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Wood is one of the most common building materials, of which it is often suburban areas they carry out gazebos, fences, benches, verandas, etc. In order for all these products to serve for many years, it is necessary to periodically process the wood with protective compounds against all sorts of negative factors. In this article, we will take a closer look at how and how to properly handle a tree with our own hands.
General information
A number of factors negatively affect the durability of wood products:
If you do not protect the tree from these negative factors, then very quickly the product will become unusable. Therefore, the processing is mandatory procedure, and the durability of the wooden structure directly depends on the quality of its implementation.
In the photo - an example of an untreated rotten tree
This procedure is performed, as a rule, in two stages:
Below we will take a closer look at each of these stages.
Impregnation
Purpose
Deciding what to process wooden gazebo on the street, a bench or other structure, first of all it is necessary to choose an antiseptic impregnation.
Truth, modern formulations, as a rule, have a complex effect, and they are not only antiseptics, but also fire retardants that protect wood from fire. In addition, impregnations often contain oil or wax to prevent moisture penetration into the wood structure. Some of them are decorative and can be used in place of paintwork.
Antiseptic primers are an alternative to impregnations. In fact, they have the same effect on wood as impregnations, but they also improve the adhesion of the paintwork to the wood.
From ancient times to the present day, wood has been an irreplaceable building material. It has a number of positive characteristics, thanks to which it is highly valued among buyers.
But, despite all the advantages, wood is very vulnerable and prone to decay, so any wooden object must be processed.
Causes giving rise to putrefaction trees are as follows:
- air humidity is the main enemy of wood;
- temperature changes that contribute to the expansion or contraction of the tree;
- condensation that accumulates in the wood and does not come out of it;
- freezing;
- contact with the ground.
Means and preparations for wood processing
Measures to prevent decay, it is advisable to carry out from the moment of harvesting materials for construction.
Rotting wood reduces its density, gradually leading to loosening and destruction of the structure, which is very dangerous for human life and health, therefore, it is imperative to carry out processing.
Prevent decay of wood is possible if the surface is carefully inspected once a year wooden building entirely. Rotting in infected areas will be indicated by an unpleasant odor and a white film.
Signs of wood decay are the characteristic rotting smell and a white, thin film in areas infested with rot and mold spores.
Depending on the source, causing the process of decay of the tree, will depend on the measures to prevent it.
- For example, vapor barrier and thermal insulation protects wood species from condensation.
- Protection from atmospheric humidity will be provided by special paints and varnishes.
- Drying naturally with sunlight will also get rid of excess moisture.
- The most common and in effective ways are the methods of conservation and the use of antiseptic. The principle of operation of these methods lies in the poisonous effect of the drug on the causative agents of putrefaction.
Protective funds usually presented in the form of paints, varnishes and antiseptics. The use of paints will not only protect the tree from decay, but also refresh appearance... Using varnishes, you can prevent cracks, give the wood a matte or glossy appearance, and also avoid surface fading.
Application of antiseptic agents expedient already at the stage of the appearance of mold. When choosing a product, you must carefully read the instructions, since some drugs are suitable only for internal processing, for example, inside the house, and some - exclusively for the outside.
For example, combined antiseptics are only suitable for external processing, as they are toxic.
If we compare the means for wood decay in value, then it should be said that paints and varnishes are more expensive than antiseptics, and in order to prevent rotting, you need to purchase a considerable amount of paint. So the use of an antiseptic is much more beneficial both from a practical and an economic point of view.
Manufacturers of wood decay products
The Russian quality remedy for wood decay is “ Sagus”, It protects the surface and gives the wood a beautiful and healthy appearance. The cost of 1 liter is 90 rubles.
Neomid and "League of Bioshield" are often demanded means that protect the surface from decay.
