Sweet cherry is one of the first berries that appear on the shelves in summer and delight us with a juicy sweet taste. Imported cherries are expensive. If possible, it is better to plant a tree on your personal plot and rejoice in the harvest. It is important to pay attention to some points. Cherries require planting in early spring, it is better to purchase a seedling in large garden centers or nurseries. The place must be chosen carefully in order to ensure full growth of the cherry and the ability to bear fruit for many years.
Landing area preparation
How to plant cherries in the spring? First you need to do the preparation of the soil... The soil should be fertile and breathable, easily absorb and retain moisture. It is good if the soil on your site is medium loamy or sandy loam. Sweet cherry is demanding on moisture, but at the same time it does not tolerate stagnant water at the roots. For the same reason, you cannot plant it where groundwater lie close to the surface.
Since cherries are cross-pollinated, you need to plant several seedlings at once different varieties ... Cherry is perfect for pollination, because it blooms at the same time. Experts consider sweet cherries to be a demanding crop for agricultural technology. Therefore, when planting, you must strictly follow all the recommendations - this is the key to successful fruiting in the future.
Regardless of the composition of the soil, the soil in the planting pit is additionally fertilized. To do this, use:
- mineral phosphorus-potash fertilizers;
- organic matter in the form of humus or compost;
- lime (applied in an amount of 0.5 kg / m2 on light soils and up to 1 kg / m2 on heavy soils).
If the soil is chernozem, the content of potassium and applied organic matter is halved, and the content of phosphorus is increased to 25 g / m2. A solution is made from mineral fertilizers; in dry form, they will not give the desired effect. Before planting, the land must be fallow for a year., without use.
Before planting seedlings, the soil is dug up and all weeds are removed. In the future, the width of the trunk circle is increased every year, bringing it to 1.5 m. Weeding must be done and mulch covered.
Instructions on how to plant cherries correctly in spring should start with a description of the preparation of the planting pit. It will be correct to prepare the place where you will plant cherries in advance. This is done 3-4 months before the purchase of seedlings. The depth of the pit should be about 60 cm, and the width should be 80 cm. Then 2 buckets of humus are poured into it, mixed with a part of the earth and so left in the winter.
Immediately before planting, 1 kg of ash or 0.4 kg of superphosphate and 0.1 kg of sodium sulfate are introduced into the pit, mix thoroughly. The dose of dressings should not be exceeded, everything is fine in moderation. An excess of fertilizers will provoke a strong vegetation, the shoots may simply not have time to ripen before frost.
Preparing and planting a seedling
Saplings on sale are one and two years old. Most summer residents prefer to plant annual trees. It is better to purchase planting material with a closed root system, so it dries less and is damaged. In the fall, planting is not carried out, because the fresh growth will freeze in winter. And for sweet cherries planted in spring, new branches will have time to woody and get stronger.
Seedling care after planting
It is possible to estimate the period after planting a young tree will need fertilization by the number of shoots on the growth. If three or more shoots have grown before the start of fruiting, then you can not feed the cherries yet, and when the growth was weak, nitrogen fertilization is required.
Potassium and phosphorus, laid down during planting, are enough until next year. Organic fertilizers during the growing season are acceptable, but in small quantities. After all, they give the effect in combination with mineral. When introduced, organic matter is not dissolved in water, but is instilled into the topsoil.
Sweet cherries need regular watering... On the eve of winter, it is especially important to saturate the soil with moisture. In the spring, the tree must be watered until the buds swell. The second time, watering is carried out immediately after flowering. Last time the soil is moistened 3 weeks before the fruits ripen.
Starting from the 2nd year after planting, cherries are fertilized 2-3 times a season. For one bucket of slurry dissolved in water, add 1 tbsp. l. mineral fertilizer, mix thoroughly and feed. It is best to fertilize in May and June.... Trees older than three years of age can be fertilized additionally. Nitrogen is no longer added after fruiting. Ash is considered an excellent fertilizer for fruit trees.
Cherry transplant
It is believed that transplanting cherries is undesirable, but sometimes it still needs to be done. Perhaps, initially, an inappropriate place was chosen for her, or a redevelopment of the site was required. Without damage to the tree, this can be done if it is not older than 2 years.... An older seedling has a voluminous root system and it will inevitably be damaged during transplantation.
Like the landing it is better to transplant in the spring... In this case, the planting hole must also be prepared in the fall, as for the first planting, adding organic matter and mineral fertilizers to it. The tree intended for transplantation is dug out with a clod of earth, trying to damage the roots as little as possible. After that, it is slightly dripped in a horizontal position.
Before planting, check the roots and remove any damaged or rotten ones, and then sprinkle with ash. The neck is raised above the landing site by 8 cm, in the future it will settle. If the neck turns out to be buried in the soil, there is a high probability that the cherries will die. After transplanting, the soil is abundantly watered with water with the addition of heteroauxin, which contributes to rooting. You need to use at least 6 buckets of water.
A newly planted tree also requires a garter. For better root survival, it is better to shorten the branches by 1/5 of their length.
For summer residents living in the central zone or closer to the north, it is better to opt for late-flowering or frost-resistant varieties. Then flowering will pass the threat of spring frosts.
To fruit tree actively developed and bore well, they choose for him sunny place, which is not blown by cold northerly winds. A good option there can be a planting of a seedling from the south-west or south side of any structure. Sweet cherry loves fertile light loams, sandy loam soils, and feels absolutely uncomfortable on poor sandstones, heavy peat and clay soils.
