The Medveda (she is Kapoolenka, cricket-mole) - this is a segmental insect, which belongs to the detachment of a straight flower, sublit long, the supervisor of the cricket, the family of the Medveda (lat. Gryllotalpidae), the subframe of the Medveda (Lat. Gryllotalpinae).
Where did the name "Medveda" appear?
Medveda received their name for large sizes, brown-brown color, massive clawing front paws and pubescent, which allows you to compare this insect with. There are several popular names of these insects: Kapoolenka, cricket-mole or cricket mole, earthy cancer, wolf.
Cabustook Animal is called love for young cabbage seedlings. The Latin name of the bear from the genus Gryllotalpa sounds translated as "cricket-mole." This is confirmed by similarity with the cricket in the structure of the body and in the ability to issue sounds. On the Medveda is similar to the expanded brushes of the front paws and the ability to go into the ground. The front of the insect resembles cancer: the structure of the head, shell, mustache, and legs, somewhat similar to claws. The bear is called a magician because of sharp cohesions on the front paws resembling teeth.
Medveda - description and photos. What does the Medveda look like?
Medvedes are large insects. The length of their body varies from 3.5 to 5 cm, and the thickness reaches 1.2-1.5 cm. From above, the kapustyanki's body is painted into a silky brown-brown color, from the bottom - in the brown-yellow. The body of the insect is covered with the smallest hairs.
The head of the Medvedka in relation to the body has a prenatical, or direct location. Its axis coincides with the axis of the body, and the oral bodies, which are powerful jaws, are directed forward.
There are 2 pairs of tentacles near the jaws.
Big, well-notable eyes Medveda have a fawn structure and are on the sides of the head.
On the head of the insect grow filamentous mustache, slightly setting for the convey. They are shorter compared to the mustes of other representatives of crickets.
A large and flat pride of the Medveda with dried down lateral parts (blades) are a distinctive feature of the insect. The middle and the insect's gadget are connected. The head and the front of the body of the animal are covered with a dense chitine shetine - a fixture for pushing and sealing the Earth during digging holes. Because of this hennament, the Medveda resembles cancer.
Cabestyanki bolthous, reaching 1 cm in diameter, consists of 10 tergites and 8-9 sters. The peak of the abdomen has anal and genital plates. No eggs in females. On the last segment, the abdomen has long, flexible, covered with small churches, or tail appendages, by type resembling mustache.
Medvedok has 2 pairs of wings:
- The front is converted into short and leathery pulp covered with thick veins. In length they reach only the middle of the abdomen. The left hollow in insects from the supervision of crickets is always covered with the right.
- The rear pair is long, wide, transparent, webbed wings with thin housing. In a calm state, they are fan-formally folded under the hopper and stretched along the abdomen in the form of harness. During the flight of the insect, the rear wings take an active part, while the pulpitty is involved limited.
The males from females are distinguished by the housing of Nacrylv. There are both fearless individuals of both sexes, but they are less common. By the way, there are no wings in the larvae.
Medveda has 3 pairs of extremities, each of which consists of a basin, hetervuga, hips, leg and 3-chlenic paws.
By the way, the auditory apparatus (or hearing a hearing) of the Medvedka, as well as in many other stringing straight flowing insects (grasshoppers, crickets), is located on the heads of the front limbs and has an oval or narrow-sliding form.
Insect's rear legs and are designed for movement, on their inner side Located 1-4 spikes. The forefillments similar to the claws are a digging device. The thigh and the skin are greatly expanded, and the foot is shortened. There are 4 on the legs, and on the foot 2 of the black-spike teeth, which the bear is crashed into the ground.
On the front legs of the Medvedka there are auditory holes. They have an oval or narrow-shaped form.
What sounds do the Medveda?
With the help of friction of rigid front hinders, a friend of the Medveda makes sounds that can be heard at a distance of more than half a kilometer. Stridulation, or trill, contributes to communication between insects. By the way, the stredulation apparatus of representatives of the supervisor of crickets and for grasshoppers differ:
- At the cricket, the boucle vein is on the right hopper, and the vein, about which the bow, is located on the left.
- The stringing apparatus of grasshoppers occupies a smaller area on the hollows and is not so developed.
Basically, the male bear sing, but females are also capable of shifting. The Medveda can publish sounds both during the day and at night, being both on the surface of the Earth and underground. Call night TRELL males sound loudly, the sound they have sharp and low. When you move on underground trades, insects make a shorter and deaf rift. By the way, the sound of the sound is 1.4 MW. For comparison: Cricket has 0.06 MW.
What does the Medveda eat?
The Medveda is the most common pest of vegetable, fruit, bachchev, berry, garden crops. These insects damage roots, tubers, root cake, seeds, underground parts of plants, and sometimes even eat shoots and young plants. Medveda Run, beetle (dining room, sugar and feed), cabbage, tomatoes, onions, beans, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, turnips, trouser, radish, pumpkin, watermelons, melons, butat, poppy, hemp, sunflower, hops, tobacco, Len, various shrubs, parsley and other umbrella plants. Medveda damage crops, oats, barley, rice, millet, soybean, chumyza, Pyssi, Gajana. AT southern regions They destroy more exotic plants: citrus (,), tea, cotton, peanuts, cotton. In nurseries and young gardens from the Medveda, trees such as plums, cherries, cherries, apricots, peaches can suffer.
In the forests insect damages the roots of young, beeches, poplars, and other trees. In addition to plant food, Medveda eat rainworms, larvae, and other insects.
Where does the Medveda dwell?
Medveda are prevalent in almost everywhere in Europe (except Norway and Finland), in Central and Southeast Asia, in the Caucasus, on the Islands of Japan, Philippine Islands, in India, Vietnam, China, Indonesia. These insects live in the North Africa, in Australia, in North and South America. In Russia, the Medveda meets everywhere - from the European part to the Far East, except for the northern regions of the country.
