The construction of a home-made crane will help those who are building a residential house, summer cottage or garden house themselves.
A homemade lifting crane will make it easier to mount the foundation, walls, ceilings and other structural elements.
With the help of such a jib crane, it is possible to carry loads over a distance of 3 m, raise to a height of 2 m and lower to a depth of 2.5 m. The mechanism should count on the installation of structures weighing up to 300 kg.
Rice. 1. Diagram of a crane that can be made by hand:
1 - block, 2- boom, 3 - crane trolley, 4- telescopic stand, 5 - paired corners, 6 - blocks of the boom base, 7-I-beam, 8- struts, 9- winch for moving the crane trolley, 10- cargo frame , 11 - hoist winch, 12 - electric winch drive, 13 - rack angle, 14,15 - М 16 bolts, 16 - lifting hook assembled with a block.
The crane consists of a horizontal boom-beam (the crane trolley moves along it) and vertical support legs made of steel pipes to which the horizontal beams are attached. The crane is collapsible, which allows you to move it from place to place.
Construction of crane racks.
They are made of pipes with a diameter of 140 mm. Their height can be increased up to 3 m using telescopic incoming pipes. So that the racks do not fall into the ground, corners are welded to the base. A horizontal beam is welded to the upper part of the supports - two corners x 65 x 10 mm connected together. A horizontal rail, an I-beam No. 20, measuring 200 x 100 x 5.2 mm, 3000 mm long, along which the crane trolley moves, is fastened to it from below on four bolts.
The second pair of rail supports consists of two vertical pipes connected at the top and bottom. For greater stability, two inclined supports are welded to them, connecting, in turn, the posts with a rectangular frame. The latter prevents the crane from overturning, as it serves as the basis for laying sandbags or concrete blocks.
An important feature of the jib crane is its control. Those who will build and operate it need to know: the crane has a lifting and mobile device. If necessary, any detail can be omitted below zero mark(into a foundation pit or trench). The entire system of cables and hoist blocks is driven by an electric motor. The cart is moved by a manual winch using a cable. One end of it is fixed on the trolley, then the cable goes through the block to the drum, makes five turns and, again passed through the blocks at the base and at the end of the boom, is fixed on the crane trolley.
The hook is lifted by a cable, fixed at one end on the winch and passing successively the blocks of the base, boom and crane trolley; then the cable goes down, forms a loop on which the block with the hook is suspended, and through the block of the crane trolley it is fixed at the end of the boom.
Rice. 2. Diagram of the mechanism for lifting and moving the load:
1- the block of the end of the boom, 2- the stud for fastening the cable to the crane trolley, 3-blocks of the base of the boom of the mechanism for moving the crane trolley, 4 - the cable moving the crane trolley, 5 - drum, 6 - winch of the lifting mechanism, 7 - block of the base of the boom of the lifting mechanism , 8 - mottled trolley blocks, 9 - hook block, 10 - hoisting rope fastening unit.
For the hoisting device, the drive can also be carried out with a conventional manual winch, which will provide the crane with full autonomy.
Before starting work, you should carefully check the strength of the assemblies and supports. It is not allowed to stand under the boom - this is a basic safety rule at any construction site.
We hope there will be farmers and gardeners who will build a crane to make their work easier. Maybe not like that. But similar. The main thing is that he helps in the work.
Sometimes, when working under the hoods of cars, there is a need for assistance complementary mechanisms that can help to pull out or hang out the engine, while leaving enough space in the hole under the car for access to all the parts of the car. Ideally, such a vehicle repair aid should:
- do not clutter up the garage space;
- understand the constituent elements;
- be independent of the ceiling fixed eyebolt.
It is precisely such a mechanism that a self-made crane-beam is.
DIY video for making a crane beam:
DIY garage crane construction
1. As a result of performing all the actions described below, a crane-beam will be built, which will look like this in the assembled state:
2. In the disassembled state, this tool for the garage will look like this:
The height of such a crane-beam will be 250 cm, width - 415 cm.The base of the racks will be 120 cm in size.All dimensions are designed for work with cars... If you need a crane-beam to work with more massive cars, then it is better to strengthen the structure by making A-shaped vertical posts and additionally using gussets for the rod supports; the material used will have to be larger than those given.
