In many regions, when it is impossible to connect to a centralized water supply, they resort to drilling water wells from underground horizons.

Isolated from surface sources of pollution by rock strata, as a rule, meet the sanitary standards established for domestic water. With additional purification, passing through a filter device, they acquire a high drinking quality.

What you need to know

The defining criteria for choosing a method for drilling a water well are the depth of the groundwater level and the rocks of the geological section, which are to be drilled. Correctly selected technology for drilling water wells will allow you to quickly drill a well and avoid accidents while drilling. As a result, this will make it possible to obtain the highest debit in the given conditions.

What does technology mean by water? This is a method and mode of destruction of various rocks, cleaning the wellbore and fixing its walls, equipment of the water intake part.

Drilling methods

For the construction of deep water wells, rotary and percussion drilling is usually used. The technology of drilling water wells by these methods is different. The peculiarities of each do not allow them to be used without restrictions in any conditions. The technology of drilling water wells with a drilling rig with the rotation of a rock cutting tool (bit) is given in this article by the example of auger and rotary methods.

Auger drilling technology

In sandy and clayey rocks that do not contain large inclusions, drilling with a set of bits and augers is used to transport the rock to be drilled from the bottom to the top. Of the two types of auger drilling, for the device of a water well in an area with a well-studied geological structure, a continuous bottom is often used with a continuous run, regular runs and screwing. Where it is necessary to obtain high-quality information about rocks and their depths, the annular face method is used.

Continuous run (flow drilling) - the rock to be drilled is carried by the auger string to the day surface. As it deepens, the drill string is built up with additional augers. They are used for driving homogeneous sands without interlayers of silts or other weak rocks. The rotation frequency of the screws is 250-300 rpm. It is unacceptable to dive too quickly in order to avoid overfilling of the blades with rock and jamming of the projectile in the well for this reason. Sufficient load is the own weight of the augers and the weight of the rotator.

In ductile and tough-plastic argillaceous rocks, flight runs are used - a bit and auger string are drilled into the rock, followed by extraction to clean the flange from the drilled mass. The value of the voyage dive is within 1 meter. Rotation frequency from 100 and not more than 300 rpm. Load 500 N.

In weak rocks, a spiral chisel is used on an auger string - they are screwed to a certain depth and then removed without rotation by a winch.

The annular face is carried out with special core augers, which allow extracting the core (a column of drilled rock) without lifting the drill string to the surface. Drilling mode: 60-250 rpm, the length of the trip is from 0.4 to 2.0 m. This technology of drilling water wells is rarely used, mainly by geological organizations engaged in exploration and simultaneously drilling water wells.

Rotary-rotary drilling technology

This method achieves high penetration rates and large pipe string outputs. The disadvantages include clogging (clay formation) of the aquifer, high costs for the preparation of clay solution, large volumes of water for flushing the well to restore the fluid loss of the horizon, muddy during drilling.

Rotary with direct flushing is more often used: the destroyed rock from the bottomhole is carried to the surface with a clay solution, which is pumped into the well by a pump through drill rods. The upward flow velocity should be maintained in the range of 0.5 - 0.75 m / s. The circulation of the flushing solution is disturbed in highly fractured zones - it, together with the sludge, goes into the cracks. The driller needs to keep a close eye on the drilling pattern, reduce thrust if necessary, and flush without interruption to avoid sticking the drill.

There is no need to pursue the high mechanical speed achieved by increasing the number of revolutions: this is fraught with accidents. WOB and rotational speed are adjusted depending on the rock to be drilled, the diameter of the bit and drill pipes, and the amount of drilling fluid.

Turnover must be reduced when:

• bit parameter increases;
• reducing the diameter of the drill string;
• increasing the hardness of rocks;
• with alternating layers with low thickness (up to 1.5 m).

On rotary installations of the URB and BA type they operate mainly at II-III speeds. Clay and clay-sandy rocks are driven at 300-400 rpm (III-IV speed). For rocks of moderate strength (sandstones, limestones, marls), the rotor rotation limits are from 200 to 300 rpm. Hard rocks are drilled out with a bit at a rotation speed of 100-200 rpm.

The driller keeps a close eye on the drilling pattern, reducing the thrust and continuously flushing to avoid sticking the drill. The moment the aquifer breaks open determines a sudden drop in the mud and an increase in the load on the engine. The circulation of the solution is disturbed in highly fractured zones - the cuttings and the solution go into the cracks.

If the aquifers are bedrock with small cracks, the opening of the horizon is carried out with a high-quality clay solution with its obligatory output to the surface.

The technology of drilling water wells with a small drilling rig is similar to the technology of drilling with powerful rigs.

Related work

The borehole walls are fastened with pipes after drilling. They use metal, asbestos-cement and plastic pipes. The type of filter (perforated or mesh) is selected depending on the water-bearing rocks.

Before installing the filter, the solution is replaced with a lighter one, a specific gravity of not more than 1.15 is desirable. After installing the filter, the well is immediately flushed with water. Then, the well is bled - pumping out a column of liquid from the well with a thief. When the flushing is clarified and sand appears in it, pumping is started by airlift. With the cessation of the removal of sand and the complete clarification of the water, a submersible pump is installed.

Free fall energy

The shock-rope method is used to open up thin aquifers (less than 1 m) without any problems. It is possible to obtain the maximum production rate - the water-bearing rocks are not clayey. Long-term pumping is not needed.