Habitat Medveda is wet places, meadows, floodplains of rivers and other reservoirs. Insects live mainly in underground strokes. They grow in a fertilous, well-warmed, humorous land of gardens and Bakhchi, are often found near irrigation canals, in wetlands. Love a place with a high location groundwater.
Lifestyle Medveda (Cabustook)
Basically, the Medveda lead a hidden lifestyle. All day they are underground, doing the moves in the surface layer of the soil and entering the plant occurring along the path. On the surface only at night. The presence of bear on the site can only be determined by winding, explosive rollers of the earth, holes in the soil and completely healthy in the form of plants, unexpectedly beginners to die.
So the moves of the bear look like the surface of the earth. Photo by: Postreva Natalia Mikhailovna
At night, the polarms crawl out of minks to the surface and go to other sections in search of food. Sometimes they fly to considerable distances. Often they are attracted to the bright light. During the reproduction of females, the polarms fly to the sounds published by males for mating.
The Medveda is quickly buried in the ground and moves, flies and swims perfectly, overcoming even significant water obstacles. The insect was adapted due to the fact that the floodplain sites, the favorite places of residence of the Medveda, in the period of spring flood poured with water.
Reproduction of Medveda
Medveda begin to multiply in spring, after mass yield from wintering. In fertilization of them sperm, as well as other representatives of rectifying. Pairing occurs underground. The offspring appears in the summer.
For its rating, insects prepare the dwelling: they are digging complex, dense labyrinths around the roots of plants and at a small depth (5-10 cm from the surface) are arrange with spherical nests about 10 cm in diameter. In this process, individuals are involved in both sexes. Inside the ball is a nesting chamber with a size of egg, whose walls are well sealed. There female Medveda postpones from 300-350 to 600 eggs. This is a very important period for the survival of insects, because the offspring under the ground is completely dependent on temperature and humidity. The female does not depart from the nest, guarding it, supporting ventilation and temperature. To do this, she clears the moves from the ground, harnesses the roots of plants, throwing the shadow to the nesting place. Eggs Medveda are similar to millet grains: oval, yellowish gray, size of 2 mm.
After 10-20 days, depending on the temperature of the soil, the eggs are out of eggs, six-legged, outless larvae (nymphs), which live in the nest under the protection of the female 20-30 days. At the end of this period, the female begins to dug and dies after a while. After this larvae, the Medveda is sprawling, the individual holes are digging and started to eat.
The development of larvae is long, with incomplete transformation. AT different regions This period is different. In the south they are developing within 1-2 years, in the north of 2-2.5 years. The larvae is similar to an adult person, but with smaller sizes, underdeveloped wings and genital organs. In the early stages of development, they are very mobile, yurt and jump well, like. During the development period from the larvae to the adult semi-natural individual, the Medvedka is linked 8-9 times.
Where and how does the Medveda winter?
The larvae of Medvedok 2-6 ages (meant 2-6 molts) and adult individuals winter in the soil, humus or dung. They buried to the ground much deeper than in the summer. The larvae is deepened by 25 cm, adults - by 60, and sometimes 100-120 cm. Winter deepends they are made at an angle from 45 to 60 degrees. After wintering, the pointer overlook the surface when the soil temperature reaches 12-15 degrees.
Views of Medvedok, Photo and Names
Medveda almost do not distinguish between themselves appearance and lifestyle. Some can be distinguished from each other by the number of chromosomes.
According to the latest research and information provided on the site orthoptera.speciesfile.org, Far Eastern Medveda (Lat. Gryllotalpa Fossor) is a synonym of an African Medveda (Lat. Gryllotalpa Africana).
Below is a description of several varieties of bear.
- Ordinary Medveda (Lat.Gryllotalpa Gryllotalpa.)
Widespread view. Insect body sizes reach 3.5-5 cm, 1.2-1.6 cm blank length, 1,3-2.1 cm hollows, 1.-1.3 cm rear thighs Lighter, brown-yellow abdomen covered with thick fine hairs. Head and back is almost black. The abdomen of a yellowish or olive shade.
Widespread in Europe, except for the Scandinavian countries. Also ordinary Medveda dwells in Russia, North Africa and some areas of Asia: in the Transcaucasia, Small and Front Asia, in the Middle East, Iran, Kazakhstan.
- African Medveda (East Medveda) (Lat.GryLotalpa Africana)
It has smaller dimensions than an ordinary Medveda: the body is 2.0-3.5 cm, the length of the pride is 0.6-0.9 cm, the length of the hollow 0.8-1.2 cm. The color of the brown-yellow top and yellow bottom.
African Medveda live in Central, South and Southeast Asia, on the Japanese and Philippine Islands, at Ceylon and Madagascar, in Korea, on Far East Russia, in Australia, New Zealand, in the tropics and subtropics of Africa.
- Decadeful Medveda(lat.Neocurtilla Hexadactyla)
A variety characterized by small sizes: from 1.9 to 3.3 cm long. Initially, these bear inhabited northern and Central AmericaAnd from there they settled in South America.
- Steppe Medveda(Lat.Gryllotalpa.stepposa.)
Morphological double Medveda, that is, absolutely similar to it outwardly. The length of the insect reaches 4-5.4 cm. The color of the body is brown-yellow.
Habitat Medveda - Moldova, South of Ukraine, Southern District of Russia and South of Turkmenistan.
The insect body length varies from 3.8 to 4.4 cm, the length of the oval conntion is 1.1-1.3 cm, the hollows - 1.5-1.7 cm. The structure of the body, lifestyle, power supply and reproduction of this insect is characteristic For the whole family, like brownish-yellow coloring.
It is a halophile, that is, it is found on saline soils along the shores of the seas and lakes, as well as on wet saline. Single Medvedes live in the south of Moldova and Ukraine, in the Lower Volga region of Russia and Rostov region, in Crimea, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Iran, Afghanistan and China. Her habitat may vary depending on the spread of salt marshes and solonts.
Medveda - insect 35-50 mm long, with short leathery hollows and front digging legs. It dwells in the soil and only occasionally appears on the surface. In the evening and at night the flights. Good swims. In the warm time, the hole makes at the surface itself, and winter holes reach a depth of 50-100 cm.
Mass yield is observed at a temperature of 12-15 ° C. After mating, which occurs underground, females build a nest. The egg laying consists of 100-350 and more eggs. Embryonic development lasts 10-20 or more days. For normal egg development, 100% humidity is required.
The larvae of the Medvedka after exiting eggs remain in the nest under the protection of the female within 2-3 weeks. Damages underground parts various plants (cabbage, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, etc.). Shoot dried, damaged plants are easily pulled out of the soil. In root vegetable cultures and in the clubs of potatoes, the Medveda eats large cavities, it also damages the seeds, overcoats and breaks the roots.
Protective events
At the end of September It is necessary to dig a pits with a depth of 0.5 m, filled with their manure (preferably horse) with straw. The Medveda is going to the pits. Late in the fall or winter they roll them out, the manure scatter and the bear digends from the cold. The Medvedka can be filled into half-liter banks filled with 2/3 water, covered in the soil at the level of the surface in the places of mass accumulation of insects. At the beginning of the growing season (at the end of May and during June), 2-3 times loose to a depth of 10-15 cm, duck out eggs and larvae during this dying.
When planting seedlings of vegetable (tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, etc.) you can use 1-1,5-liter plastic bottles. The upper and lower part are cut, the rest is cut into several parts with a height of up to 10-15 cm. Then these parts are placed in soil in such a way that at least 5 cm remained above the surface, which plant seedlings. You can, in early May, lay the bait from fresh manure, in which the pest is crawled for the device of the holes and laying eggs, and after 3-4 weeks, bait brushing bright, the bear and eggs are destroyed.
The Medveda also dies from eating bait from an egg shell powder, moistened with sunflower oil, which is climbing into the ground. Plants are not damaged by the polar, if you put garlic tooth before boarding the hole.
In the fall, a mixture of water with kerosene can be used (100 g per 10 liters of water), which is poured into the holes of the pest at the rate of 30 g per each.
Scaring by Medveda
Scare the polar navigated between vegetable crops Velchattsy, as well as 1,5 m in a distance of green Olkhovy branches, which are replaced from time to time. In addition, a destructive for the bear has a solution washing powderwhich is poured into the mink.
The site populated by the bear, in the summer you can water the influence of the flasks of the bow at the rate of 900 g of the husks and waste, filled 10 liters warm water and infused within 4-5 days. Then, before use, the infusion is diluted with water (1: 5) and plants watered after rain 2-3 times after 5-7 days; In the absence of rain, the plot is watered with water. Use also an infusion of chicken litter at the rate of 2 kg per 10 liters of water. After thorough mixing and dilution with water (1: 5), dry soil is watered. In the ground, a fertilized chicken litter, the pest does not live.
To scare up the Medveda, you can use sand, moistened with kerosene at the rate of one glass on the sand bucket. At the same time, the sand is poured on the ground, watering kerosene, thoroughly manifolds for 5-10 minutes, and then crumbles on the area with a seedy sediment (0.25-0.5 liters per 1 m2).
Radical measures to combat the bear
The most radical measure to combat the bear is to use chemicals. For this root seedlings of cabbage, tomatoes, eggplants, pepper sweet before landing in open ground is wetted in suspension of the drug Aktar 25 WG (1.5 g / l of 250 plants water) at a temperature of 18-23 ° C and exposure 90-120 min.
To protect potatoes, tomatoes, the cabbage from the Medveda is used by Medvedks-y (300 g per 1 weaving) by introducing a depth of 3-4 cm into the furrow along the perimeter or between the beds, followed by the sprinkle of the earth and watering water at the rate of 10 l / m2 after tanning tubers Or seedlings.
The roots of tomato, pepper, eggplant, cabbage before planting in open ground can also be mashed in suspension of prestige 290 Fs (100 ml per 10 liter of water during exposure of 6-8 hours).
Makar Ruban, Cand. biol. Sciences, Kiev.
Phenoxin Plus - radical method Fight with Medveda
These are granules with attractive polar bear and murderous taste. In the manure where the polarms love very much, make a hole and pour granules there. Understand the holes cover from birds and domestic animals, which can also want to enjoy and for which the fatal outcome in this case is also provided.
In addition, in those places where bear are noticed, and this is usually a garden, they make grooves with a depth of 3-5 cm, and laying the granules at a distance of 20-30 cm. Cover again from birds and other animals you need. If the granules do not exhaust the bear (for example, they changed the dislocation), the granules themselves dissolve over time from the irrigation, and people will not bring harm for plants and eating these plants.
If you know that we used the drug is not in vain, then repeat the processing in two weeks, when new bear will get out of the pending eggs.
Natural (Natural) Enemies Medvedok
Natural Enemies Medvedok - Birds (Graci, Skvorts, Crows, Herons, etc.), insectivores (hedgehogs, earthling, moles, lizards), ants (destroy eggs), bugger (eaten larvae), nematodes p. Oxyurius and Telestomum, pliers r. Neothorombium, Caloglyphus and Rhizogliphus. In winter with thaws, there is a mass death of the bear from mushroom diseases.
Another natural enemy of Medveda - Larra Anathema wasp. In some way, Larra discovers in the underground the course of prey, drives it away from there and sting three blows paralyzes her. Then the wasp is laying one egg under the base of the forehead of the victim and flies. After 5 minutes, the Medveda comes to life and crawl into his cave, turning into a living food warehouse for the larva of the wasps. However, unfortunately, this wasp is much less common than the Medveda.
Beer Trap for Medved
You can fight a bear without the use of expensive drugs. That's what you need to do in the spring.
AT glass bottles Pour 50-100 g of beer and tie a sorry piece of gauze. Bottles insert obliquely at an angle of 45 ° to the surface of the soil and sprinkle the ground with a layer of 3-4 cm. Medveda find the "beer" very quickly, breaks the bandage and climb into the bottle.
Back they can't get out (and maybe they do not want?). For one or two weeks a bottle is filled, then it should be to dig and pour fresh beer for the bear in another bottle. This method is quite effective. Per day 3-4 Medveda!
The Medveda is afraid of the smell of needles
In some newspaper read that the Medveda is afraid of the smell of fir. But the potatoes were already planted, the tops are big. I decided to cut the larch branches and sketch them between potato rows. With the cape of potatoes, I did not find a single bear.
In the fall, I prepared dry needles of larchs, you can pine and ate. Now I want to try, selectively when landing, together with potatoes, to pour needles from larch into the hole.
Fighting a bear with the help of rubbish fish
It turns out the Medvedka does not tolerate the smell of the flicker. When planting seedlings of cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage and other cultures in the well need to put 1-2 pieces of cheap fish. Fish heads, scales, insides are also suitable.
Fish in the ground quickly boots and the Medveda is the place by side. Beds with sowing beets, carrots, lettuce, etc. Out up on the perimeter of small fish and put it off its land.
While the seeds will arouse, the fish will begin to deteriorate. It will not give the Medveda to destroy seeds and shoots.
I'm fighting the bear so ...
Try - instead of water to pour into Noura's Medveda, boring beer, the result will exceed all your expectations!
You can get rid of the pest using a millet porridge. A small saucepan is boiled. A preparation from the Colorado Rent "is added to the cooled porridge. Then the porridge rolls the balls that are lowered into every move, a breakthrough. That's the victory from the pest for the season or more.
I miss the path abundantly. When water is absorbed, I strongly press the board into the ground, you can the Faner of any width. On the other day I raise it: if the Medveda is here, then there will be moves. These moves I fill with soapy water.
Eggs and larvae Medveda are well destroyed by the loosening of rifles at a depth of 10-12 cm in the period from the third decade of May to the beginning of the second half of July.
Anti-naughty bait from the straded grain of corn, wheat, barley, cake, mixed with metaphos (50 g per 1 kg). It is added to 30 grams of lean oil and layered under the handcooks of the manure at the rate of 30-50 g per 1 square meter. m. The baits can also be laid out 2-3 days before sowing or in the aisle after the appearance of seedlings or planting seedlings, closeing them in the soil at a depth of 2-3 cm.
The recipe for bait from barley, wheat, millet: 2 kg of bait take 50 g of carbofos and 30 g of sunflower oil. The grain is welded in salted water. First handled with oil, then carbofos and mix well. The baits close up in the grooves to a depth of 2-3 cm. You can decompose them after the appearance of germs (but already in the aisle), the rate of consumption is 600-800 g per 100 square meters. m).
Before planting tomatoes and peppers into the ground, I am preparing pieces of fabric. I use any tight material. I cut the pieces of 15 cm long, and 8 cm wide before planting their urine in water. Raw rags taking the trunk of tomato so that it remains in the ground, and upstairs. Medveda Such Tomatoes does not touch. And over the summer, the rags are overloaded. No harm from them tomatoes.
My way, in principle, is not original, but someone can come in handy.
When I sit in an open soil seedlings of tomatoes, I put every raptber in the segments from the old watering hose 6-8 cm. To make it more convenient to do it, cutting rubber along one side, push the edge of the cut and insert low part Stem inside. Rubber immediately restores former shape. I do not close the root seedlings, it looks freely from the bottom of the segment.
To scare up the bear from the greenhouses along the greenhouse norburnis (groove) make small grooves and pour sand, moistened with kerosene.
Medveda can be caught on honey
Medveda can be caught on honey. Take the bank, lubricate it with honey from the inside lowering the neck and insert the insert with the soil. Top to cover with a bent piece of iron or cardboard, then straw. The Medveda clings to honey and falls at the bottom of the banks.
About other pests
Potatoes I plant a little, so to combat the colorad beetle using such a method. Collect
celest, pour boiling water and leave for the night, then add 1 teaspoon of washing powder or liquid soap to the bucket of the solution and spray the potatoes in a broom once a week.
Onions, garlic, mint, charker, velvets planting near vegetables against aphids. Chrysanthemums planted near the currant and gooseberry, save bushes from muced dew. Slugs are afraid of garlic, parsley, lavender.
Lyudmila Saenko, Cherkasy, Ukraine
Windmills against Medveda
I managed to get rid of this pest very simple.
My plot is located in a hundred from the ravine, which is all the most different garbage. Here from this pit and crawled to me in the garden is hordes of the Medvedok. In one cottage newspaper learned about ancient method Fight against them. It is necessary to put on the windmill site at a distance of 5-10 m from each other. It is better to use iron pipes (Wooden stakes quickly rot) 3 meters high. To the top of the pipe fasten the propeller made of light metal so that it is easy to rotate and created more noise. Medveda, apparently, perceive vibration and noise from propellers as disaster. In any case, for many years, for many years, harmful insects bypass my garden.
Aspen against Medveda
It is necessary to harvest stakes from the aspen with a diameter \u003d 2-4 cm, 25-30 cm long and score them to the ground for the entire height of the cola in the locations of the Medveda. Score arbitrarily after 1-2 meters from each other.
The stakes are harvested from the branches of the wind aspen in the forest in the forest, small oxygenic. It is possible to shap them from the brew scrabble, but necessarily with the bark. Medveda will not be on the site. This is an old proven way.
Medveda - pretty large insectwhich refers to the detachment of straight bumps. There are more than 100 types of data of chlenihonogi. Adult special can reach 5 centimeters in length.
By description of Medveda It is not similar to any other insect - the forelimbs are well developed and are formed in order to quickly and unhindered to dig the land. They are rather reminded by paws than beetle.Medveda is distributed almost everywhere in different locations can wear different names, such as Earth Cancer, VOVO, KAPASHANOV.
In life I. on the photo Medveda It looks extremely frightened, largely due to the large front limbs. All representatives of the species live exclusively underground. In special cases can reach 8 centimeters in length. Male in independently dug holes.
The Medveda prefers wet, well-heated soil. As a rule, the belly is 3 times longer than the pitch, which is not typical of another insect, it is very soft, the oblong shape, about 1 centimeter in diameter.
At the end of the abdomen two short hairs, which are called "Circus". They can reach a length of 1 centimeter. The head of the Medveda is quite mobile, can hide, in case of danger, under the chest shell.
The head is crowned with two eyes, mustache and tentacles. Total grace 4, they are located around the mouth. The front pair of the paws is designed for the digging of the Earth and is significantly different from the rest of the limbs.
Despite the fact that the insect lives underground, his back is crowned with two long (sometimes longer than the body) wing. As a rule, the nasty-brown and dark gray bear, brightening to the bottom.
In the case of the need for the Medveda, long wings will jump and can move through the air, but not higher than 5 meters. There are also cool individuals, so it is clearly not to say, what does Medveda look like - It all depends on belonging to the form.
Character and lifestyle
Medveda - an extremely active insect, lives underground. With a high speed moving, it is looking for various roots suitable for nutrition, thereby often spoils life and harvest dachensons.
Interesting the fact that the Medveda can make a rift. At night, the row comes from the hole. As a rule, Nora Medveda is quite long, it is not very deep underground. Closer to the exit, it gradually expands.
Because of this expansion of individuals, which are deep underground, make sounds that are heard at considerable distances. Often, you can confuse them with a cricket sound, although the cricket sounds much quieter.
Scientists argue that with the help of these sounds and other identification signals, the Medveda communicate with each other. Day Drying is much quieter, the insect behaves calmer. The Medveda loves moisture and in the dry years can move at considerable distances in search of a wet soil.
He experiences winter underground, at a depth of about 2 meters. Since this insect very harms the amount of harvest, a lot of modern and folk medstruants. Most often, during the seedlings, there is a poison in the well.
Often, another folk remedy is also used - very soapy water poured into a hole in large quantities, the Medveda seeks to leave the place uncomfortable for her and gets out the dachanik. There are more thoughtful methods, how to get rid of the bear. For example, a nascular trap, the principle of operation of which is based on the insect habits.
As a rule, the Medvedka for wintering is looking for loose warm soil, most often gives preference to manure. In the fall, when the garden is digging under the winter, you need to make a few holes (half of the depth) and fill them with the manure.
Most of the polarms will choose these traps to survive the winter, and a cunning dacket, excavating these pits during frosts get rid of large number insects. It is worth noting that the majority of the bear are just the same through the manure that the soil fertures, and fall into the cottage.
Due to the fact that insects flying, gradually they can float all nearby sites. In order to avoid the arrival of such residents from neighboring sites, you can land on your chrysanthemum or calendula, since their smell drives out medvedok from the neck.
For the same coniferous, aspen or branches of alder use. Also advised to the Nasta onion husks to water the plants, near which the strokes of the Medveda were found. Reducing the number of pests contribute to birds that eat them, and insects.
It may be lizards, and. This insect is a very terrible pest in a garden, but there are many different fighting medstruants.
Nutrition Medveda
Medvedka - insectwhich eats wild and cultural plants. It can be absolutely any plants, their roots, shoots and root.
If the bear on the way there are larvae living in the soil, she will also eat them. Sometimes the Medveda can even squeeze another polar. It is believed that most of all the bear love corn, beets and potatoes. However, the biggest and bright feeling they are tested to the cabbage, for which sometimes they are called Kapoolenkami.
With regard to cabbage, the Medveda does not know when you need to stop. She eats the root, young shoots, and sometimes the fruit themselves. Based on the preferences of the Medvedka in food, you can protect her favorite deals from attacks. For example, planted around the perimeter of other beds garlic, which insect bypass side.
Reproduction and life expectancy bear
The nest of the Medveda is a unique structure. This is a confusing network of moves, which is located at a distance of 10-15 centimeters from the ground. As a rule, the Medveda has four outlets on the surface, between which the intricate moves are running.
In May or June, at air temperature not lower than 12 degrees, adult bear leaves the ground and go to the surface where mating occurs. At the end of this process, they returned to the depth and females are equipped with a nest. As a rule, the nest is located in the center of the moves.
At one time it can postpone up to 500 eggs of 1-2 millimeter. But, in order for the kids to be born, it is necessary to follow a lot of conditions: high humidity Air (about 100%), heat and ventilation of the room in which they are located.
That is why the Medveda takes great care of his laying. It dials the roots of the plants so that they die on the surface, thereby increasing the area of \u200b\u200bsunlight entering, that is, the Earth warms up stronger.
The female regularly opens and closes the moves for regulating air humidity and temperature. Around the nest moves are usually dug in the form of a spiral. If all the conditions are favorable, after 14-20 days from eggs will appear medvedka larvae First age.
They are small, light shade, outdoor resemble an adult person, however, they have no wings yet. And also, before the first molting, they are absolutely blind, so they do not leave the nest. As soon as the time of the first molting of young people comes, they diverge for independent life.
They will have to survive a few more lines in order to become an exact copy of adult parents. As a rule, for this you need about 2 years. Interesting the fact that in the stage of an adult individual, the Medveda lives only a year, while in the steps of the smaller - 2 years. Total life expectancy of a healthy insect - 3 years.
The Medveda, the name of this insect is well acquainted with all gardeners, summer houses, gardeners, those who are engaged in growing plants, and familiar in a negative aspect. After all, the Medveda (she is Kapoolenka, she is a cricket-mole) is a pest for many plants. What habits of this insect, as she looks like and how to fight it, read all this further in our article.
Where did the name "Medveda" appeared
The name of his bear was obtained due to appearance, large sizes, brown-brown and clawed front paws. All this gave reason to compare this insect with Burym.
The second name of the Medvedka - Kapoolenka happened due to her love for young cabbage seedlings. But the third title "Cricket-Mole" comes from Latin "Gryllotalpa" (translated itself as "cricket-mole") and it is also not accidental. The Medveda has the similarity of the CO in the structure of the body and the ability to issue sounds, and on the clock it is similar to his ability to rip into the ground and the extended grows of the front paws, which contribute to the digging of the Earth.
Medvedka: description, structure, characteristic. What does the Medveda look like?
Medvedes relate to segmental insects and have rather large (as for insects) sizes. The body's length is from 3.5 to 5 cm. From above, its body has a brown-brown color, the bottom is drowned yellow. The body of the Medveda is covered with thin hairs.
Visual building of the Medveda.
The head of the insect has a direct or prenatical location towards the body. The axis of the body coincides with the axis of the head. The oral organs are powerful and directed jaws, and next to them are two pairs of tentacles.
The eyes of the Medvedka dontache are large and well visible, they have a faceture and are located on the sides of the head. On the head itself there are small filamentoid mustache.
Proverbing bear with side units (blades) that are fused down - big and flat, it is distinctive feature This insect. The head and the front of the body of this creature is covered with a dense chitine shell, with its help the bear can push and compacted the ground during digging holes. Thanks to him, she resembles cancer something.
The abdomen is a thick bear, it has 1 cm in diameter, and on its top there are anal and genital plates.
The wings of the Medvedka has as many as two pairs:
- The front wings are converted into short leathery hollows, they are covered with thick veins. In length, they reach the middle of the abdomen.
- Rear wings Medveda long, wide, transparent and webbed, with thin veins. In a calm state, they fan in the form of harnesses along the abdomen. But during the flight of Kapustyanki, the rear wings take the main participation, while the front wings are involved only limited.
An interesting fact: it is precisely on the housing of the Nacrelev, the Medveda can be distinguished by males from females. There are no larvae of this insect wings.
And also at the Medveda in the presence of a whole three pairs of limbs and each of them consists of a basin, hetervuga, hips, legs and a 3-seller paw. The rear paws are strong, as they are intended for movement and on their inner side are 1-4 spikes. The forefronts, with something resembling claws, are essentially a digging device.
An interesting fact: the hearing apparatus at the Medveda is located on the heads of the forelimbs, just like the grasshoppers, crickets and some other braking insects.
What sounds publishes
The Medveda is like cricket is a "musical" insect capable of pubishing trills, which sometimes can be heard at a distance to a semi-kilometer. Sounds are published by friction of rigid front hinds each other.
Trelli Medvedok serve to communicate between them, as well as very an important thing - Insect sexual reproduction, because by the execution of "love serenad" males call females. Females, by the way, are also able to shove. The sound power of the Medveda is 1.4 MW, while cricket this indicator is only 0.06 MW.
How many Medveda live
The life expectancy of the Medvedka is from three to five years.
What the Medveda is powered
All summer houses are known that it is the Medveda that the most common pest of vegetable, fruit, berry and garden crops. They damage the roots, tubers, seeds, underground parts of plants, and sometimes eat young plants. Medveda spoil potatoes, corn, beets, cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, turnips, pumpkins, watermelons, melons, grapes and many other cultures. Southetic citrus (oranges, tangerines, lemons), peanuts, cotton, tea are suffering in the south of them. In the forests of the Medveda damage the roots of many trees: oaks, beeches, pines, etc.
But do not think that the bear is exclusively vegetarians (however, very harmful vegetarians), being omnivorous creatures, they also eat some animals: rainworms, dragonflies, beetles and some other smaller insects.
Where the Medveda lives
These insects live on a wide geographical area, almost everywhere in Eurasia (with the exception of the Northern scandinavian countries), in northern Africa, in both America, in Australia. There are only them in Antarctica and the Northern Arctic areas.
As a habitat, the Medveda is most like wet places: meadows, floodplains of rivers. They usually live in underground moves, often occur near irrigation canals, in wetlands.
Lifestyle Medveda (Cabustook)
Lifestyle These insects prefer to lead the hidden and night, in the afternoon hiding in their holes, and at night going to hunt. Their presence is on garden plot It is possible to determine by winding, explosive rollers of the earth, small holes in the ground, and, of course, on healthy plants, which neither of this suddenly begin to die.
This looks like a bear tunnel.
At night, the Medvedka is engaged in damage / eating plants, also in search of food they are able to fly to considerable distances (usually bright light attracts). And they are not only able to fly, but also swim.
Natural enemies Medveda
Of course, the Medveda has its own enemies in natural conditions, among them, rhoki, starlats, crows, moles, ants (they pose a threat to the larvae of the Medveda). Also among the pets the enemy of this harmful to the insect garden is, which can hunt and eat the polarms like mice and rats than bears the great benefits for the economy.
Medveda as Fish Prix
Fishermen note, this creature is perfectly suitable as a bait for large fish, such as a catfish. True, it is important that the Medveda itself is alive.
Views of Medvedok, Photo and Names
Different types of bear are practically not distinguished between themselves, nor in appearance nor habits and lifestyle. It is possible to distinguish them biologically only by number. Next, we describe in detail some common views of the bear.
In fact, it is the most common view among these insects. Widespread in Europe (with the exception of Scandinavia), lives in a number of Asian countries and North Africa. Almost everything we describe here about the bear, primarily relating to the universal bear.
It has a little smaller dimensions, rather than the Medveda ordinary, the body length is 2.5-3.5 cm. It has a brown-yellow torso. Lives in African tropics and subtropics, but in addition to the Black Continent, it is also found in South-East Asia And even on the Japanese islands.
This species is distinguished by small sizes - from 1.9 to 3 cm. Inhabited by both America, and it is considered that they were initially found only in North AmericaBut gradually penetrated to South America.
