In the previous article we told about which is used with one goal only: reducing heat loss. Today we will respond to the question of how many degrees should be in the apartment according to regulatory acts. This value is governed by two legitimate documents: GOST and SNiP. Values \u200b\u200bare installed separately for each apartment room. These requirements must be performed taking into account the error in a large or smaller side. Unfortunately, both the lower and the upper possible limits are out of the range of comfortable room temperature.
What air temperature should be in the apartment - norms
In winter, the thermometer should show at least 18 degrees (+/- error).
In the question of how many degrees should be all more complicated in the apartment than it seems at first glance. On the hearing of all averaged value at least 18 degrees for the entire living area. In fact, the temperature of the air temperature is set separately for each room, depending on its purpose.
In state documents, it is clearly spelled out what should be the temperature in the apartment in the winter. The norm is determined by the two regulations:
- GOST R-51617-2000;
- Sanpin 2.1.2.2645-10.
There are two classifications in these documents: what should be the temperature in the apartment in the winter normally, and how summer. In addition, the documents give the value of the optimal and permissible temperature. Naturally, serving enterprises take as a basis permissible limits, acting within the law. In case of non-fulfillment of even these minimum indicators, you need to contact the relevant authorities so that they take action.
Often, comfortable temperatures in the apartment for some individual does not coincide with the requirements of legal acts. If you are cold, please buy . If it is too hot, then you can adjust the temperature of the radiators with the help of a thermal head, but you will pay all the same in full. To pay only the heat you used, you need to install .
We will understand what comfortable temperature in the apartment according to state regulatory documentation should be in different premises:
- the room is permissible 18-24 degrees, optimal 20-22 degrees. At -30 degrees overboard for five days minimum temperature there must be 20 degrees;
- kitchen and toilet - optimal 19-21 degrees, permissible 18-26 degrees;
- bath or combined bathroom - optimal 24-26 degrees, permissible 18-26 degrees.
The air temperature set by the standards and standards in the apartment in heating season It may vary on the permissible error. At night, no more than 3 degrees are allowed, as well as an increase in the maximum of 4 degrees at any time of the day.
A decrease in temperature is associated with heat loss through cold bridges.
Separately cost norms for a common corridor, a staircase and pantry. There, the thermometer should show at least 15 degrees. In the standards, comfortable temperatures in the apartment are closely related to the volume of air exchange. For residential rooms This value is set at 3 m. Cube per hour per each meter square room. In the kitchen, the norm is set independently of its area and is 60 meters per hour, no less. In the bathroom with a toilet individually, the amount of supply and, accordingly, the discharge air should be 25 meters per hour. If the bathroom is combined, then the values \u200b\u200bare summed up.
The regulatory documents establish the norms of not only what temperature should be in the winter house, and in summer time. In this case, a maximum is set, which is 28 degrees. But, even in case of exceeding this value, no one can help you, only you yourself. Temperature rate in the apartment in winter time Sanpina is determined in tandem with the value of air humidity and the speed of air flow. This concerns only residential rooms in which humidity should not be above 60%, the optimal value of 30-45%. For the rest of the premises, this indicator is not normalized. The movement of air flows should not exceed 2 m / s.
Factors that affect the temperature regime
Adjusting the heating of the radiator by means of a thermal head.
We have already figured out what air temperature should be in the apartment and learned the meaning of the error in a large or smaller side. Now we will deal with how this error may be caused, that is, a decrease or temperature increase. Knowing the reasons, we will be able to answer the question of how to increase the temperature in the apartment or reduce, based on your own preferences. From which the readings of the internal thermometer depend on:
- the amount of heat loss;
- volume of batteries;
- coolant speed in the heating system;
- wiring of the heating system.
No matter how comfortable temperature in the apartment is, there will still be the one who is too cold or hot. Well, even in the apartment with central heating It is possible to adjust air heating.
Even if the communal enterprises are performed by all the conditions of the GOST, in your housing it can still be cold due to high heat loss.
