Bathroom and toilet are rooms, in the process of arranging which, first of all, you need to think about organizing intensive air exchange. This is due to the specifics of the operation of the hygienic premises. Polluted and waterlogged air should be freely removed, and a fresh portion should be supplied to replace it.
We will tell you how ventilation in the bathroom and toilet should be arranged according to building codes and regulations. In the article presented by us, the options for organizing ventilation that have been tested in practice are analyzed in detail. Independent DIYers will find detailed assembly instructions here.
The opinion that the absence of a ventilation shaft in the bathroom and toilet will only lead to fogging of the mirrors is fundamentally wrong. The main problem is the appearance of fungus (most often it can be seen at the seams between tiles) and rust on the surface of appliances and furniture.
Often, it is due to an incorrectly designed ventilation system that corrosion affects the working parts of the washing machine, which is the reason for its breakdown. This is not the end of the list of problems caused by the lack of intensive air exchange. As a result, poor ventilation will have a detrimental effect on the health of residents.
Sanitary requirements and standards
There are special norms that must be adhered to when organizing forced air exchange in rooms with high humidity indicators. At a minimum, it is necessary to provide an inflow of fresh air in the amount of 6-7 m 3 / hour for each cubic meter of the bathroom and about 8-10 m 3 / hour for a toilet or a combined bathroom.
The difference between natural ventilation and forced
There is natural and forced ventilation. In the first case, air exchange is provided due to the circulation of air masses through door and window openings. About a century ago, natural ventilation was considered the most effective method.
Today, it is unable to provide a sufficient level of air exchange, therefore it is used only for inflow. To fully ventilate the room, they choose the option with duress. After all, no one wants to open a window for a long time in winter and release heat.
The organization of forced ventilation implies the installation of an exhaust fan. Thanks to this, you can preserve precious heat, remove excess moisture and fill the room with fresh and clean air in a matter of minutes.
The main reason why it is worth installing forced ventilation is precisely sized doorways and the tightness of modern double-glazed windows. Such perfectionism, keeping warm, makes it impossible for any natural air exchange.
Calculation of optimal performance
Before going to the store and buying equipment for installing forced ventilation in the toilet and bathroom, you need to do some calculations. To select the equipment that is optimal in terms of performance, you need to know the exact volume and type of room.
Each room has its own air exchange rate. This characteristic shows how many times the air in the room must be completely renewed per unit of time (usually one hour is taken). Since the bathroom and toilet are considered one of the wettest places in any apartment or house, a maximum air exchange rate of 10 is recommended.
If the fan cannot be placed in the optimal place for organizing intensive air exchange, then its power must be multiplied 2-3 times
And also you should immediately provide openings for air intake. To do this, you can leave a gap of up to 2 cm between the floor and the door, install special grilles at the bottom of the doors to the bathroom and toilet, or drill the holes yourself. But the last option does not look the most attractive way.
Exhaust fan classification
When planning the arrangement of the ventilation system, special attention should be paid to the principle of its operation and its individual components. After all, performance, equipment noise level, installation cost and durability depend on this.
For forced evacuation of exhaust air from the room, three types of fans are used:
- diametrical;
- axial;
- radial.
The first type of devices is designed to work in heat guns and air conditioning systems. Therefore, it is not suitable for organizing ventilation in the bathroom and toilet. It remains to choose from the other two types.
The main difference between axial models and radial ones is their low cost and high power. But at the same time, the device will make a lot of noise. An axial fan is an impeller to which the blades are attached. The system is driven by an electric motor.
As for the radial units, their functioning is based on the action of centrifugal force. Due to the rotation of the impeller, the air masses are moved together with the blades.
In this case, the inclination of the blades can be changed, due to which the amount of energy consumed by the device is reduced and the level of noise emitted by it decreases. The article recommended by us will acquaint you with popular models intended for installation in bathrooms.
To prevent air from the ventilation shaft from returning to the room, it is recommended to buy devices with a non-return valve. Such devices are indispensable in modern apartments.
The main criteria for choosing equipment
Manufacturers offer just a huge assortment. Therefore, it is not surprising that every unprepared customer falls into a stupor and does not even suspect that it is better for him to order.
When buying a hood for a bathroom and toilet, you need to pay attention to the following points:
- Duct diameter... Depending on this characteristic, a fan branch pipe is selected. Typically, standard models have a diameter of 150, 125 or 100 mm.
- Presence / absence of air ducts, as well as their location in the room. These criteria influence where the fan will be installed.
- Power... The characteristic is important when choosing, so that in the future the exhaust equipment can cope with the functions assigned to it.
- Availability of moisture protection... This indicator is marked with the Latin letters IP. The minimum required value for a plumbing unit is IP30, but it is better to spend a little money and order a device with IP44. In the latter case, it will be located in a special sealed casing, protected from moisture and splashes.
- Noise level... Few people pay due attention to this important characteristic, but in vain. After all, a silent exhaust system will make being in the bathroom and toilet more comfortable.
Given these subtleties, you can choose a model that will be inexpensive and will satisfy all your wishes.
Typically, the complete set of the fan includes the device itself and four dowels, which will be needed for its installation. In most cases, a cardboard box is used to package the device.
Additional equipment functions
An excellent solution would be to order a fan with additional functions. Most often, buyers prefer models with a built-in timer.
In this case, the user can leave the factory settings or program the operation of the device independently, changing the operating time, turn-on delay, etc. Thanks to this, the process of ventilation of the toilet and bathroom can be automated.
Devices with a built-in timer are quite expensive. Therefore, their choice should be treated with full responsibility. Products from the Maico company have proven themselves best. This manufacturer offers a number of models that are equipped not only with a timer, but also with other additional functions.
Fans with base load switching can help save energy. That is, the unit can work in two modes: half of its power and at full, when it is necessary to update the air in the room in the shortest possible time. Thanks to this function, the noise of the ventilation system is significantly reduced and energy is saved.
A good solution would be to buy a device with a clock or backlight. These additional features will make showering or bathing more convenient and comfortable.
