To create a masterpiece, you need to prepare. No matter how high-quality the finishing material is, all its advantages can be revealed only on properly prepared walls. Preparing walls for decorative plaster is not much different from preparing for applying any other type of finish. The surface must be cleaned of wallpaper residues, old paint, whitewash, without striving to achieve perfect smoothness. Most formulations perfectly hide small defects, your task is to eliminate large ones.
Preparation stages
- Decorative plaster is the last stage of construction or renovation. Windows and doors should be installed, work on the ceiling and floor should be completed, the premises should be cleared of debris, dust and dirt.
- The surface is prepared as for painting. It must be leveled, repaired with scratches, chips, gouges, cracks and covered with acrylic primer, with the exception of matt ATF.
- If the surface is not dense enough, it should be treated with a strengthening or restoring primer. The primer strengthens the wall, serves as additional protection against moisture and improves the adhesion of the coating to the surface. The walls of rooms with high humidity must be treated with antifungal agents.
- Cracks should be "opened" and filled with a special filler.
- The primed surfaces are putty, each layer of the putty must be dried within 24 hours.
- To avoid cracking, it is recommended to use a serpyanka or non-woven wallpaper. The joints must be carefully putty and sanded after drying.
- Each layer of putty is coated with a deep penetrating acrylic primer.
- It is not allowed to use finishing putty materials that prevent absorption, in particular, materials based on alabaster and oil-glue base.
- Fine abrasive paper is used to sand the surface.
- Before you start painting, you should make preliminary paints. This procedure is necessary in order to pre-evaluate the texture of the finished coating and its shade.
The above sequence of actions for preparing walls for decorative plaster is the most common. In each case, the preparation may differ depending on the properties of the material, the characteristics of the room and the desired result. The requirements for the surface are much lower when using structural compositions.
Structural plasters are a versatile finishing material that can be used on all base surfaces, both outside and inside the building. With their help, even the most ordinary house can become a masterpiece. Structural plaster is flexible and easy to apply. Among its undoubted advantages are almost limitless possibilities for experimenting with the texture and color of the surface.
Before deciding on a style revolution and choosing a method of applying decorative plaster, it is better to consult in detail with a finishing specialist. For all its promising efficiency, decorative compositions are not the cheapest material and only a thoughtful approach will help you avoid unnecessary costs. We invite you to familiarize yourself with a few dozen secrets on the use of this finishing material - in the video below.
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At the final stages of finishing, the correct preparation of the walls for decorative plaster plays a very important role. The thing is that the aesthetic properties of such a material can be fully revealed only if the defects of the surface itself do not interfere with them.
That is why the preparatory stage should be approached with all responsibility.
Structural decorative mixes are a truly versatile material. The decoration is used both for outdoor work and indoors. With the help of such a decor, a skilled craftsman will be able to add individuality and give a unique style to even the most ordinary, typical house.
The structural mixture has sufficient plasticity, it is applied (with certain skills, of course!) Very easily, so this type of finishing is quite within the power of not only professional builders, but also self-taught craftsmen.
In addition, it is the fact that it allows you to experiment with the texture and color of the resulting surface. The final design is limited only by your skill and imagination.
What should be the surface? The technology of preparatory work is not too different from the preparation of walls for painting and wallpapering. However, you should not be zealous either - the decorative mixture, due to its plasticity, perfectly hides all minor defects.
So we don't need a perfectly smooth wall, but we still have to work on eliminating large irregularities.
Surface preparation stages
It should be remembered that the application of decorative finishes is the final stage of finishing the premises (it does not matter whether we are talking about the construction of a new house or about a major overhaul).
It is applied as a final touch when the windows and doors have already been installed, the flooring has been laid, and the debris has been taken out of the room and walked over it with a vacuum cleaner.
If initially it was ordinary, the layer should stand for at least four weeks before their decorative finishing.
Instructions:
Note! The presence of oil stains on the base is highly undesirable. If such stains are present, they should be removed with a solvent and the surface washed with a mild soapy solution.
Cleaning
We carefully examine the cleaned surface. If it is not firm enough, treat it with a repairing or strengthening primer. Compositions such as Acryl-Hidrosol (for surfaces prone to shedding) and Tiefgrund TV (for old gypsum plaster or drywall) have shown themselves well, the estimated price is from 160 rubles. per liter.
Note! If the room in which the walls are to be finished has a high level of humidity, along with the primer, the walls should be treated with an antifungal compound.
Elimination of cracks
If a sufficiently thick layer, the texture of which has a pronounced appearance, the surface putty is not necessary. But if you plan to apply a thin layer of smooth plaster, then you will need a perfectly flat surface. Otherwise, the defects in the base will show through the decor, and the consumption of the decorative coating will be much higher. And this can hit your pocket very sensitively!
Plastering
Note! To prevent the putty from flaking, it must be impregnated, so give up the idea of using fillers that prevent absorption (based on alabaster or based on oil and glue).
- After the putty is complete, sand the surface. The best result is obtained by hand sanding with a fine-grain emery paper.
The primer mixture for decorative plaster is applied taking into account the following points:
- The thickness of the primer layer must be at least 20 mm, otherwise it is almost impossible to achieve uniformity of the decorative layer.
- When grouting the primer, a significant compaction is required.
- Draw the rubbed and compacted primer into squares.
- After the primer has been applied, we moisten it for at least 7 days (we process it with a damp sponge 3-4 times a day)
Decorative plaster, both smooth and textured, can be applied to the surface treated in this way.
Any work begins with preparation, whether it is pouring the foundation, wallpapering the walls or plastering. The end result will depend on this important step. That is why high-quality preparation of walls for decorative plaster is needed. Step-by-step instructions will help you cope with this task.
Preparing the necessary tools
Even a novice builder can perform the preparatory stage. The process itself, though responsible, is simple. Here's what you need from the tools:
- a set of spatulas - narrow, medium, wide;
- plumb line and level to control surface evenness or laser level;
- a piece of sandpaper, a sander with a cutting and polishing wheel;
- wide brush for applying the primer;
- hammer drill;
- polyethylene film, scotch tape (masking tape is better);
- screwdriver;
- hammer;
- mixer attachment for a drill;
- plastic bucket for kneading;
- rags and sponge.
You need a little materials, these are:
- primer to improve adhesion;
- putty for leveling the surface;
- thinner to remove old paint.
If the walls to be prepared have wallpaper, you will need a spray bottle. With its help, the wallpaper is peeled off by soaking. When everything is prepared, you can get to work.
Stages of work
A clear understanding of the next steps will help simplify the task. It is not a set of actions, but an orderly step-by-step process. Preparation of walls for decorative plaster includes the following stages:
- Surface cleaning.
- Surface priming.
- Putty work.
The technology implies the correct and precise implementation of these stages. For this, it is important to consider each of them in detail.
Surface cleaning
It doesn't matter if the surface is being prepared in a new building, or it is a living room in which cosmetic repairs are being made. The primary task is to provide high-quality traction with the surface. To do this, it is cleared of all unnecessary. Step-by-step instruction:
The walls have been cleared, but that's not all. Further work depends on the circumstances. If the walls are flat and plastered, then you can proceed with the primer. If these are bare and uneven walls, then leveling plaster is needed.
Wall alignment
For a new building, it is not required to remove the old coating, since it simply does not exist yet. Nevertheless, the walls are also cleaned of dust and dirt. It remains to apply the base and top coat of plaster. After all, any wall, concrete, wood, or brick, has flaws. Plaster will help get rid of them.
If the plumb line and level showed that the deviations are small, then a leveling layer of plaster is sufficient. Mixtures for decorative work are not suitable, since they are calculated for a layer of no more than 1.5 mm. And from the financial point of view, it is unprofitable. Therefore, plaster is ideal. Do-it-yourself application of a leveling compound can be seen here:
There is another option called dry. To do this, you will need to sheathe the surface with plasterboard sheets. You just need to determine which meta to use:
Padding
The surface needs to be primed before applying any material. The mixture improves adhesion between materials and reduces the consumption of cladding. Therefore, the operational layer of decorative plaster will be increased significantly.
You can find a large number of different primer formulations in the store. They have their own purpose and scope. For example, if the room is rather humid, then there is a risk of mold and mildew. Therefore, it is better to choose a primer containing antiseptic substances. Still on sale you can find compositions for decorative plaster. Usually Venetian stucco is meant. When the composition is purchased, you can start working.
Advice! How much primer is required? The mixture is applied to the wall surface without gaps. In this case, it is recommended to apply two coats. First, find out the area of the walls. For example, two walls are 3 m long and 2.2 m high, and the other two are 4 m long and 2.2 m high.The total wall area is: (3 × 2.2) × 2 + (4 × 2.2) × 2 = 30.8 m2. If the consumption of the primer is 200 ml per 1 m2, then for application in 2 layers you need: (30.8 × 200) × 2 = 12320 ml of the composition.
There are three ways to apply a primer:
- roller;
- brush;
- spray gun.
The fastest way is to work with a spray gun. But the equipment is expensive, so not everyone can afford it. The average method for simplicity and speed is using a roller. On flat surfaces, it does an excellent job. But it is better to process hard-to-reach places with a paint brush. The primer layer must be uniform. The entire surface of the wall is processed without exception. When the first coat is applied, you need to wait for it to dry. The packaging indicates how long it will take. And only then the second layer is applied. This completes the preparation of the walls. The base putty remains.
Putty
- Using a wide trowel, a layer of putty is applied to the wall.
- After drying, the wall is sanded with emery paper, or the surplus and fillings of the filler are "trimmed" with a spatula.
- A finishing layer of putty is applied.
- The wall is sanded.
Attention! To ensure that the wall does not crack, it is recommended to glue the surface with fiberglass before filling.
You need to understand that filling is necessary if in the future a thin-layer decorative plaster like Venetian is applied to the wall. The surface should be perfectly flat, without cracks, crevices and other flaws.
When using textured compounds, filling is not performed. Why is that? A texture mixture such as a fur coat, rain or leonardo must be applied in a thick layer. After application, the surface is additionally processed using a shaped roller or rubber stamp. They give the desired structure to the surface. This means that this decorative layer is from 3 to 5 mm. In addition to the decorative part, the layer can hide all the minor imperfections of the wall.
There are some tips and nuances that are important to consider when preparing the walls:
- Each layer of putty must dry well before you can work on it.
- To prevent cracks during operation, when filling drywall seams, a serpyanka mesh is used.
- Before applying a decorative layer, a surface treatment with a primer is required.
- Masking tape and plastic wrap are needed to protect untreated areas. For example, it covers a window, doors, pipes, so as not to cover up during work. You can also lay the film on the floor. This will make it easier to clean the removed old cladding.
Here's what to do before preparing the walls for decorative plastering.
Conclusion
Having gained patience, having prepared the necessary tools and materials for work, you can easily cope with the task. Step-by-step instructions will help you to correctly complete each of the preparation stages.
Proper preparation of walls for decorative plastering is very important. The appearance of the applied coating depends on the quality of its implementation.
Decorative plaster is understood as a special multi-layer coating that forms a given original texture on the walls to be treated. The latter can have a different look. It depends on the shape and size of the decorative plaster filler, the tools with which it is applied, and directly on the method of applying the composition.
Now the described mixtures for creating original interiors of premises are very popular. Decorative plaster is characterized by the following advantages:
- relatively low cost of the material;
- an abundance of colors and textures;
- minimal susceptibility to household mechanical damage;
- quick and easy application to walls;
- the possibility of using for finishing exteriors () and interiors.
Decorative mixtures for creating original interiors of premises
In addition, the considered plaster mixtures are easily cleaned of contamination. It is difficult to imagine a more practical and at the same time truly beautiful material for decoration.
Decorative plaster is usually subdivided into several varieties. It happens:
- Structural. Such compositions are made on the basis of latexes (synthetic) or on a mineral basis. Structural plaster is a heterogeneous granular mixture to which small pieces of wood fibers, mica or quartz are added.
- Textured. Decorative material of various shades, made on the basis of synthetic binder components. Crumbs of stones (natural), cotton and linen fibers, and other fillers are added to such compositions.
- Venetian. A mixture based on marble dust (also called flour). is a transparent material. Once solidified on the walls, it gives them a unique marble effect.
- Stone. This material consists of binders and natural stone chips. It is used in cases when the home owner wants to get a fine-grained unusual coating on the wall surfaces.
There is also another type of decorative plaster coating - silicate. It is characterized by increased strength, not prone to natural pollution, well resists mechanical damage. Only walls with quartz inclusions are treated with silicate plaster. It is not suitable for other surfaces. Remember this.
These compositions are allowed to be applied to walls made of any building materials, be it metal, wood, brick or concrete. Such plaster for decoration allows the treated surfaces to breathe. In addition, it is not afraid of moisture, being waterproof. The service life of textured and structural compositions is measured in decades. At the same time, the walls for their application are allowed to be prepared not very carefully.
Preparing the wall for applying textured plaster
You don't need to level the surfaces to perfect condition at all. Such material, in the process of using it, will itself hide all the bulges, small gaps and other small flaws on the wall. Preparation of walls for decorative plaster (structural and textured) is as follows:
- You clean the wall surface from the old finish.
- Remove oil stains, if any, with solvent, and then wash the wall with regular soapy water.
- Seal deep cracks with cement mixture.
- Treat the walls with an antifungal mixture (in dry rooms this may not be done), then apply a primer to them.
- When the primer mixture is completely dry, treat the wall with putty. It will level the surface. Basically, the putty is used as a base for the subsequent application of decorative plaster. If you plan to process the walls with a thick embossed layer, it is allowed not to use the putty composition.
- After a day (so much time is required for the putty to dry), it is necessary to treat the wall surfaces with an acrylic-type primer. It perfectly improves the adhesion of the layers.
The last stage in preparing the walls is sanding them with fine-grained sandpaper. As you can see, the home master should not have any real difficulties in preparing surfaces for plastering. Just follow the instructions above.
Surface treatment before using Venetian plaster should be done much more carefully. This is due to the peculiarities of the decorative material. The work flow chart is shown below:
- Qualitatively and carefully clean the walls from all existing dirt.
- Remove the old whitewash and layers of oil paint. After that, you should carefully sand the cleaned surface.
- Level the wall with a suitable filler. This stage of work must be approached very responsibly. If you don't make the walls really even, the beauty of Venetian plaster, which includes 2-3 transparent layers, will be invisible.
- Grind by hand (stop using a grinder) the smallest irregularities and sagging on the surface to be treated.
- Apply a primer to the leveled walls (use deep penetration mixtures).
Let's repeat one more time. Surfaces for Venetian decorative compositions must be brought to perfect condition. You may need to expand existing seams on previously painted or plastered walls and repair gaps and cracks in them.
Leveling the surface under the Venetian decorative composition
In some cases, such procedures have to be repeated 2-3 times. The work is laborious. But without it, it makes no sense to decorate the walls with Venetian plaster. It will not provide the expected stunning effect. Finally, we have prepared some important tips that will help you to qualitatively prepare the walls for decorative coating. Here they are:
- Do not use putty mixtures based on oil-glue and alabaster. Use any other formulation, but not these.
- The thickness of the primer must be at least 2 cm.
- It is advisable to put putty on the serpyanka - a self-adhesive construction mesh, which is placed on the wall. In this case, the surface treatment must be carried out with a special trowel of large width.
- For priming walls, it is recommended to use exclusively acrylic compounds. Primers performed well Tiefgrund TV(they are used to treat plasterboard and plaster surfaces) and Acryl-Hydrosol(ideal for crumbling walls).
Spend time on high-quality preparation of wall surfaces for applying decorative plaster on them, and you will get a truly ideal interior in your home!