So, you need to exclude them as much as possible to the temperature in the apartment in winter Was within the normal range. You probably noticed how many people now are insulated with foam outdoor walls, thereby reducing heat loss. By the way, the first step should be the replacement of old windows on modern energy-saving double-glazed windows.
From the type of radiators and their volume, it also depends on what (optimal or not) will be the temperature in the apartment. Naturally, the more battery, the warmer. At the same time, it is impossible to increase the number of sections to the amount of sections, as the stability of the entire system depends on this. An increase in the volume of heat exchangers may entail a decrease and speed of the coolant. What is it fraught with? When the battery pressure drops, it can be warm only partially, or be completely cold. Achieve optimal temperature Air in the apartment will not work in this case.
Reduced pressure entails and dropping the coolant speed. The slower he moves, the more he will be able to confuse heat until it comes to you. Accordingly, about the optimal temperature in the apartment in the winter you can only dream, as in the case of an incorrect distribution of the contour. Not only that errors can be made in as well as their assembly, you can still incorrect batteries. Resulting in , and the bottom is hot.
How to raise or lower the temperature in the apartment
The ball valve overlaps to feed.
How many degrees should be in the house? According to GOST in the room, the lower limit, taking into account the night error, is 15 degrees. The enemy does not wish such comfort. Naturally, it is useless to complain about this case, because the requirements of the standard are performed, so people begin to independently adjust the temperatures in their housing. When it is cold, everything is actively insulating, the windows change and close the slit. In extreme cases, you can enable
But what to do, if the normal temperature in the apartment in the winter is 28 degrees, which is quite real. The maximum allowable value of 24 degrees plus registered in GOST error in 4 degrees.
If there are thermal heads on the batteries, then there are no problems, just need to install required value and that's it.
And what to do if they are not? Living with an open window is not comfortable, since the cold air is very pulling along the floor. If there are children, then this option is excluded, and on adults, this state of things clearly does not improve.
What other options are:
- a little block the faucet before the battery;
- set .
Broken ball valve in front of the radiator, you will reduce the amount of water supplied. Do this not recommended, but when it is very necessary, it is necessary. Just keep in mind that in this mode, the shut-off valves will last much less. The air recuperator allows you to create the necessary circulation of air, while the trim air enters the room already heated.
Comfortable temperature in the apartment in winter
We found out that the optimal temperature in the winter house according to GOST and SNU is 20-22 degrees. At the same time, permissible frames from 18 to 26 degrees, depending on the target destination of the room. For kitchen, bathroom and room rooms are different. Deviation from table values \u200b\u200bis 3 degrees in a smaller side and 4 degrees in most side. No matter how regrettable, but by law, if you have only 15 degrees of heat, then communal enterprise You can not have any complaints. The same if you have in the apartment in the winter, as in Tashkent on the street in summer (+30). Rescue drowning - the work of the hands of the drowning.
Quite often audits complaints: "Houses cold! Why should we pay for barely warm batteries? What should be the temperature in the apartment in winter? " Let's figure it out with these questions and find out, in what cases to compete with a complaint with the ZHEK, and in what - no.
Heating season
For each trifle in Russia there are special regulations. Our legislators and climate inside the dwellings did not pay attention. They clearly installed, what temperature should be in the apartment of the average resident of the country. The law states that the period when the premises begin to heating centrally, it comes when the temperature is at the wrong time outside the "Plus Eight" mark. Similarly, the heating season ends. Again, short frosts in the explosion of the hives do not oblige anything.
But how to be if the heating season began, and in the house still cold? Residents can write a statement in the hob. However, the concepts of "cold" and "hot" are very subjective. In order not to be unfounded in your complaint, you need to measure the temperature to the thermometer and bring clear figures of the indicators. Thus, the law met the minimum standards for different rooms: in residential corner room It must be +20, in the kitchen - +18, and in the bathroom, where we have to be undressed in dogol - and all +25.
There are also clearly defined standards on this issue. Harium water should be served year-round in the cranes: not lower than + 50 and not higher (to avoid burns) + 70 degrees. In the heating season, such water should fill and batteries. How to check whether hot water is supplied in your home as the norm requires? Open the faucet, substitute the glass with a thermometer. A deviation is allowed to 4 degrees, but only in the direction of increasing.