In appearance is the exact twin of the unman of the common. As a habitat, this species prefers steppe terrain, inhabits in the Step-meal belt of our country to Ukraine, in the south of Russia, in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and a number of other Middle Eastern countries.
Reproduction of Medveda
The marriage of the Medvedok begins in the spring, after their mass outcome of the holes in which they walked. Moreover, the pairing process itself occurs underground, in nonora. In summer, the offspring has already appeared.
To the emergence of future children, both the female and male, the Medveda are carefully prepared, they dig complex and branched underground labyrinths and at a small depth (about 5 cm from the surface) create spherical nestings by 10 cm in diameter. In this nesting female, the Medvedka laying from 300 to 600 eggs. All this time, the female does not depart from his eggs, supporting the desired temperature And providing ventilation, for this purpose, it also cleans the moves, it employs plants roots, throwing the shadow on eggs, etc. All this is critical to the survival of the offspring. Medved eggs themselves something resemble the grains of millet, they have an oval shape, yellowish gray color and no more than 2 mm.
After 10-20 days from the eggs, the Medveda is beginning to hatch the larvae, they are nymphs, which are small gray six-legged befoldless creatures. Otherwise, they look like adult individuals. The first 20-30 days of the larvae are under the closer guard of the mother, and at the end of this deadline, the School of Medveda, who gave life to abundant offspring, alas, dies. The larvae at this time is already spread through the nora, they themselves begin to dig their holes and look for food. Their development and transformation into a full-fledged adult part takes from 1 to 2.5 years.
Where and how the Medveda
Enchanters winter (as well as their larvae) in the soil, manure or humus. And B. winter time They break down at times deeper than in summer - sometimes to a depth of 100-120 cm from the surface.
How to deal with a bear
The struggle between this insect pest and gardener is already since ancient times, in the arsenal of combating the bear there are as proven times folk remedies, so I. modern means Disinsection. Next we will stop in detail
Chemical Preparations from Medveda
You can make a bait of sparkled grains of corn, oats, barley, wheat or rye, without forgetting to add poison there. Earlier in such bait added such potent means as zinc phosphide and the DOS (DDT). Now this uses much more secure special poisons exclusively for bear, for example, Medveoks, they do not harm the soil, rain worms, and kill extremely pests.
The finished bait can be purchased in a specialized store. Make it in the soil optimally in early spring, a week before sowing crops.
Agrotechnical events
Agrotechnical activities such as deep spring and autumn plowing, regular soil loosening, also help get rid of bear in a garden or garden plot.
Destruction of the Medveda Means
You can try to fight with a bear and different mechanical means.
- Arrange for them traps in null pits. The fact is that they love to winter in manure. And when they gather in the dung yam in winter, it should be scattered along the garden. Medveda, there are driving from the cold. True, it is only relevant for places with a cold climate.
- In the location of the cluster of the bear insert into the ground a jar or a bottle. Then pour beer there as bait. Once there, the polarms will no longer be able to get out.
- Put a lighthead for bear pool - arrange garden lightsAnd under them filled with water with kerosene tanks. Since at night, the Medveda fly to the light, then hitting the lantern, they will fall into the liquid harvested for them.
- In the mink, made by pests, you can pour water with sunflower oil. Water will push them on the surface, and the oil will not give to breathe.
Fighting Medved Folk Remedies
- - You can try to scare up the bear unpleasant smells for them. Such publish: rotten fish, long husk, wormwood, garlic and mint cloves.
- You can also pour the land with a divorced bird litter. Suitable and chicken.
- Plant plants that do not tolerate the Medveda: garlic, chrysanthemum, long-term carnation.
Precautions when dealing with a bear in the garden
Using strong chemicals against the Medveda, you must remember caution. Instead, other plants, soil or pets do not have to suffer.
- South-East Asian gourmets sometimes use these insects as a delicacy. Moreover, they prepare them in a fried, stewed, marinated form, with the addition of seasonings or even without them.
- Sometimes the Medveda also brings some benefit, as it destroys the larvae of the May beetles and some other insects that eat plants
- The benefits of the Medveda as not strange in the field of pharmaceuticals. So it makes a powder that goes like one of the components for the medication from tuberculosis.
Medveda, video
And at the end of a small practical video about how to deal with the bear.
It seems that the creation of many Hollywood monsters directorists inspired the insect of the Medveda. And it is not surprising, because this relative of ordinary home cricket and in its natural amount hurts the horror on many dachensons and gardeners, and an enlarged and embedded film industry and suppressed. The only one who rejoices in this garden mold is fishermen. It is said that at the Medveda Som well takes.
But what does the Medveda look like in a large magnification on the photograph.
Medvedka - What is not a cosmic monster from "horror"?
Biological characteristics of the insect
Classification
An ordinary Medveda refers to the family of the same name. In turn, above the hierarchy costs the supervisor of the crickets from the sub-train of long and straight flocks.
Dimensions
Sizes of the Medveda against the background of many other insects are amazed. In the length of her body, not counting mustache and churches, reaches five centimeters. The thickness of the insect abdomen is about one centimeter in diameter. Length and mustache and churches are about ten millimeters.
Our reference! Churches - appendages at the end of the abdomen of some types of insects. They are the felief organs, like Medvedok, or are converted to Forces, like two-dimensions.
Description
We describe how the Medveda looks like. Its body consists of two departments:
- Headband, its size is about 12-15 millimeters, has a hard shell. The structure of this part of the body allows partially to hide the insect head under the shelter.
- Abdomen a length of 30-35 millimeters. At its base, a pair of wings is attached, along the length of frequently leaving for its length. At the end of the abdomen - filamentous appendages - churches.
Rota apparatus Medveda - ricking with powerful jaws capable of contacting solid Corre. rootfodes. Near the mouth are a mustache and a pair of small short tentacles.
The front legs are converted into peculiar shovels, allowing the bear to easily ride moves in the soil. The hind legs in contrast to grasshoppers or crickets are simpler, they are not intended for insect jumps, but only for simple movement over the surface or inside their own moves.