Decay remedy " Neomid 500"Disinfects the surface, preventing infection with almost all types of fungus, and is also able to cope with the" advanced "stage of decay. According to the manufacturer's advice, the received treatment should be "preserved" with means from the same series "Neomid 440" or "Neomid 450". Prices for these drugs reach 700 rubles per 5 kg. "League Bioshield", acting no worse than "Neomid", is an order of magnitude lower, so the price is from 103 rubles for 5 liters.
Antiseptic " Senezh»Protects wood from rotting and mold, depending on the purpose, antiseptics are subdivided for treating wood both outside and inside, as well as for rooms with high humidity.
This antiseptic is also suitable for re-treating surfaces, except for those that were previously treated with oil products.
This product can protect the surface for up to 35 years. On top of it, paint, varnish, glue and other substances can be applied. Senezh costs from 550 rubles. For 5 liters.
Drevosan Profi protects the tree from insects and fungi, as well as from mold. This tool can be applied both to infected surfaces, and as a prophylaxis. This tool is more suitable for external processing. Price for 1 liter from 120 rubles.
How to choose the right product correctly?
At choice protective equipment must be considered individual characteristics object, its location, the purpose of its construction.
For example, if the object is in coastal zone or in the room itself is constantly stored high level humidity, it is necessary to choose a product that will protect the wood at temperature extremes. Such funds last up to 12 years on average.
It should also be borne in mind that often the properties of the drug are designed not only to prevent rotting, but also to protection from wood ignition. The term of validity of such "multifunctional" funds is up to 7 years.
It is better to treat terraces or gazebos with hard-to-wash products, one treatment is usually enough for 35 years.
Special solutions also provided for fences, windows and other objects with rounding. Such solutions are specifically aimed at protecting against cracks and provide uniform shrinkage of the wood over the entire surface.
Handle wood often not necessary, but the first warning sign that requires additional processing is the appearance of cracks on the surface. Modern manufacturers offer a number of impregnations that prevent the destruction of wood. For example, "Wood Doctor", "Elkon", "Biox" help to get rid of mold and mildew, and are also suitable for indoor and external processing... These brands are made in Russia. Of the highest quality drugs foreign manufacturers can be called Means of the company "Dulux", which is famous for a large selection of impregnations against fungus, and the products of the Alcator company penetrate deep into the wood and dry quickly, and the treated wood serves very long time.
Wood processing technology
Wood processing can be carried out in various ways.
When preparing material for construction, processing is usually carried out by immersion in a solution. This method requires special equipment.
If the material was laid without processing, then you can use the method spraying, which also protects against decay, but has a small penetration depth. This method works well for temporary protection.
Spray protection can be provided when the facility is already built. Before applying the substance, you need to prepare the object well, cleaning it from dust and dirt, and then apply the agent two or three times with an interval of 15 minutes. Exists general rules application of the drug:
- first you need clear wood from dirt and dust;
- take advantage sandpaper to get rid of gaps;
- any detergent wash the boards with warm water;
- dry the boards completely;
- apply protective agent as many times as indicated in the instructions.
When processing it is important carefully handle the substance for your own safety. The product should not come into contact with skin, eyes, in case of contact, immediately wash off the chemical with water. Respiratory safety must be ensured when using the spray method.
Today there are many means and preparations that prevent wood from rotting, so you can build a house or other wooden objects without fear that they may soon collapse. And most importantly, do not forget to comply with all the necessary security measures.
If you are lucky enough to buy wooden cutlery at the fair, or with your own hand , then following the joy of new gizmos, you will think about what and how to process wooden utensils for food?
Different types of stains and varnishes disappear, they are not at all suitable for processing wooden cutlery, as they can harm health.
In any undertaking, it is better to be guided by the advice and recommendations of the masters, for whom the procedure for impregnating wood products has already become "native". In the process of mastering different techniques, you will probably stop at the one that is most suitable for you, or you will be able to develop your own unique method.
No matter how different processing recipes differ from different craftsmen, two main methods of impregnation can be distinguished:
- Processing wooden dishes with oil (vegetable or linseed)
- Impregnation of wood products with mastic (oil mixed with beeswax)
Vegetable or linseed?