3. As materials for the crane beam we will use:
- a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm, which will serve as a transverse seamless bar;
- pipes with a diameter of 11 cm, which will play the role of rod supports;
- bolts M: 16 for attaching to the rod supports;
- square tube 10x10 cm, used as a stand;
- corner 10x10 cm for the base and bevels;
- rollers for the cable (you can use rollers from the drive of the elevator doors).
4. The rollers are fastened to a 5 cm strip, which is welded overlapping to the junction of the rod with the supports.
5. To ensure the mobility of the tool, rollers taken from containers used in warehouses are welded to the racks.
V folding form this item takes up very little garage space.
6. The lifting mechanism is constructed from a manual worm-gear winch with a lifting capacity of 800 kg, having steel rope, by welding it to the upright post.
Almost any construction site requires special equipment, especially a construction crane. He becomes irreplaceable assistant when it is necessary to lift heavy loads to different heights.
Most people associate this technique with enormous size, but there are many varieties of cranes that are ergonomic and compact.
Some options can even be done by hand, saving personal savings during construction. In this article, we will look at how to collect homemade crane"Pioneer" for building a house.
Construction mini crane: scope
Mini cranes enjoy in great demand... They are used when carrying out construction and renovation works. Modern manufacturers offer innovative solutions in the manufacture of their products.
Such devices are different:
- maneuverability;
- a wide range of applications;
- functionality;
- ease of use.
Due to the presence of various attachments, various manipulations can be carried out with this technique.
Mini cranes - both purchased and assembled at home, are able to work in the most hard-to-reach places: in cramped yards, on dense urban construction sites, uneven sites, inside buildings and on roofs. The compact size allows special vehicles to even drive through single or double doors.
They are often used for delicate, almost jewelry work. Manufacturers of modern technology conducted an experiment with matchbox, which needed to be moved from one place to another. At the same time, the device did not crumple or crush cardboard box such a tiny size.
The presence of a control panel at the units allows users to control the work process, standing next to the equipment near the load, but such advantages are possessed only by purchased units assembled in production.
You are unlikely to succeed in making such a device yourself. But you can try to build something similar. Of course, a do-it-yourself mini crane will not have too much functionality, but it will be able to lift loads of a certain mass to the specified height.
Simple mini - do-it-yourself crane
If you make a mini crane with your own hands, it will be able to lift loads weighing up to 250 kg. This will greatly simplify the construction process on site. He will cope with lifting logs, concrete mortar, roofing materials. With it, you can independently engage in construction without attracting a large number of workers.
The main thing in the manufacture of a mini crane: prepare a drawing, necessary tools and details. The weight of this structure can reach 300 kg. It depends on what materials you will use in the assembly. Despite the impressive weight, the mini crane will be distinguished by its compact size and high performance.
Do-it-yourself mini crane assembly consists of the following steps:
- With the help of a gearbox, a cargo winch is attached to the worm base.
- Building supports are the basis for outrigger screw systems.
- In addition to the basic design, winch drums are required to assemble the unit. Making them on your own is quite problematic. Therefore, it is recommended to purchase ready-made products.
- Rotors from an electric motor can be used as a basis.
Attention: when assembling a mini crane yourself, Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the ratio of the dimensions of the elements and the dimensions of the future device.
To make the device convenient to use, its platform can be equipped with wheels. This is where an old conveyor cart comes to the rescue.
The features of self-assembled mini cranes include:
- The optimum boom height is 5 meters. To make it yourself, you will need to use a pipe with a diameter of 8 cm.
- A profile of 2 corners is mounted on the base and a swivel mechanism is created for rotating the boom. An automobile hub from a truck is suitable as a swivel mechanism.
- No special materials are needed to build the counterweight. Ordinary bricks can act as them.
Types of hand cranes
All construction cranes are classified into:
- self-propelled;
- stationary;
- tower;
- special purpose.
This technique is equipped with a boom extension mechanism, a cargo trolley, a rotating support.
By types of movement, they are divided into:
- stationary;
- adjustable;
- self-climbing;
- mobile.
By the type of control, these devices are electric and manual (mechanical).
Lift
Modern lifts by type are divided into:
- Foot. They are capable of lifting heavy loads weighing up to 2 tons to a height of 8 meters.