Any specialist will give preference to a device with a built-in humidity sensor. Its peculiarity is that it is turned on only by a signal from the built-in hygrometer. Thanks to this function, electricity is saved and there is no need to output a separate electric point for the fan or connect the device to a light switch.
System components and materials
Today, ventilation is assembled from a round or rectangular section. They are usually made of metal or plastic. These elements are mounted behind a false ceiling.
If we are talking about bathrooms and toilets in a small apartment, then in such housing the ventilation duct is a hole in the wall where the fan is inserted. In this case, there is no point and no need to design a complex, branched system.
As for private houses, ventilation for them is constructed from the following elements:
- Air ducts... It is much more convenient to install rectangular ducts. They fit compactly under the ceiling and do not take up unnecessary space. These are pipes, the length of which can be 2, 1 and 0.5 m.
- Fan... An overhead or built-in device is used. The latter is best used in branched and complex systems. Overhead models are recommended for ventilation of one room.
- Swivel knees... In the case of rectangular pipes, the bends can be vertical and horizontal.
- Couplings... These elements are used to connect straight sections of the ventilation system.
- Check valves... They are designed to keep air and insects out of the mine.
During the installation process, you will also need fasteners. It is much more convenient to use ready-made elements. They will greatly simplify the installation process and speed up the work.
But if you need to save money, then the fastening elements can be made independently.
In the event of an error in the design or insufficiently effective operation of the ventilation system in the bathroom and toilet of a private house, the problem can be eliminated by installing it into the wall. The features of the choice of the specified device and the installation rules are given in the article, the content of which we advise you to familiarize yourself with.
Installation of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet
Before starting installation work, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work. First of all, you need to compare the diameter of the drafting system with the size of the shaft.
If the ventilation hole turns out to be large, then a plastic pipe or corrugation is inserted into it. In this case, the voids should be sealed with polyurethane foam. If the entrance to the ventilation shaft is smaller, then it can be expanded using a hammer drill.
Determining the installation location
For forced ventilation to be as effective as possible, it is not enough just to purchase powerful equipment. It is equally important to choose the right place for installation.
Since it is designed to remove hot humid air, the best solution would be to install it in the upper part of the wall, which is located opposite the door.
It is also important to organize the flow into the room - it is necessary to build in a special grill in the lower part of the door or leave the usual gap under the door (a more economical way). These options will allow fresh air to flow from the living area to the bathroom.
Diagnostics of the condition of the ventilation duct
If you are thinking about altering a bathroom or toilet, then before starting any work, you should carry out the methods available to the owners.
First of all, the draft is checked, for which a sheet of plain paper, a lighted match or a lighter is leaning against the mine. If the paper sticks to the ventilation grill and the flame tilts towards the duct, then this is a good sign.
To improve traction, it is recommended to check if the ventilation duct is blocked by debris left after inept repairs or for some other reason. After cleaning, check the draft with the door open and closed.
Choosing a device connection diagram
If we consider a standard apartment in a new building, then in the vast majority of cases, natural ventilation is not enough to remove all excess moisture from the bathroom. The only exception is a private house, which has a window in the toilet.
But when arranging forced ventilation, the question is: how long should the exhaust device work? Often apartment owners. This means that the device will be able to work exactly as long as a person will be in the bathroom. This may not be enough.
The second method is based on connecting the fan to a separate switch. But in this case, the user will forget to turn on / off the device. Therefore, a suitable solution would be to install a fan with a humidity sensor. Such devices work autonomously and remove excess moisture from the bathroom without human intervention.
Due to the convenience and energy savings, the most popular method is when the fan is connected to a light switch. But this method is not very efficient.
Fan installation details
Before proceeding with the arrangement of the ventilation system, it is imperative that you familiarize yourself with the instructions that come with the devices. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the insert describes the entire installation process in detail. This will greatly simplify and speed up your work.
The most time consuming stage is the installation and connection of the fan.
- Remove the front cover.
- Apply polymer glue, silicone, or liquid nails to areas where the fan is adjacent to the wall. All of the above mounting methods are perfect, since exhaust devices are most often made of plastic and, accordingly, are lightweight. Therefore, liquid nails will suffice.
- Insert the fan in such a way that its working part (electric motor and impeller) is completely “recessed” in the wall.
- Press down firmly on the unit body so that the adhesive has time to set.
- Install a mosquito net. This element will prevent various insects and debris from entering the room from the ventilation duct.
- Fasten the front cover using self-tapping screws or dowels that come with the kit.
The final stage is cable laying and connection of the ventilation system to the electrical network.
The whole installation process is quite simple, but if there are any problems or difficulties, then it is better to entrust this work to professionals.
Forced ventilation significantly increases the amount of air removed from the room. But since the front cover covers a considerable part of the channel, when the device is turned off, the flow rate decreases several times. Because of this, its performance drops significantly.
The above problem is solved by installing an air intake grille. This will help restore normal performance. The second method is to leave a small gap (1-3 cm) between the front cover and the wall. Air will be sucked into the resulting gap and ventilation will work in normal mode.
When connecting the ventilation system to the electrical network, you must adhere to safety rules. First of all, you need to make sure that the wires are de-energized. In addition, to connect them, it is better to use not "twists", but terminal blocks
Common installation mistakes
If an inexperienced master is engaged in arranging the ventilation system, then situations often arise when, after the end of the work, its performance does not satisfy the wishes of the residents or it does not differ in efficiency.
The reason for this is to make mistakes during installation. To avoid the appearance of elementary problems, you need to know some of the nuances.
Most often, such errors are encountered when arranging a ventilation system:
- the channel is designed incorrectly, which significantly impedes the movement of air;
- fans make a lot of noise during operation;
- the tightness of the shaft connection is broken;
- the ventilation system passes through the dwelling and its noise interferes with the normal life of the family.
If the design was done incorrectly, then the problems listed above will certainly appear. At the same time, in order to correct them, it is often necessary to completely redo the ventilation system.