The wings of the Medveda allow it to take off during warm weather when the muscles are fairly warreed to perform such work. True, the Medveda flies rarely and reluctantly, more often she chooses movement on the ground.
The color gamut of the body is expressed in brown and brown tones of varying degrees of intensity and dyeing tonality.
Where does the Medveda live?
The Medveda lives throughout mainland Europe with the exception of the Scandinavian Peninsula countries. Its varieties are found in Western and Central Asia, as well as in North Africa and the Caucasus.
In the countries of East Asia and Africa, the Medvedka is used in food, as well as many other insects. They are an excellent protein additive to vegetable food. For those who want to familiarize themselves with an exotic dish, we offer a simple recipe.
Recipe! In a heated in a pan vegetable oil Fry garlic for 5 minutes. Add bear, grasshoppers and other locust and extinguish for 10-15 minutes. Bon Appetit! 🙂
In Russia, the Medvedka (Kapoulinka, so it is called in some areas) is found in almost the entire European part, excluding the northern regions.
As for habitats, the insect is found in the soils warmed by the sun, with mainly wet soil. Therefore, she likes the soft warm beds irrigated with gardens, especially in greenhouses and greenhouses. Often the bear can be found along the shores of the reservoirs, from where it is washed off coastal waters. This is where the love of some predatory fish to such a bait.
Lifestyle
In the afternoon, it is difficult for the day, as it leads mainly an underground lifestyle and the soil surface is chosen mainly in the dark.
In May-June, the Medveda appear on the surface more often than usual. During this period, their reproduction occurs, and instincts move insects to converge with each other.
Inhabited insects at a depth of 20 centimeters, and the wintering can be burned into the soil to one meter, although compost and dull piles are favorite places of hibernation.
Moving in its turns, they communicate with each other, or rather feed signals to tribesmen. What sounds do the Medveda? Yes, the same kind of drainage as the grasshoppers, only a lot of brief. Biologists argue that at the same time the insect highlights up to 1.2 MW of energy, which is 200 times higher than that of cricket. A man at night can hear the dwarfish from a distance of six hundred meters.
The day of the Medveda also shine, but less intense. The fact is that birds feed on these insects have learned to find them in sound, and in combination with daylight, such a hunt may be the most lucky.
Reproduction
After the end of the mating, the female postpones over five hundred eggs in a pre-prepared mink. It looks like a huge earthy cocoon with a lot of eggs.
In the middle of summer, young larvae appears from eggs, resembling an adult insect, only with a less protected body and developed rear legs, like a grasshopper. In addition, the larvae is devoid of wings and blinds, like newborns of kittens.
Before turning the larvae in an adult, it may be necessary to need from a year to two. At the same time, the insect passes from eight to ten lines, each of which prepares the body of the nymphs to adult life.
Thus, we see that the Medveda in development does not have a pupa's stage, and the larva, in fact, is the infant form of imago. This kind of insect development is called "incomplete transformation."
Our reference! Insect larvae with incomplete transformation not only similar to adult individuals outwardly, but also their behavior and food is similar to Imago.
Nutrition and harm
What does the Medveda eat? The answer to this question seems to be simple, but also complicated at the same time. It would seem if insects gnaw roots cultural plants And it is approaching the roots of seedlings, the answer is unequivocal, but it was not there.
Still, many biologists are inclined that the basic preference of the Medveda give animal food:
- worms;
- larvae of other insects;
- dead and alive insect.
As for damage to the roots, it can occur because. That the plant simply met the Medvedka on the way. In favor of this, the habitat of these insects along the banks of the rivers, where the root roots usually do not grow.
Is the Medveda for seedlings? Undoubtedly. The fact is that the dig of his moves, the Medveda sometimes simply does not pay attention to small roots and breaks through its tunnels directly through the places of their growing. This underground armored train will not roll a spare way to bypassing such a minor obstacle as a cabbage sapling spine.
Since the larvae of the Medvedka, as mentioned above, an exact copy of the adult insect, they feed on almost the same larvae and worms as their parents. A weaker ricking apparatus does not give larvae to damage roots, but the soft gentle roots who met on their way will complement their diet.
Benefit
Here, truly, the unexpected name of the head of the Medvedka. However, and from such a terrible beast is the benefit of a person.
- Medveda, swelling its moves, aerate soil. Air, falling through their moves under the ground, bring oxygen that is necessary for the livelihood of microorganisms.
- Medvedok eat, and dishes from them in Thailand and other countries of East Asia are considered delicacies.
- From dried insects make medicinal powders, helping tuberculosis and oncological diseases.
- Medveda, like a grasshopper and locust, are an excellent bait for fishing. It is peeled: Soma, Nalima, Harbuck, Yazi, Usachi and other species of fish.
- As a predator of the Medveda expects many other insects and their larvae, thus significantly helping, in the protection of cultivated plants.
As you can see, this terrible insect has many advantages. Whether it hurts specifically to your garden garden, depends on the number of individuals on the site and the conjunctures of their behavior. Before starting the fight against the Medveda, we carefully weigh everything for and against, after which make a conclusion.
Many readers are asked, the Medveda bites or not? We answer, as such a bite of the Medveda is impossible due to the features of the mouth structure. Insect may pin down you with front legs, and that if you insert her finger.
Cultivation of Medveda
If there is benefit from the bear, it is worth it to breed that some people are successful and doing. Adult individuals sell for medicines or exotic restaurants. Someone just loves to watch their livelihoods and keeps them in the type of aquarium fish, fishermen are grown as a future bait.
So, when the content of it at home, the Medveda is fed:
- worms;
- meat residues;
- hamarus, feed for aquarium fish;
- caught and attached insects;
- small-block porridge.
But the potatoes, radish, cucumbers and apples of the Medveda contrary to popular opinion in captivity practically does not eat.
Interesting around us and under us. Medved video: