An integral part of the repair in the house is the alignment of the external and internal corners walls. If this work is neglected, then the interior of any room will deteriorate. How to align the corner of the wall and will be discussed in our article.
There are several ways to bring the corners of the walls to normal. You can align them with:
- plaster mixture;
- metal profile;
- drywall.
plaster mixture
This technique is used for slight bulges and small recesses of the corner, when the differences in adjacent planes are up to 1 cm. Aligning the corners of the walls is done using a long rule.
The technology of using a plaster mixture involves the following works:
- to determine the most protruding places, the rule is vertically leaning in the corner against one of the walls;
- if possible, all protruding areas are ground;
- as beacons ( extreme points) will serve as protrusions that cannot be removed;
- extreme points are indicated by a marker;
- the plumb and level determine the lower and upper points (they are marked on the ceiling and floor);
- plaster is applied at the upper and lower points, which acts as a guideline for leveling the surface;
- a similar procedure is performed on the adjacent wall;
- so that the plaster beacons are not damaged, the mortar must harden;
- plastering is carried out near the lighthouses with subsequent processing of the entire plane.
Metal profile and drywall
Align the angle between the walls using a special curved mesh profile made of aluminum. The angle alignment process resembles the technology of using plaster mortar.
Once problem areas have been identified:
- the corner is filled with plaster;
- the profile is pressed into the solution while leveling with a level;
- excess plaster is removed with a spatula.
This method will greatly facilitate the process of leveling the corner. The only difficulty to be faced is the protruding edge of the profile. It will have to be closed with a finishing putty and sanded with sandpaper.
The use of drywall is most appropriate in the presence of fairly solid differences in planes. In this case, the plaster layer will not help, which is simply impossible to level the corner (the plaster will fall off).
Inner Corner Alignment
Let us consider in more detail the technology of leveling the corners of the walls. First, let's talk about how to level the inner corner of the wall with putty and a perforated corner (counter-shulz).
You must first perform the following work:
- clean the entire surface greasy spots, dust and protruding concrete;
- sand corners with primer deep penetration and, if necessary, an antiseptic;
- expand the areas between the corner and the walls by 0.8-1 cm.
By consistency working mixture starting putty should be similar to cream (and not thick sour cream). Therefore, when preparing the solution, a little more dry mixture should be added to the water. Stirring putty can be done as construction mixer, and with an ordinary metal spatula.
The process of aligning the inner corner itself consists of the following sequential steps:
- putting putty in the corner is carried out in such a way that it is located above the level of the wall;
- the distance between adjacent sections of the corner should be at the level of 15-20 cm;
- after measuring and cutting the perforated corner of the desired length (if necessary), it is pressed into the applied putty;
- the vertical position of the corner is leveled by pressing the lower or upper part of the counter-shoulder;
- removal of excess putty from the side of the perforated corner is done very carefully (it should not budge);
- within 24 hours the corner dries;
- the final alignment of the corner with the surface of the adjacent walls is carried out using a small amount of finishing putty;
- with a spatula, movements are made from the bottom up;
- one end of the tool rests against a corner, and the other one moves along the wall;
- after the corner has completely dried, the surface is polished with an abrasive mesh;
- all aligned corners are covered with a deep penetration primer.
Outside corner alignment
The technology of leveling the outer corners is in many ways similar to the technique of creating even inner corners. In the same way, surface preparation is carried out:
- cleared of dust;
- covered with a primer;
- large bulges get off;
- cracks and other defects are repaired.
To fasten the perforated corner, you can use self-tapping screws, which, together with the counter-shulz, are covered with putty. When applying putty at an angle (with a layer of up to 5 cm), the vertical plane is leveled with a rule.
When carrying out work, it is recommended to use a sprayer. Thanks to its use, gaps in the applied putty in opposite parts of the corner are not allowed. After the starting putty has dried, it is applied finishing material, and the corner is polished, followed by the application of a primer.
Video on how to align wall corners:
Along the way overhaul the wall screed procedure is one of the most time-consuming due to the large area of \u200b\u200bthis surface. The most difficult stage of work is the corner sections: before you align the corners of the walls, you need to decide on the method and materials.