If you are a beginner, then your first wooden spoon or the spatula can also be soaked in vegetable oil. Take better oil refined, less odor from it. But still, "experienced" masters eventually switch to linen. It does not taste rancid and is better absorbed and healthier. And if you look at our wise ancestors, they covered all the kitchen utensils with linseed oil.
Recipes for oil impregnations with herbs
For the most sophisticated, who enjoy the constant search for something more, there are several recipes for oil infusions. They are made from different types medicinal herbs and roots:
- Peppermint oil. Pre-dried mint must be grinded well. Powder from dry leaves should be about 100g. Pour it into a glass bottle, add 0.5 l of linseed oil, seal and shake thoroughly. Leave to infuse for about 2 weeks. Remember to shake the infusion every day. Filter the resulting mint impregnation through cheesecloth.
- Dandelion root oil, or angelica root oil. The cooking procedure is the same as in the first version with mint, but in this case the roots of the plants are finely chopped and poured in a ratio of 1 part root to 5 parts oil.
- Collection of seven roots. This oil infusion is good for the strong concentration of tannins contained in the roots of plants. These substances remain in the oil, and when the wood is impregnated, they perfectly strengthen its upper layers. We take in equal proportions the roots of burdock, dandelion, elecampane, saber, meadowsweet, comfrey. The infusion process is exactly the same.
If you want to play a little with color, you can try different food vegetable oils... For example, pumpkin and sea buckthorn oils give a beautiful golden hue to wood products.
How to oil a wood product
It is better to take flaxseed oil freshly pressed and from trusted sellers, if the technology is not followed, flaxseed oil can have a bitter taste and not a very pleasant smell.
The best solution would be to heat the oil in a water bath. To do this, place a container with oil in a pot with a larger volume of water and put on fire. It is not necessary to bring the oil to a boil, it is enough to heat it to a temperature of 60-65 C. When heated, the density of the oil decreases, and it is much better absorbed into the wood.
We dip a wooden spoon in warm oil and wait until all oxygen bubbles gradually come out of the product. We take it out, wipe it with a dry napkin and lay it out to dry in the sun. Sunlight accelerates the polymerization of the oil. V linseed oil this process takes place at a natural level, in contrast to the vegetable one, to which a desiccant is added. A spoon or spatula dried in this way acquires a very high water resistance, and will serve you for more than one year.
Impregnation with mastic
Before treating wooden utensils with mastic, make sure that the products are well dried. The mastic itself is obtained from a mixture of linseed oil and wax. The proportions here may be different, it all depends on the hardness of the mastic you need. For soft trees, a harder composition is needed (2 parts oil to 1 part wax), for hard rocks softer mastic (3 or 4 parts oil to 1 part wax).
Both ingredients are also cooked in a water bath until the wax is completely dissolved in the oil. After that, pour the composition into a glass container with a wide neck and let it cool. The mastic is ready to use.
Before polishing with mastic, it is good to soak a piece of wood twice with oil. Remember to dry the spoon after each treatment. If the wood requires it, sand it with the finest sandpaper. After that, take a piece of felt and use it to rub your product with the prepared mastic.
Wood is an affordable, environmentally friendly building material with a beautiful appearance. Modern materials(expanded clay concrete, foam concrete) have recently become often used for the construction of walls and partitions, but their popularity in construction small houses while losing to wood.
However, being organic material, wood is too hygroscopic, it is a wonderful breeding ground for mold and microorganisms. Therefore, using this material worth to draw Special attention to protect it from external factors.
Causes of rotting wood
The development of molds is the main factor that destroys wood. The development of mold (decay) occurs under certain conditions:
- air humidity 80–100%;
- moisture content of the material is higher than 15%;
- temperature below 50 and above 0 С 0
Additional causes of rotting can be material freezing, air stagnation, contact with the soil.
Factors favorable for the decay process are quite common. Therefore, you need to know how to process wood in order to protect it from mold.