In some cases, a strong hum during fan operation is a clear sign of improper installation and an error called “alignment”. This problem is solved by dismantling the device and re-installing it, but already with strict adherence to the technology
You can go the easy way. For example, noise absorbers are recommended to reduce noise. As for increasing ventilation performance, for this you will have to install a new, more powerful exhaust device and check the quality of the arrangement of air flow into the bathroom and toilet.
People who are first faced with the organization of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet will find it useful to read the advice from experienced craftsmen. First of all, they recommend ensuring a normal flow of fresh air into the room. Otherwise, the operation of the exhaust fan will be meaningless.
It is not at all necessary to buy expensive and bulky systems. Spending fabulous sums is not always the best solution. It is enough to correctly and competently select the devices, then even cheap models will perfectly cope with the ventilation of the room.
Choosing a fan, in no case should you save on quality. After all, the health of each family member depends on this, as well as the service life of the device. It is better to spend money once, but order a device that will faithfully serve for decades
If the house has an air conditioner, an ionizer, a purifier, and similar devices, then it is still necessary to install ventilation. After all, none of the devices listed above provides fresh air flow into living quarters.
Exhaust system operating rules
In order for the equipment to serve as long as possible, it is necessary to regularly carry out preventive work. After all, dust and dirt accumulate on the fan blades over time. This does not allow the device to operate at its maximum capacity and provide decent air exchange. Moreover, if cleaning is not carried out in a timely manner, the device may fail.
Installation of a forced ventilation system allows you to solve the problem of airing premises, which is urgent for modern houses and apartments. In bathrooms and toilets, the window is rarely installed, so the only correct and reasonable solution would be to provide intensive air exchange artificially by installing a fan in the system.
Each bathroom is characterized by an increased level of humidity. In order to prevent such a phenomenon as the formation of mold or mildew, it is worth checking the health of the ventilation system or installing additional equipment. Very often, many people have the question of how to make ventilation in the toilet with their own hands.
Checking the ventilation is simple: the sheet of paper attached to the ventilation hole should not fall.
In order to prevent mold from forming on surfaces, there are several options for dealing with it:
- insulate all surfaces - this method will prevent the formation of condensation;
- a very effective method is a forced ventilation device.
Cleaning natural ventilation
Use a brush with a long flexible handle to clean the ventilation from dust and debris.
If the natural ventilation system in the toilet does not work well, it is worth unclogging the ducts. To do this, it is worth eliminating all accumulated dust and cobwebs from the channel. To carry out this procedure, you should use a brush with a long flexible handle.
Air duct cleaning professionals may use a more hazardous cleaning option that uses a gas cartridge with a flammable liquid. This method involves burning off the dust. It is strictly forbidden to carry out such a procedure on your own, without experience, it is better to entrust everything to specialists.
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Forced ventilation
In order for high-quality air exchange to take place in the toilet, it is worth making ventilation that will work automatically. This is very important so that air with heavy odors and vapors does not penetrate the living quarters. The forced one must be equipped with its own exhaust duct. The owner will be presented with a choice of ceiling and wall ventilation systems.
Diagram of the general ventilation device in the bathroom and toilet.
For the toilet, it is worth choosing a supply and exhaust system as a forced ventilation. Such a system will regularly circulate air in the room. In addition, it does not imply the cutting of an additional ventilation duct, which can subsequently disrupt the strength and reliability of the wall.
The ventilation in the toilet, built with your own hands, is quite simple, the main thing is to understand all the nuances. The need to make ventilation often arises at a time when natural ventilation does not perform its main functions well.
This problem is especially manifested in the summer, this is due to the fact that the temperature outside and inside the room is almost the same, and the Bernoulli effect does not work. Also, the deterioration in the work of natural ventilation is due to the fact that plastic windows are installed in apartments and houses, which hermetically close the premises and prevent the penetration of fresh air. Also, doors that close tightly prevent air from entering the toilet room. This problem is especially evident on the upper floors of high-rise buildings, where the temperature outside in summer is much higher than indoors. This problem is less noticeable on the lower floors, where the temperature difference remains even at minimal levels.
Alternatively, an automatic exhaust system can be installed, in which case the air will be forced out of the room to the outside. But it should be borne in mind that due to the lack of air in the room, the maximum efficiency of such a system will not be achieved.
The best option is to make ventilation in the supply and exhaust type toilet.
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What may be required in the process of work
Diagram for connecting the fan to the light switch.
In order to make ventilation in the toilet with your own hands, it is worth purchasing all the necessary tools and materials. Everything you need can be bought in a special section of the hardware store. It is worth buying everything at once, having previously drawn up a plan according to which the forced ventilation system will be mounted.
Examples of materials for creating forced ventilation:
- tin boxes - today they are presented in various forms;
- plastic boxes;
- flexible air ducts, which are made in the form of a flexible aluminum pipe;
- corrugated plastic pipes;
- flexible plastic air ducts;
- fans;
- recuperators.
In order to carry out the installation work on the installation of the ventilation system, it is worth preparing the necessary inventory:
- tape measure and pencil for marking;
- hacksaw and scissors;
- construction knife;
- hammer for driving in dowels;
- drill and screwdriver;
- screwdriver with different attachments;
- fasteners - dowels, screws, self-tapping screws.
In the winter season, it is very important to equip the ventilation system with supply valves.
Circuitry for switching on the fan from a light switch with a timer.
This element is a regular hole in the wall with a branch pipe with one or two leaves. The flaps can be positioned manually or in an automated way. For maximum comfort, such an opening is located behind the convector or heating radiator.
This arrangement increases traction and simultaneously warms up the air. This will allow the ventilation system to be used without additional fans. One valve is enough to ensure normal air exchange in one room. In order to protect the room from the penetration of debris, it is worth installing a grate.
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The use of recuperators in the ventilation system
For the toilet, the best option would be to equip the system with a special fan, which will significantly improve the performance of the entire system. This is especially necessary for the summer period. Modern technologies go ahead, and one of the modern elements that can be equipped with a ventilation system is a recuperator. This device will circulate air regardless of the weather outside. In order to install a supply and ventilation system, you must:
Diagram of an air handling unit with a heat recuperator and supply air filtration.
