A hip roof is a type of hip roof, in which two slopes are trapezoidal in shape, and the other two (end ones) are triangular (having the same name “hips”). If the end slopes occupy the entire area from the ridge to the eaves, it is a hip roof; if they do not reach the eaves, it is a half-hip roof.
The roof of a house performs a dual function - on the one hand, it is charged with protecting the building from external influences, and on the other, it is designed to decorate the structure and give it individuality.
Historically, in Russia preference was given to simpler single- and gable roofs, while Europeans prefer a hip or hip roof, which has advantages and disadvantages under certain conditions.
Hip roof - advantages and disadvantages
Pros:
- greater structural rigidity. Achieved by corner ribs connecting near the ridge support beam;
- the possibility of arranging more protruding overhangs, which provides additional protection house walls;
- aesthetic appeal.
Minuses:
- complexity of calculation and installation;
- higher cost of project implementation;
- reducing the area of the attic (in particular in the area where diagonal supports are installed);
- impossibility of installing an attic;
- natural light is only possible by installing windows in the roofing pie.
Since the shortcomings are not critical - hipped roof hip type is actively practiced in modern construction private houses.
Varieties (types and types) of hip roof
Studying the device rafter system hip roof, it should be noted that within this type, there are several types of structures. In turn, this makes adjustments to general process construction of the rafter system frame.
Classic hip roof
It is distinguished by the support of the diagonal ribs on the ridge support beam and the location of the overhangs at the same height. Individual elements hip roofs correspond to a triangle (gables) and a trapezoid (slopes).
Hip hip roof
It is distinguished by the absence of a ridge support beam. This leads to the fact that all the diagonal ribs converge at a single point, and ordinary short rafters are already adjacent to them. This type of roof is preferred if the house has a square frame. But forming a reliable ridge assembly is quite complicated.
Half hip roof
It is distinguished by the presence of vertical gables in which windows can be installed. The picture shows the difference between two types of half-hip roofs (Dutch and Danish).
Sloping hip roof or mansard hipped roof
The most complex design of the hip roof rafter system in terms of construction, since in this case, all roof slopes have different area and disperse under different angles. A sloping (attic) roof allows you to more rationally organize the internal roof space and, in addition to additional living space, give the house a spectacular appearance. appearance.
Hip roof design
Regardless of the type of roof, all types have the same elements of the hip roof rafter system:
ridge support beam or ridge beam- used for a classic hip roof, performs the function load-bearing element, to which the diagonal rafters are attached;
diagonal rafter (side, rib, slant or corner rafter) - a longer rafter leg that is attached to the end of the ridge beam under acute angle, forming one of the sides of the triangle;
central rafter - boards of the same length that adjoin the ridge beam and form the edges of the trapezoidal roof slope. Between them there are intermediate rafters;
intermediate or ordinary rafters - forms the plane of the trapezoidal slope, the distance between them determines the run of the rafter system;
raspnik or short rafter - a structural element that is attached to a diagonal rafter, forming a triangular overhang and corner parts of trapezoids.
Hip roof calculation
The calculation of the hip roof truss system is carried out taking into account the following prerequisites:
- wind load in the region. The higher it is, the flatter the slope should be, and the stronger the entire structure. For leveling strong wind the central and diagonal rafters are made thicker;
- amount of precipitation. Observed inverse relationship. The higher the amount of precipitation, the steeper the slope should be so that snow and rain do not create pressure on the rafter system;
- type of roofing material. Each type roofing material puts forward its own requirements for the sheathing, and also has a certain weight. These factors must be taken into account at the design stage;
- the need for roof insulation. In this case, the rafter installation step is calculated taking into account the width thermal insulation material. In addition, the distance between the rafters depends on the type and section of the wood.
The calculation of roofing material is carried out using formulas taking into account the angle of inclination of the roof. Optimal roof pitch for roofing materials different types shown in the table:
The slope of the slope angle determines the position of the rafters. In turn, the position of the intermediate rafter is calculated as follows:
- first, a center line is applied to the top trim of the end wall;
- then half the thickness of the ridge beam is calculated, and the placement line of the first of the central intermediate rafters is drawn;
- then the end of the measuring rod is aligned with the placement line of the central intermediate rafter marked above;
- a line of the internal contour of the side wall is applied to the opposite end of the measuring rod;
- the resulting point is the position of the intermediate rafter.
The relationship between the length of the rafters and their position is calculated using a correction factor, the value of which depends on the angle of inclination of the roof slope. The length of the rafter leg is determined by multiplying the laying by the coefficient.
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Formulas for calculating a hip roof
| Ridge height |  |
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| Ridge beam length |
The length of the house minus its width |
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| Central length rafters (trapezoid) |
 |
Pythagorean theorem |
| Length of ordinary rafters | Calculated similarly to the length of the central rafters | |
| Rafter extension to form frame overhang |
 |
 |
| Tilt angle ordinary rafters |
 |
 |
| Diagonal length hip rafters |
 |
 |
| Narozhniki (short rafters) |
 First short rafter |
 |
 Second short rafter |
||
| Square hip roof |
 |
 |
How to calculate the area of a hip roof?
To know how much roofing material to buy, you need to know total area roofs.
To do this, you need to break the entire roof into simple components geometric figures and make a calculation for each of them.
Calculating the area of a hip roof allows you to determine in advance not only the costs of purchasing roofing materials and installation, but also to determine the requirements for materials, as well as the need for arrangement and the exact configuration of the sheathing.
Hip roof rafter system drawing
The result of the project development and calculations will be a diagram-drawing of the hip roof rafter system. There are no similar drawings that are ready for use without taking into account the features of a particular structure and the place where it was built.
Development preliminary scheme can be done independently (a simple sketch will allow you to determine the direction of the project). But, it is better to entrust the drawing to specialists or use special programs for calculation. It should be remembered that what more complex design roof, the more accurately you need to calculate the rafter system: configuration and materials. This will also affect the cost and duration installation work.
The hip roof drawing must include an indication of the purpose of the material, its installation location and method of fastening. It is advisable to include the key components of the hip roof rafter system, for example, the connection of diagonal supports to the ridge beam or the installation of rafter legs on the mauerlat, in a separate drawing and describe them in more detail.
Drawing of a hip roof (sloping rafters with emphasis on two purlins)
Drawing of a hip roof rafter system with a bay window
Having a schematic drawing will be a good help in the manufacture of blanks and subsequent installation of the roof.
Tools for building a hip roof
The design of the roof and the methods for arranging the components determine the set of tools that should be prepared before starting work.
To work with wood you will need: a level, a hacksaw, a hammer, a tape measure, a marking cord, and a stapler.
To work with metal structures you will need an electric drill, a riveter, and cutting shears.
Tool and Consumables must be prepared in advance, because complex installation The hip roof rafter system requires a large number of cuts and installation of nails.
To simplify measurements and be able to make all parts the same size, craftsmen advise replacing the tape measure with a measuring rod. The measuring rod is made of plywood 50 mm wide, onto which the main dimensions are applied.
Hip roof material
The species and type of wood influence direct influence for durability and reliability roofing structure. Craftsmen advise giving preference to lumber or pine. All blanks require pre-treatment flame retardants and antiseptics.
In addition to wood you will need metal fastenings, nails, screws, anchor bolts.
Note. Forming a hip rafter system on wooden house, which can shrink, craftsmen advise using floating fasteners to connect the rafters to the Mauerlat. This method compensates for the movement of the crowns during natural shrinkage houses made of timber or logs.
Hip roof rafter system - installation technology
DIY rafter system devices step by step:
1. Preparation of blanks (rafters)
This is the most difficult and time-consuming part of construction, because... associated with:
- the need to provide given angle inclination of rafter legs;
- different lengths of rafters (short rafters);
- the presence of diagonal rafters (sloping), which are given Special attention. Due to their length, slanted rafters carry a greater load than the main rafters, and therefore require the use of higher quality lumber with a larger cross-section. In addition, the length of the diagonal rafters often exceeds standard length boards
To avoid buying miscellaneous lumber, in practice the splicing (mating) method is used edged boards to obtain the specified length.
Advantages of rafter splicing technology:
- obtaining continuous beams of a given length;
- increasing the strength of the diagonal rafters of the hip roof due to the doubled cross-section;
- simplification of calculation and purchase of material (unification of dimensions: length and cross-section);
- the possibility of using boards designed to form ordinary rafters.
2. Mounting the Mauerlat
Mauerlat for a hip roof is wooden beam large section (100x100 or 100x150 mm) mounted along the perimeter of the walls. First grade wood is used for the Mauerlat.
The peculiarity of laying the Mauerlat is that the timber is connected along the length only with an overlap, but not end-to-end, using many connection points with the base of the wall. The connecting nodes are additionally reinforced with metal brackets.
Since the purpose of the Mauerlat is to serve as a support for the rafter legs, it needs protection from moisture. For this purpose, a hydraulic barrier is placed between the wall and the beam (for example, roofing felt is used).
Note. Under the mauerlat in brick houses (or made of aerated concrete, foam concrete, wood concrete), a reinforced concrete belt with pre-installed studs for mounting the timber is poured. The pin has a diameter of 10 mm or more and should protrude beyond the plane of the Mauerlat by 20-30 mm. The stud installation pitch is 1000-1200 mm.
3. Purlin installation
A purlin is a beam installed parallel to the sides of the mauerlat. The purlin serves as the basis for installing additional supports under the rafter legs. The installation of a purlin is not a mandatory stage of work and is performed only for hip roofs large area or having a configuration increased complexity. The location of the purlin is shown in the diagram.
It should be taken into account that the point of maximum load will vary depending on the location - on the ridge of the hip or on the edge of the valley.
Note. The hipped hip roof is mounted without support, and a complex assembly is formed at the junction of the diagonal rafters.
4. Installation of support posts
The racks serve as a support when installing the ridge beam ( Orange color on the picture).
5. Installation of the ridge beam
Installation of the hip roof ridge is accompanied by precise measurements. Since the entire roof structure will rest on the ridge, the correctness of its installation is checked in terms of height and level.
6. Attaching rafter legs
Regarding the sequence of work at this stage, the opinions of the craftsmen differ. This makes it possible to distinguish two directions for performing work:
- The central rafters are mounted, and then the diagonal ones. This procedure is simpler;
- diagonal rafters are mounted, and then the rest.
During installation bottom part the rafter leg rests on the mauerlat.
The support of rafters on a hip roof is shown in the diagram. The first option (with cutting) is simpler, but the second (with support beam) is preferable because in this case, the fastening does not weaken the rafter.
Forming a knot on a ridge beam is possible in different ways.
Options for top fastening of diagonal rafters are shown in the diagram.
Advice. For rigidity, it is advisable to strengthen all nodes metal elements(staples, plates, corners).
Since diagonal rafters bear a significant load, they can be strengthened using such means as:
- installation of the rack. Mounted vertically on the ceiling;
- installation of the strut. Mounted at an angle. The angle of inclination is not decisive. The ability of the brace to strengthen the diagonal rafter is important;
- truss Essentially, this is a T-shaped short beam rotated 180°. It is used on long spans and is installed so that its base is oriented perpendicular to the diagonal rafter.
7. Installation of ordinary rafters
The rows are installed similarly to the installation of the central rafters, which form the edges of the trapezoid. Their lower part rests and is attached to the mauerlat, and the upper part rests against the ridge beam. It is important to maintain the same distance between row rafters.
8. Installation of roof trusses (short rafters)
Spawners are made only from solid lumber. At the junction of the spigot and the long rafter, notches are made or support beams are installed. The installation site is additionally reinforced with metal elements.
Note. Installation of hip roof extensions is possible in staggered intervals to simplify installation.
In any case, the spigots are installed after formation power frame roofs. Their installation completes the work on installing the hip roof rafter system.
DIY hip roof step by step - video
The program shows the process of installing a rafter system for a gable hip roof with a central bay window along a short wall.
Once the rafter system is ready, you can begin installation roofing, the specifics of fastening of which determine the need to install the sheathing on the rafter legs.
Installation of a hip roof truss system is a long process that requires attention to every stage of the work - from calculation and selection of material, to installation of parts and strengthening of fastening points. But, if all stages are carried out correctly, the result will be a beautiful and reliable roof for a private home.
In order not to be confused in the concepts of roofing and roofing, experts give a special definition. The top layer of the roof, which is designed to protect the house from such atmospheric phenomena, like wind, snow, rain, hail - this is the roof. The roofs themselves come in several main varieties - flat (with a slope of no more than 3 degrees) and attic type. It is precisely the latter that include hip roofs.
Understanding the concept - hip roof
Four-slope types with various variations are called hip roofs. The geometric shape of one pair of slopes is made in the form of a trapezoid. The second pair of slopes are triangular. It is the triangular elements that are called “Hips”. It is from this element that the roof takes its name. Classic hips are located from the ridge to the eaves.
If the bottom line of the slope is above the level of the cornice, then floors with this shape are called “Half-hip”.
This form can most often be found on newly built cottages and country houses. Despite their unusual shape, they are quite practical and the whole house acquires a beautiful and unique appearance.
Features of hip roofs
For those who choose how to protect their building from bad weather, it is better to familiarize themselves with the advantages and disadvantages of hip roofs in advance.
Let's talk about the benefits first
- It is designed better than others to protect against all kinds of atmospheric phenomena. Due to the absence of strictly vertical elements in its design, wind resistance is greatly reduced. As a result, such roofs are more resistant to deformation of structural elements;
- Such a roof, made in compliance with all construction requirements, will certainly attract attention due to its spectacular shape. This feature of these roofs serves as a determining factor when choosing;
- Additional corner stiffeners provide increased rigidity and, as a result, are able to withstand heavy loads;
- Due to their shape, the areas of all elements are almost the same. Therefore, the sun's rays hitting the surface are distributed more evenly over the entire surface;
- In addition to protecting against overheating, it retains heat better in winter;
- Thanks to its design, it allows you to equip additional attic space or arrange an attic.
Weaknesses of hip roofs
- The main disadvantage is that it requires spending much more material resources. It takes a lot of time and extra effort to arrange it;
- It is impossible to do without design calculations of geometric elements before erecting a roof. Otherwise high-quality execution impossible in principle;
- The useful attic area in hip roofs is reduced. It will not be possible to significantly expand the attic or attic space;
- Without knowledge of construction technology, it is very difficult to do it yourself. Even if fulfilled construction work professional teams, construction will take longer compared to traditional gable roofs.
Important! Carrying out installation work by highly qualified specialists is an additional financial expense.
Hip roof and its varieties
In terms of its structure, it has several types of construction.
Dutch roofing
A characteristic feature of this type of roof is the location of the lower edge of the hip above the level of the slope. Thus, it becomes possible to equip a comfortable attic, and Dutch roofs only benefit from this. The ceiling in the extension will be sloped only on two sides. Climatic features of the region of origin of the roof, with snowy winters, dictate the need to construct steeper slopes with small overhangs.
Danish roof
Important! To build such a roof, it is better to seek help from professionals.
Bay window roof
Architectural elements of a house located outside the main facade are called bay windows. Such projections - bay windows - are used in the interior space of the house or as winter Garden or an additional seating area.
Are there any other advantages to this design?
By using a bay window, you can increase the internal area of the house on any side of the building, thereby increasing the ability to design a house to your liking.
Typically, home owners add a bay window to expand the size of their dining and living rooms. The use of stained glass and textured glass to decorate a bay window looks very elegant, from the windows of which a beautiful panoramic view opens.
The bay window also makes it possible to improve lighting internal space rooms. Adds light and air to the entire building.
Hip roof
A distinctive feature of such roofs is the presence of all four hips of the same shape, which are located at the same angle. Such features have found their application in homes square shape.
How to calculate the height of a roof hip
On right choice The height of any roof is influenced by a number of factors: - Total number of stingrays;
- Angles of inclination of structural elements;
- Form;
- Type of coating material;
- Home owner preferences.
Also, you can choose the angle of inclination of the trapezoid slopes hip design(from 5º to 60º) is influenced by the traditional wind and snow load in the region. With a heavy snow load, it is better to increase the angle of inclination. This causes a complication of the roof structure and, as a result, an increase in material consumption.
If wind prevails in the region, the angle is usually reduced.
Tent roofs withstand wind loads especially well (due to the same shape and area of the slopes) in regions without a specific wind direction.
The principle of calculating the height of a hip slab is the same as that used to determine the height of a gable roof.
The angle of inclination of the elements is most often selected in the range of 30º-50º. At smaller angles of inclination, there is a high probability that snow will accumulate on the surface, and this causes additional load on the rafter system.
With a slope that exceeds 50º, the wind load on the rafter system increases.
- h—height;
- b/2 - distance from the central point of the base to the edge;
- α - .
For example:
How is a 4-pitch roof calculated?
Important! For the amount of materials for arrangement hip ceiling The type of skate also influences.
Depends on his choice general structure rafter system. It is also necessary to take into account the materials for the construction of snow guards, insulation, etc.
The height of the attic also affects the height of the roof hip.
Home is an integral part of any person’s life. And it doesn't matter where you live own home or rent.
Or maybe you're in this moment are you doing it?
For those who decide to build a house themselves, it is important to remember that special attention should be paid to the roof.
This structural element is of particular importance, both from an aesthetic and practical point of view. After all, he will have to protect the entire building from various weather conditions:
- Rain;
- Snow;
- Hail;
- Wind;
- Sun.
Therefore, before construction, it is necessary to think in advance what shape the roof will have? What roofing material is best to cover it with? Carry out the necessary work before starting construction so that no problems arise during the overlap period.
It is better to select the shape based on the climate of the region where you live. This determines how effective the protection of the entire building will be. different periods of the year.
They are divided into:
- Flat;
- Pitched.
Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.
But in regions with frequent precipitation in the form of rain, snow or hail, it is best to install pitched options.
Thanks to the angle of inclination, precipitation does not accumulate on the plane, but flows down the slopes into special whirlpools. The tilt angles are selected according to the wishes of the developer, starting from 10 degrees.
They are also divided into several types:
- Steep angle of the gable surface;
- The flat shape of the gable plane;
- A broken line with the location of the attic;
- Hip with four sloped sides;
- Half-hip;
- In the form of a tent with four slopes.
When choosing a suitable form, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors: how heavy the rainfall is in your area; whether the winds are blowing and especially how strong and for how long, this is important for choosing a suitable angle of inclination.
Types of roofs
Hip roof - what is it and what types are there?
The main difference between a hip roof and all others is the presence of four slopes. consists of two large parts, which have the shape of a trapezoid, and the small ones are triangles.
This species was named because of its triangular slopes located on the front side.
To build such a structure, a double screed and beams are required. It is also necessary to arrange for each slope so that moisture does not damage the walls of the house.
When planning the design of drains, you should think about where precipitation will flow; some combine drains with the general sewer system. But here It is important to consider the amount of precipitation in your area.
Hip roofing has many advantages, the main one being wind protection against strong gusts. This design is less subject to deformation and lasts much longer than a gable roof.
- For – 21 degrees;
- For – 13 degrees;
- For – 10 degrees;
- – 6 degrees;
- For – 12 degrees, it is necessary to carry out good sealing of the joints;
- For roll material, if it is laid in two layers - 15 degrees, a three-layer overlap requires 2-5 degrees;
- For membrane roofing Any angle will do.
Once you have decided on the angle, you should start calculating the gap between the rafter legs. The distance depends on the severity of the roofing material - from 60 cm to 1 m. Afterwards, the amount of material for covering is calculated.
When proceeding directly to installation, you should adhere to some rules:
- First you definitely need mark all the details future design.
- The structural parts must be fastened in a certain sequence.
- Afterwards proceed to connecting all the parts into a single design, using metal corners or plates.
- When installing, it is better to use solid rafters for structural strength. If the roof is too long, double beams should be used.
As advice:
- The structure will be stronger and more durable if well-dried coniferous beams are used.
- You will avoid inaccuracies in measurements if you use a measuring rod rather than a tape measure.
- All beams for the structure must be chosen of the same thickness.
- Take all measurements along the bottom edge of the rafters.
Pay special attention when calculating and designing a hip roof. If you doubt own strength, then consult with professionals.
Hip roof device
Tilt angles
Hip roof with attic - features
When building a house, an attic is not so much an attribute of practicality as of aesthetics. It's nice to admire the view from the attic windows.
Designing an attic, if you have chosen the hip roof option, is quite complicated. That's why should be carefully carried out preliminary calculations on the drawing.
Markings for the future installation of a hip roof should be made along the lower part, where the attic floors will be located. The center is marked on the end side, this is where the ridge beam will pass.
The main difference in the design is the placement of the hip rafters. They do not tighten with puffs, as is done, for example, when building a gable roof.
That's why the load will fall on the ridge beam, diagonal and ordinary ones rest on it rafter legs.
Building a hip roof with an attic will add sophistication to your home, but will require serious energy costs, not to mention money.
Hip roof with attic
Hip roof with non-residential attic - features
If you do not plan to inhabit the attic space of the house, this will simplify the roof design. Since the hip roof has a gentle slope, short rafters can be used for a structure with a smaller cross-section, which will significantly save the construction budget.
A residential attic will require a revision of the design, including changing the shape of the roof or significantly raising it beam floor. A similar solution can be used for the construction of large cottage houses, where the dimensions of the structure allow the attic to be equipped as a room.
Hip roof with attic
Examples of house projects
For the future developer to choose from are offered different variants hip roofs:
- In the form of a tent- the simplest of all designs. It looks like a pyramid and does not require additional costs and does not cause design problems.
- With trapezoidal sides roofs. This shape suits longhouses.
- Semi-oval shape. Quite complex, both in design and financial terms. It requires additional costs. But in terms of beauty and aesthetics it is significantly higher than others.
Projects one-story houses with a hipped roof:
Project wooden house with hipped roof
Project of a house with a metal roof
Conclusion
If difficulties do not frighten you, then you can start building a hip roof yourself. Thanks to positive aspects This roof shape will give you comfort and convenience, as well as attractiveness.
The appearance of the house directly depends on what kind of roof it has, whether it looks luxurious or not. However, we should not forget that, first of all, the roof should not perform an aesthetic function, but a protective one. The hip roof design is very popular, especially for one-story houses; it is one of the types of hip roofs.
Advantages
The advantages include:
- Lack of vertical end walls and pediment.
- Best wind resistance.
- Less susceptible to destruction than other types of roofs is the eaves area.
- High rigidity thanks to angular ribs.
- You can install overhangs that protect the walls and façade from weather influences (rain or snow).
- Aesthetically attractive appearance, solidity, solemnity.
Flaws
Regardless of the fact that there are a number of advantages of a hip roof, we should also not forget about the disadvantages. One of negative qualities It will become difficult to install this type of roof, because it is much more difficult to install than a gable roof. Due to the difficulties in installation, it is logical that the cost of a hip roof will be higher.
It should also be noted that the end sides of the roof reduce the attic area, so it is not recommended to build an attic under such a roof. If you make an attic here, you need to pay special attention to the windows, as they can let moisture in, causing puddles to appear.
Kinds
A traditional hip roof has straight rafters and angled ribs that extend all the way to the ridge. The roof overhangs have a uniform height, set in advance. In general, the two roof planes resemble a trapezoid, and the end planes are adjacent and externally resemble a triangle.
A hip hip roof is a hipped roof, the ribs of which converge at one upper point. Danish or Dutch half-hip - the upper part of the short slopes is equipped with pediments.
A hip sloping roof is a hipped type of roof, which is called a mansard roof. This type of roof is the most difficult to construct and install, but it is under it that you can place a large and spacious attic. broken roof the most expensive, however, its use is the most rational.
Calculations
- The length of the slope from the eaves to the ridge.
- Area, taking into account the chimney pipe and skylights.
- Overhangs, paralets and firewall walls.
- Junctions of canvases (in case roll roofing), as well as standing seams.
If the roofing material used to cover the hip roof is metal tile, then the length of the slopes must be reduced by 0.7 meters.
Calculating the area of a hip roof is very difficult and it is not recommended to do it yourself. It is best to involve professionals who can accurately calculate the area using a computer program and take measurements.
For maximum accuracy, the roof is conditionally divided into several parts, after which the area of each of them is calculated and finally summed up. This method is optimal because it is simple and reliable, and the possibility of error is completely eliminated.
Correct calculation of the area affects not only the strength and reliability of the structure, but also the cost of construction, since it is calculated required quantity all materials: wood, roofing, etc.
It is also important to consider technical specifications coating, its thickness and length. All this directly affects the weight of the roofing and the ease of its installation. For example, ceramic tiles heavy, it is necessary to create rafters and install sheathing, and for flexible tiles All this is not required, since it is relatively light in weight.
Nuances of the rafter system
The rafter system and its design need to be given special attention, since its installation is much more expensive and difficult compared to a lean-to or gable roof. This design requires the installation of special rafters (sloping diagonal) oriented towards the corners of the walls.
Diagonal rafters are much longer than standard ones; they rest on the rafters of the slopes (springs). Hence, these rafters carry 1.5 times more load than traditional rafters. In this regard, you need to pay special attention to the choice of wood, which should be of the highest quality. Sloping rafters are constructed using the mating method so that they can cope with the load placed on them.
The process of pairing diagonal rafters will allow:
- Get long continuous beams.
- Find high strength, capable of handling loads due to its double cross-section.
- Unification of standard sizes of parts that are used.
Installation stages
Sequence of hip roof assembly:
- Construction of the Mauerlat. This concept hides ordinary timber made of wood, the cross-section of which is 100*100, 100*150 or 150*150 millimeters. Important Feature– the timber must be solid, knots and cracks are unacceptable.
- Mauerlat fastening. It is connected along its entire length not end-to-end, but into an overlay, after which the corners are secured with metal corners, plates and brackets.
- Installation of the ridge, racks and side beams. The ideal width to height ratio is 1:2. Thus, the beams will practically not deform and will last for many years. The rafter beam is selected in a similar way.
- Installation of rafters and cutting them to height. Installation of slanted rafters with a large cross-section.
- Installation of ordinary rafters. Corner rafters must have a large cross-section, since they have an increased load and must cope with it efficiently.
- Installation of the remaining rafters. All of them must be solid or special linings must be installed at their joints. Connect wooden elements overlapped using metal corners. At the junction of all the elements, it is necessary to install support notches that strengthen the roof structure.
After this, all that remains is to choose the type of roof and begin the final work. It should be noted that the process of assembling a roof frame is labor-intensive and requires special knowledge and skills, so it is better to hire professionals.
The aesthetic characteristics of the roof are an important component of the image of a residential building. No one will argue with this. But whatever you say, the strength and reliability of the roofing structure is more important. Therefore, developers carefully choose its shape. The hip roof in this regard has excellent characteristics. House designs with hip roof one- and two-story, if their area is large enough. At the same time, the four-story structure gives the house some kind of solidity.
If living quarters are to be organized under a hip roof, then dormers and windows become an integral part of it. They will provide illumination to the rooms during the daytime. It should be noted that a hip roof will be larger than a gable roof with the same area of the building itself. Therefore, the costs of its construction will also be higher; these are not only financial costs, but also temporary ones.
Hip roof project - design features
What are the features of the hip roof itself? Its design consists of four slopes: two trapezoidal, two triangular. All of them are connected to each other by a ridge beam. But when choosing a hip structure project, you must first of all pay attention to the angle of inclination of the slopes. The thing is that the angle of inclination of the roof elements allows rainwater and melt water, which is the main indicator of quality for roofs. In principle, the angle value is quite wide, it varies from 15° to 65°. Why such a wide range?
Attention! An increase in the angle of inclination of the roof requires an increase in its structure, and therefore an increase in the amount of building materials used. The roofing design must take this into account.
Features of the rafter system
A hip roof project for a house is basically a rafter system project. By the way, this applies to all types of roofs for houses. What do designers propose in this regard? Option two:
- Hanging rafter system. What is its essence? These are rafter legs that rest on external walls Houses. Such a structure has a small margin of strength and stability. True, it is precisely such projects that are very popular among private developers today. And the whole point is that this is the most economical option in terms of expenses building materials, plus ease of construction. But maintaining and repairing this building is not easy. Therefore, experts recommend using such roof designs only for simple tasks, where it is precisely determined that the loads on the roof will be minimal.
- Inclined truss structure. It differs from the first in that it uses additional supporting elements that support the rafter legs. That is, it turns out that the rafters not only rest on the walls of the house, but are also additionally supported by racks. Therefore, the design is more stable compared to the first option. Of course, this increases the consumption of building materials, but such a structure is easier to repair and maintain, it has increased characteristics strength. Therefore, projects of such roofs are becoming increasingly popular today.
How to make a hip roof project for a private house
When starting to build a house, you need to take care of its design. This document is quite serious, it is it that will provide the necessary characteristics of stability and strength roofing system. This is especially true for hip roofs. Therefore, it is best to order a project from a specialist. This is a guarantee, this high quality, but it's a lot of money.
You can do the project yourself, however, you will have to remember the institute course on descriptive geometry if you studied at a technical university. It would be nice to remember the resistance of materials. It will be necessary to make a drawing of the hip roof, ideally if the roof is drawn in several projections. Even better if you can create a 3D format. Let's face it, it's not that simple.
The third option is to use a special computer program, which today can be downloaded from almost any construction site dedicated to roofs. It’s easy to understand, and the developers give you the opportunity to try using the program several times for free. By using multiple programs, you can increase the number of times you try to make a DIY project.
If you decide to design the roof of your house yourself, then you must take into account some very important nuances.
Calculation of hip roofs of houses
The design of hip roofs of houses must be carried out taking into account certain calculations. Usually the amount of lumber is calculated: rafter legs, sheathing, support posts, and so on, roofing material, hydro- and vapor barrier, as well as a thermal insulation layer.
As for all materials, excluding wooden products, then their calculation is based on the area of the slopes of the houses. And since this is a triangle and a trapezoid, look at the photo below, where the formulas of these figures are described.
Therefore, it will not be difficult to calculate all this yourself. As for lumber, you will have to take into account the features of a hip roof. Namely: the angle of inclination of the slopes, the area of the building itself (this especially applies to the width and length of the building). That is, the smaller the width of one-story or two-story buildings, the smaller the triangular slope of the roofs of the houses. And as projects for hip roofs of houses show, it is the triangular slope that requires the least consumption of materials.
Conclusion on the topic
Hip roof design modern houses- This is an important component of a well-built house. It is a correctly completed project that makes it possible not only to be confident in the quality and reliability of the structure, but also to save money on the purchase of building materials and the labor time that a contractor will spend on building a house. And if you assemble the roof of the house yourself, so to speak, with your own hands, then its design will make the work you do simplified. The project is not difficult to understand, the main thing is to understand the dimensional parameters of the structure and take into account the types of building materials used.