Drying wood
You should start with preventive measures. The wood must be dry to prevent mold growth. There are four methods for drying timber or boards:
- Natural drying in dry rooms with good ventilation. This is the longest method (drying time is up to 1 year).
- Drying in the chamber with superheated steam, hot air. This is a more expensive but quick and effective method.
- Waxing. The wood is immersed in liquid paraffin and placed in an oven for several hours.
- Steaming in linseed oil. It is used for small wooden products. The wood is immersed in oil, boiled over low heat.
Protection of wooden elements from moisture
Modern waterproofing allows protecting the timber from capillary moisture. Protects the structure from atmospheric moisture quality roof and the application of special paints and coatings.
Thermal and vapor barrier provides protection against condensation accumulation. The heat-insulating layer is placed closer to the outer surface, and between it and wooden wall have a vapor barrier. Beams roofing elements protect from rain and snow with waterproofing films.
Wooden houses and structures should be located above ground level, on the foundation. For effective protection from water, it is worth taking care of the presence of a blind area, effective drainage system. Great importance for the biostability of a wooden building, it has the ability to naturally dry the walls. Therefore, you should not plant trees near wooden structures.
What to do if the timber began to rot
Rotting strongly impairs the physical parameters of the tree. Its density drops by 2–3 times, and its strength by 20–30 times. It is impossible to restore rotten wood. Therefore, the element affected by rot should be replaced.
If there is a slight mold infestation, you can try to stop the process. For this, the rotten area is completely removed (with the capture of a part of healthy wood). The removed part is replaced with steel reinforcing rods, which should enter deep enough into the healthy part of the element. After reinforcement, the area is putty with epoxy or acrylic filler.
This is a laborious and complex procedure, after which it is not always possible to achieve the same structural strength. The problem is easier to prevent, for which the wood is treated against decay.
Tree protection with folk remedies
The problem of protection from decay has been relevant since the time when wood was first used as a material. For a long time, many effective folk recipes successfully used to this day:
- Coating wooden structures silicate glue.
- Treatment of walls and soil (up to 50 cm depth) with a solution of potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid. 5% solutions of acid and potassium dichromate are mixed 1: 1.
- Processing with vinegar and soda. The affected areas are sprinkled with baking soda and sprayed with vinegar from a spray bottle.
- Wood processing with 1% copper sulfate solution.
- Hot resin impregnation. Highly effective method for processing logs, fence stakes, benches in contact with the soil.
- Use of boric acid salt. Mixed 50 g boric acid and 1 kg of salt per liter of water should be treated several times, with an interval of 2 hours, on the wood.
All of these methods are only suitable for healthy wood or when the tree has small lesions.
Modern methods of fighting decay
There are two ways to reliably protect the tree: conservation and antiseptic treatment.
When preserving, a product with a long-term toxic effect is applied to the timber or board. For this, the wood is soaked in cold or hot baths, or the preservative penetrates into it using diffusion or autoclave impregnation. The method is applicable only in the factory.
Antiseptic treatment involves self-impregnation of the material by applying chemical substances spray gun or roller. The antiseptic agent must be selected in accordance with the operating conditions of the wooden structure. For example, water and white spirit-based impregnations are safe and inexpensive, but wash off easily. Therefore, for elements that come into contact with moisture or soil, only water-repellent antiseptics are suitable.
Classification of antiseptics
When choosing a tool to process a timber, it is worth understanding the main categories and types of protective compounds. There are three categories of wood preservatives: paints, varnishes, antiseptics.
Paints perform both protective and aesthetic functions. For internal works it is better to choose water-based paints, and for outdoor ones - based on an organic solvent.
Varnishes form protective film on the surface without changing its appearance. For outdoor use, varnishes with fungicides that kill mold, prevent cracking and discoloration of the tree are used.
