrasive, are brought to a mirror smoothness on a leather donkey with paste gay.
3. The director and finishing blades of kitchen knives can be reduced in one operation with abrasive No. 800-1100.

Sillok

The homemade sharpener for the knives will be much more convenient and more accurate if the donel does not buy to it, but make a length of 200-300 mm from the segment (left in Fig. Below) or a wooden bar.

The edges of the foundation are flooded by the emery skins. Rooms. Glue - stationery adhesive pencil. The advantages of the sketch of the skins based on obvious:

• Much cheaper than emery bar.
• It can be done on 4 rooms of Abraziv, while the emery bars is a maximum of 2-sided.
• Wear (development) of the abrasive are possible no more than the thickness of the abrasive layer of the skins; The waviness of the Republic of Kazakhstan due to the turn of the outer on the Sharpener rod (see below) is also no more than this magnitude.
• As a result, the error of the angle of sharpening from the production and agility of the Tillat does not exceed the fraction of degree.
• Pipes from the pipe can be put on a threaded bar (in the center in Fig.), Which speeds up and facilitates the change of abrasive.
• The donel from the pipe or wooden bar is kept in any clips under the sandy bar not worse than the latter, right in fig.

Knife sharpening devices

The simplest hand cleaner for knives is an angular frame, which will be clamped, posil. 1 on the trail. Fig. The same type of "firm" is on sale, and this is the marketing so marketing: for a plastic plate with inclined nests for silent, they want to $ 50 or more. Pillars - non-standard sizes; Normal in holes do not hide. It was working out - you need to buy original. Price - you know. And all the convenience - the blade when sharpening it is strictly vertically, it is still easier than to withstand its tilt angle.

The use of the simplest sharpener for knives can still be easily simplified complete absence need for skills, if you add it to a sliding shoe with a magnetic holder for a knife, pos. 2. Sharpening procedure in this case.

1. Knife right hand Keep behind the handle, turning along the movement according to the curvature of the blade;
2. Fingers of the left hand, except for the big, press the shoe to the ramp;
3. With a thumb of the left hand put on the volatile blade, pressing the Republic of Kazakhstan to the abrasive.

The function of maintaining an angle of inclination from the operator is removed, and the rest are distributed to 2 hands. In this case, sharpening skill is produced immediately, but a holder is needed, a firmly holding knife and at the same time allowing it to slide along its surface. This can be done from the carriage drive magnets of the write-read heads from the unsuitable HDD drive (Winchester). Vintage carriage drive magnets niobium, thin, flat, smooth and very strong (shown by red arrows on pos. 3). They are glued with a variepete poles on the steel strip, the force of attraction of the blade will double. And in order to ensure slip, the holder is tightened by fluoroplastic film with a thickness of 0.05-0.07 mm. Pat from bottles will go, but it is thicker and attraction will be weaker. Polyethylene is not suitable, immediately wipes.

Note: Remember this holder, it will be useful for us.

LM.

Does not require any special skills and use hand sharpener for Lansky-Metabo knives, pos. 1 in fig. The diagram of its device is given on the pos. 2, and the order of use is on the pos. 3. The disadvantage of the lansky-metabo sharpeners is the instability of the sharpening angle in the length of the blade: they are carrying a barbell with a donkey. Touch point takeaway is continuously changing, because It describes a circle arc, and the blade of a different configuration. Acc. "Floating" and angle. Therefore, the lansky-metabo sharpener is used mainly for sharpening hiking and hunting knives with a relatively short blade.

but this flaw It is possible to draw in dignity if the blade clap in the root part of the root and (in a stalk) and slightly turned the tip from ourselves, pos. 4. Then at the root of the blade, the sharpening angle will be the greatest, which is optimal for processing solid materials or the use of a knife like a kolun. So after all, they work in such cases that the external shoulder lever hand-blade was shorter.

By the middle of the blade B sharpening the angle will decrease smoothly and reaches a minimum on a bending of it for forming B1, which is convenient for thin work. Then the tip in the angle will increase again, which will make the tip more resistant when drilling, slot / impact and sneaking (singe).