- 4 holes, which are connected in pairs with special accessories "street - room", "room - street";
- the main essence of the system is that clean air is taken directly from the street and enters the premises, and the exhaust air is removed outside;
- recuperators are equipped with special filters that remove dust from the incoming air;
- recuperators work automatically or using a control system.
At the time of planning the interior and finishing work in the bathroom, you need to pay attention to a very serious issue, this normally functioning ventilation device... Well-arranged ventilation in the bathroom and toilet performs not only the role of the main air exchange, but also guarantees the supply of fresh air into the room.
With the help of a well-equipped ventilation system, the nasty stench and excess moisture are eliminated from the bathroom and toilet. Therefore, due to a well-thought-out and clearly installed system of proper ventilation, the owners, in whose apartment such an air hood is installed, should not worry about the appearance of various mold and odors of dampness.
Ventilation system.
The building codes prescribed in the reference books clearly establish the necessary standards that must be followed in order to achieve a good result when ventilating bathrooms with a high concentration of humid air.
According to the norms, ventilation ensures the flow of fresh condensate in the amount of 25 cubic meters per hour for bath and toilet rooms, and for rooms with combined bathrooms, the rate will be 50 cubic meters per hour. These are the average standards for ventilation systems. Sometimes such rates may be recommended to be increased to 150 cubic meters per hour.
Depending on the type of air ventilation, ventilation can be divided into natural and coercive system ... In the first variant, the ventilation of the room is carried out due to the difference, which occurs due to the different air pressure outside and inside the room.
The air flows through doors and windows, as well as special ventilation openings in the toilet and bathroom. True, it should be noted that due to the special interior arrangement of the bathrooms, the use of a natural way of ventilating a room does not always make it possible to obtain the desired result. To arrange a natural way of ventilation in the room, you need to make an opening connecting the hole for natural ventilation in the house with the bathroom.
During the implementation of the forced or artificial method of ventilation of sanitary facilities, apply specialized fans providing an intense flow of fresh air, ensuring good air exchange.
Often, an electric fan directs air flows from the sanitary facility to the street, while fresh air enters the bathroom from the rest of the apartment.
Very often, the owners install a small one in the toilet with their own hands electric fan - an air vent, even considering that there is excellent natural ventilation in the house, this is done to speed up the cleaning of the air space in the room from disgusting odors.
If the owners fail to get good, natural ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, forced ventilation in the premises must be installed.
Types of ventilation.
Ventilation is subdivided, depending on its application, into:
- Exhaust type of ventilation installed in premises.
- Supply type of ventilation.
- Indoor mixed ventilation.
Exhaust ventilation of premises , described by us earlier - this is when fresh air enters the room through external sources, squeezing out the old air mass due to the pressure difference.
Supply type of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet rooms it is performed in a different way, the air mass heated from the outside is squeezed out through special vents.
During operation mixed system for air ventilation, an adjustable air mass flow is used in rooms for various purposes.
The ventilation system may or may not have a duct for ventilation of the air flow, thus it is subdivided into channel and channelless.
If possible, duct ventilation should be avoided. The best way out in this case is to slightly widen the hole in the wall, which serves as an exit to the common ventilation duct of a multi-storey building, and mount a small fan in it to extract air.
In separate toilet and bathroom, if there is only one ventilation hole with access to general ventilation in the house, another hole with a fan is made between the bathroom and the toilet.
The installation of a special ventilation duct makes sense in those places where enhanced ventilation of the room from polluted or humid air space is required.
Diagnostics of the ventilation system.
Before you improve ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, you need to very carefully familiarize yourself with its device and diagnose its condition.
How to check ventilation in the simplest way, knowing if everything is in order with 
her. For this, first of all, it is investigated air draft, you need to bring a burning match or torch to the ventilation hole. Oscillations or displacements of the flame towards the ventilation duct are proof that everything is in order with the air draft. In hot or calm weather, air draft is significantly reduced compared to windy or cool weather. It is advisable to carry out such diagnostics with both open and closed doors to the bathroom, in addition, for a better effect, you need to open a window in the apartment overlooking the street. In the event of a decrease in the supply of fresh air, it is best to install means that complement the ventilation system. Usually, in this case, to improve the ventilation process in the doors in the bathroom and toilet, special grilles are mounted, due to which the normal supply of fresh air mass is carried out with tightly closed doors.
Even if there is good air draft in the system, it is not always possible to make a conclusion about the normal functioning of ventilation. How to make the ventilation in the toilet and bathroom work properly, the solution is quite simple. To do this, it is necessary to check the operating state of the air exchange channel, which may have ceased to function normally as a result of unprofessional repair work or due to some unknown reasons. By completely eliminating various blockages and blockages in the channel, it is possible to change the operation of the air ventilation system for the better.
Fan characteristics.
By purchasing vent fan , it is imperative to assess the noise that emanates during the operation of the device. Under normal operation, the amount of noise should not exceed 35 decibels. At the same time, in the room, as a result of air circulation, fresh air must renew the room from 5 to 8 times in one hour. To calculate the operability of the device, you need the space of the room, calculated in cubic meters, multiplied by 5, and the result obtained should be increased by 20%. Fans differ in the way of installation, devices of the same type are installed in the duct itself for ventilation, there are also radial devices mounted at the outlet of the duct. Such fans have a discreet appearance, as they are hidden from the inside. Radial-type models usually have a decent look in order to fit into the overall interior of the room.
Fan models can also have a strong difference:
- Conventional axial devices , the air mass is supplied along the axis of the structure using the blades used for channelless devices.
- V diametrical devices low productivity, a drum-type wheel is used.
- Centrifugal models have an increased coefficient of efficiency in work, as well as a high level of noise.
- Centrifugal Axial Fans make less noise, but give the same effect during operation as centrifugal models of devices.
