What does shift work mean?- such a question arises for those who first encountered work in shift mode. From our article you will learn how to draw up such a schedule, about its types and the procedure for calculating wages in case of shift work.
Labor Code on shift work
If the company works on a shift schedule, the employer must take into account the nuances provided for by labor legislation.
Shift work of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Article 103) is allowed to apply :
- if the duration of the production process is longer than the permissible duration of daily work;
- for the efficient use of equipment, increasing the volume of products (works, services).
Usually, intra-company local acts and labor contracts establish the duration of the work shift of workers and the order of their alternation with intervals for rest.
To understand the nuances of drafting documents that determine the mode of work and rest of workers, the materials of our website will help:
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For the correct organization of shift work, shift schedules are drawn up in compliance with the following conditions:
- the schedule may include work in several shifts (2, 3 or more);
- work for 2 shifts in a row is prohibited;
- when drawing up the schedule, the employer will have to take into account the opinion of the trade union body (if there is one in the company);
- it is necessary to familiarize employees with the shift schedule at least 1 month before its implementation.
Types of shift schedules
Depending on the technology of the company for different positions, shift schedules with different durations and a combination of working periods of time with periods of rest can be established.
For example, for workers in such a specific area as railway transport, schedules can be developed with the following parameters:
- day and night shifts, rest after night work and a day off, followed by a new work shift;
- 2 working days of 11 hours each (without work at night) alternate with two consecutive days of rest;
- work shifts are combined with rest in the following combination: a working day after three days of rest.
The first form of shift work is typical for operators, station attendants, car inspectors and repairmen, rolling stock repairmen and other workers who provide round-the-clock reception, admission and handling of rolling stock.
The specifics of the activities of workers in the second group does not require round-the-clock presence at workplaces, however, it does not allow any breaks in daytime work shifts. These workers include dispatchers for the accounting of cars requiring uncoupling repair, and other similar positions.
Working in the "three days later" mode is typical for the security service of premises and territory. How to calculate the shift schedule for this category of workers, we will consider further.
Calculation of the shift work schedule
- establish a summarized accounting of working hours (Article 104 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
- separate day and night work in the schedule;
- take into account the legally established duration of breaks for rest and eating (no more than 2 hours and no less than half an hour, Article 108 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
- personalize the accounting of the time actually worked by each employee (Article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
You can familiarize yourself with the documents used for recording the actual hours worked using the materials of our website. :
Important! When drawing up a working time schedule, it is necessary to take into account the statutory condition of 42 hours of weekly uninterrupted rest (Article 110 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
The results of calculating the parameters of the shift schedule and its results are usually drawn up in tabular form and posted for public viewing.
Important! The employee must learn about the parameters of the shift schedule at least 1 month before its implementation. The obligation for such familiarization lies with the employer (Article 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
Remuneration for work with a shift schedule: nuances
The calculation of wages in shift work has its own characteristics compared to similar calculations in the mode of a 5-day working week with days off at its end.
With a shift schedule, the usual days off for everyone (Saturday and Sunday) can be working according to the schedule, and the rest of the shift worker will fall on the period of working days.
The calculation of the wages of a shift worker is specific in that the number of working hours according to the schedule may differ from the norm in the direction of increase (planned overtime work) or form a planned deficiency.
Important! When using the summarized accounting of working hours, the annual number of overtime hours cannot exceed 120 (Article 99 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
To avoid errors in salary calculations during shift work, it is necessary to reconcile the following indicators at the end of the accounting period established by the company:
- hours actually worked by the employee;
- the number of working hours for the accounting period at the rate.
If, in comparison, the first indicator exceeds the second, it is necessary to calculate and pay for the processing.
Important! In accordance with clause 5.5 of the decree of 05/30/1985 of the State Committee for Labor of the USSR No. 162, All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions No. 12-55, processing is payable in one and a half (the first 2 hours, on average for each working day of the accounting period) and double (subsequent hours of work).
A similar approach when paying overtime was confirmed by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (Section 5 of the review, approved by the Presidium of the RF Armed Forces on February 26, 2014).
An example of calculating the salary of a shift worker in the presence of overtime will be considered in the next section.