The method is used:

• in poorly explored areas;
• in waterless areas where delivery of water for solution preparation is impossible;
• if necessary, separate sampling of several horizons;
• for wells with large initial diameters.

Disadvantages of wire rope drilling:

• low penetration rate;
• high consumption of pipes for casing;
• limited drilling depth (up to 150 m).

The normal impact rate of the free-fall projectile is calculated. It is inversely proportional to the square root of the drop height: with an increase in the height of the bit rise above the bottomhole, the frequency of blows is reduced and, conversely, with a decrease in the height, the number of blows is increased.

It takes strength and ingenuity

With a shallow bedding of the groundwater table (as a rule, these are groundwaters) and a geological section composed of loose rocks, a well can be drilled in a built-up area using the muscular strength of people - 2 people are enough.

The technology for drilling water wells by hand is simple. You can use the driven method or auger.

For driving a steel 1 inch, it is pre-cut into pieces of 2 or 3 meters. An external thread is made at the ends. As it deepens, the pipe sections will be connected with female couplings. A special steel tip (shank) is made in the form of a cone, the base diameter of which is 1 cm larger than the pipe diameter. It is welded onto the pipe. About a meter of the length of the pipe above the tip (60 cm is enough) is reserved for a primitive filter - a water receiving device for penetrating water from the aquifer into the well. With a 6 mm drill, make holes 5 cm apart.

A punching device of two separate parts is put on the pipe. The first is a stop with a tapered hole under the pipe. Its outlet is 5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the pipe being driven, which is enough to insert two wedges into the gap from below - a metal truncated cone cut along the length. The diameter of the top of the cone is slightly larger than the diameter of the pipe, but less than the outlet of the stop. The second part is a shock "woman", a weight with a through hole for the pipe and two handles for lifting above the stop.

When the woman is lowered at the moment of hitting it against the stop, the wedges enter the hole and hold the pipe being hammered in their "embrace". After driving a piece of pipe, the cone is knocked out, the pipe is increased by screwing with the next piece. The stop with the wedges is rearranged, the "woman" is put on and the pipe continues to be hammered to the aquifer. From time to time you need to turn the pipe around the axis.

The appearance of water in the well is determined by lowering a weight tied to a string inside it. If it is lifted up wet, then the well has gone deep into the aquifer. It is important not to "slip through" this water-producing layer. Leave the perforated end of the pipe in this water-bearing rock. And start pumping a mini-well first with a hand pump. As the water is clarified, they switch to pumping with a surface water electric pump.

Auger manual drilling of water wells - the technology is similar to that described with the help of a drilling rig, which is replaced here by two people. Of course, they cannot keep up with the parameters of the mechanical drilling mode. Some craftsmen replace physical strength with mechanisms.

Drilling wells with water

The technology is simple with minimal expenditure of materials, effort and time. Conditions - the depth of the well is up to 10 m, the section is composed of loose soils.

Equipment - a container for water (the larger the volume, the better, but a barrel of 200 liters is also possible). The gate for turning the pipe is made of two pipes and a clamping clamp.

Materials: pipe with a diameter of 120 mm, length to the depth of the well. The teeth are cut at the lower end, the upper end is equipped with a flange with a fitting, through which water from the barrel will flow through the hose under the pressure generated by the "Kid" pump. To attach the flange to the edge of the pipe, 4 lugs with holes for M10 bolts are welded.

Labor force: it is easier to work together. Time spent - for 6 meters of driving through loams 1-2 hours.

Drilling process: dig a pit about a meter deep, install a pipe vertically in it and pump water into it with a pump. Water, coming out through the lower end with incisors, will erode the soil, freeing up space for the pipe, which will settle under its own weight. It is only necessary, shaking, to turn the pipe so that the teeth crumble the rock. Drilled rock particles under pressure are released together with water into the pit. You can scoop out water from it and, by filtering, use it again for rinsing. Having reached the aquifer, the flange is removed, and a pump is submerged into the well under the water level, but before reaching the bottom, for pumping out.

Types of water wells

They are subdivided into filterless and filterless. Filterless wells are arranged in aquifers composed of fine-grained sands or in stable fractured rocks. For other aquifers, a filter is selected depending on the fractions of the water-bearing rocks.

A well for water with your own hands is a real way provide water a plot within a private house, thereby building a reliable water supply for the future in a suburban area where there is no centralized water supply.

Arrangement of such a water source requires significant financial and labor costs... Drilling will require special tools and equipment, but with proper organization of work, everything can be done independently and reliably.

In order to equip your own water well, you need find the required water layer, determine the depth of its occurrence and drill a channel (wellbore) in the ground, entering this productive layer. The main methods of drilling are discussed below.

Auger method

For such drilling, it is used auger (auger) in the form of a rod with a cutter at the end and blades located along a helical line. Elementary augers can be considered garden or fishing drills.

The essence of the technology is in screwing the tool into the ground by rotating it and extracting the earth while lifting it. The process can be carried out manually or mechanically way. Manually auger can drill a well to a depth of 8-10 m.

This technique is considered the simplest and most affordable, but it can be used only if there is a sufficiently soft or loose soil. It cannot be used even in the presence of quicksands and rocky outcrops. If you have harder soil or when you drill deeper, you need to mechanization of tool rotation... As the barrel deepens, the auger is screwed onto the drill pipe section (string).