Elimination of the problem
Perhaps the hob is not to blame for anything, and you just "deluge" batteries. The tenant in this case writes a statement in Dez.
Recalculation of heating fees
If you suffer from systematic deviation of the indicators from the adopted standards (and they are determined special rules, where it is painted in detail how services are provided for which utility payments are taken), you can start the trial. As a result of Housing and utilities, either eliminates the problem with heating, or you will pay less for it. Even in the case of an accident or another emergency, it is clearly spelled out, how much time people can stay without hot water. According to the VIII section of the above rules, tenants must report in writing to the accident service (Housing and communal services, etc.), about all malfunctions, including the improper climate indoors. Commission comes with a check and makes an act, where it is indicated what temperature should be in the apartment, and what it really is. This document is also signed by the complainant themselves. If the Commission did not appear, such an act can be compiled by a tenant, who took the neighbors as witnesses. The recalculation of the board is set to the entire "Ice period" - while the breakdown will not be eliminated, and in your home will not be warmth.
What external factors affect employee performance? A similar question must be defined by any head seeking to take care of his subordinates and increase the monthly revenue. Unfortunately, the very obvious features often remain unnoticed. So, for example, in the enterprises of both small and large, the norms of temperature in the workplace are often ignored. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the fact that not every employee will be able to fully work, freezing or tormented from the unbearable heat.
Who regulates the weather at work?
Are there official documents regulating such indicators? Yes, there are. These are the standards of SanPiN in terms of workplace. The regulations presented in them apply to all companies and all employees (regardless of the size of the firm and its state affiliation).
All information in the standards can be divided into two main blocks: Temperature recommendations for the various categories of employees and the employer's responsibility for their violation. Among other things, the air temperature rate in the workplace is regulated by the 212th article of the Labor Code of our country, which states that the employer is obligatory obligatory to provide favorable conditions And the regime for labor, as well as the rest of its employees.
How to protect yourself in the workplace?
What can the employee do if the temperature in the workplace is above the norm? If a person is aware of real risks for his health in such a situation, it is quite possible to temporarily refuse to fulfill its official duties. To do this, it is necessary to make official written statement And transfer it to the upstream leadership.
The document should contain information that the implementation of the prisoners provided labor contract Work threatens with certain risks. It will be useful to refer to the 379th article TC, which contains information about the legality of such intentions. If the paper is drawn up by all the rules, the employee will not only lose but will prevent all existing rights. However, one should not overdo it in its desire to rest from work, it is likely that the authorities will offer you alternatives.
How to circumvent the law without his violation?
Your loopholes and bypass exist with the leadership. The thing is that Sanmpin in his documentation indicates such a thing as "time of stay", and not "working day duration". Simply put, the employer is not always obliged to let the employee home early with uncomfortable to comply with the law. It can take the following measures:
- Organize an additional break in the middle of the working day indoors with more acceptable conditions for recreation.
- Translate workers to another room that meets the requirements.
In the summer workplace in summer
Of course, more than all the temperature rate in the workplace is worried about office staff, and with which this trend is difficult to say difficult. It is necessary to note the fact that managers, secretaries and other employees of intellectual labor refer to the category of workers with minor physical exertion. It is believed that the normal temperature should fluctuate in the range from 22.2 to 26.4 (20-28) heat degrees. Any deviation from the established numbers should lead to a reduction in working day time. The decrease scheme is as follows:
- 28 degrees - 8 hours;
- 28.5 degrees - 7 hours;
- 29 degrees - 6 hours and so on.
According to the algorithm, the deadline for performing labor duties in the office is reduced to a temperature of 32.5 degrees above zero. With such source data, no more than one hour is allowed. With the work given and it is necessary to cancel or transfer to another room.
Temperature in winter
It should be noted that employees in the workplace may suffer not only from the stuff and heat, but also from the cold (such situations are even more dangerous, but it is much less common). What is the minimum permissible temperature rate in the workplace? To begin with, we will discuss the algorithm of the day in cool conditions for office staff. The number of working hours for them begins to shrink from 20 degrees according to the following scheme:
- 19 degrees - 7-hour;
- 18 degrees - 6-hour;
- 17 degrees - 5-hour and so on.