You need to plant exclusively zoned seedlings, which are sold in specialized nurseries. In addition, they will definitely tell you how to grow cherries without unnecessary hassle... To improve pollination, experts advise planting two or three trees on the site, but if there is not enough space, growing cherries from your neighbors will save the day.
Basic, beloved by all varieties:
- very early - " Ruby early", Juicy" Skorospelka»;
- early - unsurpassed " Valery Chkalov", Gentle" Backyard" and " Zhabule»;
- medium - " Pink pearl», « Adeline"And dark red" Veda»;
- late - " Leningrad black", sweet " Drogana yellow" and " Bryansk pink».
V middle lane practice spring planting of cherries, as it is a thermophilic breed that can freeze out in the very first winter.
We plant correctly
It is possible to lay a cherry orchard in spring from April to the second decade of May, provided that the seedlings will have unblown leaves. September and October are most favorable for planting in autumn, because a young tree will have time to take root before the onset of frost (applicable only for the southern regions).
We plant a tree:
- Planting holes must be prepared in advance. If you are planting in the spring, cook it in the fall, and for planting in the fall - around August. It is best to make the pits rounded, so the roots will develop well, filling the space evenly. The optimum diameter of the hole is about a meter, the depth is about 80 cm. We put two buckets of good soil and 12 kg of manure, which must be rotted, into the hole. We mix everything thoroughly and leave so that the earth settles and settles;
- At the time of planting, we dig a hole, leaving a small mound in the middle. Drive in a strong stake 5 cm from the center, which will protect the trunk of an immature tree from strong wind and sunburn;
- We examine the root system for damaged roots and cut them to healthy tissue. In addition, do not forget to put the seedling in water a day before planting so that it is well saturated with moisture;
- We put a young tree on a mound and carefully place the roots, while monitoring the position of the root collar, which cannot be buried;
- We tie the seedling to the stake and fill the hole with earth, tamping it with our feet perpendicular to the trunk (heel to the edge of the hole);
- Create a hole around the trunk and pour out 3 buckets of water.
The planted young cherry trees are subsequently watered at least 4 times.
We do the cropping
Young trees grow very intensively, therefore, for the first 6 years, before the leaves bloom, formative pruning is done. The tree needs to be kept within certain limits so that it is convenient to harvest.
The most common crowns of the following types:
- sparse tiered. In total, three tiers are laid, leaving in the lower - 4 skeletal branches (3 is possible), on average after 50 cm - 3 branches, and in the upper, at the same distance - 2 more branches.
- flattened. The pruning principle is based on the compilation of three tiers: in each of them, two branches are placed perpendicular to each other. After laying the last tier above the weak lateral branch, the main conductor is cut off. Subsequently, branches in tiers are cut, adhering to the sparse-tiered principle;
- cupped. Such a crown consists mainly of four or five strong branches, which form a kind of bowl. Due to good illumination, fruit twigs will live for more than ten years.
At the end of the formation for ten years, pruning is done in moderation, removing all broken, unnecessary and growing shoots to the guide. So the time for the first rejuvenating pruning is imperceptible: you need to shorten all two- and three-year branches. Three years later, they make another one, cutting out branches with five- and six-year-old wood. The tree continues to thin out every year between "rejuvenations".
Water and fertilize
In the year of planting, it is very important to destroy the weeds in the near-stem circle of the cherry and then continue to carefully monitor this. The ground around the tree can be mulched to retain moisture as much as possible.
Experts recommend that the first watering should be carried out only after flowering, the next - in mid-June and then in July. Do not watered during the flowering period, the tree can respond by completely dropping the ovary. Moisture-charging watering is carried out in October - up to 100 liters for an adult tree. For good harvests, a tree will need a lot nutrients, which means that you cannot do without top dressing.
Every three years, 8 kg of organic matter per square meter are dug up with the soil according to the projection of the crown. Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in early spring and in July for loosening in liquid or dry form. Phosphoric and potash fertilizers the tree is fed in September so that it has time to prepare for the winter cold. In addition, the cultivation of sweet cherries requires whitewashing of the trunk and skeletal branches in the fall and spring to prevent sunburn and frostbite.
Pests and diseases on our way
We have already figured out how to care for cherries, but how to protect them from feathered raiders is a real problem. Experienced gardeners they take various measures - hang shiny CDs, rustling bags, foil, hang rattles, set up stuffed animals. But quick-witted sparrows quickly learn and again, without fear, are taken to treat themselves to juicy berries. Only covering nets, which are distinguished by their ease and convenience, can really help here.
Aphids and gypsy moths are among the most common pests. The first feeds on the juice of the shoots, the second eats the leaves. Spraying the trees with a solution will help get rid of them. Inta-Vir before or after flowering.
The tolstopod, which lays eggs inside the fruit, can completely destroy the crop. The larvae that emerge eat the berries, which eventually fall off. The situation will be saved by drug treatment Insegar.
The cherry tree is threatened by diseases such as gray rot(moniliosis), perforated spot (clasterosporium), coccomycosis. Treatment and care of cherries in the fall in such cases begins with the removal of damaged berries, leaves and shoots. Treatment with Bordeaux liquid several times in summer and autumn helps to save the crop.
We collect berries
Cherry varieties ripen from the beginning of June to the twentieth of July. It is customary to distinguish between two types of ripeness: technical, when fruits tend to acquire their inherent color and taste, and consumer, when they are the most delicious and juicy. The crop is harvested in dry weather for just a couple of days, otherwise the crop can be lost. The berries are removed from the stalk and immature and diseased specimens are immediately removed. For transportation, the fruits are cut off at the stage of technical ripeness.
Everyone loves sweet cherry, because it contains many valuable elements, including vitamin C, nicotinic acid, carotene. Doctors recommend eating berries for those who have thyroid disease, as it is also rich in iodine. How much delicious blanks you can cook from it - compotes, preserves, jam, juices, can be pickled and used as a side dish for meat dishes... And how tasty frozen berries are in winter: you open a jar, and there ... summer.
In this article, you will learn how to plant cherries correctly to get a good harvest, how to care for the tree, and how to deal with pests.
Many gardeners dream of growing cherries on their site. But this tree is quite whimsical, and often the experiment on growing cherries ends in failure. If you want to enjoy the taste of cherries, you must definitely follow the requirements for planting, caring for, watering this tree. We will tell you about the intricacies and rules with which you can grow cherries and reap a good harvest.
Many are interested in: is it possible to grow a cherry from a stone? Often this idea comes up suddenly, when you bought or were treated to a delicious fleshy cherry.
Important: Sweet cherries can be grown from seeds. It's just not worth waiting for a good harvest. Such a tree will begin to bear fruit at 5 or even 8 years. The berries will be small and sour. In other words, the wild will grow up.
You can grow cherries from a stone for the sake of experiment. Many people like the very process of such growth and the final result of their experience, for the sake of sports interest. You will be surprised, but there is a benefit in raising wild game.
Wild boar is ideal for grafting good varieties cherries. Demanding cherries are susceptible to diseases, depend on the temperature difference, and the wild is unpretentious, grows well and can become a real assistant in the formation of an orchard.
How to germinate cherries from the stone: a step-by-step guide
To grow a cherry from a stone, you will have to act in several stages:
- The choice of material.
- Preparation of material for planting.
- Planting sprouts in pots.
- Planting sprouts in the soil.
Let's take a look at what these steps involve.
Material selection
The cherries that you bought on the market are not suitable for growing from seeds. The fact is that unripe berries are plucked for implementation, the embryo in the seed is not fully formed. Choose only ripe cherries from the tree, you can take fallen fruits. Check that there are no chips on the underwire. If you have collected fruits from different varieties of cherries, sort the seeds into different containers.
Ripe selected cherriesImportant: There should be a lot of seeds. During most of planting material will be eliminated.
Preparing material for planting
- Dry all collected bones. Then wrap them in paper, wrap them with plastic on top. In this form, the seeds should be stored until the end of November in a cool place.
- At the end of November, place the seeds in water for no longer than 3 days.
- After 3 days, place the seeds in wet sand, cover the container with foil and place in a cool place with a temperature not exceeding 2 °.
- Water and air the planting material every day.
- It remains to wait for the sprouts to appear.
Sprouted cherry pits Planting sprouts in pots
Important: Large containers are not suitable for planting seedlings in pots. So decay can occur. You can take many small pots or one long container.
- It is advisable to buy the soil in the store. It contains all the necessary additives for the growth of a tree.
- If you take soil from the garden, you need to heat it. For example, in the microwave or in a water bath.
- A drainage layer (crushed stone, fragments clay products, expanded clay).
- Add charcoal to the soil to loosen the soil.
- Plant the seeds in moist soil to a depth of 2 cm.
- Cover the container with plastic wrap and place in a well-lit place without drafts.
- Ventilate the sprouts every day, keep the soil moist, but do not over-flood.
Planting shoots in open soil occurs in the spring, when the snow has completely melted, before buds appear on the trees.
How cherry grows from a stone When is it better and how to properly plant a cherry seedling in open ground - in spring or autumn: tips and tricks
Important: The season for planting cherries depends on climatic conditions... Those who live in the south can plant cherries in the fall. The northern regions with their cold climate will not allow autumn seedlings to take root in winter; it is appropriate to plant seedlings here in spring.
Sweet cherry differs from its closest relative cherry in less winter hardiness. This is a thermophilic plant. Not always the harsh climate will allow young seedlings to overwinter.
In the south of Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, there is a chance that the plants planted in the fall will take root and successfully overwinter.
What characteristics should the seedlings have:
- When buying seedlings, look at their roots. The roots should not look weak, damaged. The root system needs a powerful one.
- Cut color - milky beige. A good seedling has a pronounced main conductor, this will affect the formation of the crown in the future.
- The root collar should not be damaged.
- If the seedling has leaves, remove them before planting.
- For planting seedlings, prepare a hole 0.6-1 m wide and 0.6-0.8 m deep.
- Divide the soil into two parts: the upper one separately, the lower one separately.
- Take the following fertilizers: 2 buckets of humus, 0.5 kg of ash, 200 g of superphosphate, 60 g of sulfuric potassium. Mix these fertilizers with a layer of top soil and pour into the hole.
- Drive a stake into the ground to tie the sapling.
- Place the seedling so that the root collar rises 5-7 cm above the ground. Spread the roots.
- Sprinkle with a layer of bottom soil to keep the seedling in place. Then pour in 1 bucket of water.
- Backfill with soil until the hole is completely filled and the seedling hardened.
- Tie the seedling to the stake.
- Lightly tamp the soil.
- Make a circle of about 5 cm around the seedling, and spread the soil with a roller. Then the water will be absorbed evenly.
Important: Loamy or sandy loam soil is suitable for planting cherries. Clay, sour peat, sandy soil is not suitable for cherries.
If you plant a tree correctly, and it will take root, active growth can be observed from next spring.
Scheme of the correct planting of cherry seedlings 
Scheme: how to plant cherries In which direction to plant cherries by grafting?
In which direction the vaccine will look does not matter. The important thing is where you plant the cherry seedling.
Important: Sweet cherries will take root in well-lit areas. Choose a sunny place for cherries, in the southern or southwestern part of the garden. The place where cherries will grow should be not only sunny, but also protected from the wind.
Video: How to plant cherries?
At what distance to plant cherries from each other?
Sweet cherries need cross-pollination. Therefore, it is recommended to plant 2-3 trees at once so that they pollinate each other.
Important: The distance between trees has great importance... As long as the seedlings are small, this is not critical. But in the future, trees will grow, crowns of neighboring trees may interfere with each other. They shade a friend, do not give the branches a space. This affects the harvest.
Therefore, even at the moment of laying the garden, you should take care of correct distance... It depends on the dimensions of an adult tree and is calculated using the formula: A1 + A2 (m). Where A1 and A2 - maximum height wood.
If it is not possible to calculate the height of the trees or there is no place in the garden, the average distance between trees should not be less than 3-5 m.
Care for cherries in the first year of planting and further - watering, feeding, spraying: timing
Taking care of cherries in the first year is extremely important. From proper care will depend on whether or not the cherries take root.
Wintering
It is necessary to help the tree overwinter, since the change in climate is painful for cherries.
To do this, in winter, the trunk is insulated with burlap. But if the winter is warm, you do not need to do this so that the tree does not push against it. If the winter is warm, it is enough to wrap the trunk with snow, protecting it from the wind.
In winter, rodents become more active, wanting to feast on the bark of young trees. To deal with uninvited guests scatter pesticides around the trees.
Watering
Young tree needs regular watering. Sweet cherry loves water, but does not tolerate stagnant water. A young tree takes about 3 buckets of water. During a drought, watering young cherries is necessary once a week. If there is no drought, once a month will be enough. Watering is carried out through the hole, which is gradually expanded as the tree grows.
Top dressing
- If you add fertilizer to the pit during planting, then no additional fertilizers, except nitrogen fertilizers, are required in the next 3 years.
- Nitrogen fertilizers stimulate vigorous tree growth. They need to be introduced in early spring or in the second year after planting. Nitrogen must not be added in autumn.
- If you did not apply any fertilizers during the planting of seedlings, you can apply organic and mineral fertilizers: humus, ash, chicken droppings, potassium, superphosphate. Fertilizers are applied with irrigation. For watering a young tree mineral fertilizers you should take 3 tbsp. superphosphate, 2 tbsp. l. potassium sulfate in a bucket of water.
- You can't overdo it with fertilizers. The result may be the opposite of what you expected.
Spraying
Spraying is carried out in the spring in order to destroy pests that have overwintered in the soil and bark. For this, the trunks are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid.
The next spraying in summer is for insect control. For this, copper or iron vitriol, urea is used.
The last spraying is in the fall. Spraying is carried out iron vitriol or Bordeaux liquid to prevent putrefactive diseases.
Young cherry tree Cherry diseases and pests: description with photographs and control measures
Dangerous pests of sweet cherries:
- Cherry fly... It becomes more active in May. First, it feeds on the juice of the leaves, and then begins to lay eggs on the cherry fruits. Over time, the larva makes its way into the pulp and eats it. The fruit becomes soft and falls off the tree. There are white worms inside the fruit. To combat this pest, in the fall, they dig up the soil around the trunk, and in the spring, before flowering, they are sprayed with insecticides.
- Aphid... Damages tree leaves and shoots. You can suspect the presence of aphids by twisted leaves and twisted shoots. You need to fight aphids in 2 stages: in the spring, before the buds swell and after the buds open. For the first time, trees are treated with nitrofen, and then metaphos, karbofos.
- Cherry slimy sawfly... An insect that feeds on the leaves of trees. After fattening, the larvae of a greenish-yellow color go under the bark and may not emerge from there for 2-3 years in case of drought. You can fight this insect with the help of chlorophos, karbofos, cyanox, etc.
- Cherry pipe runner... A dark green beetle up to 1 cm in size. It feeds on bark, leaves, fruits and even cherry seeds. The female lays her larvae in the pulp. Control methods: spraying with actellik, gardona, karbofos after tree flowering.
- Brown fruit mite... It affects cherries, leaving larvae skins on the bark. A sign of damage by a fruit mite is the silvery tint of the tree. You need to fight the tick in several approaches with different types of acaricides: colloidal sulfur, metaphos, zolone. A tick of this species quickly becomes addicted to the drug.
Cherry pests: cherry fly 
Cherry pests: cherry aphid 
Cherry pests: cherry weevil The most dangerous diseases cherries:
- Coccomycosis... Small leaves are formed brown dots, which subsequently grow. The disease destroys the fruit, the tree. Prevention of coccomycosis - treatment of trees with copper sulfate and Bordeaux liquid.
- Cherry rot(brown, brown, fruit). Formed as a result of damage to the skin of the fetus. Insects and pests often destroy the skin's integrity, resulting in rot on the cherries. Rot can be prevented by preventing insects from infesting the tree.
- False tinder... Causes wood rot from the inside. As a result, the tree becomes weak, sick. Control methods: disinfection of tree wounds garden pitch and processing copper sulfate, whitewashing the trunk with lime, increasing the frost resistance of trees.
- Moniliosis. Fungal disease tree that can destroy an entire garden. Outwardly, the trees look dry - shoots, leaves, buds dry and turn brown. If you notice such a disease in your tree, cut off the diseased branches, then burn the diseased branches. Disinfect the sections. Copper-based preparations are also used.
- Clusterosporosis... The main symptom is that the leaves become perforated. Methods of dealing with this disease, as in coccomycosis.
Cherry diseases: clusterosporosis 
Cherry diseases: moniliosis 
Cherry diseases: fruit rot How to process cherries from aphids, worms, moniliosis, in spring, summer, before and after flowering: means, timing
A young tree is a tasty morsel for different types diseases, insects, birds. Spraying helps to cope with this problem, but it is important to know when and with what means to spray cherries, since pests appear at different times.
The most common spray preparations:
- Urea
- Bordeaux liquid
- Copper or iron sulfate
To spray trees, you will need a special compressor or piston pump, as well as individual protection: rubber gloves, mask, glasses, overalls.
Below is a table from which you will learn about the timing and means for spraying.
Cherry spraying table Video: How to spray cherries?
How to feed cherries after planting, in spring, before and after flowering, in summer: fertilizers, folk remedies
You can feed cherries with helpers folk remedies... For this, the following means are used:
- Chicken droppings... It is brought in in the spring in a diluted form. First, pour 1.5 kg of droppings with 3-4 liters of water. This mixture should ferment for two days. Then add water up to 10 liters, mix thoroughly and water the tree.
- Shredded eggshell replaces calcium, which is so necessary for the growth of cherries. When digging the soil, the shell is brought in in the proportion of 2 tablespoons per 1m².
Important: You don't need to fertilize too often. When fertilizing during planting in the next 2-3 years, there is no need for feeding. In subsequent years, it is enough to fertilize 1-2 times a year - in autumn and spring.
To combat cherry aphids, you can use the following folk recipe:
- Make a strong decoction of garlic, onions, or dandelions. Leave it to infuse for 2 hours.
- Add a finely grated bar of soap to a 10 liter bucket of broth.
- Spray when aphids appear on the tree.
How correctly and whether it is possible to prune cherries in autumn, spring, summer: a scheme for pruning cherries at 1, 2 years, the formation of a tree, bush, video for beginners
Important: The branches of the cherry tree must be cut from the first year of the seedling's life. There are three types of pruning: summer, autumn and spring.
In the spring, branches are cut in two stages:
- In March, they get rid of areas damaged in winter.
- In April, they begin to form a crown.
In the fall, after the leaves fall off, pruning must be done before the onset of cold weather, so that the tree has time to recover:
- First, they get rid of small, weak branches for the purpose of thinning.
- Then the shoots are shortened by a third.
In the summer, some gardeners do not touch the branches, others prefer to prune them:
- The first stage, immediately after flowering, prune the branches by pinching for horizontal growth.
- Second phase summer pruning occurs after harvest. This time, you need to trim the branches that have grown 10 cm after the first pruning.
The formation of the crown is completed at 5-6 years of age.
Cherry pruning scheme for 1,2,3 years Video: How to form cherries?
When, for what year does the sweet cherry bear fruit after planting?
You can harvest the first cherry harvest 3-5 years after planting. Fruiting is determined by the cherry variety.
Why did not the cherry blossom, does not bear fruit: the reasons, what to do?
Cherry blossoms when average daily temperature air 10-12º. The temperature should be above 15º during the day. These are the spring months March-April.
Consider the reasons why the cherry did not bloom:
- No pollination... To do this, you need to plant not one tree on the site, but several. Cherries are not suitable for sweet cherry pollination.
- Incorrect cropping... The crown should be formed in the form of tiers or a bowl at an angle of branches of 50 *. Pruning must be done on time.
- Excess or lack of moisture... During heavy rains with stagnant water, the soil around the cherries should be mulched with a special film. Watering should not be too often 1 time per month in the summer and in September 1 time before the onset of cold weather.
- Incorrect fit... The root collar should not be deeply planted in the ground, or vice versa - be located high. Optimal height- 5 cm above the ground.
- Pests and diseases... The tree may not bloom, as it is affected by the disease.
- Frosty winter... Sweet cherry simply may not survive the winter if the frost resistance of the variety is low and the winter is cold.
- The time has not come... Some varieties may not bear fruit for up to 5 years.
- Wrong place... The sweet cherry may not bloom, as the planting site was chosen incorrectly.
- Feeding... If you do not apply any fertilizers, cherries may stop blooming.
Cherry blossom When does sweet cherry ripen?
Sweet cherries are among the berries that can be enjoyed earlier than other berries and fruits. The ripening of the first berries depends on the growing climate of the trees and on the variety.
In the south, cherries begin to ripen in mid-May. By July, cherries usually finish their fruiting.
Cherry varieties:
- Early: Ruby early, Valery Chkalov, Melitopol, Iput, Italian, Franz Joseph. These varieties ripen in mid-May - early June.
- Medium: French large-fruited, Gini, Amber, Drogana yellow, Generalskaya, Dniprovka. Ripening time - June-early July.
- Late: Melitopol dense, Leningrad yellow, Leningrad black, Raisin large-fruited. Ripening time - July.
Early varieties are suitable for immediate consumption, they are generally not canned. These varieties are soft and tender. Average and late varieties great for blanks for the winter.
Cherry variety - Valery Chkalov 
Cherry variety - Home garden 
Cherry variety - Iput What to do if the cherries are frozen over?
Both an old tree and a young one can freeze slightly. Young trees are most often affected after the first wintering. If the first frost hits in the first half of winter, the tree will probably survive this phenomenon normally. Much worse is the first severe frost that appears in the middle of winter. By this time, the tree loses its frost resistance.
Important: You can determine the freezing of a tree by darkened shoots, buds, bark, roots.
When the snow melts, you can check if the roots are frozen. To do this, carefully small area dig up and make a cut in the wood. If the color has darkened, then the roots are frozen. In the same way, you can check the freezing of the shoots.
If the buds are frozen and darkened, there will be no harvest. They will crumble. This often happens in the spring, when frost starts unexpectedly.
A frozen tree cannot always be saved. There are times when a tree is so damaged that it only remains to uproot it and plant a new one. In most cases, the tree can be healed.
How to reanimate a frozen tree:
- Cut off diseased damaged parts.
- Frost holes need to be cleaned before the spring sap flow, treated with copper sulphate and garden pitch.
- Trunk circles must be mulched with humus.
- A frozen tree needs special care. This is frequent watering, weeding and loosening of the soil.
- If the frozen cherry blossoms, 1⁄4 of the flowers are left, the rest of the ovaries are removed. This is done so that the cherry regains its strength, and does not waste it on the fruiting process.
Why cherries dry up: reasons
Cherry dries up for the following reasons:
- Diseases
- Improper care
- Close occurrence of groundwater.
- Pests
There are two diseases that lead to the most common wilting of leaves and branches:
- Moniliosis
- Verticillosis
Examine the tree carefully. With moniliosis, the branches dry up, as if struck by fire. With verticillium can be seen on a tree brown spots from which gum oozes. When a disease is detected, it is necessary to start a fight:
- Remove diseased areas, strip the gum.
- Process the sections with garden pitch.
- Treat the tree with a special antifungal agent that fights the disease.
- Burn the cut branches so that spores do not fall back on your trees.
- Continue caring for the tree throughout the year, observing the above rules.
- In the fall, dig up the soil in the trunk circle, apply fertilizers.
Now you know how to plant and care for cherries to get a rich harvest.
Video: What varieties of cherries are suitable for central Russia?
Sweet cherry is a fairly common crop on the territory of Russia in general and in the middle lane in particular. This is the oldest variety of cherries. In modern conditions, dozens of varieties have been bred with different sizes, tastes and colors of berries, height and spreading of the crown, and the timing of fruit ripening.
Sweet cherry: the best varieties for a personal plot
When choosing seedlings, you need to pay attention to its zoning, since southern varieties will freeze or wither in colder climates with high snow cover. Therefore, before going to the nursery, you should pay attention to some points:
- Frost resistance... The higher it is, the better.
- Short stature... Such plants are less likely to freeze and have higher yields.
- Late flowering... It allows you to get away from the return cold.
- Self-fertility... Such varieties do not need cross-pollination, therefore, the yield is guaranteed even when one plant is planted.
Taking into account all the factors, you can decide on the variety.
Iput
A tree of medium height (4-5 m), pyramidal in shape with a dense crown. Thick, shortened petioles with three to four flowers white... Early flowering. Fruit universal purpose up to 9 g (considered large) glossy, burgundy to black. Juicy, sweet pulp.
Self-fertile, productive (up to 30 kg) variety, resistant to fungal infections.
Lapins
A variety of Canadian selection with low frost resistance, fruitful with simultaneous ripening of fruits that do not fall off for a long time. Fruits are large - up to 8 g, transportable.
With enhanced agricultural technology, they reach 13 g. Orange-red color and dense pulp. Variety with great strength growth, highly productive, self-fertile, late maturing. Fruiting begins at the end of July. Berries for universal use.
Leningrad black
The height of the tree usually does not exceed four meters. The crown is spreading. In conditions of good agricultural technology, fruiting can occur in the third year after planting the seedling.
Maroon berries (up to 6 g) do not fall off for a long time, ripen in July, the separation is dry. Used for processing, freezing and fresh.
Summit
The variety is frost-resistant, fast-growing. Berries (10 g) with a wine aftertaste. Transportable. Good fresh and processed. The variety is used for cross-pollination of many types of sweet cherries.
Poetry
Tree up to 3 m with a pyramidal crown. Yellow fruits(6 g) with a firm, creamy pulp. The taste is sweet and sour. Average winter hardiness and drought resistance. The yield is high, the quality of the berries is excellent.
In addition to these varieties, cherry varieties are grown in the middle lane, presented in the table:
| Name | Ripening terms | The weight | Colour | Taste | Tree height | Winter hardiness, productivity |
| Julia / Julia | mid-early | large, 8 g | Yellow-pink | dessert | average | No |
| Fatezh | Early July | 4 g | Rose red | dessert | average | Yes |
| Bryansk pink | End of july | 4-5 g | pink-speckled | sweet | average | winter-hardy, fast-growing |
| Valery Chkalov | Early July | 9 g | raspberry | great dessert | medium-sized | winter-hardy, fast-growing, very productive |
| Veda | July | 4-5 g | dark red | the pulp is firm, sweet | undersized (2.5 m), spreading crown, rounded | Yes |
| Olenka | early | Up to 10 g | red to black | dessert | undersized | increased |
| In memory of Chernyshevsky | June | 4-5 g | Red to black | sweet and sour | tall | winter hardy |
| Jealous | mid-late | 5 g | Bordeaux | sweet | Medium height | winter hardy |
| Homeland | June July | 6 g | Bordeaux | sweetish | Medium height | very winter hardy |
| Rossoshanskaya Gold | June July | 6 g | yellow | sweet with honey aftertaste | undersized | Yes |
Video review of fruitful cherry varieties
When to plant cherries
Spring planting is practiced in Siberian regions with a sharply continental climate - short summer and harsh and long winters. In the middle zone, where the climate is temperate, more humid and warmer, cherry seedlings are planted in autumn - in September-October.
This period is considered the most optimal, since the task of the gardener is to enable the seedling to take root well and go into the winter before the beginning of the growing season (growth and development). If the autumn planting date is missed, then you have to wait for spring. For this period, seedlings are buried in a shallow trench with a slope of 45 degrees before the onset of warm days. In winter, so that they do not freeze, you need to periodically throw snow on, and cover it with plywood, boards, and non-woven material from sunburn. Polyethylene must not be used, in order to avoid spring drying out.
If it is necessary to preserve several shoots, they are tied in 4-5 pieces and placed in a groove top to the south, roots - in a deeper part, to the north.
Advantages of autumn planting of cherries in the middle lane:
- During this period, there is no need for frequent watering, since it rains quite enough.
- The seedlings are sold fresh, recently dug up. They have still preserved not dried young roots and leaves, which can be used to determine the condition of the seedling, the presence or absence of infections.
- Large selection and relative cheapness.
And finally, in the fall, the gardener has more free time than in the spring.
How to choose and plant cherries correctly
Before purchasing, you need to decide in advance whether it will be a rooted plant or on a rootstock. If the second option, then when buying, you need to find a vaccination site - it has a pronounced thickening just above the root collar.
In addition, the tree should have a main guide, which will later become the main trunk, and pruning will be done with an eye on it. If there is no central conductor, then you will get a highly branched plant with a high risk of breaking the crown during the fruiting period.
The root system should be 15 cm long, moist and free from obvious damage. It is better to choose one-year or two-year seedlings.
Immediately before planting, the plant is examined again to identify any flaws and:
- remove "soaked" roots;
- trim off very long root ends;
- cut off those roots that do not fit in the planting hole;
- tear off the remaining foliage.
In no case should you prune branches, only if they broke during transportation.
In the presence of dried roots, before planting, they are placed in water for several hours (from 2 to 10) to be saturated with moisture.
When the seedlings are sorted out, you need to determine a favorable place for planting cherries. This should be a well-lit area, sheltered from the north wind.
Sweet cherry does not "like" low-lying areas with a high occurrence of groundwater, clayey and acidic peat soil.
Best of all, she "feels" on loam, sandy loam with good aeration.
The planting site is carefully dug up with the removal of weeds, leveled with a rake. Landing pits 
are planned at a distance of 4-5 meters from each other. Their diameter and depth is 80-90 cm.When the cherry orchard is outlined and the pits are ready, they add:
- humus - 3 buckets;
- ash - 1 l;
- superphosphate - 0.2 kg;
- potash fertilizers - 0.1 kg.
In addition, with clay soil, a bucket of sand is poured into the pit, with sandy soil - a bucket of clay. Mix everything with a shovel and form a small mound in the center for convenient placement of the roots.
Nitrogen fertilizers at autumn planting do not apply to avoid premature growth.
You can start planting. First, a support peg is stuck into the hole, then the seedling is placed strictly vertically and the roots are carefully straightened along the slopes of the mound. It is necessary to ensure that the root collar and place 
the scion (if any) was 3 cm above the surface of the earth. Sprinkle the roots with soil, periodically shaking the tree. When the process is half completed, a bucket of water is poured into the pit and the planting is complete. The earth around is thoroughly rammed.
Then, they tie the plant to a support and, stepping back from the trunk 30 cm around the circumference, make a small depression into which another bucket of water is poured. It is advisable to mulch the planting site with rotted sawdust or compost. If after a few days the soil settles, then it should be poured to the general level.
How to care for cherries
Care for cherries after planting is practically not required:
- The main thing is to protect it from rodents, frostbite, damping and sunburn. To do this, the trunk should be whitewashed, wrapped in burlap and decomposed pesticides. At cold winter better to sketch out the snow.
- In the spring, when the snow melts, the trunk and skeletal branches are whitened to reflect the sun's rays and to prevent disease.
- During the growing season, cherries require watering 1-2 times a month: a young one needs 2 buckets, an adult one needs 5-6 buckets of water.
- The first 2-3 years in the spring, only nitrogen fertilizers are applied - they stimulate the growth of branches and green mass.
- Starting from the 4th year, a complete mineral complex is introduced.
The soil under the trees can be mulched, turfed, or kept under black fallow.
Cherry pruning and shaping
One of mandatory procedures to care for a sweet cherry is its pruning and tree shaping. It allows you to achieve regular bountiful harvests... Incorrect implementation of these measures inevitably leads to the weakening and death of the plant.
Spring pruning of skeletal branches before the onset of sap flow is preferable, since they are clearly visible, and with the onset of the warm period there is no risk of freezing. The wounds heal quickly.
For the middle lane optimal time the procedure is carried out at the end of March-beginning of April. In the autumn, after leaf fall and until October, sanitary pruning is carried out and the crown is thinned.
Young seedlings begin to form from the first year when they reach 50-55 cm. If the trees have not yet grown to this height, then pruning is postponed for the next year. So:
Removal of skeletal branches is not allowed if they have active buds.
With all agrotechnical techniques and with correct formation, cherries will delight you with their flowering and abundant harvests from year to year.
Gardeners appreciate cherries for their stable high yields and a great berry taste. Many people think that growing cherries in their garden is too time-consuming process because of its exactingness to soil, weather, etc. These people are mistaken. For good development and abundant fruiting of cherries, not so much is needed: a well-chosen variety, protection from cold weather, the necessary watering and feeding.
How to choose a seedling for planting correctly
Cherry seedlings are best purchased at a local nursery, which is engaged in the cultivation of planting material, and not its resale.
In order for the sweet cherry to bear fruit well, plant not one variety in your garden, but two or three, since pollination should be cross.
Important! Choose a variety for planting that is suitable for the climate of your region. Take the seedling from your local nursery.
Strong roots are the key to the future health of the plant.
There are many similarities between cherry and cherry seedlings. In order not to be confused, carefully examine the selected seedling. The cherry tree is usually taller, has erect branches, the color of the bark is reddish-brown, while the cherry bark is gray-brown. A healthy plant has a smooth bark, which has no signs of disease and freezing.
- Do not take a too old seedling , the optimal age is no more than two years. It should be about 0.8 m high and have three or four well-developed shoots. To make sure that the seedling is truly varietal, look for the grafted area.
- Inspect root system trees , it must be healthy, have several branches at least 20 cm in length. Dried, rotten or frozen roots indicate that the seedling is not viable - it should not be taken.
- For central Russia and regions closer to the north, you should choose cold-resistant and late-flowering cherry variety so that recurrent spring frosts do not harm trees.
Seat selection
If cherries are planted in the wrong place, they will not survive. Therefore, take the choice of the place seriously.
It is good if from the cold north wind the cherry sapling is closed by some kind of building.
What you should pay attention to when choosing a place for planting cherries:
- the most suitable direction is the southern or southwestern side of the site;
- a draft at the landing site is unacceptable;
- good availability of sunlight;
- cherries do not like waterlogging, therefore, groundwater should lie at a depth of more than 1.5 m.
It would be nice to plant a cherry seedling on a small hill near the southern wall of a house or some kind of building. The hill can be man-made: just make a half-meter mound and plant cherries.
How to prepare the soil
For proper development and abundant fruiting, plant cherries on fertile loam or sandy loam, it is desirable that the acidity of the soil is close to neutral.
Sweet cherry grows well on light fertile soils.
The earth should be light , highly absorbent and breathable. On peat bog, deep sandstone and heavy clay soil you should not plant cherries, it simply will not take root.
If you plan to plant cherries in the spring, then prepare the planting site in the fall: dig it up, fertilize it with organic matter (manure or compost) and mineral fertilizers (superphosphate and potassium sulfate). With a high acidity of the soil, add fluff lime or chalk, the acidity will decrease. For autumn planting, the same must be done in mid-August, so that the seedling is planted in mid-September.
How to plant cherries correctly
Cherry planting time depends on the region.
- V southern region the best time for planting - autumn, so that the seedling gets stronger before frost and can survive the winter.
- In central Russia spring planting is recommended, around the end of April, until the buds are swollen. If you are planting several cherry trees, make sure that there is at least 3 m between them.
10-14 days before planting the seedling, prepare a hole 0.6 m deep and about 1 m wide, during which time the soil will settle.
Make a drainage layer at the bottom of the pit.
Before landing:
Lightly tamp the soil into the hole and pour 1-2 buckets of water into it. Then fill in trunk circle mulch (peat, humus).
For a two-year-old sapling, you need to trim the branches slightly, focusing on the central leader... If you are planting with a delay, then pruning is not recommended, it is better to do it next spring.
After spring planting the seedling is cut off (a), by the fall new branches grow (b).
Advice! If the roots of the seedling are slightly dry, then before planting, hold it in water for several hours.
In order not to provoke active growth of shoots in the fall, do not get carried away with fresh manure and large doses nitrogen fertilizers... Cherry perceives better spring feeding... In the second half of September, the cultivation of the land in the trunk circle should be completed, as the tree begins to prepare for winter. To facilitate this task, feed the cherries with phosphorus fertilizer. To do this, add superphosphate granules (4–5 tablespoons).
Care and pruning of cherries in the first year after planting
Cherry pruning scheme from the first to the fifth years of life.
After you have finished planting the seedling, you need to prune to balance the aboveground and ground parts of the plant. To begin with, take a close look at the tree, outline 3 or 4 successfully located branches, in your opinion, and shorten them by a third.
Keep in mind that the length of the branch after pruning should not be less than 40 cm.
Everything else can be cut without stumps. Cut the center conductor so that it rises above the skeletal branch by 20-25 cm .
The next spring, before the buds begin to swell, formative pruning is carried out by shortening the shoots that have grown in a year by half. This will stimulate the formation of side branches for setting the crop.
Important! V autumn-winter period pruning is not allowed. It is done only in early spring, until the buds begin to swell.
Crown formation
Until the tree begins to bear fruit, form a longline crown: every spring, prune last year's shoots, shortening them by 1/5 of the length.
When the tree reaches height 3-3.5 m cut off the main conductor to restrain growth.
Until the age of 5, a cherry tree usually does not require crown thinning. After 5 years, he needs sanitary pruning, during which damaged and improperly growing branches are removed.
Attention! It is important that the angle between the shoot and the trunk is not less than 45 °... Branches extending from the trunk at a lower angle should be cut so that they do not break under the weight of the berries.
Broken branch
If it turns out that the branch is broken, remove it, clean the cut and process it with garden pitch.
Well-groomed cherry tree.
With the onset of spring and autumn, do not forget to whitewash the trunk of a cherry tree, before the onset of winter, cover them, protecting them from rodents. Keep the trunk circle clean, periodically cleaning the fallen leaves from it, loosen it and water it in time - and then the cherries will thank you good harvest delicious berries.