Why is it needed
room with smooth walls and corners looks very nice: in this case, any subsequent design does not encounter any obstacles. On the other hand, even in the presence of high-quality ceiling surface, beautiful furnishings and floor covering curves are not even corners smear all favorable impressions. There is a common belief that such defects can be smoothed out by decorating various elements: if it can work with walls, then it’s almost impossible to hide uneven corners. In order not to puzzle over the elimination of such shortcomings at the final stage of finishing the premises, it is recommended that due attention be paid to this issue initially.
Despite the sufficient complexity of the corner alignment procedure, armed with clear instructions, even a beginner can implement it. The first step is to decide on the appropriate method, which is affected by the degree of curvature, the skill of the performer and some of the nuances of the room.
The main ways to align corners:
- Plaster. This method is usually used when plastering the entire room, when the corners are aligned with the walls. It should be said right away that this method is quite laborious, requiring both strength and time. The base material used here is a standard cement-based stucco mortar. There is also an option with dry gypsum plasters, which are much more convenient to use, but much more expensive. Taking into account the fact that quite a lot of material is needed to finish all walls and corners, they usually try to get by with cheaper mixtures.
- Plasterboard boards. In this case, the share of the so-called "wet" processes, which increases the speed of work and reduces the amount of dirt. This method involves creating ideally on top of a rough base flat surface from drywall boards. Their installation is carried out in two ways - by gluing or fixing on a pre-mounted frame. The second option is easier to implement, but it involves some loss of living space (the frame hides about 50 mm along each wall). As in the case of plaster, plasterboard corner sheathing is used in conjunction with the general alignment of the walls.
- With a label. Most often, internal corners are aligned in this way. A mark is placed on one of the walls with a plumb or level, after which this area is filled with a plaster mixture (starting putty is usually used). A long spatula is used for leveling. After the mortar has set, the second wall of the corner is formed in a similar way. This method is usually used in local repair situations where there is no need to seek perfect angle at 90 degrees: the main thing is that the site looks visually even. In principle, if everything is in order with the eye, you can do without a plumb line.
- Kontrashulz. This is the name of a special perforated corner, which is often used in painting and plastering works. It plays the role of a kind of beacon, installed on the very top of the corner (internal or external) along a plumb line: its sides set directions for plaster in both directions. In this case, it is most convenient to use gypsum starting mixtures as a material - compared to cement plaster, they are more elastic and set faster.
How to straighten corners
Quality levels
Getting started, the first step is to determine the required level of quality, which is affected by the type finishing:
- The use of complex wallpaper with a pattern, ceramic, clinker or porcelain tiles suggests the presence of very High Quality base (the 90 degree angle must be kept perfectly). In this case, each of the stages of work must be checked by level.
- If painting, decorative plaster, simple or liquid wallpaper will be used as the final design, alignment can only be carried out on a plane.
materials
As for the choice of material for plaster, then the following considerations are guided by:
- For work outdoors or indoors high level humidity, it is recommended to use a cement, lime or polymer mortar. Gypsum plasters in such conditions will get wet and crumble.
- Dry rooms, in addition to the above materials, can be finished starting putties(plasters) based on gypsum.
When buying ready-made mixtures, you need to focus only on famous brands. The material should only be stored in dry rooms, therefore it is not recommended to purchase it in the market or in any other similar place. Usually, dry plaster packages indicate the approximate consumption of material per 1 m² of area, depending on the thickness of the applied layer. It makes it easier to count required amount material.
Instruments
To align the corners, you need to prepare the following tools:
- A container for preparing the solution (preferably plastic).
- Building level and plumb.
- Rule and set of spatulas.
- Grater made of foam or wood.
- Drill with mixing nozzle for mixing mortar.
Most often, the method of plastering on beacons is used for this, which is implemented in the following sequence of operations:
- Foundation preparation. Both sides of the corner must be thoroughly cleaned of all remnants of the old finish - wallpaper, paint, old plaster or putty. In cases where the old plaster layer is very strong, it can be left. It is much more difficult with paint: it is very difficult to remove it, and it cannot be left. In extreme cases, a very durable painted surface is equipped with a notch (it is applied with a sharp hatchet or pick). If protruding elevations are found on the cleaned wall, they must be knocked down with a hammer and chisel.
- Primer. The cleaned base is treated with deep penetration acrylic impregnation. This allows you to additionally fix the surface and remove dust residues. As a result, the level of adhesion of the base and plaster is significantly increased. Quite often, traces of mold and fungus are found on the corner sections of the wall (this is especially true for the inner corners near the window). In this case, along with the usual primer, a special antibacterial agent is used for processing.
- Installation of beacons. Alignment of the walls is carried out using special plaster beacons. To do this, the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe base is divided into equal sections of 1-1.5 m (depending on the length of the rule) by vertical lines, along which guides will be installed in the future. The first plank is mounted indented from the corner by 10 cm: thick plaster or alabaster can be used to fix it. Having set this beacon at the desired height, they similarly mount another guide on the opposite side of the wall.
Installation of plaster beacons for the inner corner
It is important to clearly orient each of these planks vertically, for which you need a plumb line or level. To set intermediate beacons, 2 nails are driven into the fixed planks (top and bottom). Also for fastening beacons can be used plaster mixture like in the image above. By pulling a fishing line or cord between the nails, they get the necessary guidelines for the rest of the beacons. Since the plastering of the corners is usually carried out with a similar procedure on the walls, the beacons are installed on the entire wall area. Upon completion of the installation, the nails and fishing line must be removed.
- Solution preparation. It is easiest to mix ready-made dry mixes: in this case, you just need to follow the proportions of water and powder indicated on the package. If the instructions are missing (or printed on foreign language) the following order is applied: first, pour into the container clean water, and then, creating a small whirlpool with your hand, pour the dry mixture (it should completely cover the water). Stirring with a mixer is carried out in two stages: after general mixing, having achieved the homogeneity of the solution, pause for 4-5 minutes, after which the final short kneading is carried out.
The situation is more complicated with cement or lime plaster: here you need to independently prepare a dry mixture of sand and cement (or lime) in the required proportions, and then carry out general mixing with water. Regardless of the type of solution used, it is not recommended to prepare too large portions (especially if the work is carried out by a beginner). It is better to start with small batches, increasing their volume as dexterity develops.
- Corner alignment. It is more convenient to first align one plane of the angle, and after it has set, the second. This is due to the fact that adjacent walls located in close proximity cannot be properly designed, because. the tool will leave grooves on the wet surface of the opposite plane. The finished solution is first thrown onto one of the walls in the intervals between the beacons, after which, using a rule moving along the guides from bottom to top, they are evenly laid on the surface. Having designed one side in this way, they pause for its setting (about 30 minutes), after which they begin to level the second side. In those cases when the walls are aligned with the corners, there is no need for such pauses: starting from the corner, they plaster the whole room in a circle.
Alignment of the inner corner of the wall: first, the first wall is plastered, after it has set, the second wall is plastered
If there is a need to achieve an ideal angle of 90 degrees, use a special corner spatula.
Sometimes it is not possible to completely level the surface in one go due to too large irregularities, which involves applying another plaster layer. To do this, it is advisable to wait until it is completely dry. starting plaster(meaning not setting, namely complete drying over the entire thickness of the plaque). If you apply a second layer on a wet base, then the moisture clogged inside will provoke the appearance of pockets inside the finish.
Other Ways to Align an Inner Corner
If you want to align the inner corner locally, without processing all the walls, then there is no need to set beacons for this. The main task in similar situation– avoid a height difference between the finish and the rest of the base. There is no need to talk about the ideal observance of the angle of 90 degrees. All that can be offered here is to make the walls visually even by filling in the visible depressions and eliminating the elevations. In this case, the so-called. the "mark" method, which is implemented with a wide spatula and gypsum plaster.
This will require the so-called. "Kontrashultz" - a perforated corner made of aluminum, equipped with a serpentine mesh around the edges. In addition to the convenience of the alignment procedure, countershultz further creates additional protection for the outer corner, which more often than other sections of the wall undergoes mechanical stress. If you do not take additional measures, it may even fall off with a strong impact.
Outside corner alignment procedure description:
- Training. As in the case of the internal corner, here you will need to remove all old finish and knock down all detected bulges of concrete. After that the cleaned base is primed .
- Corner installation. This is the most responsible operation, on the correctness of which the quality of the entire finish depends. The complexity of the procedure is that the countershults must be set both vertically and along the height of the leveling layer. It is most convenient to put it on alabaster, checking the verticality of the installation by a plumb line. As for the fixation height, it is determined visually: it is desirable that the thickness of the applied layer does not exceed 10 mm.
Installing the countershoulder
- Solution laying. Alignment is convenient to start from the bottom of the corner, immediately on both sides (to avoid movement of the counter-shoulder, it can be additionally screwed with self-tapping screws). The prepared plaster mixture (the kneading procedure was described in the previous part) is thrown onto the wall, and then pulled together with a rule or a wide spatula. You can also apply the solution directly to the tool and tighten the wall from the bottom to the top. There is no fundamental difference here, it all depends on individual preferences. Having plastered the bottom on one side, they immediately go to the second. Excess mortar is usually concentrated at the top of the corner: they are removed with a spatula and used for further finishing. Having finished the plaster at the bottom of the corner, they move to the top: for this you need a convenient construction goat suitable height.
- The final stage. Having finished the entire corner, it is allowed to dry, after which another layer is allowed to be applied for the final alignment of minor flaws. In principle, finishing putty is intended for solving such problems.
You can also watch a video about installing paint corners:
About leveling walls with drywall
Gypsum boards can be used for both internal and external corners. As in the case of beacon plastering, this method is usually used to completely level all walls. There are also situations when one of the walls is sewn up with drywall (for example, near a window). In any case, the corners obtained in this way must be finalized with plaster or putty. Since the common plane is already set by the sheets, it will only be necessary to smooth the transitions from one side to the other. The seams are pre-sealed with a special Fugenfüller mixture and reinforced with a sickle mesh. In the case of an outside corner, it is recommended to use the familiar perforated corner. Used as a leveling solution gypsum putty, because there is no need for a particularly thick layer.
Finishing
When performing leveling work on corner sections, a certain diligence and diligence will be required: the better this work is done, the less hassle will be at the finishing stage. Subsequent construction operations depend on what material is supposed to decorate the wall. Under wallpaper and painting, the surface leveled with the starting mixture is additionally puttied to make the base as smooth as possible. tiling and decorative plaster can be carried out without putty.
Curved corners are a common phenomenon that occurs not only in old apartments, but also in new buildings. If small wall irregularities can be masked with wallpaper or decorative elements, then corner defects after finishing with wallpaper or tiles will be even more noticeable. Aligning outside and inside corners can be part of the process fine finish walls with finishing plaster and putty, and can be performed separately if the condition of the wall surface does not require serious intervention. Let's find out how different methods.
Internal corners
The choice of one of the three alignment methods in this case depends on whether it is done together with the plastering of the walls or independently.
Lighthouse Alignment
This method is used only in the process of working with the entire surface of the walls.
Necessary materials
- lighthouses - metal or wooden slats;
- screws or dowels;
- rule;
- plumb;
- spatulas - straight and angled.
Sequence of work
- Fasten the beacons to the surface of the walls using fasteners at a distance equal to the length of the rule. Indentation from the corner - 5-7 cm.
- Using a plumb line, determine deviations from the vertical, make marks on the floor and ceiling, and, if necessary, place wedges in the right places.
- Start applying plaster on one side. Fill the space between the beacons, distribute the solution with the rule. After the layer dries, go to the second wall.
Important! Make sure that at the junction is not going to a large number of mixtures. To eliminate excess after the composition has dried, use a spatula.
- To form an even joint, use an angled spatula moistened with water.
- After the plaster has dried, remove the beacons and seal the voids with the same compound.
Use of the counter-shoulder
The best solution when aligning the corners is to use a counter-shoulder - a perforated corner made of aluminum.
Necessary materials
- scissors for cutting metal;
- long rule;
- sandpaper;
- putty mix.
Sequence of work
- Measure the required length of the aluminum corner and carefully cut it with special scissors, being careful not to bend the malleable metal.
- Apply a small amount gypsum plaster at the junction of the walls and attach the counter-shult, slightly pressing it with the rule. Remove excess mortar with a spatula, moving away from the joint with smoothing movements.
- After the putty has dried, go over the surface with sandpaper. If there are small irregularities, apply another thin layer putties.
Sickle method
How to level the corner of the wall if it is not planned to carry out large-scale work on plastering and puttying the entire surface of the walls? In this situation, a wide sickle ribbon will help out.
Necessary materials
- wooden rectangular bar 50-60 cm long;
- plaster putty.
Sequence of work
- Apply a small amount of mortar to the joint of the walls and to the surface adjacent to the corner. The width of the strip of applied putty will be 10 cm on each side.
- Attach the reinforcing tape to the top of the corner and gently unwind the roll so that the sickle does not move to the side.
- Pressing the bar to the joint, give the corner correct form. If the tape is wrinkled during the process, level it with a spatula, remove excess putty, moving in the direction from the joint.
Important! The movements of the spatula must be careful not to disturb the position of the tape. At the same time, you cannot wait for the mixture to dry, as this will deprive you of the opportunity to adjust the position of the sickle.
Alignment of external corners
For outside corners There are two ways to align: with and without a counter-shul.
Alignment method without countershoulder
For alignment external joint walls in this way you will need:
- spatulas;
- rule;
- perfectly flat board or plank wrapped with tape;
- fine-grained sandpaper.
Sequence of work
- Knock down large protrusions, fill large gaps with plaster.
- On the surface of the wall at the point of contact with the joint, place the bar. Do this in such a way that it protrudes from the corner by a distance equal to the thickness of the required plaster layer. Fasten it to the floor and ceiling, with the right length it can be inserted as a spacer.
- Apply the mixture, spread with the rule of motion towards the joint with a slight downward slope. If necessary, repeat the procedure after the layer has dried.
- After two or three days, remove the plank and attach it to the ledge on the other side, already plastered, and repeat the above steps.
- After drying, sand the surface.
Forming an outer corner with a counter-shoulder
Using a profile will not only simplify the alignment process, but also reliably protect the outer corner from damage.
Necessary materials
- gypsum mixture;
- rule;
- putty knife;
- level;
- sandpaper with fine grain.
Sequence of work
- Apply the prepared mortar to the surfaces adjacent to the wall joint.
- Fasten the countershoulder cut to the desired length at the joint, using the rule to prevent deformation of the aluminum corner.
- Remove excess mixture with a spatula, check with a level that the corner is fastened correctly, if necessary, adjust its position.
- After drying, sand the surface with fine sandpaper.
- The final leveling is carried out together with the application of putty on the rest of the wall surface.
Aligning corners with plaster or putty is a more familiar method for many, but at the same time it is quite “dirty” and laborious. It is worth resorting to this method if the curvature is minimal. In the case of significant curvature of walls and corners, it would be more appropriate to use drywall sheets.
Sometimes, when performing repairs, the question arises of how to align the corners of the walls associated with the curved linearity of these junctions of the enclosing structures. There are several methods for eliminating such irregularities, both for internal and external corners.
The junctions of two walls, joints, are a rather difficult area in terms of implementation finishing works. This is, as a rule, the final stage of work, which requires special care and scrupulousness in its implementation.
The alignment of the corners is done before the start of the finishing of the wall surface, so that the irregularities do not spoil big picture completed works, tk. when pasting wallpaper or after laying tiles, the crooked linearity of the angles will manifest itself very significantly.
The ideal angle is a 90* angle between two walls perpendicular to each other along the entire vertical interface plane.
To determine the skew, it is necessary to use the building level, square and plumb line, through which to determine the deviation of the junction of two walls from the required values.
Before starting work, old finishing elements (wallpaper, tiles, finishing plates) are removed from the surface of the walls, including in the corners, essential tool and finishing materials.
Principles and methods of alignment
Depending on the type of materials used to finish the surface of the walls, the methods for leveling the joints also differ, which determine the sequence of work and their complexity.
Leveling method using plaster
For successful alignment corners using plaster and putty, it is necessary to use similar mixtures good quality, having the ability to quickly set, which allows you to perform work with the least consumption of materials and in a short time.
The joints of the walls are primed, for this a deep penetration primer is used, corresponding to the nature of use (for external or internal work).
After the corners are cleaned and treated with a primer, the work is carried out in the following sequence:
- the deviation of the angle from the required values is determined;
- marking is carried out on the surface of the walls at the points of their conjugation, indicating how much and in which direction a layer of plaster should be applied;
- beacons are set according to the marking;
- spraying is carried out on the exposed beacons;
Spray is a preliminary layer of plaster, the main task of which is to ensure a reliable connection between the surface to be coated and the following layers of plaster.
- excess plaster is removed using the rule;
- drying and re-priming of the applied layer of plaster mortar is carried out;
- soil is being performed;
Soil is the main layer of plaster, performed during plastering. various surfaces, regardless of its type (simple, improved, high-quality).
- if the superimposed layer is not enough to eliminate the crooked linearity of the angle, then another layer of soil is superimposed;
- after the plaster layer has hardened, it is grouted and puttyed.
Leveling method using drywall
Drywall is a building finishing material, which is a dry plaster based on gypsum and consisting of two layers of cardboard (paper), between which is placed a hardened layer of dough, consisting of gypsum and fillers.
When used to level corners, drywall (gypsum board) is very comfortable material due to its ease of installation and ease of processing.
The advantages of using GKL are:
- No need to remove previously used finishing materials.
- There is no need to use aqueous solutions (plaster), which ensures minimal amount dirt while working.
The disadvantages of GKL are:
- Susceptibility to external mechanical influences (fragility);
- The ability to absorb moisture.
Alignment of corners using drywall is performed as follows:
- markup is performed, locations are determined load-bearing frame on which drywall will be mounted;
- installation of a frame consisting of guides (vertical and horizontal links), made from a special profile;
- for fastening the guides to the wall surface, special fastening elements, brackets are used, which are mounted on the wall in pre-marked places;
- when installing vertical connections, a plumb line is used and building level, which allows them to be placed in a given plane, and special brackets make it possible to fix them in this plane;
- plasterboard sheets are laid on the mounted frame, for which self-tapping screws are used;
- a reinforcing mesh is glued into the inner corners, and the outer corners are closed with special perforated corners made of plastic or aluminum;
- corner joints and joints between GKL sheets are puttied.
Principles on which corner alignment methods are based
The above methods for leveling corners using plaster mortar and drywall sheets are based on certain principles for performing work.
So when using plaster, the marking principle is used, suitable for correcting internal corners and consisting in marking the junction of two walls.
As already written above, in this case, the dimensions of the mismatch of the existing angle from the required values are determined, for which a special construction tool is used. Marks are made on the surface of the walls, after which they are plastered and the corners are aligned.
When using drywall and creating ideal outer corners, a perforated corner is used, which has a special name - countershulz.
Work with its use is performed in the following order:
- the corner is cut in accordance with the height of the room at the place of its installation;
- a plaster mortar or putty is being prepared;
- the prepared mixture is applied to the installation site of the corner;
- countershulz is installed on the prepared surface, while using building tools(level and plumb) its location in a given plane is controlled;
- excess solution is removed with a spatula;
- the surface is rubbed and puttied.
Features of performing certain types of work
The methods for performing work on the alignment of internal and external corners are somewhat different from each other, which determines the methodology and sequence of their implementation.
This is the most difficult option pairing two walls, so if possible, it is better to turn to professionals in order for them to do this work. It is especially difficult to level inside corners when using the mortar leveling method.
As mentioned above, it is important right choice plaster, capable of providing the required adhesion to the wall surface and quick hardening, which ensures that the solution does not drip when applied to the walls.
Do not forget about the use of a reinforcing mesh and the possibility of installing a perforated corner of the appropriate profile (inner corner), which will also facilitate the completion of finishing work at the joints of the walls and ensure the strength of the structure.
If there are no skills to perform such work, then in order to achieve a good result, it is necessary to perform work with special care and attention, first of all, this concerns marking.
Alignment of external corners
Alignment of external corners is easier to perform than internal ones. This is due to the fact that a special perforated corner is used for alignment, counter-shultz, during the installation of which the most important task is to maintain its location in the required plane of space.
The fastening of the counter-shoulder can be done, as described above, using a plaster mortar or putty, as well as using self-tapping screws or expansion dowel-nails when the wall is finished using a plaster mortar.
The use of aluminum and plastic corners due to the fact that during operation they are not subject to corrosion, thus there are no oxidation processes that could manifest themselves through the finishing material laid on the wall surface.
Corner alignment is hard work, so starting to self-fulfillment, you must be aware that for its successful implementation, painstaking work will be required that does not require fuss and haste. Only by making the necessary measurements correctly and selecting the appropriate materials and tools, you can count on success in such an undertaking.