The final mark of 13 degrees of heat involves the work of an office employee in unheated room Within one hour, with lower performance indicators, it is required to cancel at all.
It should be noted that the above rules apply exclusively on production and office premises, the requirements also exist for social objects, but they differ slightly. For example, the recommended temperature for the polyclinic is about 20-22 degrees.
Classification of all professions
Sanpine standards on the workplace temperature are different for each employee category. There are three main categories in total, two are also divided into additional subgroups:
- 1a. Energy costs up to 139 watts. Insignificant exercise stress, Performance of employment duties in a sitting position.
- 1b. Energy costs from 140 to 174 W. Minor physical stress when performing duties that can be carried out both sitting and standing.
- 2a. Energy consumption from 175 W to 232 watts. Moderate physical tension, the need for regular walking, cargo movement weighing up to 1 kg in the sitting position.
- 2b. Energy consumption 233-290 W. Active, but moderate physical activity, consisting in constant walking and moving goods weighing up to 10 kilograms.
- 3. Energy consumption from 290 W. Intensive load requiring significant forces and returns. It is walking, carrying large loads.
It should not be assumed that the higher the category of the employee, the checketymeter should be observed the temperature norms in the workplace in the summer and in the winter season. In fact, the law requires protecting every person very carefully. Moreover, people engaged in active physical labor are much easier to carry out coolness, as they have the opportunity to warm up from their efforts.
Where to seek help?
What to do in the event that the temperature norms in the workplace are violated, and the management continues to force employees to work? With this situation, the time leaving abroad in the law can be recycled. And processing, as you know, should be paid in a double size.
Where can I complain about the fact that the temperature norms in the workplace are episodically or regularly violated? Any institution officially engaged in this issue, unfortunately, no. However, if necessary, all its complaints regarding the unsatisfactory organization of conditions in the workplace, employees can send to local labor inspectionwhich will be able to fix the complaint and initiate the proceedings on it.
In addition to its wishes for organizing a comfortable temperature in the workplace in your company, it is possible to send to Rospotrebnadzor, they will also help you solve controversial situation with an employer.
The amount of punishment and its types
What kind of punishment may run the unlucky employer? The simplest is an ordinary penalty, the size of which can vary in the range from 10 to 20 thousand rubles. Much more terrible for any organization temporary suspension of its activities that can last up to 90 days. To avoid punishment, it is necessary to either improve the existing conditions or an employee to the norm necessary in this case.
How to eliminate violations?
How can you achieve the required temperature rate in the workplace in the summer? Perhaps the only one effective way decisions this issue is the installation modern air conditioners, as well as maintaining the current ventilation system on high level. No open windows and drafts will help create comfortable conditions in the heat, but only provide distillation of heated air from the room to the room. Another disadvantage of such a method is the high risks of colds among persons in the room.
As for the need to increase the air temperature, the use of the central heating system is most appropriate.
You love cool air and completely imagined their relatives of constant drafts and open windows, Or vice versa, are you a thermal-loving person and torment them with exhausting heat? Let's figure out what temperature is most comfortable and optimal for your home.
Air temperature in the apartment
The air temperature in the apartment is one of of essential factors microclimate. In different climatic belts Optimal temperature parameters are different. So for the hot climate is 17-19 0s, for moderate from 18 to 20 ° C and in cold conditions 20-22 0s. Discovers and poor well-being can be observed at a temperature of 24 ° C and more.
But, of course, the optimal temperature regime is the one in which the inhabitants of the residential premises feel comfortable.
According to SNiP minimal permissible value Temperatures in the heating season in the apartment is threshold at 18 0s. Most of People experience temperature comfort at temperatures in 21-25 degrees Celsius. But for different groups of the population, this indicator fluctuates. So studies have shown that for women and children, the optimal air temperature in the room is at the level of 23-25 \u200b\u200b0, and for the male population - 21-23 0s.