- Telescopic. Their advantages include: light weight and compactness. These devices are capable of lifting loads to a working height of up to 150 kg.
They, in turn, are divided into:
- self-propelled;
- non-self-propelled.
When choosing a lift, several factors should be taken into account: their dimensions, carrying capacity, scope of application.
To make a lift on your own, prepare materials and a preliminary drawing. For its construction we need:
- a winch, which can be made from a drum and a cable;
- pipes;
- electric drive.
The advantages of construction hoists include:
- maneuverability;
- high carrying capacity;
- security;
- ease of use.
Scissor crane
The scissor crane is a simple and easy-to-use structure. Due to their versatility and functionality, these devices are used for installation and construction work. They can also often be found in supermarkets and warehouses.
With a scissor crane, tons of loads are lifted every day. This technique, in addition to the construction industry, is regularly used in the maintenance of advertising billboards, facade signs, elevators.
Their main advantages include:
- performance;
- high carrying capacity;
- compact folded size;
- wide range of applications;
- maneuverability.
Also, their advantages include autonomy - they are able to operate on batteries. In addition, the cranes can be equipped with different types drives:
- electrohydraulic;
- diesel;
- electric;
- hydraulic.
Most often, models with electric drives are used in construction. They are distinguished by affordable cost, environmental friendliness and ease of use.
There are many variations of this type of apparatus, but almost all of them consist of:
- lifting device,
- mobile platform;
- equal speed driving wheels.
To build a scissor crane yourself, you will need to make the base and platform of the apparatus from the channel. To make scissors you will need:
- two-piece distributor;
- bushings;
- pump;
- hydraulic cylinder;
- I-beams.
Scissor crane, made by hand, is capable of lifting loads weighing up to semitones. This device is installed on UAZ, and after operation it is removed. The base of the structure will be a thick square, bolted to the frame, and the retractable pores will hold onto the bumper of the car.
Crane Pioneer
The lift of the Pioneer type is distinguished by excellent technical characteristics... It is lightweight, maneuverable and mobile. The advantages of this device include the ability to quickly and easily assemble and disassemble.
To deliver the device to the construction site, it can be disassembled and folded into a simple gazelle. After work, it can also be easily disassembled and transported back. You can install the crane in any place: on the ground, in the pit, on the roof, on building floors.
This special equipment is produced by different companies in three main modifications of cranes, lifting capacity, booms.
If necessary, the Pioneer crane can be made on your own, having the necessary expendable materials, tools, a well-designed drawing and free time.
As for the scope of the Pioneer, then with its help you can move various subjects in all weather conditions. He is able to deliver cargo to any floor or building structure... It can be used to deliver: tools, inventory, building materials and the like.
Quite often, this device is used when installing roofs. With it, you can quickly lift various loads, machines, metal constructions, materials.
Advantages of the Pioneer crane
The main advantages of the Pioneer crane include:
- ease of use - thanks to a simple and reliable design;
- the ability to assemble and disassemble the device within half an hour;
- mobility, allowing the unit to be used even at distant objects;
- low power consumption.
Important: the Pioneer crane is able to rotate the boom 360 degrees.
But this unit also has its drawbacks:
- he is able to lift a weight of no more than 1 ton;
- if you hang a flexible load on it, it is not always convenient and safe.
Do-it-yourself Pioneer crane
The Pioneer crane has a simple design. It consists of the following elements:
- Main support frame. It can be collapsible, bolted or on wheels. The second swing frame is attached to it;
- Safety guides, cargo ropes, electric drive;
- Swivel boom. It can be collapsible or bolted;
- End stop mechanism. It is located at the end of the boom;
- A limit switch located on the mechanism responsible for lifting the load.
So, if you started construction on personal plot, but there is no desire and financial resources to hire special equipment - try to assemble a crane with your own hands. With it, you do not need to lift heavy loads on your own.
Attention: construction crane Pioneer is a collapsible structure designed for lifting loads. It can be used when digging a pit for the foundation of a house, when installing a roof, building walls at high heights.
The basis of the mechanism is a supporting running frame, which is installed either permanently or on a chassis. A part of the crane that rotates is installed on the frame. You can rotate the boom by hand or electric.