Antiseptics work well when mold has already infected the tree. There are 5 types of them:
- Water soluble. Odorless, non-toxic, dry quickly. They are made on the basis of fluorides, silicofluorides of a mixture of boric acid, borax or zinc chloride. Not recommended for surfaces that are often in contact with moisture.
- Water repellent. Differ more deep penetration into the tree. Suitable for processing structures of baths, cellars and basements.
- On organic solvents... Allowed for use in external and internal works. Forms a thick film that dries up to 12 hours.
- Oil. Form thick durable coating insoluble in water. However, they should only be used with dry wood. When applied to damp wood, oil antiseptics do not interfere with the growth of fungal spores inside the material.
- Combined. Suitable for any wood, additionally have anti-flammability properties.
How to apply a protective coating to wood
Applying antiseptics, varnishes and paints is not difficult. However, carrying out such work requires compliance with certain rules.
- Wear gloves, face shield and goggles before handling.
- Clean the painted surface with a scraper from dirt, grease, old paint.
- Clean the board or timber with an old brush or emery.
- Wash the surface with water and detergent.
- Wait until the wood is completely dry.
- Read the instructions for how to apply the product.
- Start processing wooden structures from ends, cuts, damaged areas.
- If it is necessary to apply several layers of coating, pause 2-3 hours between each application.
What you need to know about mold protection
The protective composition should be selected based on the characteristics of the operation of the protected surface. Only hard-to-remove coatings are suitable for outdoor use. Such products will reliably protect wood for 30 years.
For wet rooms(basements, baths) are necessary special means able to withstand sharp drops temperature.
A change in the color of a tree, the appearance of chips and cracks is a signal that urgently needs to be updated protective covering. It is recommended to alternate antiseptic compositions without re-treating the tree with the same composition..
Wood is a soft but durable material loved by many for building houses in their summer cottages. Even if the building is built of bricks or foam blocks, logs, beams or boards are used to build a bath, garage, gazebo, veranda. You can't do without wooden decor - a well, benches, swings, bridges. Fences and fences are also made of wood. To avoid the rapid destruction of the material, it is necessary to effectively protect the wood from external factors: excessive moisture, fire, pests.
If the moisture content of the material exceeds 15%, the structure of the wood begins to deteriorate: swell, exfoliate, and then shrink. As a result, the products change their shape, cracks and gaps appear. Almost all wooden elements are affected by high humidity except, perhaps, sisal and rattan, since they are native to the tropics.
The experiment showed that water does not penetrate into the pores of a bar treated with a water-repellent composition, while it is quickly absorbed into unprotected wood.
There are special solutions with which wood is protected from moisture. They are divided into two groups:
- penetrating;
- film-forming.
The first group provides a more reliable barrier against the penetration of liquid into the structure of the tree. The process of treatment with compounds of the second group should be repeated over time. Consider two remedies for high humidity.
Aidol Langzeit-Lasur is a medium-viscosity impregnating compound, excellent for covering walls of a house, country furniture, balcony and terrace railings, hedges. Azure is so safe that it can be used to cover children's toys and buildings. It has many decorative shades: silver gray, teak, ebony, dark oak.
If wood is treated with Aidol Langzeit-Lasur conifers, initially it should be primed. This rule also applies to products damaged by fungus or mold.
Belinka Interier Sauna contains acrylic resins, water and additives. It is a colorless glaze, ideal for woodworking in baths or saunas. Apply two layers of the solution with a roller, brush or spray.
Belinka Interier Sauna does not mask the natural texture of wood, but only makes it silky and shiny. A 2.5 liter can of azure costs 950-1000 rubles
Ways to protect against decay
Temperature drops, precipitation, solar radiation lead to untimely wood decay. The first signs of decay are the appearance of mold and mildew. Large foci in area indicate that the material can no longer be saved. If wooden crafts or buildings I am experiencing atmospheric troubles, high humidity from precipitation and condensation, it will not be superfluous to carry out preventive work that will protect the wood from decay.
