Rapid development technology and the growing needs of society have given the world many new professions, without which we can no longer imagine our lives. In the 21st century, people first heard about content managers, copywriters, Internet coaches. Today, these specialties lead the rankings of the most demanded professions.
Modern professions in Russia
Russia is developing within the framework of global trends. And this is manifested not only in the emergence of new relevant professions, but also in a gradually changing approach to work itself.
In the last century, it was believed that every adult should spend 8 hours at the workplace, five days a week. Today, young professionals are increasingly leaving the office and prefer remote employment, which allows them to independently manage their time and work from anywhere in the world.
Such changes became possible, among other things, due to the emergence of new specialties.
For example, it is not necessary for a copywriter or content manager to communicate with management personally every day, and to perform duties, it is enough to have a laptop with Internet access at hand.
Blogs have reached incredible popularity in Russia in recent years. Disputes about the status of bloggers have not subsided so far. Many tend to think that this is not a profession, but rather a hobby or a way to earn money writing mediocre quality texts. Defenders of blogosphere figures are sure that before monetizing a personal brand, one has to go through a long and difficult path, to gather a loyal audience around oneself. And to achieve success, you will need at least basic knowledge of advertising and the principles of promotion in social networks.
Online recruiters are also popular, looking for highly valuable specialists in the market for customer companies. Recruiters need not only to keep track of specialized sites and exchanges, but also to look for employees in in social networks or blogs.
New professions have also appeared in areas where active contacts with people are required.
A demanded profession in Russia today is an event manager who organizes various events - from weddings to corporate parties. The responsibilities of these people include finding venues, planning the event in great detail, choosing treats, decorating the room, and much more.
A separate niche is occupied by personal assistants (assistants). They can run errands for the manager, from booking restaurants and tickets to arranging meetings.
Another "subspecies" of assistants is engaged in improving the life of the employer. This area includes professional shoppers, who, for example, help the client to choose a new wardrobe, as well as life coaches - they help to understand complex life situations and give advice on personal effectiveness.
New professions in the field of IT technologies and media
The profession of a programmer appeared in the last century, but literally every few years its internal content and range of responsibilities change and expand. The faster mobile platforms develop, the greater the need for specialists who can program software for them and different kind applications.
Another important task is to identify errors in the software before it enters the market. The testers who are entrusted with this responsibility are more than in demand. A whole team of specialists can be engaged in software verification. For example, at Microsoft, two testers are “attached” to one programmer at once.
Majority modern professions associated with information. World Wide Web is by far the most popular data dissemination channel. Total in Runet for this moment More than 5 million sites have been registered. Many of them contain data that needs to be constantly maintained, updated and supplemented.
This work is suitable for people who can think outside the box and have a well-developed creative imagination. Together with them, the top positions of the ratings are occupied by content managers who control the process of filling the site with materials and photographs. They are responsible for coordinating the work of copywriters, SMM specialists, and editors.
In addition to content, sites need people to maintain their technical functioning. First of all, this is a webmaster who administers the project, maintains it and updates it.
Many companies prefer to outsource design development special person- web designer. At the same time, there is a need for SEO specialists who optimize the site for search queries, thus increasing the audience of the project.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University began to train specialists in media planning. They may constitute advertising campaigns for organizations and specific products, taking into account the effectiveness of certain means mass media. The representatives of this profession are also responsible for the distribution of the advertising budget.
New professions in education
In recent years, it has become increasingly popular distance learning. Live broadcasts from good quality sound and pictures turn out to be no worse than personal lessons with teachers, although with special specifics. At the same time, distance education helps to save time. In connection with this trend in Russia, the need for new specialties is also increasing.
an important role in modern educational process are played by curators of online platforms whose tasks include compiling courses and adapting disciplines to teaching on the Web. In addition, they should, if necessary, decide organizational problems between students and teachers.
People's interest in teaching has not fallen for many years. Now teachers have much more opportunities than in previous years. The Internet is full of offers to sign up for master classes in any specialty - from cooking to business development.
On the Internet today you can find any background information and learn a lot. However, there is also the danger of getting lost in the vast array of available data. Already in the near future, according to forecasts, professional Internet surfing instructors will come to the aid of the user. They will teach a person to think critically, to separate the important from the unimportant, and to determine the reliability of sources. In addition, developers of educational trajectories will become more and more in demand. They will help to create an individual training program, taking into account the personal characteristics of the client.
According to the atlas of new professions developed in Skolkovo, in a couple of years, mind fitness trainers, game educators, eco-preachers, and more will also be at our service.
New professions in business
In the 21st century, professions that are associated with the sale and purchase of real estate continue to be relevant. The most in demand now are developers who promote and implement construction projects. They acquire or rent land for construction, develop business plans, build an advertising campaign.
Relatively recently, underwriters have appeared who manage the issuance and distribution of shares in the market. valuable papers. They also work in insurance companies: there the underwriter assesses all the risks and decides on the conclusion of the contract.
Exists whole line professions in business that are related. Analysts collect and study information about the company's processes, which helps its further development.
A methodologist will be able to provide a specific action plan for business development, although in many firms all of the listed responsibilities are assigned to one person.
Based on the information provided by analysts and methodologists, technical writers create all the necessary documents.
In many companies, IT auditors can be found, and they are often confused with more specialized colleagues or accountants. This is not true. IT auditors must have a technical or economic education and at the same time understand the law at a high level. Their tasks include performance checks and information security enterprises.
According to the Skolkovo atlas, many more new professions will appear in business in the coming years, for example, a manager of a private equity fund, an appraiser intellectual property and even the designer of an individual financial trajectory.
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Introduction
« Here best advice to give to youth: Find something you enjoy doing and then find someone to pay you for it».
Katherine Whitehorn, British journalist.
Each new century in the history of mankind is marked by new opportunities and discoveries in different areas human life. In this regard, there was a need all over the world for specialists that no one had heard of a few years ago, and if they were discussed, then only in a very distant future as something fantastic and unlikely.
Why are new jobs emerging? Because new territories are being explored, both literally and figuratively. People are beginning to be interested in something completely different, to create other fields for creativity and, accordingly, for making money. Exploring New Lands Futurist Stuart Brand predicts that melting ice in Antarctica will lead to climate change in our lifetimes. This will result in the latest professions XXI century. For example, there will be a demand for “Columbuses”, people who will explore new territories, including space ones.
What are they new actual professions that arose on the Internet of the 21st century?
Objective: study new professions of the 21st century and analyze what factors influence high school students when choosing a profession.
Tasks:
Collect information about new professions of the 21st century.
To identify the professional preferences of students in grades 9-11 MBOU "Secondary School No. 5" in Kaluga
The object of the study were: professional priorities of students in grades 9-11.
Research methods:
analysis of information on the issue under study;
questioning;
comparative analysis;
generalization.
Hypothesis: students in grades 9-11 make their professional choice, taking into account the opinion of their parents and material rewards.
Chapter 1. Types of new professions.
The last two decades have been characterized by the emergence a large number new professions with difficult to understand names and. In this work, we will try to understand this information flow and decipher the mysterious terms.
Here are some of them:
Copywriter. This is a person who writes texts of various types to order: advertising texts, scripts, slogans. Such work requires perseverance, developed creative imagination, the ability to filter large amounts of information.
In modern conditions, many firms, shops use their websites to inform their activities. They allow us to quickly find information about the product, the news that we need. However, in this regard, there is a need for such specialists as:
Web Designer. This is a person who develops website design. Here you need to simultaneously show both creativity and technical skills in working with different programs. Creativity and attentiveness are the main advantages of a web designer.
Content manager. This is a person who fills sites with materials (content): articles, news, photos. His responsibilities include coordinating the work of copywriters, moderators and other specialists working on the site. This is a hard and responsible job, where you need to have experience and broad knowledge.
There are people who can combine these professions. They are -
Webmaster. This is a fairly broad specialization, which includes administration, support, and website updates. Such a person can create a website himself, replacing a web designer and programmer. He may be the owner of a site created by his own hands.
Internet coach. This is a person who consults or trains people "on-line". The only condition is that you must be a real specialist in some field of knowledge. You can create your own course and teach people something new.
But if you do not want to “hang” at the computer, but want to directly interact with other people, then here are the new professions that the 21st century labor market in Russia can offer. In the field of buying and selling - the most popular professions The 21st century included sellers, however, under a more fashionable name.
Bayer. This word is derived from the English "to buy", which means "buy". Bayer is engaged in meeting the needs of the company in the product, acquiring what is needed - food, stationery, furniture, clothing ... Such a specialist must understand the product, determine the quality "by eye", be able to find the most advantageous offers.
logistics- from "logistics" - an applied science, the focus of which is the management of information and material flows. Logistician - a customs and transport manager who manages deliveries, organizes the flow of goods, works with carriers and shippers, and controls the acceptance and delivery of goods.
shopper- this is the same buyer, but more individual. A shopper can be hired by a wealthy family to buy everything they need - food, interior details, clothes. If in the work of a buyer you need to be an experienced person, then here, the understanding of psychology plays a much more important role, what kind of thing is suitable for a particular person.
In promoting products on the market will help:
media planner. This is a specialist who plans the organization's advertising campaign for its successful promotion in the market. So what features should a qualified media planner have?
Extensive knowledge of sociology and marketing, knowledge of computer programs Integrum, Pal Marceting, ability to analyze the advertising market,
In the field of entertainment appeared:
Event manager. This is a specialist who full organization various holidays, corporate parties to order. What exactly is the responsibilities of this specialist, and what skills should he have? Developed creativity and aesthetic taste,
sociability, the ability to negotiate and conclude contracts, the ability to find the right objects and venues for events, the ability to develop holiday programs.
head hunter. In direct translation from English, this specialty sounds like "bounty hunter". This person is an intermediary between the employer and the employee. He is engaged in the selection of a suitable specialist from a variety of applicants, luring a qualified specialist to the right company. What should be a "cool" head hunter? With developed communication skills, ability to listen, organizational talent, ability to analyze modern market labor.
Life coach. This is a person who teaches other people the skills of efficiency in different areas of life. He is a coach, a personal mentor who helps to move on the path of personal development. The requirements for such a specialist are quite high: Psychological education or special training courses are desirable, personal experience participation in various groups of personal development, the ability not only to develop the necessary skill in a client, but also to holistically influence a person in order to change her life for the better.
This list can be supplemented with a number of other equally important and in-demand professions of the 21st century in Russia and around the world:
Trader - organizer of foreign and domestic trade;
Realtor - real estate specialist;
Underwriter - an insurance specialist;
PR manager - a specialist involved in the development of the image of the organization;
Back office specialist - deals with the preparation of company documentation;
Promoter - a specialist in promoting a product or service;
Merchandiser - promotes products;
Marketer - studies and forms the demand for services and goods;
Declarant - customs specialist;
Interviewer - conducts sociological surveys and social research;
SEO-specialist - is engaged in the promotion of sites on the World Wide Web.
The socio-economic sphere of modern society does not stand still, which means that every year a whole list of new professions will appear, which will undoubtedly be in demand in the market.
How to find the only profession that would be to your liking, bring pleasure and make it possible to live prosperously in material terms?
Chapter 2. Rrating of new professions of the future.
2.1. Employees
- Engineers
One of the leading positions in the ranking of demanded professions of the future is the profession of an engineer. Already now, in a labor market crowded with economists and managers, this profession is especially valued. There is a clear shortage of technicians and professional engineers. Concerning wage will grow and demand will rise. If you have several educations - for example, economic, technical and legal, then a high career in the future is guaranteed to you.
- IT specialists
Of course, few of us can imagine our life without a computer. The same goes for almost any working area. It is not surprising that IT specialists and programmers will become one of the most needed specialties of the future. Fast paced progress computer technology leads to the fact that the demand for such professions will only increase over time.
- Specialists in the field of nanotechnology
Science around the world is rapidly advancing. Nanotechnology is the greatest area of research that will cover almost all areas - mechanical engineering, space objects, medicine, food industry and many others. Therefore, absolutely all specialties related to nanotechnology will be in demand. Nanotechnologist is one of the newest professions of the future, which will only develop over time, and the demand of employers for it will grow.
- Professions related to the service
The income of the population is growing every year. People go on vacation more often, make large purchases, visit beauty salons, use the services of domestic staff, and so on. In this regard, specialists who can provide quality service will not be left without work in the future.
- Logistics
One of the modern and new professions, which will also be in demand in the future, is a logistician. This area of activity covers a fairly wide range of responsibilities - such as organizing the delivery of goods from the manufacturer or supplier to the final buyer, the formation of inventory, competent tracking of the entire supply process. Therefore, in our age of trade and market relations, the profession of a logistician is still for a long time will be in demand and highly paid.
- Ecologist
Probably, few people can argue with the fact that the environmental situation in the world is steadily deteriorating every year. Abnormal phenomena and ozone holes, pollution problems environment and global warming will make environmentalists one of the most indispensable people to save the planet in the very near future.
- Medics
The medical profession has always been in demand. Now the growing demand for certain specialists in the field of medicine is associated with research in the field of life extension. A lot of money is being invested in them, so scientists who specialize in finding means to extend life will be in great demand in the future.
2.2.Working professions
Also, in the future, some new professions will be in demand that do not require higher education, but do not become less paid because of this.
- Groomer
Groomer provides professional care for pets. The scope of services includes a haircut, bathing, trimming, coloring, beauty treatments, full preparation pet to the exhibition. Professional groomers are always in demand, as preparation for an exhibition is never complete without their services. And owners of non-show breeds also constantly turn to animal care specialists, which makes this profession always necessary and highly paid.
- Shopper
In fact, a shopper is a stylist. This profession does not require higher education. She is taught at image-maker courses for two to three months. Shoppers accompany the client to the shops and help him decide on the choice of clothing and style. In our time of constant business meetings and travel, many people need to look presentable and stylish at the same time, so such assistants in the fashion industry will be highly valued in the future.
- Food stylist
Many people now have professional cameras. And if you still have a creative streak and you have a rich imagination, then it is quite possible that such a new profession as a food stylist is right for you. The duties of a food stylist include such a task as photographing food beautifully, brightly and tasty. In connection with the development of information resources on the Internet, high-quality illustrations will always be required, so professional photographers in the future will have everything more demand at employers.
Chapter 3. Factors influencing the choice of profession.
The future life of young people largely depends on the right choice of their profession. This is a serious and responsible step in the life of every person, requiring preparation and certain knowledge. Everyone dreams of a successful career. Parents want to see their children succeed. The correct choice of future profession depends on peace of mind and material well-being in adulthood.
A well-known domestic psychologist, a major specialist in the field of labor psychology E.A. Klimov identifies 8 factors for choosing a profession:
The presence of inclinations, interests. A person is more successful in the activities that interest him. Therefore, when choosing a profession, you need to pay attention to what you like to do, what gives you pleasure. For example, if a person likes to organize other people, to take a leading position, most likely, professions that involve the ability to work with a team (manager, teacher, coach) are suitable for him. Availability of abilities. One interest in any business is not enough, you need more to make it work. And this requires certain abilities. So, to play the violin, it is not enough to love music, you also need musical abilities, as well as a good ear.
Level of claims (your preferences). The choice is largely influenced by the actual attitudes and values of a person, i.e. what is of paramount importance to you at a given period of life or is important as a main life goal. In other words, this is what you want to achieve in the course of your professional life. The situation of any life choice involves the influence of not only our opinion, but also various external factors.
Knowledge about the profession. Before making a choice of the type of professions, it is necessary to thoroughly get acquainted with many of them. Unfortunately, ignorance of modern professions most often becomes a stumbling block in the problem of professional self-determination. The best way overview acquaintance with professions - the study of their special descriptions - professiograms. Professiograms acquaint not only with what he does, how, with the help of what tools and means this or that worker works, but also with what personal qualities are required of him.
Teachers' opinions. It is also an important factor influencing the choice of profession by students. The opinion of teachers should definitely be taken into account, because they teach you, which means they know a lot about your abilities, about your interests and skills. But relying only on the opinion of the teacher is not worth it, and, moreover, choosing a profession, correlating it with your favorite subject at school. The world of professions is deep and varied and you may need different skills.
Peer opinion. For example, a young man has chosen a very important and “eternal” profession for himself - he decided to become a tailor, but he is embarrassed to talk about it in class: an “unfashionable” profession. It is possible that others do not know everything about this profession that the one who chooses knows. The opinion of classmates, friends, comrades, of course, is important, since it reflects the degree of popularity in modern society certain professions. But a professional choice is a free and personal choice. In order to discover and develop a vocation in oneself, it is important to boldly and unbiasedly “try on” a variety of professions for oneself.
Opinion of parents, family. Often, close people tend to take an active part in the choice of a profession by a high school student. For example, in a family where several generations have devoted their lives to medicine, it is natural for parents to want to see their son or daughter in a white coat. The opinion of the older generation and their experience should not be neglected, but at the same time, this is not the only choice factor. Consider the wishes of the parents and their arguments. But remember to choose and work for you!
Personal professional plan (PPP) - this is the main map of the labyrinth called "Professional Choice". For its successful passage, there must be a main goal, that is, what a person intends to do in the future, what he wants to be, who to be, with whom to be, what he wants to achieve, what are his ideals of life and activity at the moment of development. Building a personal professional plan is the basis for a successful career choice.
Chapter 4 Analysis of the survey of high school students
Seneca (Roman philosopher) said "If a person does not know which pier he is on his way to, for him not a single wind will be fair."
Do the high school students of our school know which pier they should head to?
In 2015, we conducted a survey of students in grades 9-11.
90% of high school students of our school have decided on the choice of their future profession;
75% of students in grades 9-11 experienced difficulties in professional identification; 25% chose a profession without much difficulty;
25% made the choice on their own, 23% helped with the choice of parents, and 10% friends;
For 93% of high school students future profession requires higher education and 70% of them are ready to receive it on a paid basis if they do not enter the budget.
80% plan to study at universities in our city
When choosing a profession, 43% of eleventh-graders took into account the demand for it in the labor market, 38% chose their dream profession, and 19% chose highly paid professions.
An analysis of the answers of high school students on the chosen specialty showed that medical, economic, humanitarian specialties. The most demanded professions are: doctors, teachers, lawyer, manager, engineer.
In 2016, I conducted a second survey of grades 9 and 11. The survey involved 27 11th graders and 75 9th graders.
Questions and answer statistics are given below:
Have you chosen a profession?
48% of 11th graders and 56% of 9th graders made their choice. And, what is very interesting, 11% of 11th graders and 12% of 9th graders did not even think about their future profession.
Would you like to get help from an employment service specialist?
45% of 11th and 9th graders would like to seek the help of a specialist
What would you like to do after graduation?
What field of activity is more attractive for you?
Are your professional choices influenced?
I want my future profession to be:
Do you associate your professional career with the Kaluga Region?
Comparing the data of 2015 and 2016, we conclude:
The number of schoolchildren who have decided on the choice of profession has decreased by almost 2 times.
The opinion of parents has the greatest influence on the choice of profession.
The number of high school students who want to get an education in another city is increasing.
This is due to the emergence of new professions and the lack of educational institutions willing to teach these professions.
Surveys have confirmed that, first of all, the choice of profession is influenced by material support future profession.
In 2016, interest in professions related to medicine and pharmaceuticals increased significantly, while the number of those wishing to master the professions of a lawyer and an economist decreased.
According to the employment service, economists and legal advisers cannot find work. So the demand doesn't match the supply. The market for such specialists is currently crowded not only in our country, but also in foreign countries. Modern university graduates have to get a second higher or other additional education in order to find a job. According to the analysis of the Ministry of Labor, in the coming years, the most popular professions will be technical and natural sciences: engineers, builders, IT specialists and robotics. If you have an interest or inclinations, then you can apply for engineers, electricians, technicians of various directions.
Conclusion: There comes a time in life when you need to decide who to be. Choosing a profession is a rather serious issue that should be approached thoughtfully. The right choice of profession is the key to further career success. The concept of " right choice"implies, first of all, the possibility of effective use by a person of personal potential in professional activity. In our time, not only material well-being, but also the psychological, mental state of a person depends on the choice of profession. People who have consciously chosen a profession are more likely to successfully realize themselves in life. Every year the market of professions is becoming wider, providing, on the one hand, ample opportunities for the realization of their creative and professional capabilities, but on the other hand, the issue of choosing their professional activity is becoming more and more difficult for young people.
List of used literature and sources
1. Message of the President to the Federal Assembly dated November 5, 2008 ( http://www.kremlin.ru/transcripts/1968)
2. Speech by V.V. Putin at a meeting of the organizing committee for holding the Year of the Teacher in the Russian Federation in 2010. RIA News ( http://www.rian.ru/education/20091116/193975144.html)
3. I. Sergeev. End of a dynasty. Publisher: Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper
4. E. Klimenko. Young people choose fashionable professions. Publisher: newspaper "My district"
5. Teenagers today choose the same professions as before the crisis. Publisher: New Newspaper
6. Internet resource http://www.it4youth.ru/page/220/
With the development of the post-industrial and information society, the structure of the labor market is also changing, labor relations and employment of the population. As a result, new professions are emerging. There have been quite a few of them over the years. What data can provide us recent history professions?
Disappeared professions
In addition to the introduction of new specialties, there are also. Usually, they become unnecessary due to the development of science and technology, which replaces human labor.
These include such professions as: weavers, coopers, furriers and tinkers. Professional coachmen-cabbers were replaced by cars. . With the change in the social structure, jesters and buffoons disappeared. Due to the desire for humanism canceled death penalty. Even now demanded professions fade into the background.
New professions
As already mentioned, for recent years new professions appeared on the labor market. Some of them are already in demand, others are used by a few. But one thing is for sure - newest professions quickly and irrevocably enter the life of society, cutting off the old ones.
Over time, they grew into such professions as: banner maker, content editor and web developer. Bannermaker is engaged in the manufacture and placement of banners. This affects both the design of the site and its promotion.
Content editor - a person who is engaged in the text content of the site.
A web developer is the head of a specific development team.
Testers can also be attributed to new professions. software, automated testing and technical writers.
In addition to the above, new professions of the 21st century have included credit brokers, collectors, administrators of non-state pension funds, personal insurance consultants, underwriters, copywriters, communication manager and communication officer.
What new professions have appeared
Also, new professions are actively spreading. For example, recently, the Ministry confirmed the training program for mediators - specialists in conciliation procedures. Mediators will help people find common ground even where, it would seem, bridges have been burned. People who have reached the age of twenty-five will be able to work in this specialty. They must have higher education psychologist, and take specialized training courses. Also, trend watchers are gaining popularity, which track the emergence of new trends among consumers. In particular, this profession has moved to the Internet, where it has taken an equally significant position. Summing up, we can conclude that the development of all areas plays a role in the emergence of new professions. Some of them are not completely new, but simply narrow and concretize their area of work. This allows you to work in more detail and quality.
New professions of the XXI century
The rapid development of the socio-economic sphere has led to a change in the range of professions that are in demand on the labor market. The content of the work of some professions is changing, new ones are emerging, and the name of the usual specialties is simply changing.
- · Brand Manager- a specialist who manages the sale of a certain group of goods of a certain trademark. Unlike a sales manager, a brand manager is not so much involved in sales as in the promotion of a brand. Unlike a “pure” marketer, a brand manager must understand the sale of a given group of goods not only at the level of an economist, but also at the level of a manufacturer.
- · Developer- This is one of the specializations in real estate transactions (realtor). He orders a project, buys or leases a plot of land, "attaches" the project to the plot, coordinates the summing of all communications, builds an object - for example, a large office building. He can then sell the property he owns. The main thing is to recoup all costs and make a profit.
- · Declarant- a specialist of the company for work at customs: monitors the execution of documentation and the movement of goods.
- · Jobber- Specialist intermediary on the stock exchange. The main tasks are buying and selling shares (at your own expense, as opposed to a broker).
- · Distributor(English - distribute - distribute) - a person (firm) engaged in direct sales, usually a company sells goods through a network of employees (distributors). Distributor - the official representative of the "parent company", with which he is contractually bound and undertakes to sell only the goods of the mother company.
- · Interviewer- a person who conducts interviews, surveys, including those for sociological and other social research.
- · Coordinator- coordinates the interaction between suppliers and the customer, monitors the movement of goods, maintains financial reports on deliveries.
- · copywriter- a person who develops creative advertising. The tasks of a copywriter include creating the concept of an advertising company, advertising texts, slogans, press releases, etc. Basic requirements - high level of development creativity, originality of thinking and good knowledge languages.
- · coach- a specialist who reveals the potential of the personality of the company's employees (usually a top manager): increases their productivity and efficiency, helps develop the ability to move at the right pace and direction, and activates human motivation systems.
- · logistics- from "logistics" - an applied science, the focus of which is the management of information and material flows. Logistician - a customs and transport manager who manages deliveries, organizes the flow of goods, works with carriers and shippers, and controls the acceptance and delivery of goods.
- · Marketer(eng. - market - market) - researching the market: studies, predicts and forms the demand for goods and services, determines sales prospects, monitors the competitive environment, etc.
- · Manager(English - manager - manager). Organizes and coordinates, evaluates and stimulates the activities of the lower-level personnel of organizations. Distributes the scope of work among the employees, trains, explains, communicates the orders of the management, communicates between the board and the employees. A senior manager conducts commercial negotiations, is engaged in marketing and the formation of product niches, determines the strategy and tactics of competition, conducts activities to improve the efficiency of product sales, and manages the implementation of the organization's business plan.
- · Merchandiser- Specialist in product promotion in retail trade. Controlling the location of goods on the shelves, maintaining the image of the goods, controlling advertising and prices for goods - all these are the main tasks of the merchandiser.
- · Office Manager- a person whose main task is to ensure the operation of the office. This includes managing secretaries on the phone and at the reception, drivers, couriers, calling specialists to repair office equipment, purchasing Supplies etc.
- · Promoter(English - promoter - supporting, facilitating, promoting) - a sales representative of the company: maintains the image of the company, promotes for sale all the goods produced by the company, works with a chain of stores, promotes sales of goods.
- · Receptionist(English - reception - reception) - a lower-level employee working at the initial reception of clients by phone or in person; meets and greets clients, directs them to the appropriate employees of the company; deals with the registration of visitors and telephone calls, sorting correspondence; may become an office manager in the future.
- · Realtor(English - real - real estate (about property)) - a specialist in the sale of real estate. Works individually or in a company, performs on his own behalf and at his own expense or on his own behalf, but at the expense and on behalf of the person concerned land plots, buildings, structures, structures, residential or non-residential premises and rights to them (real estate valuation services are not real estate activities).
- · Salesman(English - salesman - seller) - walks around the tents and offers the company's products to merchants.
- · sales manager- sales manager: monitors the demand for the goods sold, controls transactions carried out by representatives of the sales company, searches for customers - buyers (wholesalers or retailers) (see manager).
- · Public Relations Specialist - a specialist working in the field of production and large-scale trade: maintains the image of the company, is responsible for the information promotion of the company's projects, for working with the media, for maintaining public relations. work economic demand profession
- · Supervisor(English - supervisor - observing, controlling) - is engaged in the development of routes, monitors and controls the activities of sales representatives.
- · Trader(English - trade - trade) - a specialist in the organization and control of internal and foreign trade, represents the interests of the bank, firm or manufacturer. Stock trader - an employee of a brokerage firm, directly involved in stock trading, concludes transactions.
The technological process and the widespread modernization of production make our life more comfortable and easier. Every year new and more advanced engineering systems that make production easier. At the same time, innovations are causing the disappearance of a number of crafts and professions. On the one hand, the situation is not the most joyful: thousands of people remain out of work, but at the same time, this process should not be regarded as a destructive factor. Along with new technologies, new specialties also appear: designers, developers, merchandisers, traders and many others.
Professions that have disappeared in the 21st century
The list of professions that have disappeared in the 21st century is quite impressive, let's get acquainted with the most interesting of them, perhaps you have not even heard of some of them.
herald
Before the invention of wired and wireless communications, news and official announcements were delivered by criers who had to shout.
rat catcher
V Victorian era the English capital was dominated by hordes of rats. The number of rodents was frightening. Rat catchers tried to rid the cities of rats and used a variety of techniques to achieve their goals: from magic to specially trained dogs.
Boys are pinsetters
In the XVIII century, children worked in bowling clubs, whose duty was to set the pins for visitors. After each throw, the boy collected the knocked-down skittles and re-arranged them. Today, this poorly paid and unsafe job (drunk visitors often strove to knock down not only the skittles, but also the child) has been replaced by special devices - pinsetters.
Corpse Snatchers
It will not be about the characters of another Stephen King book, but about a profession that was in demand in the 19th century. Corpse thieves were freelancers medical universities England. The fact is that there was a strict ban on autopsy in the country, and medical students were willing to pay for the "material". Initially, no one dug corpses out of the ground: "corpse snatchers" simply found dead homeless people and delivered them to universities. Later, in order to receive a "salary", some people were ready to commit murder or exhumation.
Alarm
Another profession that has disappeared into the 21st century is the alarm clock man. The work was popular throughout England and Ireland in the 20th century. A person had to wake up his customer (by knocking on the window with a stick), for which he received a payment of a couple of cents. The advent of mechanical alarm clocks eliminated the need for this work.
ice cutter
Before the advent of refrigerators, the process of keeping food fresh was quite problematic, so they turned to ice cutters for help, which took ice from lakes and rivers and sold it to individuals, shops and eateries.
Raftsman
Rafts were used for logging. It was the responsibility of the raftmaster to steer the raft so that it was delivered to a specific destination, and not where the current would take it. For work, it was required to have excellent physical data: exposing themselves to the danger of being crushed, workers jumped from one bundle of logs to the next. The services of raftmen were used until the beginning of the 20th century, when ships appeared.
Readers
Caring factory owners resorted to the services of readers to entertain the workers doing monotonous work. Readers read newspapers, short stories or fiction, and after reading, together with the workers, they discussed what they heard.
Lamplighter
Today, street lighting is perceived as something ordinary, but before, instead of electric bulbs, fire was used. And to provide the street with light at night, lamplighters had to be hired. Every evening these people lit the lanterns using special sticks, in the morning they extinguished them. The profession did not require special skills, but it was necessary to have endurance: the lamplighter had to overcome impressive distances, serving the entrusted territory.
Telephone exchange operator
Until the middle of the 20th century, operators (this was the advantage of women, whose labor was paid less than men) connected the lines manually, inserting the cable into the correct connector. Nowadays, when everyone has phones, the work of an operator has become irrelevant.
Daguerreotypist
Taking a photo - what could be easier? But in the 19th century, in order to capture your face, you needed the help of a daguerreotyper - a person who made portraits using polished copper plates. Images were not clear enough and with the invention of film cameras, the need to order a photo disappeared.