The lifting of the load from this device is carried out using a winch, and stability is achieved thanks to a counterweight and lanyards (steel cable guards).
Materials and tools
For the manufacture of the apparatus, we need the following materials which can be found in your garage or specialist store:
- rectangular pipe;
- I-beam;
- telescopic unit for an I-beam;
- no ropes large diameter;
- channel;
- electric motor;
- winch.
From the tools you will need:
- keys;
- hammer;
- screwdriwer set.
Construction diagram
To make a Pioneer crane with your own hands, you need to do competent scheme... It should be strictly indicated on it: materials of manufacture, sizes of each individual element, ways of fastening parts.
By creating a schema future design, it is worth carefully calculating everything. If you are not entirely versed in this, it is better to invite a specialist. Having a well-designed scheme in your hands, you can independently make and assemble the device to the maximum short time.
Assembly features
As for the assembly of the product, then:
- The crane frame is assembled from a corner of 63x63x5 mm.
- For a 5 meter boom, a pipe with a diameter of 5 - 8 cm is required.
- To strengthen the structure, you will need 2 corners with dimensions of 30x30x3 mm.
The carrying capacity of such a device will be 150 kg. If the ropes are strengthened, it will be possible to lift heavier loads.
Attention: making an electric crane at home is quite difficult. It will be more expensive and take longer.
When picking up an I-beam, it is worth making sure that it freely enters the pipe. It will be mounted on sliding rails, resulting in a telescopic assembly.
For a homemade crane to function well, you will need to equip it with small diameter cables. They are best purchased from a specialist store. For welding support structure and swing frame, you must use a channel.
Thanks to him, the crane will be well fixed on the surface. For safe operation the device is recommended to weld a platform like a rectangle.
To start the lifting process, you will need to purchase an electric motor and connect it to a winch from UAZ.
Attention: if you want the electric motor to start electrically, invite a specialized technician. Despite the fact that this procedure is not particularly difficult, for safety reasons it is better to use the services of a professional.
That's the whole process of assembling a Pioneer crane with your own hands.
Specifications
The manufacture and assembly of the construction crane Pioneer has a mass positive aspects... Its installation on construction site will help you save on the number of builders. With it you will be able to lift roofing materials, timber, working tools and equipment to the required height.
After assembly homemade device you can see its technical characteristics:
- The lifting capacity of the device can vary from 0.5 to 1 ton. It all depends on the materials used in the assembly.
- The height of the crane will be 4 meters.
- The platform can be rotated 360 degrees.
In conclusion, it is worth noting that having started construction on a personal plot, in order to save money, try to assemble special equipment with your own hands. Of course, you will spend your free time on such manipulations, but you can save a lot. Even large construction companies do not always buy special equipment. They usually resort to renting units.
Any of the users of the site will agree with the statement that one of the most needed during construction is a crane. The steel hero becomes an indispensable assistant when it becomes necessary to lift a large load.
The lifting mechanism is usually associated with a huge structure tens of meters high. However, in private housing construction, when compact mechanisms come to the fore for construction, one needs an option with an arrow length not exceeding 5-7 meters.
But renting it is not a cheap pleasure, especially if the construction site takes more than one month.
In this case, there is only one way out - roll up your sleeves and build a homemade mini-crane with your own hands. And our members of the forum will help you with this!
How to make a homemade crane
Savings on own health and an attempt to manually lift a heavy load, especially if the construction of the house is carried out independently and without the involvement of a hired work force, do not bring to good. We have already told our readers,. Now we are making a crane with our own hands for building a house called " mini-pioneer ".
"Pioneer" is a movable collapsible structure, with the help of which the load is lifted to a given height. So homemade the crane can be used for digging foundations and construction and installation work for the construction of houses.
The basis of the mechanism is a supporting running frame, installed permanently or on a mobile chassis. The rotating part of the crane is mounted on the frame. The boom can be turned manually or electrically... The design of the crane itself is based on a modular principle and can be disassembled into several parts for the convenience of moving the mechanism from one construction site another.
The stability of the structure is ensured thanks to the counterweight and steel ropes (turnbuckles), and the lifting of the load is carried out using a winch and a block.
An interesting experience of our member of the forum, who decided to independently build a mini "Pioneer". He needed this building mechanism for the construction of a private house from a bar.