Note: Another disadvantage of Lansky-Metabo sharpeners is considered the difficulty of execution in the desktop version. But this deficiency, as they say, linden, see pos. five.

Drawings of parts of the original lansky-metabo sharpener are given in fig. The numbers in the windows under the rod (guide) correspond to the full angles of sharpening.

On the trail. Fig. Dan assembly drawing Clamp, and further - drawings and dimensions of LANSKY-Metabo terminals made from angle of 90x90x6 mm. The development author is hidden under the alias of Serjant. This is definitely the case of his modesty. But, by the way, in production, technological innovations that allow for the manufacture of shaped parts to use standard profiles, are valued sometimes in more expensive of serious inventions.

Note: on the trail. Fig. This is the assembly drawing of the SERJANT sharpener. About the inconvenience of fixing in vice - see above.

Knife sharpening machine

The most perfect household hand sharpening today is the machine for sharpening Apex knives. His appearance, device diagrams and use order, see fig. Apex can be performed on a smoothly variable sharpening angle (pos. 2) or for fixed angles like Lansky-Metabo (pos. 3). It is staffed on Apex, as on Lansky-Metabo (pos. 4), but for more accurate sharpening, other options are possible, see below.

Homemade Sharpener APEX - Screw Tire Sharpener

In 2016, in RuNet made noise, perhaps not less than once a stove-bunch, desktop modification of Apex Ivanokhov, see fig. on right.

Sharpeners are much easier than the prototype and is no longer inferior to him in functionality.

How to make a sharpener for knives. Crocheorok, see video:

Not only knives ...

Original Sharpener APEX little suitable for sharpening joiner's tool - Thirts, shreddings. APEX sharpening angle floats for the same reasons as Lansky-Metabo. Meanwhile, if the sharpening angle of the chisel in the width of the blade "walks" by more than 1-1.5 degrees, then the tool does not torment to leave the sideway, get out or go deep into the wood array along its fibers. Exactly and accurately choose such a china groove under thorn / comb is very difficult.

For sharpening a joinery tool, there are special devices, about which and the conversation is needed special. Self-models like a roller sharpener carts, see fig. Right, rather, curiosities: not to mention the difficulty, they require a stone or steel table, and the main thing is not guaranteed from the skew of the blade on the donkey, which leads to the same undesirable result.

Meanwhile, 2-3 years ago in one of the Chinese magazines for technical creativity flashed the refinement of Apex for sharpening, not inferior to the factory electric sharpening semiautomatic. The alteration is not complicated, see rice: the bar is exhibited horizontally in terms of the level and the horizon of the rods hold the horizon, leading sharpening. Within an angle of rotation of the rod in the horizontal plane 10-12 degrees, the error of the sharpening angle is less than 1 degree. If the takeaway of the touch point is from 250 mm, it is possible to sharpen the chisels and the piece of grinding width to 120 mm.

In such a mode of operation of zero (theoretically), the errors of the sharpening angle can be achieved if you keep the bar in the stationary, and moving a knife holding the magnetic holder, see above. Thus it is possible to sharpen and iron the shaped shutters, if they put the round in cross section, semicircular, elliptical or segmental cereals in the clips. The main thing is that the point of touch can always be point.

... but also scissors

Another revolution of the Apex sharpener for sharpening scissors (also the need for the economy is necessary) is shown in Fig. on right. Total work - a pair of segments of a corner or zinc cutting and 4 additional holes in the chamber table. About the process of manufacturing with your own hands the consoles for sharpening scissors to the sharpener of the scryer, see the trail. video:

Video: sharpening scissors, piercing to the sharpener

Finally about scissors

Before grabbing poorly cutting scissors and poke them into the sharpener, check if the hinge bothered. Run scissors and look at them on the side. See, the tip is wrapped with a screw towards each other? Because scissors and cut: the point of contact of the blades during cutting shifts from the roots to the ends. And therefore it is difficult to cut with my left hand with scissors: the end of the ends is designed for kinematics right. And if the scissors hinge breaks out, the blades will go away from each other and will not cope even with paper. In this case, you just need to tighten the riveted hinge with a hammer, and a screw-screwdriver.