The best helpers in this matter are antiseptics, which are pastes or liquid solutions. Some of them are universal, that is, they protect the material not only from moldy fungi, but also from beetles. Examples of such formulations are two popular agents.
PINOTEX IMPRA is used for processing wooden surfaces, which are not subject to further decoration. Usually these are beams, roof slings, details of the sheathing, that is, hidden parts of buildings. The impregnation has green color... On the wood covered with it, the appearance of mold, blue, fungus and rot is excluded.
Antiseptic Pinotex Imra goes on sale in large containers. Product price: 3 l - 1100 rubles, 10 l - 3350 rubles
Senezh Ecobio is used both as an independent coating and as a primer for varnish or paint. 2-3 layers of the product protect the wood from decay for 30 years.
If the wooden surface was originally treated with varnish, paint, drying oil or other water-repellent agents, SENEZH ECOBIO is useless.
Fire retardants - reliable fire protection
To protect wood from fire, there are fire-resistant solutions - fire retardants. They are mandatory for residential buildings. Under the influence of the flame, the substance with which the wood is impregnated turns into a thin film that can impede the flame for some time. The coatings are of various types:
- solutions;
- plaster;
- paints;
- coatings.
Sample of fire retardant - NEOMID 530, impregnation for external and internal use. The guaranteed service life is 7 years. Reliably protects against fire wooden walls, ceilings, door and window blocks, partitions. The composition of the fire retardant does not change the structure of the wood. On top of the fire retardant solution, varnishes, paints, primers can be applied.
It should be borne in mind that when applying the fire retardant NEOMID 530, a slight toning of the material occurs, depending on the type of wood, therefore, it is recommended to test before starting work
Pirilax is a biopyrene that protects wood from fire and localizes fires. The prefix bio means that the product is at the same time a barrier to the appearance of mold and insects. The solution provides effective protection inside and outside the building, safe for processing buildings for poultry and livestock.
Pirilax for external use is not washed out by precipitation for 13-15 years. Indoors, it provides protection for 25 years
No chance for insects!
Tiny beetles can turn to dust wooden furniture, walls and floors of the house. Grinder beetles, longhorn beetles and weevils, along with their larvae, slowly but surely destroy the untreated construction material... Only protection of wood from harmful insects will save the situation.
It is much easier and cheaper to take preventive measures than to replace damaged logs and beams. Insecticidal solutions will drive out pests that have already settled from shelters and block the path of newcomers. Can apply folk remedies- a solution of tar in turpentine, chlorophos, paraffin or a mixture of kerosene and carbolic acid. But formulations for professional treatment are more effective.
Aqua-varnish Bor impregnates the surface of the wood, protecting it from any negative manifestations from the outside, including from beetles. They cover the window and door blocks, skirting boards, stairs, railings, fences, wooden walls of houses. Transparent impregnation does not distort the texture of the wood, it only changes its color to the desired one. The varnish can be diluted with water, but its percentage should not exceed 10%.
The number of layers of Aqua varnish applied depends on the location wooden elements: indoors, two are enough, outside - at least three
Antiseptic Tonetex serves both for the protection of wooden surfaces and for decoration. Its composition emphasizes the texture of the wood without changing its properties. The range of various shades allows you to give ordinary wood the color of one of the valuable wood species.
Tonotex is one of the universal compounds that are used for wood processing on the territory suburban area: it will protect against atmospheric troubles and biological threats
Integrated protection of residential buildings
If you compare country house, built in the middle of the last century, and modern country cottage then you can see a big difference. It concerns the appearance of wood. The old houses had practically no additional protection, therefore, after a few years, the logs became porous, gray, covered with cracks and small holes. Now, thanks to the comprehensive processing of all wooden parts and structures, the appearance of houses does not change over time.
Construction supermarkets offer a wide range of wood preservatives: both available domestic and more expensive foreign production
Various impregnations, solutions, glazes, varnishes and paints contain substances that protect wood from insects, rapid wear and decay. Using protective compounds when building a house, you can make it really impregnable, reliable and safe.