Improving ventilation in the toilet and bathroom, in some cases timers and gyrostats are mounted on the fans, with the help of which it is possible to extend the operation of the device to achieve greater results.
Devices, whose power is extremely weak, cannot effectively remove odors and moisture, but it is also not desirable to operate high-power models. Devices with high power can produce such a high-intensity air flow that the air will not come from the outside, but from various ventilation openings, in which case the musty air will again enter the room.
Ventilation system device.
If, for some reason, there is no ventilation system in the room, it is necessary to immediately ventilate the bathroom, this is not a very complicated process.
High-rise buildings are designed so that the ventilation shaft is located behind the wall of the bathroom or toilet room. It is not very difficult to mount correctly forced ventilation in the bathroom and toilet. It is necessary to make a neat vent, if it was not there, then attach an axial-type radial fan from the inside of the hole, and connect it to electricity in compliance with all norms and requirements for the operation of electrical devices in high humidity conditions.
The aesthetic vent is covered with a beautifully crafted grille. If the living area has a divided sanitary unit and the ventilation opening is located on the wall between two rooms, the second fan is installed in the same way as described above. In some cases, it is very convenient to use decorative grilles specially designed for installing fans in them.
It is much more difficult to install ventilation in the bathroom and toilet when the ventilation shaft borders on another room; in this case, the installation of a duct hood is provided. To start work on the device, you need to find a place to vent the bathroom and in the toilet. After that, you need to think over the plan for the device of the ventilation box, along it the air masses will go into the mine.
Ventilation ducts differ in the following characteristics:
- A rectangular or round box made of plastic.
- Rigid and soft boxes made of corrugated iron.
- Rectangular boxes made of ordinary or galvanized sheet metal.
Plastic products
lightweight and very easy to use with forced ventilation in the bathroom. They are much more durable than metal products, have a lower price and are easier to maintain. For this reason, plastic products are actively replacing metal products in the building materials market today. With regard to the use of corrugated products, their use is extremely rare, and this does not have any effect on the overall picture.
The box is best installed before the start of the main repair work, but the installation of electrical equipment and grilles on the vent is carried out after the main finishing. At the final stage, the installed equipment is checked.
Errors that are possible with the ventilation device.
Sometimes it happens that a newly installed forced ventilation in the bathroom malfunctions and does not meet its requirements. This is a consequence of improper installation of the device and some mistakes made at the time of installation. Even before starting installation work, you need to clearly know how to make ventilation in the bathroom and toilet.
Here are some of the common mistakes in work:
- The ventilation duct is not arranged correctly, this creates difficulties for the movement of the air flow.
- Rupture of the sealed connections of the ventilation duct.
- Fans installed incorrectly and making a lot of noise.
- The ventilation duct runs through the rooms, creating unnecessary noise with its work.
Most of these unpleasant problems can be avoided. How to make ventilation correctly, for this you need to pay attention even at the stage of drawing up and thinking through a plan for the future installation of the structure. If all this was not done, and unpleasant problems arose already during the operation of the ventilation system, in this case, a complete rework of the entire structure may be required.
Another way to make the forced ventilation function properly is to use various noise absorbers and installation of a more powerful fan .
The bathroom is a room with high humidity, and condensation often forms in the bathroom due to the high temperature of the water during bathing. To keep dry walls, floor and ceiling in the room, it is important to ventilate the room well, otherwise mold will develop, and it will be not only unpleasant, but also dangerous to be in the bathroom. Having properly arranged the ventilation system, you can save yourself from the unpleasant consequences of its absence.
Peculiarities
Any room in an apartment or house should not only be habitable, but also be used comfortably. So, if there are no windows in the living room, then the air there will be stale and stale, which will contribute to the development of pathogens, and the person who lives there will be constantly ill.
It is equally important to make sure that the toilet and shower are as comfortable as possible. The bathroom can be either combined or separate, which, in turn, implies a different ventilation device. The hood for bathroom and toilet must effectively cope with its task, providing intensive air exchange and constant temperature in the room. Ventilation is especially important in those conditions where there is a high level of humidity, because constant contact with water spoils any wall, floor or ceiling covering and causes the appearance of unwanted microorganisms on it, which adversely affect human health.
In the toilet, a hood is needed to effectively remove an unpleasant odor, which is very important for this room, especially in an apartment. No matter what room we are talking about, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for the existence of a person of any age.
You can take care of the ventilation system yourself or with the help of professionals.
Views
Based on the various configurations of premises in an apartment or house, their dimensions, there are several options for ventilation that can be installed in them. The simplest will be natural ventilation, which is laid in the process of housing construction, but if you wish, you can make it or upgrade it later. Such a system helps to move air masses, effectively renewing them indoors, while not requiring the installation of any electrical equipment.
The principle of its operation is that air ducts are installed on top of the room leading to the roof., hot air in the room rises and enters these secret paths due to the temperature difference. This principle is called convection and works quite effectively if the temperature in the room and outside is different.
When such a hood is created, it is necessary to provide for some nuances.
- The air duct must be positioned vertically. Each room in the room should have its own shaft.
- If the premises are located nearby and have a similar specificity in the form of high humidity, large temperature differences and strong odors, then they can be combined with one ventilation shaft.
- The natural type of ventilation at a neutral temperature has little draft, therefore it is advisable to make air ducts with smooth walls.
- When installing ventilation yourself, it is better to take care that there are no sharp corners that impede the passage of air and its output.
- Single-storey houses should have a wiring near the ceiling, which goes to the attic and leads to the roof.
The air that is removed from the room has a certain tension and circulation, which is called draft force.
There are several ways to check the performance of ventilation.
- Bring the match to the ventilation. If there is a movement of the flame, it means that the ventilation is working properly.
- Take a sheet of paper and bring it to the ventilation. If he sticks to it, then the thrust is good, if he falls, then the air is removed poorly. The readings will be inaccurate if the indoor and outdoor temperatures are approximately the same.
If natural ventilation does not work effectively, it is advisable to use a reinforced version. Forced ventilation assumes the presence of an electrical appliance in the form of a fan. Ceiling ventilation of this type must be equipped with a suitable device that can cope with the given amount of air masses. For such a device, it is enough to have one channel in the room through which all the polluted air will be removed from the room. To calculate the optimal power of the device, you need to multiply the volume of the room, where the length is multiplied by the width and height of the room, by the frequency of use, which varies from 5 to 10, which is dictated by the number of people living in the room and using the bath, toilet or kitchen.
With a minimum number of residents, the coefficient is five, then it increases relative to the residents of an apartment or house.
Using forced ventilators in the bathroom can be dangerous, because contact of electrical appliances with moisture can cause a short circuit. In order not to risk the performance of the device and the safety of residents, it is necessary to install moisture-resistant fans.
When choosing a fan, it is important to pay attention to various indicators.
- The presence of a humidity sensor, which itself calculates the moment to turn on, when the humidity threshold has been exceeded. This type of inclusion helps to significantly save on electricity.
- Fans with a timer allow you to set the time for switching on ventilation, so as not to waste time on this, but to actively use the room under optimal and comfortable conditions.
- With the presence of a motion sensor that activates the fan if someone is in the room.
- A device with a non-return valve that prevents contaminated air from the environment from entering the room.
Modern devices can be equipped with smart technologies that have many functions and are easy to operate. Smart ventilation allows you to achieve the desired result, even for people with disabilities. Exhaust ventilation can be autonomous and located in the ventilation shaft of the bathroom, in the kitchen window or any other place where it can remove air from the room to the street. The operation of such a device is carried out on batteries, which means there is no risk of a short circuit and a threat to humans.
Such a portable hood will be a very convenient option for those who smoke, because it will help to effectively get rid of tobacco smoke and quickly clean the air in the room.
How it works?
Thinking about installing a fan in the air duct, you need to decide on the need for this device. If the hood copes with its work, then there is no point in installing additional devices.
To understand how efficiently ventilation works, you can look at the following indicators:
- how much the windows and mirrors in the bathroom sweat during the shower;
- wet background of the room, slow drying process of towels;
- the beginning of the development of fungus in the seams of the tiles, in the corner of the room and on the ceiling.
Mold and mildew not only destroy the decoration of the premises, but also negatively affect the health of the inhabitants of an apartment or house.
It is easy to check whether the ventilation is drawing air out of the room - for this you can take a match and observe the movement of the flame. If it does not move, then the duct is clogged and needs to be cleaned. With a slight movement, a weak draft can be observed, which indicates the need to install a fan. It is important to carry out this test under optimal conditions, when cold air is blowing outside and the house is warm. It is in these conditions that there is traction and one can judge the condition of the ventilation shafts. Ventilation must cope with a given amount of air in the room, therefore it is important to choose sufficiently powerful devices.
If a forced fan is installed, its noise can be clearly heard while it is turned on. It hums quite loudly in case of incorrect editing, but if you do everything correctly, the sound will be almost inaudible. The noise threshold for the bathroom is 25 dB. Noise can also arise due to the strong power of the device and the high speed of the blades. When making a choice in favor of this or that product, it is important to pay attention to the power indicators, because exactly how they will affect the air exchange rate, and, importantly, the performance of additional functions, such as a timer or a motion sensor.
Which is better?
In order to make the right choice and install the right fan, it is important to know what exactly you need to pay attention to:
- Availability of certificates and quality assurance. The device must be safe and do its job well.
- The electrical parts of the hood must be housed in a plastic housing that protects them from moisture and steam.
- Optimal power level to quickly evacuate all the air in the room, renewing it. If the bathroom is shared, then the hood should be more powerful in order to serve two rooms at once.
- Fans of modern technologies will like fans with various sensors and a timer.
- It is important to correlate the size of the exhaust outlet with the dimensions of the fan itself, so that it enters into it, but does not dangle at the same time.
- The choice of ventilation devices is best made among the assortment of well-known brands that have established themselves in the market.
- The selection of the fan is also carried out taking into account the noise of the device, which should not be higher than 25 decibels.
- Selection of a good device for the best price.
The most favorable fan option would be a device that runs on ball bearings., which makes them quiet and maximizes its lifespan. The most convenient way to use is a fan with a motion and humidity level sensor, which turns on itself at the right time, which does not require any human intervention and provides the latter with a comfortable use of the room.
The presence of a check valve greatly facilitates the care of the room, because no debris, dust and any small particles get into it from the outside, while everything unnecessary, harmful, and foul smelling is constantly removed.
Self-production
If you need to install a fan in the bathroom with your own hands, then the easiest way is to purchase a suitable device for this, place it in the ventilation shaft, connect it to electricity and fix it to the wall. If possible, it is better to buy a fan that is equipped with a humidity sensor, which ensures that it turns on at the right time. In an apartment, special air ducts are usually provided, into which a mesh for natural ventilation or a fan for forced ventilation is mounted. If there is no such structure, then you need to do it yourself, doing it in the wall opening or in the ceiling. This is true for a private house, which was built as a summer cottage and did not imply a year-round stay.
If the bathroom has a window, this is already an opportunity for ventilation of the space., but it is much more effective to add an electrical appliance to it for quick evacuation of air and saturation of the room with freshness. In cases where there is no ventilation and even a window is not provided, the shaft outlet will be through the wall of the house along the top, in the direction of the roof. Having mounted all the structures, you need to check how well the air flows through them, and only after that mount the fan itself. In the process of work, something can clog the channel or partially clog it, therefore it is important to check the patency of both self-made air ducts and those that were provided during construction.
The selection of the fan is done according to the existing hole in the wall. If they do not match, then you will have to either expand it or tighten it. Installation is done by removing the grill and fixing all the necessary wires. You can fasten the equipment with self-tapping screws or liquid nails. When everything is ready, you need to put the grate back in place and cover the joint between the fan and the wall with a sealant.
By correctly installing the fan, you can make your stay in the bathroom comfortable and pleasant, ensuring the safety of all coatings for a person and extending their service life.
Materials and components
Ventilation for the bathroom and toilet may be ready-made and be in the wall, or it may be absent, then you need to mount it yourself. The choice of materials in this case plays an important role. Air ducts can be of different appearance, round or straight. The main material for their manufacture is steel, it can have different thicknesses depending on what temperature the air will have and how much it will move.
The main parts are the air ducts, but besides them, it is also important to use shaped parts, thanks to which turns and bends of structures are formed. For areas where the ventilation shaft runs from the outside, copper, textile and plastic parts can be used, which will not only have a high quality factor, but also a decorative effect.
A flange, band, socket or sleeve can be used to secure the air ducts. Having drawn up a plan for future ventilation and having decided on the type of fastening and future materials, you can start working. The next important step will be the selection of the fan itself and its accessories.
Each ventilation system designed to purify the air must have a filter, which can have several types:
- dry porous;
- porous wetted;
- electric.
The choice of this or that option is dictated by the amount of dust that ventilation systems must catch and hold.
Another component is a silencer, which makes the operation of the fan less noticeable and loud. Usually they are made of sheet metal in the form of two cylinders, which are separated by an absorbent material. In some cases, it is advisable to install dampers that let air in when they open and stop when they close.
By itself, a fan for a bathroom or toilet can be of four types.
- Axial. It is used in apartments and houses, has a high efficiency with a relatively simple installation.
- Centrifugal. They are used in large industrial facilities, because the ventilation capacity of this device is very powerful and can process a huge air flow, while using the same energy resource.
- Channel. Installed in the duct itself. These devices have a humidity and shutdown sensor. Most often, the device is placed in a plastic case, which makes it possible to use it in a sauna or swimming pool.
- Domestic. Serves for servicing the kitchen or bathroom in apartments. For such rooms, it is recommended to choose a device equipped with a non-return valve, which will not allow air from the toilet or kitchen to get into other rooms.
Based on the room, its dimensions and the preparation of the ventilation shaft, you can choose the right fan, and if necessary, make an air duct.
Installation process
To install the fan, certain instructions must be followed. Often on the packaging itself with the fan there are already some recommendations on how to properly install it. However, before anything can be mounted, it is necessary to check the operability of the ventilation shaft, whether it copes well with air intake and whether it completely removes it from the room. If any problems with air flow are found, the ducts should be carefully checked and cleaned.
To install the fan, the first step is to remove the decorative grill and then try on the fan for a specific duct. It is important to fix the device in the hole with a sealant or special glue, but the most reliable option would be to use self-tapping screws. Once the main fastening has been done, it is important to take care that there are no minor imperfections left. Once everything is finished, you can put the grate back in place and check the functionality of the device.
If there is no ventilation shaft in the room, then it must be organized at least at a height of two meters. It is advisable to position the outlet opposite or diagonally from the doors. This will help create the necessary air flow for active ventilation of the space. The fan performance can be selected at will. It can turn on automatically if it has appropriate devices, or you can activate it by turning on the switch of the fan itself or combined with the light in the bathroom.
The choice of the fan must be justified so that its power is sufficient for the bathroom, and the design of the lattice is selected based on the appearance of the space, in order to emphasize its style and complement it if necessary. By installing such a device, you can extend the safety of all coatings in the bathroom and ensure a comfortable and safe use of both the bath and the toilet.
If the fan is installed correctly, then there should be no problems with its operation, and it will effectively cope with the amount of air in the room intended for it. However, if mistakes were made during the installation process or the work was carried out by an unqualified master without due attention, then very soon the first problems may appear.
Before installing the fan in the shaft, it is important to check the draft in it. If it is not there or it is weak, it is advisable to clean the entire system, otherwise the problem will only get worse over time, and to clean the passages it will be necessary to dismantle the fan. When checking traction, it is important to do two tests at once - one with open doors and windows, the second with closed ones, in order to cut off access to a source of fresh air.
A combined bathroom with a toilet requires a more powerful device, therefore it is important to correctly calculate the power of the device when choosing it. Knowing the area of the entire bathroom, you can determine the type of fan. Often, more powerful units are also larger in size, because they need to pump a much larger volume of air. When choosing the size of the fan, it is important to know in advance the size of the ventilation shaft opening so that you do not have to expand it or insert something to fix it.
If over time, when you turn on the fan, problems began to appear and the device does not work, you need to check the wires and the switch, if it is a starting element. When installing the fan, it is advisable to securely fasten all the cables so that they do not unwind over time, because during operation there is a slight oscillation of the surface that can affect them, therefore, over time, the contacts will weaken and come off.
Correct height and location can guarantee optimal fan performance, and the cleaned airways will give free passage of air from the room to the outside and replace it with fresh and clean air.
When choosing a fan, it is important to pay attention to many details. If a bathroom is chosen as the installation site, then the humidity level in it will be quite high, therefore it is necessary to look for a marking with the letters IP, which speaks of additional protection of the case from moisture and is ready for humid air masses that will pass through it.
With regard to power, it is recommended not to take devices with parameters less than 100 m3 / h. To save energy, the most relevant will be models equipped with a motion sensor, which turns on the device when someone appears in the bathroom or toilet and turns it off when the object disappears. If there is a desire to use the fan only if necessary, then it is better to choose a device with a humidity sensor in the room, then the fan will start its work as soon as the level of the norm is exceeded, and will stop when the air is fresh and clean.
If you want to take a shower in a well-ventilated area, you can set a timer to automatically turn on the fan, which will turn itself off at a predetermined time by the owner himself. When choosing a fan for high-rise buildings, it is very important to check the presence of a check valve, which will block other people's debris and dirty air, not letting it into the apartment.
Only a careful selection of the device can ensure the comfort of living in an apartment or house. and the use of the bathroom and toilet in compliance with all standards of humidity, air purity and the complete absence of harmful factors that appear if such standards are not observed.
See below for the secrets of installing the hood in the bathroom and toilet.
Clean air promotes well-being and vitality. Indoors, this is ensured by ventilation and ventilation. In the toilet and bathroom freshness is needed no less than in the rest of the house. There is a built-in ventilation... Let's talk in detail
her, why she is needed, about the design, types and methods of her work.
The system is necessary not only for the supply of clean air. Thanks to it, they achieve the optimal temperature, as well as the level of humidity and oxygen.
In a small room without the possibility of ventilation, musty and specific air accumulates. Toilet freshener won't help. It hides odors, does not eliminate them. In the bathroom, ventilation is necessary to combat high humidity. After showering or bathing without well-functioning ventilation, it will take a long time for this room to bounce back.
Ventilation
Checking work
The toilet and bathroom in apartments, even with a split wall, have one air outlet to the shaft. In private homes, a different ventilation system may be provided. This is especially true if it has several floors. In simple houses, the room may have a window for ventilation. A mine type is installed in the cottages.
The function test is carried out through the technological air holes. The presence of traction is analyzed by means of a lighter or a sheet of paper, which is brought to the grate. The fire should go out or turn towards the ventilated window, and the sheet should be attracted to the hole. If this does not happen, then the system is malfunctioning.
Do you know for what reason the natural deteriorates sharply? There are several of them.
Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet
What to do?
If a problem is found, the first step is to clean the shaft. In apartment buildings, this is done by special services that serve them. The brigades have special equipment for work.
But, in the apartment, the tenant can check the available site on his own. To do this, they remove the grate and look through the visible area, helping themselves with a flashlight. Often accumulated debris or dead birds can be scooped out with a spatula or other device while in the apartment. But this must be done carefully. Do not light up the ventilation with a lighter. If there is dry debris, then a flame will instantly flare up and spread to all floors.
Bathroom door
Sometimes it is enough to depressurize the toilet or bathroom door to increase air circulation. Of course, if the matter is in a high threshold, you should not lose it, since in the event of a water spill, it will protect the rest of the dwelling from a flood. It is better to provide for special slots in the door itself. This is achieved by trimming or installing gratings.
It must be borne in mind that by installing sealed windows in the house and insulating the walls, the owners deprive themselves of natural circulation in the house... Clean air can only get inside if the vents are open. But there is another option. There is a so-called supply valve on sale. Some models cut directly into the window structure at the top of the frame. Then they are ordered when installing windows.
However, when the windows are already installed, they acquire a valve on the wall. For installation, it must be drilled through. Usually valves are placed next to windows and covered with curtains. Another good place is behind the batteries. Then the air heats up, getting into the room.
Restroom ventilation
System types
Ventilation is divided into two types:
The latter, in turn, happens:
- exhaust;
- supply;
- supply and exhaust.
For a home, a window in the bathroom will not only establish natural air circulation, but also become a source of lighting. The window between the kitchen and the bathroom serves the same purpose. It was invented to save electrical energy. It was believed that it was not necessary to turn on the light bulb during the day, since there was enough natural light.
The cheapest way to solve the problem of air exchange in the house is a ventilation hole that goes directly to the street. In this case, additional blinds for adjustment can be provided, a fan is installed to implement forced ventilation.
Previously, natural air exchange was often carried out due to drafts. This happened due to the use of not the highest quality materials, for example, a door that does not close tightly, or the use of old window frames. The use of new technologies has eliminated drafts from the premises. Now they only appear if the windows are opened on purpose.
Valves for natural ventilation
In case of disruption of the natural air exchange, a forced view will save the situation... If there is a mine that provides natural ventilation, then it is redone. In multi-storey buildings, its use is prohibited.... After all, because of this, the air exchange among the neighbors will be disrupted. Nevertheless, many do not pay attention to the bans and install forced ventilation in apartments.
In private houses and cottages, a fan can be installed in mines. But, it is better to do this during construction work.
Overhead fan is more often used... Depending on the model, it has the following functions:
It is convenient to use a channel device in the house. installed in the attic in the ventilation pipe. It serves both for toilet and bathroom. The main thing is to correctly calculate the power, taking into account the number of people living in the house and square meters.
Forced ventilation in the bathroom
Which forced ventilation system to choose?
The most common way to establish air circulation is to install a cooker hood. But in a large family, this is not enough. Then, instead of the hood, an inflow is used. In this case, air enters the room, and does not leave it. The old air is forced out by the new one, providing air exchange.
But one inflow is rarely used. Usually, for optimal ventilation, a complex system is provided, where the hood works together with the supply. The air outlet is installed at the top and the inlet at the bottom. The location should be diagonal in relation to each other. This will increase the air passage.
It is not so difficult to install forced ventilation at home. Let's see how this is done.
To reduce noise, it is advisable to additionally insert a sealant between the wall and the fan.
Ventilation
It happens that after installation, instead of being removed, air began to be sucked out of the mine. Then you will have to install another fan with a special valve that does not allow backdraft.
Do you know if the toilet and bath are separated, ventilation is also organized between them? To do this, a pipe is laid in the space behind the ceiling or two fans are installed: between the bathroom and the toilet, as well as in the exhaust hole.
Air conditioning
The most convenient, but also the most expensive device for ensuring circulation, is an air conditioner. A good and correctly installed model maintains the desired level of humidity, saturates the air with oxygen, and also deodorizes and ionizes it, supplying it in the most comfortable mode. The device is turned on and off manually or adjusted so that a certain temperature is maintained in the room. The most expensive models also provide sensors for humidity and other parameters, due to which the automation determines when to turn on the work so that the microclimate of the house remains comfortable for the residents.
Closed and outside loops
In apartment buildings, an outdoor cycle is always used, in which air comes from the external environment. However, in cottages and private houses, a closed loop is often used when it is run indoors. This keeps the house warm and saves on heating costs. To maintain cleanliness and freshness, special filters are installed.
Conclusion
This is how it works ventilation in the bathroom and toilet... Now you know how to provide clean, fresh air in these areas and make living at home more comfortable. Follow the recommendations in the article and let everything work out for you!
Installation of VENTS Silenta-S fan in a bathroom