Cement-sand mortar consumption m3. How much does a solution cube weigh? Features of the preparation of masonry mortar

In order to prepare concrete, you will need three components: cement, sand and crushed stone. Compliance with the proportions of the main components affects the quality of the finished product. Let us consider in more detail what is the consumption of cement per 1 cubic meter of solution.

How much cement is needed per cube of concrete

Depending on the purpose of the concrete, it is made with a certain strength. For example, the M100 brand is used for pouring the foundations of roads and creating curbs, M150 - for the construction of small buildings, M200 - for pouring foundations.

If there is too little cement in concrete, it is not able to hold the binder and filler, and such material will quickly collapse under the influence of external factors. Conversely, significantly exceeding the volume of the hardener will lead to cracking of the final product.

How many bags of cement do you need for 1 cube of concrete

It is better to purchase building materials in bags, packaged in 50 kg each, as it is easier to calculate the proportions of the components. For example, for the manufacture of concrete mix for a foundation, the recommended ratio of cement, sand, crushed stone and water is 1:3:5:0.5 ... This means that for 1 bucket of cement you need to take 3 buckets of sand, 5 buckets of rubble (gravel) and half a bucket of water.

To calculate the cement consumption per 1 m2 of screed, use a calculator. First, you need to calculate the required volume of the solution: multiply the thickness by the surface area. So, for the manufacture of a screed with a thickness of 30 mm for a room with an area of ​​15 m2, you will need: 15x0.03 = 0.45 m3 of concrete.

If the floor is initially curved, the average should be taken as the height. For example, to calculate the consumption of concrete solution for a screed, which has a thickness of 1 cm in one corner and 5 cm in the other, an estimated thickness of 3 cm should be taken.

The consumption of cement per 1 m2 of brickwork is also calculated based on the required amount of ready-made mortar. The approximate consumption of cement masonry mixture for brickwork is calculated for a cubic meter of future masonry. The volume of masonry is easy to calculate, knowing its area and thickness in bricks.

The approximate consumption can be found in the table:

No construction is possible without cement mortar. A properly composed cement-sand mixture is a guarantee that the object will be durable and will stand for a long time. There are no trifles in the preparation and preparation of the cement slurry, even minor details are important here.

Peculiarities

In modern construction, a cement mixture is most often used, which is compiled in certain proportions with sand.

There are several options for cement mixes that are in demand, namely:

• to make a screed, a mixture is taken in a ratio of cement to water 1: 3, additives and fiberglass are often added;
• for masonry, a solution of 1: 4 is used, cement of a grade not lower than M200;
• for plaster, a mixture of 1: 1: 5.5: 0.4 is usually used (cement, slaked lime, sand, clay) - this is a M50 solution.

The concentration of cement in different mixtures per 1 cubic meter of mortar can vary significantly. This fact depends on the types of work and the intensity of mechanical loads that various fragments of the structure experience. Novice builders often do not attach due importance to the proportions of materials in cement mixtures, thinking that this issue is insignificant. This is a deep misconception, because correctly compiled shares per m³ are the main guarantee that the object will be strong and durable. It is recommended to take seriously the issues of the composition of the cement slurry.

Consumption rate

To work with cement mortar, you will need the following tools:

• concrete mixer;
• a device for weighing a bulk substance;

• buckets in which the mixture is hung;
• calculator;
• a table in which the density coefficients of sand, gravel, cement, lime mixture are indicated for 1m².

Typically, mortar formulations include a single astringent. This solution is called simple. But there are also mixed solutions, in which several plasticizers can be added. If the solution goes only with the addition of sand, then it turns out to be quite dense and heavy in weight. It ranges from 1680 to 2100 kg per cubic meter of volume, in lighter solutions this figure is noticeably less - up to 1650 kg per cubic meter.

What does it depend on?

The mechanical strength of the cement slurry can be in gradations such as 2, 4, 10 and 25. Guided by tables and standards, it is possible to reduce the consumption of such valuable material as cement without compromising the strength of the structure. Typically, for construction work, for example, cement grade 400 is used for screed. The most common mortars are M25 and M50. To prepare M25, a sand to cement ratio of 5: 1 is required. To make a M50 substance, a 4: 1 ratio is required. Such a composition dries within three days with a layer thickness of 1 cm. Sometimes arbolite or PVA glue is added, then the coating is also obtained stronger.

You should pay attention to the consumption of cement when you need to prepare one cube of concrete.

The important indicators by which the quality of the solution is determined include:

• density;
• viscosity;
• setting time.

In order for the mixture to be of good quality, it must be well mixed. The proportions of the consumption of sand and cement must be observed. In a solution of the M600 brand, the presence of cement in a ratio of 1: 3 is necessary. If cement of the M400 brand is present in the work, then the ratio is 1: 2.

It should be borne in mind that when calculating the amount of cement to obtain the required volume, it should be multiplied by a factor of 1.35, because there is an addition of water and various additives. One cubic meter of mortar will require about 68 bags of cement weighing 50 kg. The most popular brands of cement for foundation construction are M200, M250 and M300. The foundation requires a mortar in which the optimal compression ratio will be present.

If the cement grade is M100, then the following density will be present per cube:

• М100 –175 kg / m³;
• М150 - 205 kg / m³;
• М200 - 245 kg / m³;
• М250 - 310 kg / m³.

For plastering work, one square meter with a layer thickness of 1 cm will require about 2 mm of cement. With such a layer thickness, the material hardens well, without deforming or cracking.

To lay cinder blocks, the following ratios are required:

• М150 - 220 kg / m³;
• M200 - 180 kg / m³;
• M300 - 125 kg / m³;
• М400 - 95 kg / m³.

When decorating the facade, special pigments and semi-additives are often used, as well as salt, soap solution, which improve the quality of materials. When preparing the mixture, the dry substance is first thoroughly mixed, only then the liquid is added. The mixture, as a rule, is prepared in small quantities, because it has the ability to set quickly. To make the M150 and M200 brands, the proportions of cement and sand are 1: 4. If you need a solution of the M400 brand, then such a composition has a ratio of 1: 3.

Concrete is in the highest demand in construction. Its main components are crushed stone, water, sand, cement. It is important to initially imagine for what purposes the concrete will be used. Its consumption averages about 245–325 kg. It all depends on the brand of cement, in what ratio and proportions the mixture is prepared.

How to calculate?

Cement of higher grades is used, as a rule, in industry to create strong structures. In domestic and civil construction, their use is rare.

Cement 500 is often used to create load-bearing structures such as piles, slabs, and anchoring beams. Such cement shows itself well at low temperatures, has high anti-corrosion performance. It is also often used in the construction of various floors, beams and slabs. The characteristics of this cement also include good frost resistance and water resistance, as well as it has excellent anti-corrosion ability and therefore is often used in emergency work.

It is recommended to follow the recommendations for proportions. The presence of cement directly affects the plasticity of concrete and its other characteristics. Most often, the following ratios are used: cement (1 kg), sand (3 kg) and crushed stone (5 kg). Sometimes a little glass is also added to the composition, which makes it even stronger. With this ratio, the concrete mixture will be very durable. Any deviations from the prescribed proportions lead to poor quality composition. The grade used to obtain this material should be, on average, twice the grade of the concrete obtained.

For ease of use, 50 kg bags of cement are usually used. As an example, four bags of cement should be used to make M200 concrete. For masonry, a lime-based solution is often used, which has good plasticity characteristics.

If you want to do facade plastering, then such mixtures are optimal for such work. For load-bearing walls, cement of a higher grade is used, this will provide additional strength to the object. Binder M500 is used in a ratio of 1: 4, if the brand of cement is M400, then the ratio is 1: 3. When the mixture is made by hand, cement is usually used, which has a brand twice the brand of the resulting product. For example, if it is necessary to obtain a mixture of the M100 grade, then the cement must be of the M200 grade.

Calculation of the area of ​​the walls

One cubic meter contains 482 bricks measuring 242x120x64 mm. Brick consumption for masonry depends on the thickness of the walls. For Russian realities, external walls made of two bricks are optimal. Single brick has dimensions of 252x120x65 mm, one and a half - 252x120x87 mm, double - 252x120x138 mm. Based on these indicators, it is easy to calculate how much brick is required per 1 m².

If we talk about the consumption of cement for masonry, then this indicator depends largely on the thickness of the seam. This parameter is usually 15 mm. It should also be borne in mind that for silicate bricks, much more mortar is needed than for facing. Most of the mortar goes to hollow brick, in this case the cement-sand mixture is made dry 1: 4. A little water is added to a small container and the cement-sand substance is poured, stirring it to a semi-liquid state.

Most of the mortar is consumed for laying hollow bricks. For such masonry, a seam of at least 0.2 cubic meters of mortar will be required, given that the width of the brick is 12 cm. If you lay in one brick, then the mortar will need 0.23 m³, with a stone and a half, 0.16 m³ is required. The amount of liquid solution consumed should also be taken into account.

Observing different proportions of the preparation of sand-cement mortar, it is possible to obtain a base for concrete of any brand at the output. Therefore, in this article we will talk about methods of obtaining solutions for pouring, masonry and other needs, considering a variety of proportions, as well as the technology for mixing components.

Components of cement-sand mixture and concrete

Such building materials consist of three essential components:

• astringent - cement acts in this role;
• filler - in this capacity, sand and a mineral component (crushed stone) are used;
• water - it triggers the reaction of formation of a cement stone, thanks to which a viscous building material gains strength.

A typical binder is Portland cement of grades 400 and 500, rarely 300 or 600. And the higher the grade number, the stronger the casting or masonry will be. In addition, the strength characteristics are also influenced by the proportions that determine the ratio of the binder and filler. Typical fillers are sand and gravel. Moreover, the thinner the first component (sand), the greater the percentage of the second component of the filler (crushed stone). Therefore, for commercial solutions they take medium and coarse sand that has passed through a sieve with a mesh diameter of 1.2 to 5 millimeters.

The sandy part of the solution should not contain clay. When receiving commercial and fatty solutions, the soils are separated in a stream of water using the washing procedure, since even a small volume of clay in the filler significantly reduces all the strength characteristics of concrete. Crushed stone in solutions is used either gravel or granite. The size of the crushed stone fraction can be set in the range from 4-5 to 7 centimeters. However, the grain should not be more than 2/3 of the minimum distance between the reinforcing rods. Therefore, in most cases, 40-50 millimeters of crushed stone is used for commercial solutions.

Water is supplied to the commercial solution in a proportion from 1: 3 to 1: 2 of the mass of cement. The water-cement ratio of 0.3 and 0.5 provides confident hydration and high plasticity, and then the hardness of the resulting mixture. And the liquid itself can be both drinking and technical, but always clean. In addition, a number of additives are added to heavy and fatty solutions that improve the plasticity of the medium and the moisture resistance of the resulting casting. There are also fiber reinforcing additives that increase the strength characteristics.

Household solution 1: 4 or 1: 5

Most homebrew builders and finishers look at the brand of cement before diluting cement. And if we have the 400th composition in front of us, then four parts of the filler are taken for one part of the binder, adhering to a ratio of 1: 4. Accordingly, for the 500th grade, a ratio of 1: 5 is used. These solutions have become a kind of household classics, used both when laying bricks, and when pouring concrete bases, tiles, and pillars. At the same time, water and rubble are added "by eye", and the components are measured not in kilograms, but in buckets.

As a result, a moderately strong and frost-resistant solution is obtained, captivating with its simplicity of manufacture and low cost. However, very soon the slabs and plaster obtained in this way begin to crack, not even from the load, but from frost. After combining cement with sand, you need to focus not only on the mutual volumes of these components, but also on the mass fraction of water, crushed stone and various additives. Therefore, further in the text, we will give industrial recipes, determining the exact consumption of cement and sand per 1m 3 of a standard solution used for masonry, decoration and pouring.

Mortar for masonry or block masonry

To connect individual blocks or bricks, we need a mortar based only on free-flowing filler. There shouldn't be any rubble here. In this case, for loaded walls, the commodity composition will be determined by the ratio of 1: 3, and for unloaded walls - 1: 4. In this case, the consumption of cement per cubic meter of mortar can be calculated both in liters and in kilograms. And, according to the proportions, for a loaded wall, it turns out that 750 liters of filler must be added to 250 liters of binder (1 m 3 = 1000 l). And since a liter contains 1.4 kg of cement, the mass of the binding part will be 350 kilograms.

Part of the sand is calculated using the formula 1 liter = 1.2 kilograms and equals 900 kilos. In this case, water is needed no more than 175 liters (350 × 0.5).

For an unloaded wall, 1m 3 is divided into a 200-liter binder part and an 800-liter remainder per filler. By kilograms, it turns out 280 and 960, and water is needed here no more than 140 liters. According to the recipe, the first option is similar to the concrete grade M300, but does not have its strength due to the absence of crushed stone in the structure. The second option is similar to M200, at least this amount of binder is present in concrete of this particular brand. However, the real M300 (B22.5) and M200 (B15), used when pouring reinforced concrete products (concrete goods), are prepared using completely different technologies.

Concrete for pouring reinforced concrete products

In this case, we need grades with high strength characteristics B22.5 (M300), B25 (M350) and B30 (M400), which are capable of withstanding a load from 22.5 to 30 MPa. For the production of such solutions in a volume of one cubic meter, it is necessary to follow the following recipe:

• For М300: mix 380 kilos of cement with a ton of sand and 830 kg of crushed stone, adding 175 liters of liquid. Mixing takes place in a concrete mixer, and a plasticizer is used as an additive (at least 6.2 kilograms per cubic meter).
• For М350: Mix 420 kg of cement with a ton of sand and 795 kg of mineral filler. In this case, when deciding how much water is needed, they are guided by the water-cement ratio of 0.4 and pour 175 liters of liquid into the concrete mixer, adding 6.9-7 kg of plasticizers.
• For M400: 470 kilos of cement, a tone of sand, 0.76 tons of crushed stone and 175 liters of water are poured into a concrete mixer and mixed with the addition of 7.7 kilos of plasticizer.

Using the M300, you can fill any household structure - from the path in the yard to the foundation for a low-rise summer cottage. In addition, this grade goes for staircase elements and molded panels. But in order to achieve strength, you need to know how much and what to add to the concrete mixer, and follow the above recipe without deviations.

Foundations of factory workshops and large supermarkets are cast from M350. This grade also goes on panels and floors for multi-storey buildings. If you use M350 at home, you won't see how long such a casting will last. It will live longer than one generation of users. The M400 brand is used to fill spans and bridges for bridges, manufacture monolithic bank vaults, and equip foundations for special machines and presses. Having prepared such a solution, you will get concrete of very high strength, but its use in everyday life is unjustified due to the solid cost of the components.

Cement-based finishing mortars

For rough finishing of basement floors and equipping leveling screeds, it is better to use concrete of the M200 brand. For its preparation, based on the output in the volume of one cubic meter, you will need 260 kilos of a viscous substance (cement), 1.08 tons of sand, 900 kg of crushed stone and 155 liters of water. Mixing can be done manually (in a trough) or in a concrete mixer.

As plaster solutions, it is better to use compositions with a cement content in 1 cube of the finished mixture, as in the option for laying bricks or blocks. Let us recall its composition: 280 kilos of cement, 960 kg of sand and 140 liters of water. To seal small cracks, chips and holes, only a binder can be used, however, before diluting the cement (without sand), take into account the high fragility of the hardened mass. That is, such a solution can no longer be laid on the corners. And try to use no more than a liter of water per five kilos of cement.

Not only the completion date of work, but also, to a greater extent, the quality of the structure depends on the correct planning of the rates of consumption of building materials. The most difficult thing in the calculations is the exact compliance with technological standards. In addition, knowing the exact amount of materials can significantly reduce construction costs, since the amount of waste will be minimized.

Why bother with proportions

While it is quite difficult to make mistakes in calculations applied to materials measured in linear units, in the case of dry mixtures and their components, errors are quite common. It will not be difficult to calculate the number of bricks for building a wall, knowing its dimensions, but to calculate the number of components for a cube of mortar for masonry, difficulties may already arise. In a word, we will consider the consumption of cement per 1 cubic meter of solution for certain purposes today.

To obtain a high-quality cement slurry for certain purposes, it is necessary to strictly observe the proportions of not only cement, but also all other components. Crushed stone, sand, like cement, must also be added in a certain proportion. The fact is that if the consistency of sand or crushed stone is exceeded, the consequences for the structure as a whole can be the most disappointing.

Consumption of cement and sand per cube of mortar

If you add too much crushed stone to the solution, then between the fractions there will be cavities in which cement did not get, and, accordingly, the product or structural element will not be monolithic and will not correspond to the design load and other characteristics. Hence the short service life, premature repair costs or, in general, to replace a failed element, if this is possible.

The same story can happen when the proportion of sand exceeds the norm. In this case, we involuntarily increase the consumption of cement per cube of mortar for the screed, but at the same time we do not obtain the necessary strength in any case. This is where the golden rule of cement proportions comes from:

Water needs to be added exactly as much as required by the technical conditions, no more, no less. The main factor affecting the quality and suitability of the concrete mix for certain conditions is the brand and amount of cement. In addition, we provide several different tables with approximate proportions for the preparation of concrete mixtures for completely different purposes.

Golden proportion of concrete mix

In principle, cement consumption rates fit into clear mathematical calculations, but in order not to overload builders with rough mental work, these tables have been created. Each of them corresponds to the principles of proportional correspondence, which we cited above - 1/3/5. Accordingly, to obtain a hypothetical unit of the finished solution, it is necessary to mix nine equal parts of all components.

In order not to delve into the course of arithmetic for the third grade of a comprehensive school, let's say that to obtain an average cubic meter of mortar, you need to have 333 kg of average cement. All the difference in proportions is dictated by the peculiarities of a particular technological process in which the mixture is used - per cube of plaster solution and for the same amount of mixture for a strong screed, of course, the amount of cement will be slightly different, as indicated in the tables.

Cement grade value

In this case, it is also necessary to take into account the brand of cement. There is no need to recalculate the proportions every time if the purpose of the cement mortar or the brand of cement has changed. Each of the solutions is marked according to the brand of cement. So, if grade 300 concrete is needed for the foundation, and only M400 grade cement is available, it is enough to check the tables that will give the necessary correction for the cement consumption of the grade that is supposed to be used.

For example, to get a cube of grade 100 concrete, you need to spend:

• 390 kg of cement grade 300;
• 300 kg m400;
• about 250 kg of cement grade 500.

Features of the preparation of masonry mortar

But this is not so bad either. For the preparation of concrete, for example, for screeds or foundation pouring, it is not necessary to take into account the properties of materials that are in direct contact with the mortar. Masonry mixtures are much more difficult to prepare and calculate, and all because each of the wall materials has its own characteristics.

As a rule, an amendment is made to the rates of consumption of materials for masonry mortar, based on the structure, porosity, the ability to absorb moisture, of a particular building material. Of course, the golden proportion for brickwork will be correct, but an experienced bricklayer will always make changes in proportions just by looking at the quality of the brick or wall block.

Thus, the calculation of the amount of materials for the preparation of a solution is based on the data verified by practice, summarized in tables, but taking into account the amendments that provide for the features of a particular material. Happy kneading!

Answer: The theoretical determination of the weight of a cube of a building solution is complicated by the fact that solutions can have several components (complex solutions), a different ratio of these components, as well as different types of sand in terms of grain density.

The weight of 1 cube of a solution directly depends not only on its components, but also on humidity. According to GOST, according to the average density, solutions are divided into light and heavy. Light mortars include mortars with a bulk density of less than 1500 kg / m 3. Heavy solutions, respectively, include solutions with a bulk density of more than 1500 kg / m 3. Heavy mortars are prepared on aggregates with a bulk density of more than 1200 kg / m 3 and, when hardened, they have a high strength and density. Light solutions due to the presence of many air pores have a lower thermal conductivity. The weight of the cube of the solution also depends on the size of the aggregate grains, as well as on the granulometric composition - the ratio of the aggregate grains by size. The largest bulk density of the aggregate and, as a consequence, the solution will be in the event that a certain ratio is observed between the number of grains of different sizes. For example, 1 m 3 of sand with grains 1 mm in diameter weighs about 1400 kg, and from a mixture of grains 0.15-5 mm weighs already 1600-1700 kg.
And if we take into account that sand is not the only type of aggregate, then we can conclude that the weight of a cubic meter of a complex solution can only be established experimentally, by weighing vehicles or roughly using tables:

Tab. Weight of 1 cube of solution, depending on the type of binder and fillers