How to calculate the salary for shift work
Let's look at an example.
The operational dispatcher has a summarized accounting of working hours with an accounting period of 1 month. Work is carried out according to the 2/2 schedule (2 working days, 11 hours after 2 days off).
According to the schedule for the month, the dispatcher worked 165 hours at a rate of 160 hours. The accountant made the following calculation (the dispatcher's hourly rate is 260 rubles):
- salary for hours worked: 165 hours × 260 rubles / hour = 42,900 rubles;
- processing hours: 165 - 160 = 5 hours;
- number of working days in the accounting period: 165 hours / 11 hours per shift = 15 days;
- calculation coefficient (average duration of overtime work per 1 working day of the accounting period): 5 hours / 15 days. = 0.33 h / day. (does not exceed 2 hours a day, which corresponds to payment of overtime hours in one and a half amount);
- the amount of additional payment for overtime work: 260 rubles / h × 5 h × (1.5 - 1) = 650 rubles;
- total salary: 42,900 + 650 = 43,550 rubles.
With the same approach, you can calculate in a different way:
- salary for the norm of hours: 160 h × 260 rubles / h = 41 600 rubles;
- surcharge for processing: 5 hours × 260 rubles / hour × 1.5 = 1,950 rubles;
- total salary: 41,600 + 1,950 = 43,550 rubles.
The choice of the calculation method does not affect the final result.
Holiday salary supplements for shift workers
With regard to the payment of holidays that fell on work shifts, the general procedure established by labor legislation applies.
Important! In accordance with Art. 153 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, work on holidays is paid at least double. Public holidays are listed in Art. 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
Following the legally defined minimum level of holiday supplements, the employer has the right to establish his own amount of such additional payments. Their maximum limit is not regulated by law. The procedure for paying for holidays, like all other important nuances of salary payments, must be reflected in the internal local act of the company (collective agreement, regulation on remuneration, etc.).
When calculating the salary of a shift worker, provided that in the billing month his work shifts coincided with public holidays, the following should be taken into account:
- if an employee takes over the shift at 8:00 on a holiday and his shift lasts 11 working hours, all hours actually worked are subject to a holiday surcharge in full;
- if part of the work shift falls on the night period (for example, from 20:00 on a public holiday until the morning of the next day), the calculation of the holiday surcharge must be made only before 24 hours of the holiday (in this case, 4 hours) - from 20:00 to 24 : 00 public holiday.
Outcomes
Shift work refers to working with flexible working hours. Labor legislation regulates the specifics of its organization, accounting and payment.
The employer needs to correctly calculate the duration of work shifts and rest breaks, draw up a shift schedule, familiarize employees with it in a timely manner, keep records of the time actually worked by employees, and then correctly calculate wages, taking into account the peculiarities of shift work.
Modern life has a special rhythm. Under these conditions, there is a need to ensure the continuous operation of a number of enterprises and industries, where devices need round-the-clock supervision. This is not a complete list of areas where work is carried out without interruption. To ensure such a regime, a special work schedule is introduced 2 through 2 shifts. It not only increases the efficiency in the operation of the main units, but also ensures high production volumes.
Shift Schedule Concept
To understand how this is a work schedule 2 2, it is enough to understand what a shift mode is. It presupposes a specific schedule through which the smooth operation of the enterprise is achieved. This usually requires the organization of three brigades, although there is a four-brigade schedule.
The periods of work in such cases are selected on an individual basis on the basis of the principles formed in the current labor legislation, as well as the internal regulations of the enterprise or within the framework of a collective agreement. But even working days throughout the week in this case will be unequal in traditional views.
It is compulsory in the case of transferring the enterprise to work in shifts, several teams are formed. They will perform their duties alternately, in shifts, which guarantees that the work process will continue without interruption. In the conditions of small collectives, the option is allowed when workers take turns replacing each other, working alone. But this is permissible only for simple areas of activity, where the use of a large number of automatic equipment is not expected.
The basic rule when organizing shift work is that it is strictly forbidden for an employee to engage in work for more than one shift in a row. This is enshrined at the legislative level.