Hydro drilling (hydrodynamic drilling)

Turbine technology

Method based on the longitudinal advance of the drill bit, the rotary motion which is provided by the turbodrill. All this is located on a submerged column, which is built up with rods as the barrel deepens.

The main element - a turbodrill - is an engine that plunges into the bottomhole zone, i.e. does not rotate the entire drill string. Drilling can be provided by low-speed (120-300 rpm) and high-speed (450-600 rpm) motors, while they are driven by the hydrodynamic force created by the fluid flow acting on the engine blades.

Electric drill

This technology is not fundamentally different from turbine drilling. In this case, instead of a turbodrill with blades, into the bottomhole zone submersible electric motor of asynchronous type... The use of an electric drive allows you to abandon the drill string in the form of pipes and lower the electric drill on a cable-rope.

The main disadvantage is reduced performance cable in borehole conditions with frequent tripping operations.

Screw motors

These are modern, improved drives that are lowered into the bottomhole zone. They are voluminous, rotary hydraulic units... Their rotation is provided by the drilling fluid, and their efficiency is increased by the use of low and high pressure chambers.

Important... The choice of drilling method depends on the depth of the productive, water layer, soil characteristics and the presence of difficult areas in the drilling zone, as well as the planned well production rate and the availability of equipment and financial capabilities.

How are wells drilled for water supply?

Any well designed for lifting water from a deep water layer to the surface. Its principle of operation is based on the arrangement of the wellbore in the form of a pipeline by installing the casing (pipe) so that the bottom hole with the coarse filter is inside the water source, while the rise of the liquid is provided by a submersible or surface pump.

Thus, water penetrates through the holes in the lower part of the string and forcibly rises up the wellbore to the surface.

Views

Taking into account the design features and depth, the following types of water wells are distinguished:

1. Abyssinian well(tubular well). It is constructed by driving a pipe into the ground, and therefore the depth is no more than 6-10 m... Water rises from the uppermost layer (groundwater) and is highly contaminated. It can be used for technical purposes or for drinking, but only after boiling.
2. Well on the sand... She drills deep 14-25 m, which allows you to use any method of drilling. Usually it is cased with a pipe with a diameter of 12-20 cm. The flow rate of such a well is small and it is intended for small farms. The work uses a centrifugal pump installed on the surface.
3. Artesian well drilled to the lower productive water reservoir at depth more than 50 m... Its water is absolutely clean and is used for drinking. Lifting out of it can only be done with a submersible pump.

Functional units

Any well, regardless of depth and variety, has the following functional zones and nodes:

1. Bottom-hole zone or water intake... This is the lower part of the well, which is located in the water reservoir. Here, through the perforation, water enters the inside of the casing. Required element - filter.
2. Casing string (pipe) or suction line. Its task is to provide a sealed water channel from the bottomhole zone to the pump inlet (pump intake), which is mandatory supplied with a check valve to prevent backflow of water.
3. Pump... It provides the rise of water, for which it creates a certain pressure.
4. Accumulator or storage tank... This node is responsible for protecting the equipment. against hydraulic shocks, providing a water reserve and creating the required pressure in the water pipeline.
5. Pressure switch and control equipment.
6. Well head... This is the upper, surface part of the well, which protects it from contamination from above, freezing and distribution of raised water.

Equipment

To equip a water well, you need the following inventory and equipment:

1. Pump... It is selected taking into account the depth and productivity of the well, the size of the casing, the length of the water main. With a shaft depth of up to 10-12 m, a surface centrifugal pump of the required power is most often used. For deep wells, a submersible pump is used. It requires a carrier, a safety cable and a submersible electric cable.
2. Pumping station with an automatic process control system. It must have monitoring devices and overload protection devices.
3. Hydropneumatic tank... It is designed to maintain a stable system pressure and optimize pump performance. A constant water level in it is maintained by a level switch. The size of the reservoir depends on the capacity of the equipment and the flow rate of the well. The volume can vary widely from 20-30 to 1000 liters. Tanks with a volume of about 100-150 liters are considered optimal.
4. Caisson... The well head can be equipped in different ways, but the most popular is the caisson, which is a metal box (tank) that seals the wellhead. It is mounted with a shallow depth (up to 1-1.2 m) and has dimensions sufficient to accommodate the connecting equipment and a service person.
5. Communications... Cable, wire for reliable power supply and water pipes from caisson to water consumption points.

note

The upper part of the well and the water supply are located in the zone of soil freezing, and therefore they must be reliably insulated.

Installation sequence

The submersible pump is installed in the following sequence:

• installation of a check valve (if it is not included in the pump kit);
• fastening to the cable and connecting the cable;
• submersion of the pump to the required depth;
• installation and connection of a hydraulic accumulator (hydropneumatic tank);
• connection and adjustment of the control and monitoring system;
• installation and connection of fine filters;
• connection to points of consumption (heating equipment, mixers, etc.).

Downhole device diagram

A standard deep well submersible pump device has the following basic design:

• perforated casing inlet with sump;
• coarse water filter;
• submersible pump with check valve and water intake;
• water conduit or pipe (hose) for lifting water connected to the pump;
• waterproof cable for pump power supply;
• borehole or extended top of the borehole;
• head, caisson;
• shut-off equipment (ball valve);
• control devices, pressure gauge (up to 8-10 bar);
• pumping mechanism with a ball valve.

The well operation scheme is quite standard:

1. Water under the pressure of the formation seeps into the sump and accumulates in it.
2. When the pump is turned on, the water rises along the casing, enters the pump intake and goes up the water conduit.
3. In the caisson, the water is directed to the accumulator, where a certain supply of it is created, after which it enters the water supply system.

How is the well being equipped?

When a productive formation - a water carrier - is reached in the process of drilling, the stage of arranging a well for water begins. First, the lower filter column is lowered into the borehole, which is a pipe with a perforated tip, a settling chamber and a filter made of several meshes that prevent the penetration of large fractions of impurities.

Next, the entire casing is mounted, and the gap between it and the soil is filled with sand and fine crushed stone. Simultaneously with the filling of the mixture, the well is pumped by means of water supply with the wellhead sealing.

After cleaning the bottomhole, a submersible pump with a connected water conduit with a diameter of 25-50 mm is lowered on a cable, depending on the flow rate of the well. The casing string and wellhead protection are attached to the head. A shut-off valve is installed in the discharge system. In the caisson, the connection of the water conduit and the water supply pipeline is made.

The well is enough complex hydraulic structure, but with its proper arrangement, a reliable own water supply appears. All operations, starting with hole drilling, can be done by hand, but for this it is necessary to follow all the recommendations of specialists and use standard equipment.

Useful videos

The cheapest and easiest to manufacture hydrodrill and its test when drilling an aquifer:

The presence of a well in a suburban area is often a prerequisite for creating comfort. Many people prefer to have an independent source even if there is a centralized water supply. The lack of this makes it necessary to extract water from the bowels. The state of the art has greatly expanded the drilling capabilities. But a do-it-yourself water well remains a reality and an inexpensive way to provide it.

Providing water is a paramount task when arranging any living space. Today there are several ways to extract water:

• well;
• Abyssinian well:
• sand well;

• artesian well.

Arrangement of a well is a laborious and therefore expensive process.

Its disadvantage is also the fact that water is drawn from the upper layers, which creates a greater likelihood of contamination from both external and entering through the upper layers of the soil. The amount of water is limited, the average flow rate is 0.5 cubic meters per hour. The well requires constant cleaning and repair, all these processes are carried out manually.

A well is a more modern, reliable, durable and affordable way of producing water. You can drill a well for water on any land plot. Depending on the depth of the aquifers, the type of construction is selected: Abyssinian well, sand or artesian well. If the aquifer is located at a depth of 12 m, an Abyssinian well is drilled. If this figure is 50 m, water can be produced using a sand well. Artesian is necessary if the water is at a depth of up to 200 m.

The Abyssinian well has a small diameter, surface dirt and dust do not get into it. A cheap and reliable option with a moderate amount of water use. The sand well has an average flow rate of 1.5 cubic meters per hour. This is a filter view, i.e. on water-bearing sand is placed from polymers or stainless steel. The artesian well is filterless, the water is supplied clean, without impurities. The flow rate ranges from 5 to 100 cubic meters per hour.

A diagram of the principle of operation of a well for water (sandy appearance) gives a visual representation of its internal structure.

The choice of the type of well is an extremely important and responsible process.

Useful advice! If there is no information about the depth of the water reservoir, it is not worthwhile to determine the type of well without preliminary exploration. This can lead to unplanned additional costs and unexpectedly low production rates.

Basic ways drilling wells for water

Appointment of the caisson. Prices and characteristics of the most popular models.

Tools used whendrilling water wells with your own hands

When arranging a water well with your own hands, the correct selection of tools is of great importance. It determines the speed and quality of work.

The drilling tool should be made of a strong and wear-resistant material, preferably steel. You can buy it in a store, or you can make it yourself and be sure of its quality. The main tools used when self-drilling a well:

• a spoon. It consists of a steel hollow cylinder, which has a threaded head in the upper part for connecting to the rods, and in the lower part there is a cutting edge. The body has a longitudinal slot with one edge bent inward, and the second is sharpened and can work like a blade when rotating. A drill spoon can be crafted in a workshop that has a lathe and a forge. These fixtures have diameters of 70,140 and 198 mm. This size of the spoon should be 10 mm larger than the diameter of the pipes lowered after drilling;
• chisel. The wellbore is rounded off by turning the bit 15–20 degrees after each hit. The tool is made by forging from one piece of ductile steel. Its sharpening angle is 90 degrees. Chisels have a diameter of 74, 108, 147 mm. Small-sized fixtures can be made in workshops where there is at least a small forge, as well as turning and planing machines;

• bailer. Its body consists of an iron or steel pipe, to the top of which a fork with a tapered thread is attached for hanging from a rope or attaching to working rods. In the lower part, the pipe is equipped with a steel cutting shoe with a valve. The thief body can be made of casing or gas pipe 1–2 m long;
• screw. It has flat spirals with rapid pitch. At the end of the tool there is a hammer that breaks the rock, and flat spirals bring it to the surface. The efficiency of the auger can be increased by using a small motor to rotate, for example, from a saw, a motor plow, etc.;
• Cup. It is a regular pipe with pointed bottom ends. Working with it consists in lifting and dropping it from a height of 2-3 m to the bottom. Sharp ends cut the rock and tear it away from the face;
• barbell. It is used for percussion and rotary drilling. On it, a tool is lowered to the bottom of the hole, while it rotates, drilling is carried out, with its help, destroyed rock is extracted to the surface. The rods are subjected to compressive, tensile, bending and twisting loads. As this tool, you can use square or round steel rods, as well as water pipes with a reinforced wall.

Turnkey water well price

The cost of a turnkey water well, the price per meter of drilling, is a complex value influenced by a number of circumstances. First of all, it depends on the location of the object and the specifics of the area. Geological sections in the territory of one region are heterogeneous, the distribution of aquifers is different. As a result, drilling water wells costs differently in each area. In addition, soil composition and landscape matter.

• development area;
• the technique used;
• fare;
• the depth of the aquifers;
• installation of equipment;
• direct work on drilling and pumping a well for water;
• type of well, features of its technical equipment.

First, a qualified study of the soil is carried out, as a result of which the technology and equipment are selected. Since all the work of drilling a water well is carried out by one company, you can save time and effort by getting water in the shortest possible time.

Water supply of a private house from a well: layout of the main elements

The installation of a water well in a private house and connecting a water supply to it will not cause difficulties if you draw up a diagram correctly and purchase high-quality equipment. The water supply scheme for a private house from a well contains 3 main components:

• source (well);
• pumping station;
• pipeline.

These main components are equipped with additional:

• well caisson;
• automation;
• cleaning filters;

• water heater.

To connect the water supply to the house, pipes must be laid. If you do not plan to arrange insulation in the form of a cement tunnel (which is troublesome and time-consuming), you need to dig a trench that will lower them below the freezing point. Another option for insulation can be foil-clad fiberglass materials.

Raw materials for pipes are used in different ways: there are several types of metal and an even greater variety of non-metal, polymer products.

Useful advice! When replacing or laying water pipes, remember that contact with water and the formation of condensation will definitely lead to corrosion on metal products. Plastic pipes are not subject to corrosion.

Well pumps: key features

When arranging a pumping station, one of the main mechanisms is a pump. The choice of this unit is extremely important.

By the way of operation, pumps are divided into 2 types:

• superficial;
• submersible (deep).

Surface pumps pump out water from wells, the depth of which does not exceed 8 m. They are installed on the surface, the installation method is quite simple.

For greater depths, submersible pumps should be chosen. They are of several types:

• centrifugal. They work due to the centrifugal force created by the paddle wheel blades when the shaft rotates;
• screw (or screw). Pumping of liquid occurs due to its movement along the axis of the screw in the chamber formed by the helical grooves and the surface of the body;

• vortex. The basis of the design is a wheel with blades, placed in a housing and attached to a shaft. Driven by centrifugal vortex force;
• vibrating. They work due to vibrations of the membrane, from which a pressure difference arises, and the liquid is pumped into the water supply system.

The main parameters that should be taken into account when choosing a pump for a well:

• performance;
• power;
• well depth, flow rate and diameter;

• price.

The price of submersible pumps for water wells is much higher than surface pumps. This is due to their greater power, performance, design and installation features. Among submersibles, the most productive and expensive are centrifugal pumps, among which screw types are popular. They have high technical characteristics, good performance and reasonable price.

If it is necessary to deliver a small volume of water in a short time, it is better to give preference to a vortex pump. The vibration device is more often used with a target orientation - to shake the well. Prolonged exposure to vibration can damage the downhole structure closest to the pump.

Useful advice! When deriving well parameters, some indicators are relative values. Therefore, when buying a pump, it is worth choosing a suitable model with a performance margin.

You can buy a hand pump for water from a well. It requires physical effort, but it is much more reliable, much cheaper, easier to repair and more durable in operation. Hand pumps are of several types:

• vane. Principle of operation: under the influence of a hand lever, the wing rotates, activating the suction element;
• piston. The pressure is generated at the outlet;
• rod. They act on the same principle as piston ones. The piston is significantly elongated, resembles a barbell, hence the name;
• membrane. The operation is based on the reciprocating movements of the membrane.

When choosing a hand pump for water from a well, it is first of all necessary to take into account the depth of the water reservoir. The deepest of the hand pumps is piston (up to 30 m), the diaphragm pump is effective up to 8-10 m. All types of hand pumps can fully replace the surface one.

The Basics of Proper Well Operation

The cost of repairing a well for water is always high, since this process is complex and labor-intensive. It is not always possible to do this on your own. In order for the well to supply water for a long time and fully, it is necessary to follow the following rules when starting it:

1. It is necessary to turn on the pump smoothly for the first time. It is necessary to turn the valve on the head, starting from the minimum value of the water intake, and bring it to the optimal value.
2. The duration of the first water withdrawal must be at least two hours.
3. During operation, it is necessary to avoid excessively short-term switching on of the pumping station.
4. A systematic and significant water withdrawal in the first months of operation will ensure a constant flow of water and full functioning of the well.

Useful advice! At the beginning of using water from a well, it is imperative to take a sample for chemical analysis of the composition. This will allow you to be confident in the beneficial properties of water used as drinking water, and will also make it possible to properly operate the water supply system as a whole.

Diy water well: possible problems and ways to solve them

Even with the payment of the required cost of a turnkey water well, when the work was performed by professionals, it is not always possible to avoid troubles in the process of use. The most common problems during well operation:

• silting up:
• contaminated water;
• weak flow.

If the well is not used systematically, but only during the summer period, silting is almost inevitable. There is no need to flush the structure in such a situation, but intensive pumping is needed.

Contaminated water can become due to the ingress of soil, intermediate waters. The most common cause is casing leakage. Repair is needed, it can be significant if casing replacement is required, and not just patching up individual areas.

Useful advice! When purchasing materials for the arrangement of casing pipes for a water well, the price of which belongs to the budget, it is not worth choosing: the efficiency of the most expensive pumping station can be reduced to zero precisely because of the problems of depressurization. Plastic rings are reliable and convenient for mounting the casing.

Weak flow may be causing the filter to be clogged. The solution to this problem is to clean or replace the filter as a whole.

To figure out how to make a water well with your own hands, or order it on a turnkey basis, accepting the conditions and cost of a water well already in the finished version - everyone decides for himself. Price cannot be a priority, and neither can a manufacturer of equipment. The main thing is that the output has the quality and quantity of water, which is necessary for daily consumption and life support.

Drilling water wells is an important issue, because if the work is performed poorly, it can cause numerous problems that will constantly bring numerous troubles. Drilling a well under water must be carried out in strict accordance with the technology, otherwise you may encounter the following problems:

1. Dirty water. If the depth of the mine is insufficient, instead of clean and pleasant smelling, dirty bog water will flow from the tap. And also it can get into the pipe when its walls are destroyed, when drilling is done with a poor-quality tool.
2. After a while, the water will completely disappear or it will not be found. This suggests that the aquifer never was, will be found, or it has been passed. Therefore, the first step is to most correctly determine the height of the aquifer, so as not to waste the resource in vain.

Finding an aquifer

A water well is required, and you want to drill it yourself, then the first thing to do is find an indicator of its presence in your area. They can be:

• Nearby is a drilled well from neighbors. It is enough just to ask to what depth he has pierced a spring for himself, which will greatly facilitate the search tasks.
• Spring streams. And also an indicator of the presence of an aquifer in the soil is a stream with crystal clear and tasty water. It is important that it does not have a swampy or peaty smell. As a rule, streams do not spread so far from their source, so the water layer will probably be below you.
• Lake with clear water. If there is a natural reservoir near you and there is always clear water in it, then this indicates a spring origin. At its bottom, somewhere a powerful key beats, which acts as a pressure pump, filling the reservoir with clean water.

But if none of the above is nearby, then manual drilling of water wells would be worth postponing. In this case, it is better to order the drilling of water wells with a small-sized installation, using the services of a specialized company. Because drilling may have to be deep, and when the depth of the order of 20 m is reached by hand, it is almost impossible to do it using the standard method.

In order to drill a well under the water correctly, and it almost immediately began to provide you with crystal-clear water, it is necessary to conduct geodetic surveys by contacting the services of specialized companies.

It will not be cheap, but you can accurately determine the level of water occurrence and be able to calculate the amount of materials required. It is also necessary to properly design the water well, choose the right materials and design the filtration system.

Well types

Many are interested in the question of how to drill a well with their own hands, but the first step is to familiarize yourself with their types in order to pre-determine the scope of work for yourself. The fact is that the level of water occurrence can be different in different places, but the fact that it exists in our latitudes is known with 100% probability.

Therefore, using the example of a section, we will study the well structure. And then, we will consider 3 ways of how to make a well with your own hands, but using certain devices.

There are the following types of water wells:

1. To a ground aquifer is the easiest and most affordable way. It is at this depth that a layer of groundwater is located, and also water from atmospheric precipitation accumulates in it. Wells are usually built at this depth. The depth varies from 5 to 10 m.
2. The second aquifer or the first aquifer is a better and more reliable source of clean water. It is also a sandy horizon. In this case, do-it-yourself drilling of wells can be performed, as in the first case. But the depth of the sand layer will be in the range from 20 to 30 m, depending on the terrain. The absorption of this type of well is very acceptable, which may well provide a small suburban area with water.
3. The calcareous horizon is the deepest type of this structure. In this case, a well under water with your own hands cannot be performed, because the work will be prohibitively large and practically impossible. The depth of an artesian well in summer cottages or on the territories of recreational complexes can range from 50 to 100 meters or more. It is also called the limestone horizon. These categories of wells are professional and can only be realized with the help of special drilling equipment.

Sand hole: pros and cons

The most popular is the drilling of wells in the sand. Such a mine is called a sand mine. This is a shallow type of water source that can be installed on almost any site. The design of the water well in this case is extremely simple and may well be done by hand. In a simplified form, it can be considered as a simple well with concrete walls.

The pros and cons of such structures are as follows:

1. Simplicity. A pair of workers with unpretentious devices will be able to drill it.
2. Crystal clear water. The water in it is perfectly clean due to natural filtration.

But besides the advantages, it has a disadvantage, which consists in the rapid clogging of the filter with sand, which is almost impossible to clean. As the statistics show, a well in the area, drilled to the level of sandy waters, lasts an average of 10 years and rarely exceeds this value.

Specialized companies, due to the short service life of this type of structure, give a guarantee for work for only 2 weeks. Because of this, many people decide to drill water wells on the sand on their own at the outer level.

On average, up to 20 cubic meters of water can be extracted from it per day. m of water, and if there are pressurized sands in the reservoir, then the amount of water can double, and the service life, of course, can be reduced.

In addition to all that has been said, the disadvantages of the decision to drill a well in the country in the sand is that it is not possible to find a sand layer everywhere and it spreads in small zones.

Therefore, in the main, you will have to drill a well for water at random. For the stable operation of such a spring, it will need to be cleaned from the accumulated sand from time to time. Next, consider 3 ways to make a water well with your own hands.

Well drilling technology

If you need an absorption well in the country, then it is quite possible to implement it with your own hands. This requires the following accessories and tools:

• geophysical probe;
• drilling rig with a safety drill;
• cable;
• filter component with pump;
• casing rings and cover.

Of course, the depth of the drinking water well must be determined prior to drilling by any known method. Otherwise, manual drilling will be in vain.

It is also worth exploring the varieties of drilling tools, which include:

• drill spoons;
• spiral drills;
• flat chisel;
• conical chisel;
• cruciform chisel.

Almost any technology for drilling water wells involves the process of determining the aquifer using a safety drill. When it is reached, the rotational speed of the drill noticeably changes.

Electro sounding can be used to determine the depth of the aquifer, and thermometry is also popular. As drilling practice shows, a high-quality water well has a depth of 25 m, and when moving towards the south, it increases.

Some of the simplest signs of the presence of water, in which water wells can be drilled, are:

• frequent accumulation of fog in the morning;
• the presence of water-loving plants on the site;
• the presence of dew on plants in the early morning.

How is a water well drilled on the first aquifer?

The technology of drilling water wells on the first aquifer consists in strict adherence to the sequence of actions during the drilling process. But first you need to familiarize yourself with the drilling pattern.

The earth is a layered structure composed of alternating layers of clay, clay sand and limestone. At the same time, the thickest layers are closer to the surface and the first calcareous layer lies at a depth of 40 m.Therefore, if you want to reach the calcareous horizon or the 3rd aquifer, you will have to drill at least 40 m. be made due to the complexity of the work. We will consider the technology for achieving the first water carrier or sandstone.

Water wells of this type are easy to implement and quite efficient. It is called sandstone purely conditionally, because this layer may contain not only sand. Very often it contains a large amount of pebbles and a mixture of pebbles and sand.

Drilling water wells manually in this case can be performed in any convenient place on the site. It is necessary to choose it for practical reasons, so that it is easier to carry out the laying of the water supply system.

The advantages of drilling such a water source should also include all the seasonality, unless, of course, there are any obstacles for this. In any case, it is better to turn to the services of a specialist who has previously drilled more than once, because he will often be able to immediately determine the need to use a working tool, eliminating the need for preliminary research.

Moreover, different types of soil require different technologies, as there is no one-size-fits-all drilling rig. Therefore, nevertheless, even wells will be drilled in the country with their own hands, it is worth ordering geodetic surveys or a thermometric well has been previously completed.

The first method or auger drilling

The simplest types of well drilling are performed using auger tools. When using specialized machines, the working tool is a compound auger. After drilling a hole in the ground, special casing rings are inserted into it. They must be immersed with utmost care so as not to accidentally damage the walls of the shaft.

Immediately, a filter with a braided stainless wire stack is put on the bottom, and the column is assembled in place from polypropylene pipes. But it is safer to use steel pipes with a wall thickness of at least 4 mm. They will provide clean and high-quality water for a long time, eliminating the likelihood of the pipe walls dissolving under the influence of biological substances.

When choosing a material, when drilling sand wells, it is worth considering the mobility of earth layers, which can inevitably deform a polymer pipe. But otherwise, it is quite durable, and is an excellent budget option.

You can reach the first water carrier without resorting to the services of specialized firms. To do this, you will need to drill wells with a small-sized drilling rig or mini-drilling rig. You can make it yourself from a bar, logs and a metal profile. It is also possible to manually drill the shaft to the aquifer using an auger or bailer.

This is ideal if you need a well in the country with your own hands. It is quite possible to equip it. A few tough guys and a compound drill are enough.

Second way or rotary

In this case, the equipment for drilling wells consists of a special drill pipe, a bit installed inward. The first aquifer is reached with such a tool quickly enough and very often in this way.

Further drilling is carried out using a hydraulic drilling machine. Reaching the 2nd layer guarantees better water quality. This method is used to produce absorption wells that provide high productivity.

Drilling a well for water using this method allows you to reach any depth, so it is in demand in places where a large amount of water and its high quality are required. During rotary drilling, soil accumulates in the mine, which must be removed using a special device called drilling fluid.

Drilling water wells in this way implies mandatory flushing, which is performed with a solution. You can submit it to the mine using one of two existing methods:

1. Direct flush system. The solution is pumped into a pipe, from which it flows out under its own pressure.
2. Backwash. The solution is fed into the pipe by gravity, after which it flows out of it under its own pressure.

Backflushing allows you to quickly pierce the water well and better penetrate the aquifer. But its implementation will require expensive equipment and skilled labor. The most popular methods of drilling water wells are direct flushing. The process does not require expensive equipment, but it is more complex.

The third method or wire rope drilling

Answering the question: how to drill a water well yourself using the simplest method? One of these is impact-rolled drilling. In this case, it is possible to drill the well manually, but the process takes a lot of time and physical effort. But the resulting quality will not be a disappointment, because the walls of the shaft are compacted, which will increase its durability.

A water well made in this way serves for at least 50 years, providing users with high-quality and very clean water.

In addition, these are absorption wells that can provide water to many consumers, since this method can be used to punch a mine to any depth. Do-it-yourself wells of this type work for a long time and can provide a large number of people with high-quality water. These are also highly efficient absorption wells.

The design of a water well is quite simple, as is the technology for its manufacture. And it consists in breaking through the earth with a heavy projectile, after which the loosened soil is removed from the mine with a thief.

Thus, the trunk of the future source is simultaneously cleared. And in order to prevent soil from falling into the mine during operation during drilling, a wide board with a hole is laid on top. As a result, it is convenient not only to take out the shell and the bailer, but also for workers to walk in the working area.

This method requires primitive equipment that can be used for drilling wells under water, but it takes a lot of time. Therefore, if you decide not to carry out the process yourself, but with the use of hired labor, then the service will be quite expensive.

Drilling wells with water is also called hydrodrilling. This method resembles conventional rotary wireline drilling. During work, the soil on the site is washed out under the pressure of water. This method is not used for every case, so only loose soil, sandy loam, sandy soils can be drilled. To drill hard and rock formations, you will have to resort to traditional complex methods. The technology of drilling wells with water is completely unsuitable when it is required to drill through layers of clay. Therefore, before starting work, it is necessary to conduct a hydrogeological study, which will show how the specified method is applicable for a given site.

The very process of drilling wells with water is simple. For work, you need to prepare the equipment and the casing in advance, which will be lowered into the well. Water is also needed for drilling. Hydrochloric acid is added to it, the concentration of which will be 1: 20,000. This avoids possible contamination of the soil during drilling and the aquifer.

It takes a little time to drill wells with water, but it is important to prepare and calculate everything in advance.... The maximum borehole depth, which is obtained as a result of using this method, is 15 m. The diameter can be from 50 mm to 300 mm. After all the casing pipes have been installed, it is necessary to cement the outer part of the well to a depth of 3 m.

Features of hydrodrilling a well with water pressure

A simple technology is used to drill wells with water. First, you need to equip pits, which will receive water for drilling. They should be located approximately 1-1.5 m from the future well.

A drilling rig is mounted closer to the wellhead, which will supply water under pressure. Additionally, a small filter pit is being built, which communicates with the rest by means of a trench.

The pump for water supply is placed near the wellhead, one hose is lowered into the pit, and the second is located at the rig, it will descend into the wellbore. The communication between the tip and the swivel is carried out by a barbell.

In order not to waste extra time, you should pre-order a hydrogeological study. It will show if there is an aquifer on the site, at what depth it lies.

You need to make sure that this technology is exactly suitable for the type of soil that is on the site.

A fairly simple drilling rig is used for work. It consists of a supply pump, hoses for supply and discharge of drilling fluid, a swivel. Several pits will have to be made around the well, which act as filters and drainage of waste solutions.

In order not to contaminate the soil, a special solution is used that does not cause any harm not only to the soil, but also to the aquifer. The water remains clean and drinkable. It must be remembered that the maximum depth of the source will be 15 m, that is, the well is made on sand. All this requires constant care of the source.

Drilling technology

A specific technology is used for drilling wells with water. The following stages of work are observed:

1. First, you need to properly assemble the drill bit, prepare a mixture for washing, clay mud.
2. Water is used to erode the soil. And the clay solution is a substance that will help strengthen the walls after the well is ready. The drilling fluid itself must be selected depending on what kind of soil is in the area. Specialists who will conduct a preliminary study for the presence of an aquifer at the site can help.
3. If the preparatory work is completed (casing, mud and clay prepared), you can start assembling the drilling rig.
4. Through the pump, the solution is supplied to the hoses, then a swivel is taken, which provides water supply to the tip. Under strong pressure, water destroys the soil, begins to wash the rock upward.
5. The spent solution is sent to the pit, here the destroyed soil immediately settles to the bottom, and the solution itself enters the earthen bowl, goes into the ground, and then reaches the tip of the drilling rig.
6. Drilling of the well by pressure continues, gradually more and more rock is being removed. It is important to make sure that no clay and boulders are on the way. In this case, drilling must be carried out using the traditional method, i.e. a drill.
7. As you progress through the hole, it is necessary to lower the casing into it. It strengthens the walls, prevents soil shattering.
8. When the required depth is reached and water comes from the aquifer, the drilling process must be stopped.

When the well is ready, cementing is performed at the top 3 m in depth.

It serves as a strengthening. A caisson should be installed at the top, if necessary, an automatic equipment and a hydraulic accumulator are immediately mounted.

Well workover

When using wells and wells, a situation often arises when water quality deteriorates or productivity drops to a level that makes it difficult to use the source. In this case, repair is required, you can do it yourself.

There are many reasons for the failure of a well, among them it should be noted:

1. The installed filters are clogged. Repairs are only required when the pollution has become too strong and water stops flowing upstairs. Keeping in mind regular equipment inspections and maintenance will result in much less clogging. The filter can also fail due to sand compaction if the well is used only in summer.
2. If the springs are not regularly cleaned and maintained, the water can become dirty and not drinkable. The reasons are the pollution of the pipes, the aquifer. To accurately determine the cause, it is necessary to call specialists who will determine exactly what measures are required for cleaning.
3. If the barrel is heavily contaminated, then it is necessary to perform flushing work. To do this, water should be pumped under pressure into the well in order to wash all the dirt up. It is important to immediately provide for the drainage of dirty water away from the source so as not to contaminate it again.
4. Cleaning can be done with air, which is also supplied under pressure. To provide such pressure, you will need to use special equipment, a compressor.
5. The simplest and most profitable method is to pump water and then pump it out using a small and specially designed pump. The method is simple, pressurized water is pumped in and then discharged outside.

Hydro drilling is a method that works well for loose or sandy soil. Almost anyone can make such a well; it does not take much time and effort.