Pretreatment before painting. Is it possible to apply a primer to the paint: repair rules Should the walls be primed before painting

Primers are designed to increase the adhesion (adhesion) of the decorative finish to the surface for more durable fastening. In addition, priming reduces the absorbency of the wall, which reduces paint consumption. Further in the article are examples of the phased work on the priming of different surfaces.

Priming walls before painting

The process of applying a primer precedes painting and is an important preparatory step for wall decoration.

The solution is designed to protect, strengthen and level the surface, as well as improve the subsequent adhesion of finishing materials.

In addition, a special primer mixture can provide protection against mold or mildew.

What is a primer

Primer - the process of applying a special composition to the walls, performed before the start of finishing work. Priming walls for painting, wallpaper, decorative plaster, ceramic tiles.

Do I need to prime before painting?

The primer can be carried out with various compositions: paint, ready-made primer or concentrate, which is diluted according to the instructions. Also, the solutions are marked with respect to the surface to which they will be applied (wood, metal, plaster).

water emulsion

Water emulsion is not the cheapest finishing material, so pre-priming the walls will significantly save on paint consumption.

The primer applied under the water-based paint reduces the hygroscopicity of the base, which leads to a more uniform distribution of the paint on the surface, increased coating strength, and increased wear time.

The primer for the water-based emulsion is applied with a brush, preferably in one layer, which should ideally cover all the irregularities of the wall, but at the same time not form uneven accumulations of soil. After complete drying of the primer composition, which takes 5-7 hours, water-based paint is applied in two layers.

silicate

Silicate paints are sold in dry form, for coloring the mixture must be diluted with water and used as soon as possible until the paint has lost its properties. Therefore, a silicate-based pre-primer is of great importance for the speed and quality of painting.

Special primers reduce the toxicity of the alkali contained in silicate paints and strengthen mineral surfaces to extend the life of the paint up to 10-15 years.

Acrylic

Priming before acrylic painting has an important feature: the composition must be applied to highly abrasive surfaces, it will gradually slip from smooth surfaces even with paint.

Therefore, before applying the primer, the surface of the wall must be treated with a stiff brush or coarse sandpaper in order to artificially create grooves and roughness.

In turn, the primer perfectly fixes the coating particles, leveling the adhesion and absorbency of the wall, which allows the acrylic paint to lay down in a uniform and durable layer.

Oily

Oil paint is one of the most highly adhesive, even without a primer coat. Priming increases the strength of the oil coating, making it smoother and less porous. However, often oil paint applied without a primer itself acts as an unsurpassed material for finishing work, as it adheres well to the surface.

What to prime: popular options for primers for different surfaces

Priming compositions differ in the type of surface for which they are intended:

For wood and metal. Alkyd and aluminum primers are used, which have anti-corrosion properties and provide strong adhesion of the finish to the base.
For concrete. Epoxy primers are best suited, resistant to cracks and chips due to their high resin content. Used for subsequent painting, laying tiles, linoleum flooring.
For brick. It is worth choosing a silicate primer, as it is the most resistant to natural influences and is suitable for processing facades, balconies or bathrooms.
For polyvinyl acetate paint. The primer of the same name has a narrow specialization, allowing the paint to dry faster and better adhere to the surface.

How to prime

The priming process can be divided into preparatory and main stages:

When preparing, it is necessary to grind the surface, remove dust, dirt, mold from it. If necessary, dictated by the instructions for the primer composition, the wall must be degreased: for this, acetone or similar solvents are used. During preparatory work, it is important to observe the correct ventilation of the room and the temperature regime within 5-25 ° C.
The main stage of priming is to dilute the required amount of the composition and apply it to the walls.

How many times

The primer is usually applied in two layers, the first of which is thicker, and the second is necessary to better strengthen the surface. It is important to dry each layer of primer for the time recommended on the package (usually several hours).

How to prime

Depending on the porosity of the wall, it can be primed with a brush or roller.

Each method has its own advantages.

The brush allows you to work through non-plastered surfaces, while the roller gives a uniform, streak-free layer, which consumes less soil.

How long can you paint

The minimum drying time for the primer must be found in the instructions for the specific composition, it usually ranges from 4 hours.

If the repair work allows, then it will not be superfluous to let the primer soak during the day.

In addition, if the primer composition was applied to plaster or putty, then subsequent painting should be carried out only after all layers of the finish have completely dried.

Is it possible to paint without a primer

When can

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The basis of the qualitative result of finishing work is the use of funds from one manufacturer. This helps to avoid unpredictable chemical reactions of different compositions. In addition, the product lines of one company are designed for cumulative use, which allows you to get the planned shade and structure of the coating.

It is obligatory to observe the principle of a stronger base in relation to the applied paint coating. This means that the primer layer should take over the functions of leveling and adhesion to the wall, and the selected paint will only have a decorative function.

Often, beginners who cannot determine whether a primer is needed in principle turn to professional help. To identify the need to use primers, professionals conduct a very simple test - you need to rub the wall with your finger: if a trace remains, then you cannot do without a primer before painting.

Priming any surface before painting is a stage that facilitates the progress of further finishing work. Modern primer compositions are able to strengthen the wall, protect it from destruction, cracks, chips, rust. After applying the primer, the paint layer is much better distributed, which reduces the consumption of the paint coating.

Useful video

Do I need to prime the walls before painting - the answers of professional painters

The list of specific building materials includes a primer. Its main purpose is to increase the adhesion of the coloring matter to the plastered surface. That is why priming work is considered a prerequisite for a quality repair. The main thing is to correctly choose the type of primer and apply it in the right sequence.

Whether to prime the walls before painting or not depends on the type of coating. Although, according to painters, the primer cannot harm any finishing layer. It contains components that provide adhesion to the wall to be treated, protect it from the formation of fungi and corrosion. The primer differs from the paint also in the minimum content of the coloring pigment.

The primer improves the adhesion of the paint to the surface.

During the repair process, the paint is applied to the following types of coatings:

Plaster is usually a lime, gypsum or cement mortar with sand. If the finishing layer is made with high quality, then it will look perfect after painting.
Putty - a plastic mass, used as a cosmetic finish, with its help mask the defects of the plastered planes.
Drywall - with the use of this material, finishing is performed in different rooms. At the same time, in rooms with high humidity (kitchen, bathroom), the simplest and most reliable way of decorating is painting.
Old wallpaper - the process of applying a coloring matter over the wallpaper allows you to hide the cracks that have formed in the rough plaster.

Now about whether it is necessary to apply a primer to the listed surfaces. Despite the fact that the water-dispersion paint fits perfectly on the plaster or putty layer, they are still necessarily treated with an adhesive composition. Several factors explain this need:

1. The primer contains polymers that contribute to the hardening of the finishing layer, exclude its cracking and shedding.
2. Plaster, like putty, is too porous material, they, like a sponge, are able to absorb a lot of liquid, which means that the consumption of the coloring matter when processing such an unprimed wall increases.

Some craftsmen, in order not to prime the putty before painting, pass over it with a water-dispersion coloring composition, having previously diluted it with more water. This approach is acceptable, but not profitable in terms of economy, because the primer is much cheaper than paint. Priming before painting drywall surfaces is also performed in order to reduce paint consumption and increase the moisture resistance of the finished surface. It should be noted that drywall walls must be primed twice. The first time - immediately after the installation of the panels, the second - after the puttying work.

Now, with regard to the need to apply a primer over old wallpaper, in order to prepare them for painting with water-based paint. In this case, by priming, it is possible to impregnate not only the paper, but also the base to which it is glued. As a result, after the primer dries, a solid monolithic layer is formed, which, after painting, does not peel off even with fluctuations in humidity and temperature changes in the room.

Do I need to prime the walls before painting: do I need a primer

The primer is a preparatory coating before painting the walls. After priming, the paint lays on the surface better, resulting in a perfectly even coating. However, some do not use primer, but immediately proceed to painting. Let's find out how much the primer of the walls is really necessary before painting, whether it can be abandoned and how to prime the surface in accordance with all the rules.

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Advantages of priming walls before painting

Do I need to prime the walls before painting and can I do without it? The thing is that it is possible, in general, to get by, but it is highly undesirable. Getting to know the properties of a primer and the effect it can achieve will help you understand why prime your walls before applying paint.

The primer strengthens the surface, penetrating deep into its structure.
Levels the base, fills in small cracks and pores that exist on the surface, thereby reducing paint consumption during the painting process.
By priming the wall, you seem to cover it with a thin film, on which the paint fits well, leaving no stains or streaks. If the primer lay down in a thin, even layer, then the paint will also lie well.
Primers come in a variety of colors, you can choose a primer to match the color of the paint to make it brighter.
For a damp room, such as a bathroom, you can purchase an antiseptic primer. It protects the walls from the formation of mold and mildew. After priming, the painted surface will be reliably protected from these troubles.
Without pre-coating, the paint can crack, and if you want to repaint it, then in the process it will lag behind the putty.

Primer types

There are several types of primers that are designed for different types of surfaces:

Alkyd - for wood and metal. First of all, it is used for metal structures, as it has anti-corrosion properties. On wood and chipboard, this primer creates a protective layer that prevents the destruction of the material.
Acrylic - universal, suitable for all surfaces. It penetrates into the pores of any material: wood, plaster, putty, concrete, metal. Strengthens the base and protects it from moisture.
Epoxy - for concrete walls. Its base is epoxy resin, which increases the strength of the coating. It is used as a base for painting, linoleum coating, gluing ceramic tiles. Durable, it will not crack over time.
Aluminum - for wood and metal surfaces. Contains aluminum powder, which ensures reliable adhesion of the paintwork material to the base.
Silicate - for brick or decorative plaster. Most often it is used for processing facades. Resistant to temperature extremes, durable, moisture resistant. The places of its possible use in the apartment are the bathroom and the balcony or loggia.
Polyvinyl acetate - used for special types of paint. It is applied to the surface, which is then painted with polyvinyl acetate paint. It has good adhesion to different surfaces, dries very quickly.

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The primer must be selected based on the type of surface, area and manufacturer. If you need to cover a small area, then you can buy an aerosol can, it is more convenient to use.

It is worth buying funds for repairs in a hardware store, after consulting with a qualified seller. A well-known manufacturer is an additional plus, it can guarantee a good result. Before buying, check the expiration date and the appearance of the package.

Primer base

Most often, the walls are leveled with putty. Some believe that it can not be primed, because the putty surface is already a good preparatory layer for paint. But he has drawbacks: he can crumble, besides, he absorbs too much coloring composition. The primer will strengthen the base and save paint.

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Wallpapers for painting do not require priming, as they are designed to apply a coloring agent.

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Walls must be primed before wallpapering. The soil will provide a reliable connection of this layer with the walls.

Drywall should be primed in two stages. First, you need to cover the sheets immediately after installation. Secondly, the final finish with putty is also covered with primer.

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Many people wonder if each coat of paint needs to be primed. If you are painting a wall over an old layer, then the primer must be used with different paint colors. It creates a barrier between two layers of paint so that the top layer does not show through.

How to prime a wall?

Priming technology is different for different types of soil. If you decide to apply it to the walls or ceiling, read the coating instructions for the type of primer you have chosen.

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Remember that before applying water-based paint, it is necessary to prime the walls.

Protective mask and gloves.
Roller or brush.
Pallet.
Degreaser.

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Put on safety goggles and gloves.
Provide fresh air to the room. In this case, the temperature should be within 5-25 degrees above zero.
Sand the putty with sandpaper.
Remove dust with a brush or cloth. Fungus and mold must be removed with a metal brush.
Degrease the surface with white spirit or acetone.

Pour a small amount of primer into the tray.
Apply one coat to the wall with a roller or brush.
Roll out the primer coat well on the wall so that there are no puddles and smudges.
Wait until it dries completely, it can take from 4 hours to 1 day.
Apply water emulsion in two layers.

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A primer is a necessary step before painting any thing or walls in an apartment. It strengthens the surface, protects it from destruction, rust, cracks. After this procedure, the paint lays down better, and less is required.

Primer walls for painting: all about the choice of material and its correct application

All about priming walls

At the end of the repair, I want its result to be preserved for a long time. But, unfortunately, this is not always the case. Neglect of the technology of work leads to the fact that after a short time the painted walls begin to crack, the coating peels off and falls off. To prevent this from happening, you need a competent primer of the walls before painting. Let's figure out how to do it right.

Should walls be primed before painting?

Novice finishers do not always understand why preparatory work is being carried out. It seems to them that the most important thing is to level the base, then you can safely paint. In fact, this is not entirely true. Indeed, before painting it is very important to level the coating. There should be no drops, cracks or other flaws. Therefore, the first step of competent preparation is alignment. It can be done in many ways: drywall, plaster, etc.

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%0A

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Soil types

The range of primers for walls for painting is diverse. According to the type of basis, they can all be divided into several groups:

Acrylic. Versatile, good for wood, concrete, chipboard, plaster, drywall, etc. Can be used on porous coatings, dries in about 5 hours, odorless. Does not apply to metals.
Glyphthalic. Scope - metal and wood. It dries for about a day, loses its properties in conditions of high humidity.
Alkyd. A good option for any wood. After processing, the fibers swell slightly, which significantly improves adhesion. Dries about 15 hours.
Perchlorovinyl. A universal preparation that is used for plasters, metal, plywood, wood, etc. It dries quickly, it takes about an hour. It is better to choose it for outdoor work due to its high toxicity.
Epoxy. A two-component agent that significantly increases the adhesion of the base. Used for metal and concrete.
Mineral with gypsum, cement or lime. Used for concrete or brick. Dries from three hours to a day.
Aluminum. Used for wood. Additionally, it protects it from fungal infection.

The best and most popular option can be considered universal primers that are suitable for almost any material. They improve the adhesion of the substrate and strengthen it, but do not have special characteristics. However, in most cases the latter is not required.

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%0A

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%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1 %8F%20%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD %D0%B0%D1%8F.%20%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D1%81% D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D1%81%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0% B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0% B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC.%20%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D1%83%D0 %B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%B8 %D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B9%20%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4 %D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81 %D1%82%D0%B8.

%0A

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How long does the primer dry before painting

This is a very important point that affects the quality and speed of repair work. The manufacturer always informs about the drying time of the solution. However, this is an approximate value, and almost always not a specific number is indicated, but the time period during which the composition should be expected to solidify. This is because the speed of curing of the agent is influenced by various factors:

Humidity and indoor temperature. 60-80% humidity and + 15-20 C are considered optimal. In any case, you can not ventilate the room while the soil dries. This must be done before application. If this rule is not followed, there is a high probability of cracks.
Quality and type of base. Porous and dry surfaces dry noticeably faster. If for some reason it is required to speed up the drying process of the primer, the base should be degreased before applying it.
The composition of the drug. Products with easily volatile solvents and those where solid inclusions are added quickly harden.
Number and thickness of applied layers. With each subsequent increase in the drying time of the wall.

It is impossible to say exactly how long the primer dries before painting. This must be determined visually. You should wait for the time recommended by the manufacturer, and then touch the primer with your hand. If moisture is felt, staining will have to be postponed.

%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82 %D1%8C%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%20%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1 %81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0

%0A

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Primer application technology

Before starting work, prepare the tools. Minimum set:

foam rubber or velor roller;
brush for hard-to-reach places;
paint bath for solution;
rags for cleaning.

Priming is carried out on an already prepared surface. It must be leveled and well cleaned of dust. If the base is porous, for example, finishing putty or plaster, no additional preparation is required. Smooth surfaces, such as fiberboard, should preferably be sanded with fine-grained sandpaper. This will improve the adhesion of the material. The skin is fixed on a paint grater, this greatly facilitates the work.

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The primer for wood for painting is applied a little differently. The process of preparing for its application begins with the processing of knots, especially if the wood is fresh. The spatula removes the resin protruding above the knots. When it reappears, we take a thermal gun and heat up the fragment, while collecting the outflowing resin. Then we grind the base with sandpaper. After we collect all the fine dust with a rag soaked in the solvent.

We treat all areas with knots with a special insulating agent or shellac. This will prevent possible resin leakage. Now you need to make sure that there are no greasy stains or resin residues on the base. When detected, we remove them with extraction gasoline or a nitro solvent. After that, you can start priming. It will be correct to apply the composition to the wall with a brush. Processing of wooden ceilings is carried out in a similar way.

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Many owners of private houses and apartments do the finishing of internal and external walls on their own with their own hands without the help of specialists. Beginners often cannot determine whether walls need to be primed before painting with water-based paint.

The primer will help prepare the surface of the wall for painting.

What is a primer

A primer is a special composition that is applied as an initial layer on a surface prepared for painting to increase the adhesive properties of a decorative finish with a base coat.

As a result of processing, a reliable and durable basis for applying paint is obtained. Soils do not have decorative properties, but can be tinted to simplify cladding.

The range of soil materials in the repair and construction field is wide, their composition is different.

Most soils are made from the following elements:

Primer packaging example

Oils.
adhesive component.
Pigments (iron or lead red lead, zinc crown).
Fillers (chalk, talc, mica).
Bitumov.
Film-forming substances (linseed oil, resins).
Drying accelerators (added to some types).
Target additives.

Depending on the composition and purpose of the primer, there are the following types:

Acrylic. Universal tool is suitable for all bases - wooden, concrete, foam concrete, chipboard, brick. It is used for glass walls, old and fresh plaster, but metal surfaces are not treated with it. The primer is odorless, dries quickly, 2-3 hours is enough to get a good result. The constituent components are acrylic polymers. If there is an aqueous dispersion in the composition, the primer is purchased for painting with a water-based emulsion.
Alkyd. They are made on the basis of chromate and zinc phosphate with the addition of anti-corrosion fillers, so the primer is often used for processing wood, tiles, fiberglass, and metal. Not suitable for plasterboard and plaster walls. Drying time is 12-16 hours.
Mineral. Contain gypsum, cement or lime. The soil is used for processing concrete and brick walls. The drying time depends on the thickness of the applied layer and the characteristics of the base coat, and ranges from 2 to 24 hours.
Quartz. The water-dispersion base is supplemented with fine crystalline sand. The material is non-toxic, has no solvents, dries slowly. After drying, the sand crumbles from the treated surface. The primer is not applied to metal or plastic bases, as well as walls that are constantly exposed to direct sunlight. The main advantage is the increased ability to grip. The composition is well suited for facade processing, the formation of a translucent layer on the coating, the processing of monolithic concrete walls.

The process of applying a primer to the wall

Do I need to prime before painting with a water-based emulsion

Surfaces must be treated with primer before painting with water-based paint.

This is due to such factors:

The primer is able to protect concrete, wooden walls and gypsum boards for finishing from the occurrence of mold, rot, fungus, rust, because it contains special anti-corrosion and anti-fungal additives.
In the presence of small porous structures, irregularities and defects, soil particles penetrate inside, fill the space, sticking together, thereby leveling the surface to be painted.
When applying the starting layer, a thin, durable film is formed that strengthens the painted coating, protects it from destruction and is able to evenly absorb incoming moisture. The paint in the process of work will be applied in even layers, without streaks, streaks and stains.
The composition of the primer includes polymers. They provide good adhesion of the soil layer to the surface, exclude its cracking and shedding.

If the surface is not treated with a primer, the following problems are possible:

After painting, water-based enamel will begin to lag behind the final layer of putty, the areas will have to be puttyed again and dried.
The painted surface cracks and crumbles.
It takes a lot of paint to process.

Preparing to paint the walls

Water-based paint is not considered the cheapest wall finish, so a primer will save money.

The primer layer reduces the hygroscopicity of the surface and leads to a uniform distribution of the paint, increased wear resistance and increased service life.

Instructions on how to prepare a wall for painting with water-based paint:

A plastic film is spread on the floor, sockets and switches are de-energized to avoid a short circuit if paint or moisture gets in, furniture is set aside, and protective clothing is put on.
Before applying the primer, the wall is cleaned of old wallpaper, putty, ceramic tiles, whitewash and other finishing materials. In this case, the necessary tools are used, for example, a spatula, a spray bottle with warm water, scrapers or a chisel. Some finishes will require plenty of moisture to remove, a heavy-haired roller or foam pad may be suitable for this purpose.
Close up damage on the wall. If the crack penetrates deep into the surface, it is expanded and deepened. This is done so that the repair mortar can penetrate the space and tighten the edges. The defect is cleaned of cement or sand chips, dust and impregnated with soil. The crack is sealed with cement mortar, a mixture of gypsum, polymer sealant or mounting expansion foam.
The wall is checked for spatial deviations and irregularities using a building level and a plumb line. Tools are applied to the surface and differences are determined. If irregularities exceeding 5 mm are detected, the wall is completely leveled. Differences of 2-3 mm can be corrected by applying a thin layer of plaster or putty.
Dust is removed from the wall with a brush, the base is degreased. White spirit or acetone will do.
The primer for water-based paint is applied with a brush or roller in 1 even layer.
After treatment, the wall is dried naturally for 4-7 hours.

The final stage is the application of water-based paint in 2 layers.

It seems extremely simple and understandable. However, upon closer examination, it turns out that it has some nuances that cause a number of questions for novice masters, including those related to the application of a primer.

Surface types

So, before answering the main question of the article, you need to figure out what types of surfaces are generally to be painted.

As a rule, when performing repairs, the following types of coatings are painted:

plaster - if the roughing of the wall is done with high quality, that is, it does not have pronounced deviations from the horizontal or height differences, then painting is the simplest type of processing;

paintable wallpaper is a great way to mask minor roughing defects, for example, they can hide cracks and small bumps;

drywall - is the main material when making suspended ceilings, so in this case the paint will not only give the structure a certain color, but also protect the drywall from changes in the level of humidity in the room;

Often paint is applied to a previously painted surface, despite the fact that this is incorrect, but such treatment is also practiced.

Now let's take a closer look at the features of these coatings and see if you need primer before painting walls or ceilings.

Plaster

The coating, like most putties, is well hydrated. Therefore, water-dispersion paints, which are most often used for processing, lie on it in an even layer.

Based on this, one might think that a primer for a ceiling for painting with water-based paint is not needed in this case.

The polymer elements of the composition will strengthen the ceiling finish, so that the coating will not crumble and crumble;

Plaster is a very porous material that can absorb a large amount of liquid, including paint, and therefore the primer will significantly reduce the consumption of the coloring composition.

Most often, craftsmen practice the use of water-dispersion paint diluted with water as a primer.

On the one hand, such a solution is quite acceptable, however, it is unprofitable from an economic point of view. The fact is that the price of a primer, which has the same properties as paint, is much lower.

Wallpaper

Structural wallpaper intended for painting is a ready-made solution, so a primer is not used in this case. It's not that it's completely banned, it's just that it's not needed.

But, Before pasting wallpaper, the surface of the walls is primed without fail, since this material is heavy and requires the most solid foundation. In addition, thanks to this treatment, the adhesion between the wallpaper and the rough finish is improved.

Rarely enough, but still practiced applying paint over paper wallpaper. In this case, a primer is necessary. By impregnating the paper and the base under it, it forms a monolithic, durable surface that will not peel off when the humidity level fluctuates in the room or temperature changes.

Drywall

Drywall primer has the same goals as in the case of plaster, namely:

Surface hardening;

Reducing paint consumption.

It must be said that drywall is primed in two stages:

After mounting the sheets;

After processing with finishing putty.

Accordingly, if the ceiling is completely putty, then the solution also covers its entire area.

Dye

Painting a ceiling over old paint can be divided into two different cases:

Water-based paint is applied over the old layers of "water-based";

The ceiling is covered with oil paint or nitro enamel.

In the first case, a primer should only be used if the old coating differs in color from the new one. The composition will act as a barrier between paints, preventing color from showing through.

Otherwise, you must do the following yourself:

First you need to sand the surface so that it becomes rough;

Then apply a coat of primer.

In principle, you can do without it, but in this case, the ceiling will quickly lose its original appearance.

Attention!

When applying water-dispersion paint to other types of paint, it is best to use the Betonokontakt primer. With its help, you can even prepare tiles for painting.

How to apply primer

Now let's take a closer look, how to prime ceiling or walls before painting. It should be said right away that a universal polymer primer is usually used for these purposes. It does the job perfectly and can be applied to almost any surface.

In addition to the primer, to perform this operation, you will also need a wide roller with a handle and a pallet for it.

Instructions for performing work on priming.

1. First of all, the solution should be poured into the roller tray, which will facilitate further work.

2. Then the roller is immersed in a pallet, after which it is rolled over a special platform in a container so that excess solution drains.

3. After that, the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe ceiling or walls is processed with a roller. The composition is applied in a uniform layer, without streaks and accumulations of liquid in certain areas. In hard-to-reach places, surface treatment can be done with a brush.

4. Then, after the surface has dried, which can take from several hours to a day, the operation is repeated again.

Attention!

Before priming the walls before painting, they should be carefully prepared - remove all dirt, dust, oil stains and other contaminants that impair adhesion.

If the base is affected by mold or fungus, then the surface must be cleaned with a metal brush.

This completes the priming process, now it remains to wait for drying, after which you can begin to apply paint.

Output

As we found out, the need for a primer largely depends on the type of wall or ceiling coating.

The only thing that can be said with certainty is that in all cases, regardless of the type of coating, the primer composition will not hurt.

You can paint a car without a primer, but nothing good will come of it. The adhesive (ensuring adhesion) properties of such a compound leave much to be desired: the coating will quickly peel off. Then the body will rust, and it will have to be painted again - already with a primer. It is applied in one or two layers. With a two-layer version, the first coating is anti-corrosion, the second is adhesive.

Is it always good to save

It has long been known that paint does not adhere to ferrous metal. Cunning technologists have come up with a way to deal with the problem. A primer layer is applied between the paint and the car body. This intermediate layer provides the strength of the connection. On the one hand, the primer adheres tightly to the metal of the car, on the other hand, it adheres perfectly to the paint.

Ensuring the adhesion of the paint layer to the body is not the only function of the primer. Many of its types perfectly protect the car from corrosion, excluding the penetration of moisture. Even if a crack or chip appears on the top paintwork, the primer will prevent the body from rusting.

A primer layer should be applied not only when painting pure ferrous metal, but also after repair work on a puttied surface. Putty, like pure metal of the body, does not fit with car paint.

The only case when you can not primer before painting - work on a relatively new car on the native coating to change the color. This approach is applicable to vehicles under the age of 1 year. In this case, it is enough to “roughen” the coating, that is, to process it with sandpaper of medium size. A rough, roughened surface will ensure good adhesion of the new paintwork to the old one.

Types of primers for cars, their pros and cons

At car factories, after welding the body from stamped parts, priming takes place in 7 stages, including phosphating, high-temperature drying, etc. During repair work, motorists do not use such complex industrial technologies on their own. The maximum that is available: warm up the applied coating with a hairdryer. Ordinary household, not professional.

The primers used in do-it-yourself repairs are as follows in composition.

Primers are primary and secondary. Primary ones are applied directly to ferrous metal. This is an anti-corrosion primer, it protects it from rust. The disadvantage is the low adhesion. Therefore, to increase adhesion, a layer of secondary primer is applied over the primary - adhesive. The combination of two layers provides anti-corrosion protection and good adhesion. A two-layer application of a primer is more complicated in technology than a single layer, and more expensive.

According to the material of the primer are divided into:

acrylic coating;
epoxy;
acid.

Acrylic - the most common type of soil. It is used both for metal, including galvanized, and for work on plastic and putty. This universal primer is widely used in body repair work. It belongs to the category of two-component. Prepare it no more than an hour before application. Complete drying has to wait from 3 to 8 hours.

Epoxy two-component primer is famous for its high degree of anti-corrosion protection of the machine. It is applied in order to prepare the surface for painting. It improves adhesion and fills in the micro-roughness of the upper layer of the body and body parts. Unfortunately, epoxy takes a long time to dry. Full drying will have to wait more than 12 hours. And to speed up the drying process, you can not use a heat chamber: at elevated temperatures, the epoxy can bubble and peel off.

Acid mixtures are applied in a very thin layer. They provide chemical protection against moisture and aggressive reagents. They are used as a primary primer.

Acid mixes require another coat to ensure proper adhesion. In this case, epoxy cannot be used as a secondary layer. These two types of materials react and do not provide the integrity of the ground "layer cake".

Do-it-yourself step-by-step instructions for priming

When processing the car after body repair, adhere to the following work order.

Selection of necessary tools and protective clothing.
Surface preparation.
Applying layers of primer.
Drying.
Sanding before painting.

Step 1. The set of tools required for applying the primer depends on the chosen technology. When it comes to minor body repairs, choose the aerosol package option. In this case, the primer does not require additional devices and is carried out directly through the pressure head of the can.

If it is a larger repair, with a significant area of putty, use a paint sprayer. When priming body parts such as a fender or hood, use a spray gun with a nozzle diameter of 1.3–1.4 mm. Take a tool with a tank top and a paint trap. Such a sprayer requires a medium-capacity compressor at a pressure of 2.0–2.2 bar.

When using the spray gun, wear protective goggles, a respirator, a suit and gloves. Also don't forget masking tape and paper to protect parts of the car that shouldn't be painted. Prepare, if necessary, a grinder. Stock up on consumables: thinner, wipes, sanding mesh.

Step 2. Preparing the front of work for applying the primer involves sanding the leveled putty surface with medium grit sandpaper. It can be processed manually or with a grinder. Achieve an even, smooth, beautiful surface. After sanding, degrease by soaking a piece of cloth in solvent. Immediately after completing this step, thoroughly wipe the work area with a dry, clean cloth.

Steps 3 and 4 Applying coats of primer is a less demanding operation than the final painting of a car with automotive enamel. Primer is less prone to sagging than enamel. Primer in accordance with the chosen technology in thin layers, allowing to dry after each application, 3-4 layers of each primer. It is good to additionally dry them with a hairdryer. Do not overheat, it may swell.

Step 5. Grind, removing particles with a vacuum cleaner through a die with a grid fixed on it. This minimizes the amount of dust, and you can do without a respirator. Work with a medium-sized sanding mesh. Control the finished surface tactilely by running your hand over it. After sanding, degrease the work area again before painting.

From the point of view of the final result, the process of applying the primer is simple and not demanding in terms of technology. The motorist, if desired, will cope with the primer on their own. The quality of work depends, first of all, on the materials used. Avoid fakes: buy goods only from trusted suppliers and choose well-known, well-established brands.

What types of surfaces are to be processed

Before painting or not - it depends on the type of coating. Although, according to painters, the primer cannot harm any finishing layer. It contains components that provide adhesion to the wall to be treated, protect it from the formation of fungi and corrosion. The primer differs from the paint also in the minimum content of the coloring pigment.

During the repair process, the paint is applied to the following types of coatings:

Plaster is usually a lime, gypsum or cement mortar with sand. If the finishing layer is made with high quality, then it will look perfect after painting.
Putty - a plastic mass, used as a cosmetic finish, with its help mask the defects of the plastered planes.
Drywall - with the use of this material, finishing is performed in different rooms. At the same time, in rooms with high humidity (kitchen, bathroom), the simplest and most reliable way of decorating is painting.
- the process of applying a coloring matter over the wallpaper allows you to hide the cracks formed in the rough plaster.

1. The primer contains polymers that contribute to the hardening of the finishing layer, exclude its cracking and shedding.
2. Plaster, like putty, is too porous material, they, like a sponge, are able to absorb a lot of liquid, which means that the consumption of the coloring matter when processing such an unprimed wall increases.

Why prime an already painted surface?

On a previously painted surface, you can also walk with paint, although this is wrong, nevertheless, such processing is practiced. In this case, the priming of the walls before painting is carried out if it is planned to apply paint over the old water-based emulsion layer, but of a different color. The primer will not allow the old shade to show through the new layer. We can say that the adhesive composition will act as a barrier.

If you are going to paint a wall previously treated with nitrocellulose enamel or oil paint, then you first need to roughen the surfaces, and then apply the adhesive composition. Without a sanding process, the painted surface will not last long, because the roughness improves the adhesion of the applied material. If a primer for water-based paint is applied to a surface painted with other types of paints, then it is best to use a composition called Betonokontakt.

Above, we talked about penetrating primers, which are used to seal a porous or loose plaster layer. Betonokontakt it is an adhesive substance, the constituent of which is an acrylic binder. Cement, quartz sand and other components are also used as fillers in the composition, which help to increase the adhesion of plaster, putty or adhesive substances with concrete and other smooth and poorly absorbent surfaces.

As mentioned above, the priming of the walls for painting is carried out not only to seal the rough finish of the base, but also in order to save the coloring matter. Although some inexperienced craftsmen who are trying to save the budget for wall repairs due to the primer, on the contrary, there is an overrun. This factor is explained simply, for repairs, an expensive primer is purchased, the properties of which are not needed at all for a certain job. For example, if the walls of a dry room are to be painted, in which there is always a normal level of humidity, then you should not buy a composition containing components against the formation of fungi and mold. A sales assistant in a store can help you choose a primer composition.

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