Work 2 through 2
Today, there are several options for shift work. But the most in demand in practice is the work schedule 2 in case a person works for two days, and then he has two days off.
The peculiarity of this mode of work is that the working day in this case lasts more than eight hours prescribed for a five-day working week. In addition, you have to go to work, both on weekends and on weekends. Even if a person on a shift schedule goes to work on holidays, such work is paid in a standard one-time amount without additional payments. Despite the fact that the duration of the shift can be up to 10 or even 12 hours, this is not considered overwork, therefore, the employee is not entitled to additional payments in this case.
There is no overtime within the shift schedule. All these features and nuances are reflected in the employment contract. In some cases, companies prefer to draw up additional agreements to this effect.
The legislative framework
Features of the work schedule 2 2 and how to organize it - all this is indicated in the current labor legislation. At the same time, the right to regulate the schedules of employees and their formation remains with the management of the organization. It is important not to exceed the current labor standards - an employee must work no more than 167 hours per week, as with the standard 40 hours.
The duration of each shift is established by the management of the enterprise. But some categories of employees are entitled to reduced work shifts.
Despite the fact that the management independently sets the duration of each shift, it cannot be 24 hours.
Which organizations work on a shift schedule?
A shift schedule in any of its variations, including two working days, two days off, is typical for any organizations and enterprises where work is required around the clock. First of all, these are:
- Services providing emergency assistance and responding to emergencies are firefighters and police, doctors, rescuers. The help of representatives of these professions may be required at any time of the day or night, and it is impossible to hesitate. Therefore, they cannot do without shift work.
- Enterprises and production, which are not expected to stop work. Often, equipment has not been shut down for several years or even decades.
- Enterprises representing the service sector - restaurants and hotels, information and security services, as well as many catering establishments.
- Transport service. First of all, this applies to airports and train stations, where even a minute hitch is unacceptable.
- Many trade organizations - while some offer their services to customers around the clock, others may have a longer working day.
This is not a complete list of organizations where such a work schedule can be introduced. Moreover, you can switch to shift work at any time if such a need arises.
Features of changeable schedules
To understand how this is a work schedule 2 2, you need to know all its features that relate to work processes. They may vary depending on the specifics of production and its subtleties. But in any case, the work is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the labor code.
It is permissible to introduce shift work for a certain period or on a permanent basis. The main thing is that there is sufficient rest with a 12-hour shift, and also that the permissible number of working hours during the week and calendar month is not exceeded.
In addition, the graphs should cover a certain period of time - a quarter or a month. In the course of drafting them, they consult with the trade union.
The duration of each shift may vary depending on production requirements. But the day off should always be strictly according to the schedule.
Anyone who works on shifts also has standard leave and paid sick leave under applicable law.
Work schedules
When an organization sets a shift schedule for its employees, it becomes necessary to draw up a document that reflects it. It must contain information such as:
- the duration of each shift;
- days off, duration of rest between shifts;
- number of work shifts;
- the sequence of work of employees in production;
- breaks during each shift for rest and eating.
Separately, the procedure for actions required to be performed in case of emergency is indicated: if the shift worker, for one reason or another, does not go to work, as well as the specifics of changing work schedules at the request of the employee.
Within the framework of a two-shift work schedule (that is, day, night, dump, day off), the following types of shifts may be assumed:
- daytime;
- night (or evening, depending on production needs).
Night shift
Night shift is called such a shift, most of which falls on the night period. The time preceding it is called the evening shift. Their duration is 16 hours in total. But in most cases, a 12-hour shift is assumed, when the organization works 24 hours a day.
Usually the working day starts and ends at 8 am or evening, respectively. At the same time, the employee does not have the right to independently change the existing schedule without the consent of the administration. You can work only on your shift.
It is important to monitor the uniform alternation of the existing teams: each of them must alternately work in day and night shifts.
There are several options for organizing work. Usually, workers go out first in the day, then in the evening or immediately on the night shift. But it is possible to work in a couple of shifts - two days a day, then two days a night.
Features of work at night
For a general idea of how this is a work schedule 2 2, it is important to understand the features of both day and night shifts.
In accordance with current legislation, the night shift is considered to be that shift, the main part of which falls on the evening and night time (for example, from 20:00 to 8:00 in the morning).
In accordance with current regulations, night shifts should be one hour shorter than daytime shifts. Moreover, this time is not subject to working off. But in cases where a person is entitled to a shortened shift duration, he is not entitled to a reduction for this hour.
Some employees are not allowed to be left on night shifts. First of all, these are:
- minors;
- pregnant women and some others.
It is not permissible to hire everyone to work on the night shift. Thus, women who have children under 3 years of age, people caring for the sick, single parents, and people with disabilities can work outside daytime hours only if they express such a desire in writing.
Rationing hours
In the case of a shift schedule, extended shifts in no way violate the rights of employees if the duration of the working week does not exceed 40 hours. Usually, hours worked are not recorded weekly, but monthly. This is a more practical option.
All standards for maximum duration are reflected in production calendars.
Payment
Due to the fact that the accounting of working time with a shift schedule is carried out for long periods, usually a month, payment is calculated based on the number of shifts worked during this period.
The accounting period is the period of time for which shift work is established. It is based on current standards in the framework of labor protection.
A schedule is drawn up in such a way that each of the employees of the organization has the opportunity to work out the required number of hours. In addition, it takes into account the planned annual leave of employees.
The average working month is 167 hours. If there is overtime work, it is paid additionally. In cases where the employee does not have time to work the prescribed hours, the payment for them is deducted.
When working on weekends, as well as on holidays, an increase in wages is not provided due to the peculiarities of such a schedule.
Finally
Each organization has the right to choose a shift work schedule for employees, including options 2 through 2 or others. The main thing is to adhere to the standards of working hours and clearly maintain the required documentation.
Also, do not forget that with a shift schedule, the physical load on people increases, which over time can affect their health. For this reason, it is important to alternate night shifts with daytime shifts so that the person works as little time as possible at night.
Last year, the employer suggested that I switch to a schedule two after two, so that the days off in our organization would also turn out to be workers, and the process of work itself would not stop. At first, it was difficult for me to readjust after the usual five-day working week to this option.
But after a couple of weeks, I adapted, and I really liked this schedule. Only working days in a month have become only 15, together with the standard 21. And for this reason, the salary has also changed downward. Therefore, I decided to refuse such an offer. A similar shift schedule can be found in many organizations, and today I will tell you about it in detail.
Shift work
Each employer has the right to independently choose the type of work schedule for their employees, depending on the goals of the enterprise and the tasks set. The shift schedule is most often used in cases where the production process goes beyond the standard 8 hours of work, and the work shift is 10 or more hours.
For example, such a schedule can be found in security companies, in the provision of emergency medical services, in retail sales. In all these cases, the workflow itself does not imply that the company has days off. Also, in most of these cases, there is a need for round-the-clock work.
To ensure that the organization runs smoothly, it is necessary to organize the schedule in such a way that employees work in shifts. And the most comfortable schedule is usually 2 days after 2 days. But it is important to consider that the duration of the shift should not exceed 12 hours. Although in the case of nurses, this rule often does not apply, and they are on duty all day long.
It means 2 shift workers for a certain number of hours, and then 2 days off, which are given to a person to recuperate.
A shift schedule is not always presented 2 through 2, in addition to it, there may be other options:
- 2 day shifts when employees share daytime and nighttime;
- 4 brigades, when there is an alternation of night shifts with day shifts, as well as weekends with working days;
- 72 hours, in this case, the whole workflow looks like this: the employee works 2 shifts a day, then rests for 2 days, then works 2 shifts in the evening and rests 1 day, then goes to work 2 shifts per night and has 3 days off.
Such schedules make it possible to work within a month for 10-15 days, while in a typical five-day week, employees work 21 days. But the amount of working time can be the same, since the shift itself will not be standard 8 hours, but for example 12. Then 15 days of 12 hours will amount to 180 working hours per month. And the five-day schedule consists of 21 days of 8 hours, which is only 168 hours.
Features of the schedule
The main nuance here is that a person goes out to work on official weekends if the shift falls on him. And all his work is paid as standard as on a regular working day, even if he has to work on a holiday. In addition, the following nuances can be distinguished:
- The increased number of hours does not count as overwork despite the fact that with a 12-hour shift, the employee works much longer.
- There is no overtime here, since all work is carried out within the shift. If there is such a need in the company for an employee to work overtime, an additional agreement is signed with him about this.
- If the shift is 12 hours, then it is necessary to comply with the number of days off during the week and month. The total number of working hours per month should not exceed 167 hours.
- The schedule is always drawn up for a certain period. It can be understood as a month or a quarter. In its preparation, representatives of the trade union may participate. In small enterprises, some employees can draw up it on their own, based on internal agreements.
- The duration of the shift may differ from organization to organization, but the set day off should come on time. In addition, all employees are entitled to a standard annual leave of 28 days, unless they have certain benefits that add extra days.
Many people keep track of working days, and initially they like that they can rest not the standard 9-10 days a month, but 15 days or even more. But if you carry out the actual calculation of working hours, then in most cases it turns out that a person works much more. And the salary may actually be paid less per month. Therefore, it is extremely important to independently calculate the cost of a working hour in order to determine the profitability of such a schedule.
You can find out in more detail about this from the presented video.
Salary
It can be calculated based on various options for accounting for hours worked. There are several ways:
- Daily... In this case, payment is made on a daily basis, regardless of how many hours the shift of each employee was. Therefore, all hours recycled will not be counted. But if an employee leaves an extra day for work, he will be fully paid.
- Weekly... In this case, accounting is kept for weeks, and the work itself is carried out in shifts in accordance with the schedule. And since there are only 7 days in a week, then with a 2/2 schedule, it may turn out that one employee actually works 4 days, and the other 3 days. But next week it will be the other way around.
- Summarized... This method takes into account multiple periods, such as a quarter, month, or week. This method is usually typical for enterprises with a special nature of work. An employee may be regularly required to overwork or work overtime, but the employer regulates the total number of hours worked over a given period. And his income is equal to the rest of the employees during this period, or he receives a material supplement for more hours worked.
The general formula that is used to calculate the salary for such a schedule is as follows:
ZP = Rate * T
That is, the employer must set a certain rate for a specific time worked. This can be a fixed-time shift, a work day, or a work week or month. And depending on the number of hours worked, a total calculation is carried out. The greatest difficulty is usually the end of the period when all processed shifts, days, hours are calculated.
You also need to know that night shifts are always characterized by increased complexity for a person. And if the production process implies their mandatory presence, then the surcharge for them should be at least 20%. This value is provided by law and cannot be reduced by the head of the enterprise at his own discretion.
The following factors usually affect the amount of additional payments for night hours worked:
- the minimum allowable value is 20%;
- premium rate, which is developed by the organization itself and recorded in the local acts of the enterprise;
- duration of work in the period from 22 to 06.
If you are just thinking about a possible transition to such a schedule as an employee, be sure to calculate how many hours per month you will actually have to work, and calculate the cost of each hour. Because at first it seems to many that such work is much easier than a five-day week, but as a result it turns out that the number of hours worked is much higher, and the payment for them is lower.
Also, before signing the agreement, be sure to familiarize yourself with the established work schedule in this company. It must necessarily contain such nuances as:
- duration each shifts;
- number of days off, which should be after the shift, or in a certain calendar period;
- total number of shifts per month or other period;
- priority of employees and their number;
- set number of breaks and their duration throughout the shift.
After analyzing these conditions, you can definitely determine the proposed conditions, and decide how much they suit you.
23.05.2018
The sphere of activity of some institutions has features in which it is possible to ensure the smooth operation of an enterprise only by establishing a shift schedule.
The use of such a regime will improve the efficiency of the operation of technical equipment and ensure the smooth operation of the company.
How should the salaries of the personnel be calculated?
Definition
The shift work schedule is carrying out professional activities in 2 or more shifts... The definition of this concept is present in Article 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
In accordance with the information specified in the regulation, this technology is used in cases where the general working hours exceed the norm.
The peculiarities of the labor process and the technology for calculating wages must be reflected in the collective and labor agreement.
A shift schedule can be of several types:
- day and night shifts. After work at night, the employee is given a day to rest and another day off;
- shift, consisting of 2 working days (two after two). The duration of each of them is 11 hours. Night work is not provided;
- three days later. During the day, the employee performs his job duties. At the end of 24 working hours, he is given a weekend, which lasts 3 days.
The first type is most often used in organizations whose work does not imply production interruptions. These include various factories, plants and other enterprises of a similar type.
The second type of shift schedule is used in cases where there is no need to work at night. At the same time, it must be ensured that there is no break in work shifts.
Dispatchers, salespeople, administrators, etc. often work on this schedule. During the day, mainly employees of security companies and the Ministry of Emergency Situations work.
How to calculate your salary?
When calculating wages for shift workers, rules are applied that are unusual for a 5-day work week.
In this case, Saturday and Sunday can be considered both days off and working days.
With a shift technique, the total number of hours worked may be greater than the maximum permissible value.
In this situation, a planned overwork is formed, for which you need to calculate the salary in an increased amount.
It is important to consider - when using the number of hours worked overtime, should not exceed 120... This rule is governed by Article 120 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
To avoid misunderstandings and irregularities in payroll calculations at the end of the accounting period established in the company the following indicators must be verified:
- the number of hours actually worked in accordance with the work schedule;
- the number of working hours in the accounting period.
If, according to the results of calculations, the first indicator turns out to be higher than the second, the employer is obliged to recalculate, during which the employee must be paid overtime.
Example when working in shifts two after two
You can finally understand the technology of calculating wages with a shift schedule by looking at an example.
Initial data:
The dispatcher of the company “Quadra - Power Generation” works on a shift schedule - 2/2 (two after two). Each working day has 11 working hours. The hourly rate is 250 rubles. The month is used as the accounting period for calculating wages.
According to the schedule, the employee worked 165 hours during the month.
Payment:
Salary at the wage rate = 165 x 150 = 24,000.
At the same time, there was processing, the duration of which was 5 hours. To calculate the number of working days in a month, you must perform the following action:
Shifts worked = 165/11 = 15.
The resulting figure is less than 2, therefore, overtime is paid at 1.5 times.
Processing fee = 250 x 5 x (1.5 - 1) = 625.
The final amount of wages = 24000 + 625 = 24625 p.
How are weekends and holidays paid?
If the change of employee falls on a public holiday, payment for such time is carried out using the procedure established by the current legislation of the Russian Federation.
Wage rate must be increased at least 2 times.
This norm is regulated by Article 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
If the employee works on Saturday or Sunday in accordance with the shift schedule, salary calculation for these days is done in a standard way.
The only exceptions are weekends set by the state.
conclusions
The technology for applying shift work is reflected in the Labor Legislation of the Russian Federation. A feature of this technique is the high probability of the occurrence of processing.
All of them should be paid accordingly. At the same time, the amount of total annual overtime work should not exceed a certain indicator.
The specified working time device technology is used in situations where it is necessary to ensure the smooth operation of the enterprise. Almost all employees of factories and other organizations of a similar nature work in shifts.
The procedure for calculating wages when working in shifts depends on the established
Can in Excel
make a schedule of work shiftsby highlighting weekdays with cell and / or font color.
You can highlight the color of Saturday, Sunday, holidays.Samples of several graphs are shown here.
How to make a graph using formulas and conditional formatting, see the article "Timesheet in Excel".
You can make a horizontal schedule using different settings, for example, a time sheet, stages of work, etc. For this method, see the article "Gantt Chart in Excel".
Manual shift schedule template on paper (pdf). Blanc is printed on one page.
Work shift schedule template for filling on the computer download (rar). 
Here are the schedules of shifts, shifts, which are filled in automatically - this is a small program for quick scheduling of shifts in Excel.
Automatic shift schedule in Excel with a 12 hour shift (rar). When you change the data in just one cell, everything is automatically recalculated.
Automatic shift schedule in Excel for a month with a 24 hour shift (rar).
In Excel, you can make a program that will not only automatically paint over the cells of certain periods, but also count the hours in these cells. For example, you can make a timesheet that will count the number of working days in a month, sick days, on vacation, etc. Read more about such a report card in the article "