Hygienist specialists together with psychologists have developed their simple rules and conditions at which the temperature in the residential premises approaches the most comfortable conditions. According to their calculations, the normal air temperature in the house must be within 18-24 degrees Celsius. It is this heat temperature that will ensure the most acceptable for the human body. 
Temperature in the apartment for different rooms
Sanitary norms They advise adhere to the following temperature modes.
The concept of the temperature of the temperature drops horizontally and vertically in residential buildings is very important. Navigating around the apartment, a person should not feel the difference in temperatures. This is possible if the temperature fluctuations horizontally are within 2-3 0s.
How to measure the temperature in the room
In this case, the temperature in the room is measured on inner wall At a distance of 1m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the floor.
Standards are valid only after the heating season. Before him - no standards - fuck as you can!
Hot water temperature in the apartment
And the temperature of hot water should be year-round- not lower than +50 and not higher than +70 degrees (according to san standards and rules SNiP 2.08-01-89 "Residential buildings"). It is measured by an open crane, immersing the thermometer into a glass under the jet of water.
The temperature in the apartment does not comply with the standards: what to do?
If the temperature in the apartment in the heating season does not comply with the standards,you can write a statement to your designer with a request for checking. To do this, usually comes the technician-caretaker or engineer of the local dish. After checking the batteries or plumbing system Act in two copies, one of which remains at the owner of the apartment. If complaints are confirmed, the public utilities undertake to fix everything on time from 1 to 7 days.
At work, a person conducts the prevailing part of the day for a long period of his life, therefore, the requirements regulate the hygiene indicators of the microclimate of the premises where people work are working. It is especially important to observe them in the office, where employees are mainly mental labor, for which relative hypodynamine is characterized, and therefore negative consequences incorrect mode Even more aggravated.
We study the requirements of the law to the temperature regime in office space, as well as the responsibility of the employer for their violation.
The importance of office microclimate
Temperature regime is very effect on the well-being and performance of people. Increased or reduced air temperature, acting on the employee, long, does not just have negative impact On health, but also sharply reduces the productivity of labor. Office staff perform the most various actionsMost of which are associated with long-term finding in the same position, as a rule, sitting and larger:
- work at the computer;
- paperwork;
- communicate with customers;
- make decisions, etc.
Mental work and bodily facilities are poorly adjacent to the uncomfortable temperature indoor. Researchers experienced emphasized that deviations even within one degree influence the effectiveness office workIt makes sense to even reduce the working day if it is impossible to ensure the proper microclimate.
IMPORTANT! Providing due temperature mode The office is the legislative responsibility of the employer, regardless of the form of property and the level of subordination of the organization.
Comfort or optimum
Any office worker wants work to be carried out in a comfortable environment. But the concept of comfort is too subjective, because it is tied to individual sensations of each concrete personAnd they have all different. What is acceptable for one may be unpleasant for another. It is for this reason that " comfortable conditions"Not used in official documentation and regulations.
Instead of the subjective term "Comfort" in professional vocabulary A more accurate and certain parameter "Optimal conditions" is used. As for the optimal air temperature, this is a value determined by complex physiological studies and calculations that take into account the average human needs.
NOTE! Requirements for optimal temperature conditions relate to the field of legislation, which is fixed in relevant regulatory documents.
Sanpine guarding the health of employees
Sanitary standards Russian Federation Collected in a special code, which determines the optimal hygienic and health standards for different areas of human life, including employment. This documentation relating to medical and technical Sheems, and at the same time legislative, so mandatory for implementation.
Abbreviation "Sanpin" decrypts as Sanitary rules And norms ", it is somewhat consonant with snow-building standards and rules, but they should not be confused, these are documents from different workers.
REFERENCE! The document regulating the optimal conditions in the workplace is called SanPine 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for microclimate production premises" It provides regulations for labor protection for employees of offices (in the text of the law they are classified as the category A) Category A category A) and workers in production. These rules and norms are adopted within Federal Law No. 52 "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" of March 30, 1999.
The obligation to comply with employers the requirements of Sanpina is supported by Art. 209 and Art. 212. Labor Code The Russian Federation, which refers to the responsibility in strict observance by employers' labor protection rules and timely events of sanitary and hygienic, medical and prophylactic, rehabilitation and other nature. Art. 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prescribes employers a set of measures to ensure optimal working microclimate.
Seasonal temperature requirements in the office
In cold and warm seasons, the optimal temperature is achieved in different ways. Accordingly, the requirements for the microclimate will differ, as well as the activities provided for by Sanpin in case of impossibility of ensuring the temperature regime or its serious disorders.
To not be too hot
The prolonged effect of increased temperature is especially detrimental to the health and health of employees. In a closed work room, it can be exacerbated by the large cluster of the people, the presence of working office equipment, as well as compliance with the special dress code.
In this regard, legislatively established optimal values Temperatures and permissible maximum in the hot period of the year. For office workers They make up 23-25 \u200b\u200b° C with a relative humidity of 40-60%. It is allowed to increase temperatures up to 28 ° C.
Over the summer temperature in the office
If the thermometer bar inside the office is rejected from the optimum by more than 2 ° C, it becomes much more difficult to work. The employer will have to put air conditioner for employees and provide it normal work And timely service.
If this is not done for some reason, the employee should not be badly tolerated the exhausting heat, and trying to meet professional requirements. Sanitary standards allow employees with a complete basis to reduce the standard eight-hour working day, which is calculated by the temperature requirements:
- 29 ° С allow you to work 6 hours instead of 8;
- 30 ° C enable two-hour reduction;
- each subsequent degree exceeding the norm reduces the requirements for working time for another 1 hour;
- if the thermometer value reached 32.5 ° C, you can not linger at work longer than 1 hour.
FOR YOUR INFORMATION! Many employees point out the negative impact of the air conditioner, comparable in harm with heat and stuff. The same requirements of SanPine, along with temperature and humidity, limit the speed of air in the room, which should not go beyond the range of 0.1-0.3 m / s. It follows that the employee should not be under the jet of the air conditioner.
Cold - enemy work
In too cold premises, no work argues, especially office, when the body cannot warm up the movement. If for some categories of production workers permissible temperature decrease ambient Up to 15 ° C, and then short-term, for "white collar" it is unacceptable.
AT cold period The indoors of the indoors should be respected by a comfortable temperature value - 22-24 ° C. Permissible oscillations of the norm to 1-2 ° C, and briefly during the working day, the thermometer can "jump" by 3-4 ° C.
What to do if the office is cold
The staff should spend at work all 8 hours only if the temperature does not fall below 20 ° C. Each next step towards the cold legitimately reduces the duration of stay in the insufficiently heated room:
- 19 ° С Get the opportunity of a semi-hour working day;
- 18 ° C - 6 hours of work, and further descending;
- 13 ° С allow you to stay in the office no more than an hour.
Features of temperature measurements
Since the duration of work depends on the temperature component, the oscillations of which only 1 ° C so strongly affect the efficiency of the work, it is necessary to observe the accuracy of measurements.
With unscrupulous terms, employers or employees may arise temptation to overestimate or reduce the true meaning of temperature indicators. Errors are also possible with inaccurate devices and incorrect placement.
To avoid complications with the determination of air temperature, legislative norms We bind to place the thermometer at a distance of exactly 1 meter from the floor.
Liability of the employer for non-compliance with the requirements of the office microclimate
If the bosses do not want to fulfill his staff responsibilities optimal conditions For work, for example, it does not establish the air conditioner necessary in the hot time or the heater in the cold season, employees should not tolerate his arbitrariness from fear of dismissal. After appealing to the sanitary and epidemiological service, the organization will comprehend check, and if the claims are confirmed, not to avoid administrative responsibility.
In addition to the inevitable requirements to eliminate violations, a serious penalty in the amount of 10-12 thousand rubles will record a negligible employer in the amount of 10-12 thousand rubles. And if it does not fix it in time, then its activities can stop for 3 months (Art. 6.3. Administrative Code of the Russian Federation).