Voldemore:
- I practically single-handedly build a house from a six-meter beam. It is impossible to lift and carry it alone. That is why I decided to assemble the mechanism in order to take the timber from the pile, put it on the sawing site and lift it onto the base.
As the height of the building increases, our member of the forum plans to put a crane on the floor beams of the house.
The member of the forum collected the frame from a corner 63x63x5 mm. An arrow 5 meters long - from a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. To strengthen the structure, two corners 30x30x3 mm were used. Voldemore includes a further extension of the boom by another 2 meters.
Voldemore:
- The lifting capacity of the mechanism is about 150 kg, but the structure can lift more weight, and in order to achieve this, it is necessary to increase the frequency of the chain hoists.
Translated from Greek, Polyspaston means "pulled by several ropes." Polyspast is called construction device for lifting cargo. It consists of several blocks, interconnected by a rope or cable, which bends around the blocks in a circle. Polyspast allows you to lift a load with less effort than the weight of the load.
The simplest pulley block allows you to get a three-fourfold gain in strength, one should not forget that friction losses are inevitable in this system. Even in best models blocks they reach 10%. And the more you gain in strength, the more the distance the vehicle can move the load decreases.
Voldemore:
- It took me a week to make all the components and mechanisms. I spent two more days assembling and fine-tuning the mechanism. The slewing drive and boom hoist drive is a six-fold manual chain hoist. The hoist drive is also a manual double chain hoist.
Voldemore notes that it would be much more convenient to control the mechanism with electric drives - to lift the load from the remote control on a long cord, as is done in industrial models... But in this case, the complexity of manufacturing all mechanisms increases significantly, which will lead to an increase in the cost of the structure and an increase in the time for manufacturing the crane.
The details of the manufacture of the device are interesting.
Voldemore:
- As turntable I took two faceplates that I found at work. Basically, I assembled the mechanism from what was at hand. Instead of an axis, I welded a 30 mm bolt. I did not take a bolt made of high-strength steel, since such bolts are welded worse, do not stretch or bend, but immediately burst if their strength is exceeded.
All units of the device are lubricated with lithol.
To reduce the weight of the counterweight, the outriggers are 2 meters long. At self-production and the calculation of the nodes of such a device, one point should be taken into account. The fact is that with a rotary faceplate radius of 200 mm and a distance of 2 meters to a counterweight weighing 100 kg, a tensile load of 1 ton acts on the central bolt. And this is without taking into account the weight of the boom and the load being lifted!
It is also important to check the stability of the device.
Voldemore:
- To begin with, let's imagine that our crane is a single beam, which rests on one support, and this support should be the smallest distance from the axis of rotation. Three forces act on the beam: the weight of the load, the weight of the counterweight, and the weight of the mechanism. In order not to take into account the weight of the boom, I have underestimated the weight of the crane by 50 kg. The calculation is approximate and simple, but better with it than without it at all.
Boom hoist drum Voldemore made from a tube with a diameter of 100 mm.
Voldemore:
– There is a nuance here - the drum should not be placed close to the blocks. It needs to be slightly shifted along the axis towards the first block so that the second layer of the cable winds up evenly.
The forum user made the blocks from three washers: two large and one small. All blocks are without bearings. It is important to ensure that the blocks bend around the rope well. That is, either the rope must be flexible, or the pulleys must be of large diameter. Otherwise, when the boom is raised without load, the cables may fly out of the blocks.
Voldemore:
- I have a rope with a diameter of 12 mm, but it is very thick - there was simply no other. If I lengthen the boom, I will put more flexible rope with a diameter of 5 mm, because its working load is 150 kg, and its breaking load is 850 kg.
When designing block systems, it is important to understand how a chain hoist works and is calculated. Let's take a look at the example of a mini-pioneer.
Voldemore:
- The principle of operation of a chain hoist is similar to that of a gearbox - you gain in strength, but you lose in the length of the rope and, consequently, in the speed of lifting the load.
In the gearbox main characteristic- this is the gear ratio, and in the pulley block - the multiplicity, i.e. the ratio of all branches of the cable to those escaping from the drum. If we have 6 pieces of rope, then the pulley block is sixfold.
This means that the pulling load on the drum will be 6 times less than the weight of the load, and the rope itself, if it is designed for 100 kg, then rolled 6 times, will lift 600 kg.
DIY construction mini-cranes
The design came out so successful that many of our users decided to repeat it and even make the crane mobile by placing it on the Gazelle.
Forum user with a nickname plumag offers with the help of a similar mechanism of higher carrying capacity and equipped with electric drives, to put concrete pillars... And in order to be able to transport such an individual crane on the road common use, make the structure collapsible and partially and completely mount it in the body already at the place of the proposed work. This will allow to recoup all the costs associated with the manufacture of the device in a short time.
At FORUMHOUSE you can learn everything about independent, as well as get acquainted with the mini-pioneer. The portal discusses everything you need to know to make a faucet From a concrete mixer to a pipe bender. Topics of members of the forum about making useful pets that will help you build.
Our video will tell you what tools are needed to equip a carpentry workshop. See how to do A yourself in this tool, which will simplify the work on your site near the country house.
Height modern houses become more and more, but the weight of the concrete blocks does not decrease. For this reason, even for domestic purposes, it would be nice to make a crane with your own hands. This design, of course, will not have a large carrying capacity, about 200 kg. Of course, this is probably not the limit, but it's better not to experiment. This crane is a fully prefabricated structure that weighs from 200 to 300 kg, therefore self-assembly such a crane will not cause any difficulties. In addition, this crane is very easy to transport, it fits quite well in a Chinese pickup truck.
The cargo winch can be made from a worm gear with electric drive 600 W, but the boom winch can be made from manual drive organized by means of the same reducer.
Building supports can be used as the basis for outriggers on screw stops. For the manufacture of drums for winches, rotors from electric motors can be used, and they should be selected in accordance with the dimensions.
The mobile platform must be equipped with wheels that were previously on the conveyor cart. This makes it possible to easily move the crane from one position to another, all that needs to be done is to remove the outriggers.
Removal and installation of these supports will take approximately five minutes. For this reason, the structure can be considered quite mobile. However, it was not without a drawback that in order to move the crane, you need to lower the boom to zero level otherwise, the crane may tip over due to imbalance.
The do-it-yourself crane has a five-meter boom made of a pipe Ø 7.5 cm, and a square profile at the very base, made of a pair of corners. In addition, the crane has a portal to lift the boom, and a swivel mechanism based on a hub from a truck.
As a counterweight, you can use a bed from a non-working machine complete with four track links, or just bricks. There are no brakes included in the winch, since the need for its use is a big question.
The slewing mechanism also does not have a brake, since the crane is not designed to work at high speeds, and therefore the inertial forces are too small.
Most thin metal which is used for this crane is approximately 3 mm. Outrigger support and base, for the most part, are made of rectangular pipe, with dimensions 85 by 50 and 85 by 55. For the manufacture of the base of the tower, a channel for 200 is used. The hook frame is equipped with a powerful bearing, which means that the rotation of the hook does not depend on the chain hoist. At the same time, during rotation, overlap or twisting of the line is excluded.
The length of the stop screws is 40 cm. This is the reason that the installation of the crane can be carried out even on extremely uneven surfaces.
Now at the expense of the wheels, everything is not so smooth here. It is about a small flaw. The essence of the problem lies in the fact that when using a crane with the described wheels on loose soil during movement, the wheels are buried in the ground, and if the soil is solid, then there are no problems. The described construction can be considered a one-time use, which means that after you have completed necessary work, it should be disassembled into metal or before next time... It is for this reason that such a structure has an insignificant carrying capacity, and does not differ in strength.
A crane of this type is manufactured in about three days, taking into account that all the necessary components are being prepared. The gearboxes were made from the first items that came to hand. The gearboxes have the following gear ratios: 1 to 30 and 1 to 35.
Connection three-phase motor performed in a single-phase network. It has output parameters on the shaft - 600 W, and capacitors with a capacity of 80 microfarads. The weight of all installations, if we do not take into account the counterweights, will be approximately 250 kg, at a relatively low cost. The bulk of the components used are borrowed from other designs; you only have to worry about buying cables and bearings.
After you have made a crane with your own hands, you can easily lift 150-200 kg, which is quite impressive considering that it is not intended for industrial scales.
A simpler tap option:
