Fastening plywood to a wooden floor. Leveling the floor with plywood (4 ways)

If you need an even and durable base for laying flooring, one of the fastest and most simple ways- leveling the floor with plywood. Compared to a screed, this method has many advantages: it does not require special skills and tools, repairs can be continued immediately after laying, and the price of plywood comes out cheaper. Depending on the thickness and impregnation used, the price per sheet of plywood varies from 300 to 1200 rubles.

Not every sheet material can be used on the floor.

• Plywood - best option. It consists of glued sheets of veneer, with each new leaf laid perpendicular to the fibers of the previous one, which increases rigidity. Moisture resistance, durability and environmental friendliness depend on the binder used (you can distinguish it by marking).
  • Most often, the FC brand is used for the floor. It is made on the basis of carbamide glue, and has a lower moisture resistance, easily swells from moisture. Suitable for rooms with normal humidity, as it is safer for health.
  • PSF marking has increased moisture resistance, but not very environmentally friendly, it is made on the basis of phenol-formaldehyde glue. It is better not to use it indoors due to phenol emissions.

  

To level the floor, you can buy plywood of 3-4 grades, the presence of knots will not affect the final quality, they will be covered with flooring.
Laying tiles on plywood is not recommended, as wood has high coefficient expansion, and it may fall off with the change of season.

• DSP - ideal for leveling wooden floor under the tiles.
• OSB - completely eco-friendly material, theoretically it can be used for leveling, but it is undesirable, because it bends more easily with equal thickness to plywood. In addition, OSB is usually slightly more expensive than plywood.
• Chipboard - has poor environmental friendliness and low strength.
• Fiberboard - not suitable for leveling, because it is too flexible material and it will go around all the bumps.

Ways to level the floor with plywood

Depending on the requirements and initial data, plywood floors are laid in several ways.




Before starting work with any wood materials, they must be left in the room where the repair is being carried out for at least two days.

Plywood floor covering

This method has already been discussed in our article:.




One thick layer or two thin ones?


Plywood is composite material, that is, the layers in it were initially laid with fibers crosswise, due to which the sheet is quite rigid. Therefore, two layers of 10 mm, instead of one layer 20 mm thick, will not give additional rigidity to the sheets.

For the price, the result is also almost the same.

However, if one layer of plywood is laid on a curved floor, it will smooth out irregularities, however, elevation differences will remain at the joints. If you put an additional layer, the height differences will be smoothed out, and the edges of the second layer will already lie in the center of the sheets of the even first layer.

Therefore, it is better to use two thinner layers for leveling.

What if there are large indentations on the floor?

If large holes are found on the floor (which could have formed due to the heavy load in this place), then it will not be possible to simply lay plywood here - it will repeat the contour of the recess.




Gluing plywood to the floor

Laying plywood on a concrete floor allows you to hide small irregularities in the screed and make it warmer.

To attach the sheets, you will need glue and dowel-screws. From tools: notched trowel, puncher, screwdriver or screwdriver.

Glue with the addition of pine resin is best suited (often it is not indicated in the composition, but its presence can be determined by smell); this is, for example, Thomsit 200 or 400.

For better adhesion of the adhesive to plywood and concrete, the floor is pre-primed.

The length of the dowels is chosen so that they go deep into the screed by 4-5 cm.


• Before starting work, the screed is thoroughly cleaned of dust and debris and coated with a deep penetration primer.
• We apply glue with a notched trowel on plywood or on the floor and lay it with offset joints. We also leave technological gaps of 2-5 mm between the sheets and near the wall.
• For additional fixation, we drill holes with a puncher, insert dowels and twist so that the screw heads do not stick out.
• We close the gaps between the sheets gypsum plaster. If later it is planned to lay the laminate on plywood, then you can leave them as they are, or seal them with sealant.
• When the plaster hardens, it is treated with a grout mesh and the seams are glued with reinforced tape.

Adjustable plywood studs

Plywood on studs The next technology is the installation of an adjustable floor.



Laying plywood on the floor along the logs


In addition to leveling, laying plywood on logs allows you to make additional insulation or floor soundproofing. Compared to standard when the logs are sheathed with a grooved board, plywood allows you to speed up the process. With a standard lag step of 50-60 cm, plywood 15-22 mm thick will suffice.

• Irregularities of the screed can be corrected by filling them fine sand. Cracks in the corners should be patched mounting foam(this is especially true in panel houses).
• When installing on a concrete floor, it is almost always important to use waterproofing, as concrete can release moisture even years after pouring, and the wood will rot on the underside over time.

It is easy to check this yourself: put a plastic wrap on the day. If perspiration forms under it, then waterproofing is required. The easiest way for such a floor is to make waterproofing from ordinary polyethylene film, gluing it together with adhesive tape with an overlap on the walls.

• If there is a desire, then it is impossible to make a rigid fastening of the lag to ceilings or walls. It is advisable to install them on felt or rubber linings so that small vibration noises are damped. Logs should not touch the walls, step back from them 2-3 cm.
• Before starting the installation of the first log, you need to find zero level, relative to which all other lags will be aligned.


• The beam for the lags is set according to the level; wooden linings can be used for additional alignment. The main thing is that the timber should be stable: in the future, the sheathing will connect it and it will not budge.


• Additionally, for plywood, it is recommended to make intermediate logs so that the size of the cells is small and the sheets can be well drawn to the frame. To do this, connect the logs with crossbars from scraps, screwing them with steel corners. It is advisable to select the size of the cells in such a way that they are a multiple of the dimensions of the plywood, and the edge of the sheet always falls on the log.
• If necessary, insulation and soundproofing, a heater is placed in the cells between the lags on the waterproofing - mineral wool. It should be cut clearly according to the size of the cells so that the edges are not bent. It is closed from above vapor barrier membrane, which will remove moisture, but will not allow it to get inside. It is attached with a stapler to the lags.
• In any case, you need to leave a gap of at least 2 cm under the plywood so as not to disturb the ventilation of the floor. If there is no gap left after the insulation and fastening of the vapor barrier, a 100 * 25 mm board is screwed onto the logs, which will act as a counter-lattice.
• An important point - right choice self-tapping screws. Ordinary black hardened self-tapping screws will not work for this job. Bad screwdrivers will simply not screw them all the way to the end, and good ones will break them. Therefore, you need to use special yellow wood screws with a powerful mounting hole.
• So that the floor does not creak in the future and the plywood is better pressed against the logs, you must first drill the place of scrolling with a wood drill (with a sharp end).


• As in previous cases, the sheets are laid apart to avoid cruciform joints (should be T-shaped).

This approach allows you to prepare a reliable base for laying linoleum, vinyl tiles, carpet, parquet, and if the differences are less than 2 mm per meter, you can even

- an operation that allows short time and to level the floor surface with maximum quality without dismantling the old floor covering. Before starting to execute installation work, it is necessary to choose a material that meets the requirements of the technological process in all respects:

• grade;
• thickness;
• resistance to moisture;
• impregnation quality (and by what means);
• number of layers;
• resistance to mechanical damage;
• bending strength.

The advantages that such a surface leveling method has, such as laying plywood on a wooden floor, are undeniable. This is a low price and high level material strength, ease of processing, ease of installation. It is also important that preparatory work reduced to a minimum.

Features of the installation of a wooden coating

You can put plywood on the floor in cases where the floor boards dry out and become unusable, replacing failed elements is impossible or unprofitable.

To achieve a positive result, it is important to strictly comply with the requirements and rules of the technological process:

• Plywood is laid on a wooden floor only if there is no deflection along the logs and complete dismantling of the floor is not required.
• In the room where the work is planned to be carried out, there should be no high humidity.
• Laying is carried out dry. According to the plan, 3 seams should converge at one point.
• There must be gaps of at least 1 cm between individual sheets and between plywood and walls.
• Laying is carried out in strict accordance with the plan and markings, and for this all sheets are numbered before installation.
• When fixing sheets with self-tapping screws, all fasteners are placed at a certain distance from each other. The step size is 20 cm, the indent from the edge of the sheet is 2 cm. The self-tapping screws should be drowned by 1-2 mm.
• Self-tapping screws are chosen so that their length exceeds the thickness of plywood by 3 times.

Before proceeding with installation, it is necessary to carry out a moisture test. To do this, you will have to lay a plastic film on the floor and only after 3 days, making sure that there is no condensation on its reverse side, make a positive decision to carry out the work.

Important! Before you start laying plywood on an old wooden floor, the base must be processed grinder and impregnate with a primer, which includes antiseptic additives.

Such processing will provide full protection of the structure from decay, the appearance of fungus and mold.

Material preparation and cutting

Before laying plywood on wooden floors, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work, including determining the maximum difference, identifying dips or bends, which can be leveled with a special substrate or board tightening. If there are differences exceeding 1 cm, it will be necessary to lay additional logs made of bars of small thickness.

When choosing plywood, it is important to consider what the final flooring will be like:

• linoleum;
• carpet;
• laminate;

From thickness floor material depends on the thickness of the stacked sheets. In order to lay plywood on an old wooden floor, you will need a special set of tools:

• jigsaw and screwdriver;
• sealant and spirit level;
• tape measure and construction pencil.

The floor surface also requires preliminary preparation, which consists in grinding, priming, and possibly additional fixation of the boards.

You need to cut the purchased sheets of plywood before starting work. This operation is performed in accordance with the layout plan and the size of the room. The layout starts from the far wall.

On the plan of the room, its middle is marked, which will correspond to the middle of the first sheet. From it, subsequent elements will be laid in different directions. You can determine their shape and number by dividing the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room into squares with a side of 60 cm.

During cutting, we must not forget that there should be a gap between the walls and structural elements. Otherwise, the floor will “rise” and the plywood flooring will have to be dismantled.

As will be shown on the plan, number the components, cutting out bends and protrusions if necessary. The difficulty is laying plywood on an old floor from boards in a room with complex geometry; the exact numbering of structural elements is especially important here.

Work order

How to lay plywood on a wooden floor? It is important to follow the installation plan exactly and strictly follow the installation sequence.

If there is a difference exceeding 1 cm, the frame is installed around the entire perimeter of the room and the lag is fixed, made of plywood. Their width is 30 cm, and the distance between them should not exceed the indicated figure. The laying of the coating sheets is carried out in such a way that the joints between them fall exactly in the middle of each log, between which a thin insulation can be placed.

The absence of drops or their size, which does not reach 1 cm, allows plywood to be laid on the substrate. In this case, it is important to remember the need for gaps between walls and sheets, as well as strictly follow the installation sequence, paying attention to the numbering of sheets.

The substrate is spread close to the walls. Fixing the floor material is not required, but if desired, it can be fixed in several places with staples of a construction stapler.

Plywood is laid directly on top of the substrate, doing this with an offset and in accordance with the plan.

Self-tapping screws are screwed along the edges and diagonals. Mounting step - 20 cm.

During installation, make sure that all screw heads are screwed in. This will make it easier and safer to carry out further work. After the installation is completed, the surface is ground and treated with antiseptic compounds.

How to fasten plywood to wooden floor? This question interests many. And why does it need to be fixed to the floor at all? What functions does it perform? Let's consider everything in more detail.

Why is plywood needed?

When laying finishing material on the floor, preliminary leveling of the base is necessary. If this is not done, then not only appearance finishes, but also its integrity. For example, click-to-lock laminate can crack, linoleum can rub off at bulges, etc.

The best option for leveling a wooden floor is plywood. Plywood is a multilayer veneer, which is interconnected with a special glue. The material is divided into three main types: peeled, planed and sawn. According to the texture, homogeneous and combined plywood is distinguished. Depending on the surface treatment, the material is divided into sanded, non-sanded and laminated types. According to the degree of moisture resistance, plywood of limited moisture resistance (FB), medium moisture resistance (FK, FS, FBA) and moisture resistant (FSF) are distinguished.

For leveling, it is better to use FK plywood 10 or 12 mm thick with a surface sanded on one side. It is these sheets that are distinguished by sufficient strength and reliability. If, however, a fairly heavy finish with a significant thickness is laid on top (for example, parquet 22 mm thick), then the sheets, respectively, must be taken in large sizes. You can also use a moisture resistant type of material. However, it will cost more, which must be taken into account when buying.

How to fix plywood to a wooden floor? For work, you need to stock up on a drill, screwdriver, hammer, electric jigsaw, tape measure and building level.

Preparing the material for laying

How to lay plywood on a wooden floor? First, the plywood must be prepared for laying. In any case, keep the material in a horizontal position indoors for 1-2 days. If plywood is purchased during the cold season, it is recommended to dry it. To do this, it should be left in an upright position for about 2 weeks. After that, the material is coated with an antiseptic fungicide and dried.

To improve the moisture-resistant properties of plywood, processing with PVA-based putty will help. After applying the composition, the sheets are dried in a vertical position. However, it is not recommended to use the material on open balconies and loggias.

The strength of plywood can be improved by applying 2 layers of acrylic varnish to its surface. The second layer is applied after the first has dried.

Laying technology

Before laying the plywood, the wooden floor must be prepared for finishing.

Old rotten boards should be removed, new ones should be put in their place. You can treat the surface with a planer, cleaning off the old layer.

If the boards are poorly fixed, stagger, then they should be fixed with nails or self-tapping screws. After that, all dirt and dust is removed from the surface.

The next step is laying out the plywood on the floor. Previously, the sheets are laid out on a wooden floor, marks are made at the cut points with a pencil and a tape measure. All sheets are numbered, which excludes incorrect fastening further.

Next, you can proceed to laying and fastening sheets. Consider how to lay plywood on wooden floors. Laying should start from the corner that is located above all the others. Sheets are fastened with self-tapping screws. The interval between the fasteners should be 15-20 cm, the distance from the edge - 1.5-2.0 cm. It is recommended to take the length of the self-tapping screw equal to the thickness of the plywood sheet, increased by 3 times.

You can also use nails to connect. However, the process takes much longer, and the reliability of the connection is similar to fastening with self-tapping screws.

After attaching the first sheet, the canvases are laid further. At the same time, it is important to take into account that plywood must be laid in a run-up, that is, the corners of adjacent sheets should not be connected at one point. This makes the base more durable and reliable, eliminating the risk of deformation of the canvas.

With each subsequent laying of the sheet, it is necessary to check the evenness of their location. For this, it is used building level. The evenness is checked both on the sheet itself and its location relative to another sheet. For this, the building level is located at the junction of two adjacent elements.

If the plank base has small differences in height, then they are filled special substrate or self-leveling compound. If the differences are large (from 1 cm per sq. M), then it is necessary to install logs. Their position and height are regulated by the building level.

If the floor needs to be given additional strength (in places where heavy objects, furniture are installed), plywood is laid in two layers. The sheets are glued together with PVA glue.

This completes the laying of plywood on a wooden floor. Now you can proceed to further installation of the finishing material.

Plywood is an economical building material that is used as a base for further work or is used to level the floor for future flooring (parquet, laminate, linoleum).

The advantages of using it for finishing the surfaces of the room:

• strength;
• moisture resistance;
• heat resistance;
• high-quality sound insulation;
• environmental friendliness.

It is important to decide before starting work suitable material. Depending on the specifications and operational properties, the market offers a wide selection of this building material.

Types of plywood:

• Moisture resistant on urea resin (FC). The advantage is the elasticity and strength of the material.
• Unpolished on casein glue (NSh). Requires sanding before gluing.
• For subfloor (Sh1). Feature - polished on one side. The glue base is casein.
• Sanded on both sides, based on casein (Sh2).

When choosing plywood, you need to pay attention to a number of important nuances, on which the properties of the sheets and the possibility of their application directly depend. Moisture resistance, material of manufacture and formaldehyde content are the main evaluation criteria when choosing a building material.

The most suitable option for internal works moisture resistant sheets FK.

Depending on the defects of the wood and the shortcomings of the processing, there are 4 types of it:

• Grade 1 - a small number of flaws or their complete absence is acceptable;
• Grade 2 - there may be scratches and dents, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich does not exceed 5% of the total area plywood sheet;
• Grade 3 - the presence of healthy, partially fused knots and the presence of wood inserts are acceptable;
• Grade 4 - material where allowed a large number of defects and flaws.

Considering the cost and quality of the most suitable option is a building material of the 2nd grade.

Cutting and fitting plywood

Determine quantity required material can be calculated by calculating the surface area of ​​the floor. It is important when calculating to add about 10% to the stock. Standard sizes sheets this building material, usually 1.25 x 1.25 m. Working with such parameters is not always convenient. Accordingly, the preliminary cut will simplify the fitting and laying of building material.

Please note that the best option is to cut into 4 squares. This will enable you to get right amount expansion joints required for best styling warm floor.

The simplest tool for sawing is a hacksaw. But there may not always be an effective and quick result. The ideal option will use a jigsaw or circular saw- They do not leave any chips or delaminations.

When the material is cut, it must be laid out on the surface for preliminary adjustment. In this case, the use of glue or screws is excluded.

Please note that it is necessary to leave 8 - 10 mm seams between the squares and 15 - 20 mm between building material and walls. By numbering the elements or drawing up a diagram of the covered area, you can greatly simplify the final work.

Methods for attaching plywood to the base

Attaching plywood to concrete floor can be carried out using dowels and glue. Today, there are several types of building materials on the market. adhesive compositions.

Its application features directly depend on their basis:

• on the water based(safe for human health, but dries for a very long time);
• on a solvent (advantage - quick drying, disadvantage - pungent odor);
• based on two components (no pungent odor, dries in a short period of time).

by the most preferred view glue for plywood on the concrete floor is exactly a two-component adhesive. Its use is possible even in the case of gluing plywood to a partially dried screed.

Step by step guide to stacking sheets

Laying plywood on a concrete floor is carried out in several stages. If you strictly follow the instructions, you will not have to involve specialists, which will significantly reduce costs. How to fix it to the concrete floor in several stages is described below.

Concrete base moisture test

In order to avoid delamination of the plywood coating in the future, it is important to monitor the moisture content of the base. It must not exceed allowable value, otherwise the plywood may delaminate in the future.

At home, humidity can be checked with plastic wrap. The film is laid out on concrete and press down its edges with a load. After a week, check the condition of the film.

In the presence of condensed moisture, lay given material it is forbidden. Before this, with the help of the appropriate compounds, it must be created additional protection from moisture.

Cleaning the base

Plywood floors on a concrete floor should only be laid after stripping and priming. With the help of a grinder, grinding the base is not difficult.

Cracks, other defects must be repaired with special mixtures, for example, cement-sand mortar. The base must be thoroughly cleaned of dust. Ideally, an industrial vacuum cleaner is used for this.

Never use a broom with water for cleaning. Moisturizing the screed will harm quality fastening plywood sheets.

Foundation primer

Before mounting the sheets, it is necessary to prime the concrete base. For priming, it is better to use the compositions recommended by the manufacturer of the selected building material.

• eliminates the smallest particles of dust;
• provides the base with maximum strength;
• ensures the strength and reliability of the connection of materials;
• prevents residual moisture.

plywood laying

According to the numbering of the sheets or guided by the drawn surface scheme, it is necessary to glue the sheets of building material.

The sequence of laying out building materials on the floor is carried out in several stages:

• via notched trowel concrete base covered with a layer of glue up to 2 mm. Please note that glue is best applied small areas in order to have time to lay out plywood sheets before the adhesive substance begins to set;
• according to the previously drawn scheme, plywood is laid out on the concrete. The sheet is recommended to be rolled with a heavy roller;
• using self-tapping screws with dowels around the perimeter and diagonally, the sheets must be additionally fixed. It is recommended to fix the self-tapping screws at a distance of 150 - 200 mm from each other, there should be a distance of at least 20 mm between the wall and the flooring. The diameter of the holes for the screws should be of such a size that when screwing in, its cap is recessed;
• to get rid of minor discrepancies in the height of adjacent sheets, to eliminate burrs and other minor defects, process the stacked sheets with a grinder or sandpaper.

Checking work

Any coating can be laid on a flat treated floor. But before that, it is important to check the work and eliminate, if found, all errors.

It can be done in three steps:

• there should be gaps between the elements, and it is also important to check the distance between the walls and the laying;
• the allowable discrepancy in surface height should be within 2 mm;
• it is important to check that there is no air space between the plywood and the concrete. To do this, gently tap wooden block or with a hammer of the same material on the surface. The sound should not be muffled.

Conclusion

Plywood sheets are a strong, durable material that practically does not undergo deformation. Sheets laid on frozen concrete screed, it perfect solution for private houses, apartments, where floor level differences are a real problem.

Environmental friendliness of the material, its strength, affordable cost, the possibility self-assembly delight every potential buyer.

• Date: 20-09-2015
• Views: 727
• Comments:
• Rating: 43

New technologies for decorating rooms affect and floor coverings. In most cases, cork, laminate and parquet are used. You should be aware that such materials can only be laid on flat surface. That is why quite often people are faced with the need to level the floor base made of wood.

For the house, it is better to choose plywood of the FC brand, it is less toxic and well protected from moisture.

There are several methods on how to do this. One of them is the alignment of the floor base with plywood. In order to properly carry out all the work, you will need to know how and with what you can fix plywood to a wooden floor. In addition, you need to know what kind of surface preparation work you need to do.

Advantages

The principle of leveling a wooden floor with plywood on adjustable logs.

It makes sense to use plywood for floor leveling, because it has the following advantages:

1. Low cost.
2. Neighboring layers are perpendicular, so plywood sheets will have good strength in all directions.
3. Plywood sheets are produced in large sizes, which makes it possible to perform accelerated installation in large areas.
4. Plywood sheets can bend well, and they will not break.
5. Plywood sheets are quite easy to transport.
6. Such sheets are unpretentious in use.

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Nuances when laying

Laying plywood on a wooden floor is especially important when the plank floors dry out, loosen and become unusable. Plywood allows you to make repairs in an optimal way - with minimal cash and labor costs.

When sheets on a wooden floor, it is important to know the following nuances:

1. First of all, you will need to check whether the wooden floors sag along the logs. If there are deflections, then it is necessary to completely disassemble the floor covering and repair the base of the wooden floor. If the problem is not in the lags, then it is best to lay plywood on a wooden base.
2. It should be remembered that plywood should not be used where there are large temperature differences and high humidity. for bathroom and unheated premises plywood sheets will not work. To check if there is high humidity near the floor, you need to tightly put a sheet of polyethylene measuring 1x1 m and leave for 3 days. If on inside If there is no condensation on the polyethylene sheet, plywood can be laid on the floor.
3. The plywood is laid dry with an offset so that at least 3 seams converge at one point. Separate sheets are adjusted to the size of the room, while you need to bypass the ledges and fill in the niches. In the process of carrying out such a procedure, it must be remembered that a gap of about 9-10 mm must be left between the scattered plywood. In the future, these gaps will be covered. There should also be gaps between the walls and plywood, which in the future are covered with skirting boards.
4. In order not to confuse fitted sheets in the process final assembly, you need to number them and draw up a plan.
5. Plywood sheets are best cut into 60 cm squares. In this way, a suitable number of damper joints can be obtained. In this case, it will be easier to find delaminations that may not be noticed in solid sheets.
6. Before final laying of plywood, it is recommended to thoroughly clean the base from dust and other contaminants. You can also perform priming, which consists in treating the floor surface with a primer.
7. Plywood must be installed with glue. If glue is not to be used, each sheet must be fixed with self-tapping screws along the edges and diagonals. The fastening pitch should be 18-20 cm. The indentation from the edges should be 2 cm. The screw heads are recessed.
8. Fasteners must exceed the thickness of the sheets along the length of at least 3 times. For example, 40 mm self-tapping screws are suitable for 12 mm sheets.
9. After laying, the base must be carefully sanded. This can be done using parquet sanders and sandpaper with large grains.

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Preparation work

Installation of plywood on a wooden floor must be done correctly and using necessary tools. The master must have experience with all the tools to be used.

For laying plywood, the following elements are needed:

1. Screwdriver.
2. Electric jigsaw.
3. Building level.
4. Roulette.
5. Self-tapping screws.
6. Dowels.
7. Glue for wood.
8. Plywood sheets.
9. Sealant.

Before leveling a wooden floor with plywood, you need to check the base for suitability for use. In addition, you need to replace old boards and repair creaking elements. It is recommended to check the evenness of the base using the building level.

If the floor surface is not too flat, then it is worth determining the maximum difference in the base. If you need to smooth out small irregularities, you should use a floor underlay. If there are differences of more than 1 cm, you will need to lay the log horizontally. They can be set using the water level.

The choice of plywood sheets will depend on the flooring that is planned to be laid. If you plan to lay carpet or linoleum, it is recommended to purchase sheets of small thickness. If laminate or parquet boards will be laid, plywood 10 mm thick or more must be purchased.

The thickness of the plywood sheets that are laid under the laminate or parquet board, should not be less than the thickness of the floor covering.

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Plywood brand

Before installation, it is important to choose suitable brand plywood sheets. It can be determined according to the moisture resistance of the material. For industrial construction, the FB and FOF brands are used. For individual works for construction, plywood of the FSF and FK brands is intended.

FC brand plywood can be used in children's rooms or bedrooms because it uses a phenol-free glue in the manufacturing process, which makes the plywood harmless to human health. It has an average level of moisture resistance and is resistant to mechanical stress.

Plywood brand FSF has elevated level moisture resistance, wear resistance and mechanical strength. These properties will not change with changes in temperature and humidity. This is achieved thanks to special resins, but this makes such plywood toxic. Such material is not recommended for use in living rooms.