2. Orlando. The result of pollination of the grapefruit "Duncan" with the pollen of the same tangerine Dancy.
3. Tangelo Nova is a hybrid of clementine and tangelo Orlando.
4. Thornton is a hybrid of tangerine and grapefruit.
5. Ugli (Ugli) - this drop dead beauty happened by accident. In 1917, a certain J.J.R.Sharp, owner of Trout Hall Ltd. (now, as I understand it, Cabel Hall Citrus Ltd.), Jamaica, found this kind of gnarled crap in the pasture. Identifying it as a likely hybrid of tangerine and grapefruit, he took a stalk from it, grafted onto a sour orange, and proceeded to re-graft offspring, choosing fruits with the fewest seeds. In 1934, he gave the country so much coalfruit for the first time that he was even able to start exporting to England and Canada.
6. Wekiwa Tangelo, Canadian, with light skin, the result of a repeated crossing of a Tangelo in a grapefruit
7. Tangor is a cross between a tangerine and a sweet orange. Rather, it is generally accepted. It's actually a little more complicated. The most famous tangor is Temple (Temple, Temple, Temple). Its origin is not completely clear.
8. Clementine. And this is a hybrid of mandarin and orange-king, created by the French missionary and breeder Father Clement Rodier in Algeria in 1902. Actually, if you buy a tangerine, and it is somehow too sweet for a tangerine, it is quite possible that it is actually clementine.
9. The natural tangor of the East is a tankan. This culture has been cultivated since time immemorial in the south of China, on the island of Formosa (Taiwan) and in the Japanese prefecture of Kagoshima. The tree on which the tankan grows is indistinguishable from the tangerine, but the fruits make you suspect this citrus is a hybrid with an orange.
10. Ortanique is also probably a natural tangor. It was also found in Jamaica, but already in 1920. Since there were tangerine and orange trees nearby, they decided that it was a hybrid of them. The name was collected from the world on a string - or (ange) + tan (gerine) + (un) ique.
11. Royal mandarin (Citrus nobilis, kunenbo, Cambodian mandarin). His appearance is quite memorable, it rarely happens in our stores and is sold simply as a tangerine.
12. Markot is also a famous tangor. And also of unknown origin. Florida tangoras are called Markots, the parental varieties / species of which are not known for certain. The first tree was found in 1922 and built in good hands. 
13. Satsuma (inshiu, Citrus unshiu) Moroccan. According to one version, all satsuma are a hybrid of citron and lime; the second is a hybrid of orange and lime.
14. Yemeni citron is an independent species.
15. Citron "Buddha's fingers (hand)" is similar to Cthulhu;)
16. Corsican citron. Please note - all these varieties have almost no pulp - one zest. 
17. Kaffir lime (Kaffir lime, Kaffir lime, Citrus hystrix, Kaffir lime, porcupine citrus)
18. Etrog (efrog, Greek citron, zedrat-citron, Jewish citron)
19. Persian (Tahitian) lime
20. Limetta (limette, Citrus limetta, Italian lime, sweet lime)
21. Mexican lime (West Indian lime, sour lime). It is the Mexican lime that is usually painted on bottles and cans of all kinds of lime drinks.
22. Indian lime (aka Palestine, Palestinian sweet lime, Colombian lime) has long been considered a hybrid of lime and lime, but attempts to cross these plants have not yielded anything similar. 
23. Australian finger lime. It is also called citrus caviar.
24. He's the same. There are many varieties of them, with pulp of different colors. The origin is also unclear. The fruits are similar to multi-colored cucumbers. Australian chefs use the pulp of finger limes as a side dish, add it to salads and soups, decorate fish and meat dishes with it.
25. Limandarines (limonias) - the results of crossing tangerines with limes or lemons. Since time immemorial, limandarines have been bred in China. It is believed that the first limandarin was the result of a cross between a Cantonese lemon and a Cantonese mandarin. The Chinese red lemons that appear on our shelves are typical limandarines.
26. Rangpur - Indian hybrid of mandarin and lime 
27. Otahait (sweet rangpur, Otahait rangpur, Tahitian orange). This is also a limandarin, also believed to be native to India. Opened in 1813 in Tahiti, from where the Europeans took it all over the world.
28. Rough lemon or citronella. It comes from North India and is a hybrid of mandarin and citron.
29. Pomelo. It is also Citrus maxima, Citrus grandis, pummela and sheddock - in honor of Captain Sheddock, who brought pomelo seeds to the West Indies (Barbados) from the Malay Archipelago in the 17th century. Huge round or pear-shaped fruits with a rather thick rind, a lot of juicy pulp, and rough, easily detachable membranes. One of the original citrus fruits from which all their variety has gone. The zest of the pomelo is yellow, green, and the pulp is yellow, green, red.
30. Pomelo with lime.
31. Hybrid - Duncan grapefruit, variety bred in Florida, in 1830.
32. Also a hybrid - Hudson grapefruit 
33. A very famous hybrid of our pomelo - oroblanco. It is the result of a cross between Siamese sweet pomelo and Marsh grapefruit.
34. Sweetie - a hybrid of grapefruit from Israel
35. New Zealand grapefruit. It is called grapefruit, but it is believed to be either natural tangelo or a hybrid of pomelo and grapefruit. The place of origin is also unclear - either China or Australia. Considerably sweeter than most grapefruits.
36. Chironya is a citrus whose fruits are like grapefruit in size and taste more like an orange. 
37. Calamondin (aka golden lime, Panamanian orange, calamansi, musky lime), the result of crossing sour mandarin (sunka) and kumquat
38. Yuzu (ichandrin, young) - the result of crossing sunka and ichang-papeda (ichang lime)
39. Kumquat. These are such small, with the extreme phalanx of the thumb of an adult man's hand, yellow or orange fruits, similar in shape to reduced lemons. They are sold, as a rule, in large grocery stores, in laminated foam trays. They appeared in Russia relatively recently, just a few years ago. At first they were hellishly expensive, but today they have fallen in price. Now, if you haven't tried them yet, then you've probably seen them.
40. Limequat Youstis (hybrid of Mexican lime and round kumquat)
41. Mandarinquat Indio
42. Lemonquats (lemon + kumquat) and orangequats (orange or tripolyata + kumquat). And here, attention, fast-time - a hybrid of Youstis limequat and Australian finger lime 
43. Sevillano, Seville bitter orange. In Seville, they are produced 17 thousand tons per year. Bitter oranges are not eaten fresh, they do not make juices, but they are used in the hybridization of citrus fruits, they are used to make orange bitters, to give orange flavor to liqueurs, and also as a seasoning for fish and as a raw material for obtaining aromatic oils.
44. Citranzhquat is a hybrid of citrange (which, in turn, is a hybrid of orange and trifoliates, aka ponzirus) and kumquat.
45. Bitter orange kikudai (Japanese citrus, canaliculata) is a purely ornamental plant. In Japan, it is grown to admire
46. Bergamot (bergamot lemon, bergamo sour orange) - a kind of bitter orange with a very bright recognizable scent - used in perfumery
47. Citrus sinensis sweet orange - Chinese citrus.
48. A hybrid of sour orange and pomelo - natsudai or natsumikan 
49. Citrus sinensis - from the inside.
50. Red oranges. Their Russian name is korolki. Americans call them blood oranges - blood oranges. The bloodiest sanguinelli ...
51. ... and sanguinelli 
52. Fruit of Ichang papeda. Use papeds for hybridization
53. Ponciruses are an independent genus of the subfamily of the orange family of the Rutaceae family, including one single species - the tripoliata or three-leaf poncirus.
54. Citremon - a hybrid of tripolyates and lemon
55. Kabusu (kabosu) - Chinese, but especially popular in Japan, a hybrid of papeda and orange 
56. Eremocytrus or Australian dessert limes. This is also a separate subgenus of citrus fruits. Eremocytrus has a drop dead shaggy tree and small green fruits
57. Murrayas are a separate genus of the Rutaceae family, not citruses. But their fruits are similar to citrus fruits, and therefore everyone who is engaged in the cultivation, study and hybridization of citrus fruits is also interested in murrayas. Murrayas are also called orange jasmine. 
58. Severinia is also close to citrus fruits
59. Afrocytruses or citropsis. They are also African cherry oranges. These are trees with small edible fruits that vaguely resemble citrus fruits.
60. Lemon feronia, sour limonium or Indian wooden apple. A wild Indian rue with very sour (although they say there are also sweet) edible fruits with an almost wooden skin.
61. Ceylon Orangester. Orange fruits are very bitter, but the leaves, if rubbed or broken, have a strong lemon aroma.
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Growing Japanese chaenomeles (Japanese quince)
The investigation established
About seven years ago, having set myself the goal of expanding the vegetable assortment at my beautiful dacha, I unexpectedly found an amazing garden culture (the dream of any summer resident), and a worthy answer to mercantile hucksters, and an excellent alternative to chemical overseas fruits.
And I found this miracle "three in one" on a long-long abandoned neighbor's plot, I don't even remember when I saw its owners. In general, I looked there, as they say, to check the order (you never know what is harmful and dangerous for others hiding), and accidentally drew attention to a strange shaggy bush with dry branches sticking out in all directions, on which hung small, yellow, fragrant ... well, like apples. Who are you, a fruit unknown to me? Forgotten, abandoned, in a semi-wild state, he was modestly silent. Armed with specialized literature, I began to inquire about the stranger.
And I found out that among botanists and summer residents, debates have been going on for many years about how to properly name and dignify this plant, and there is enough confusion (it's like with a guinea pig: it's not a pig in fact, and not a guinea pig). Some call him Japanese quince, other - chaenomeles, well, some in general northern lemon, because its fruits give off sourness. I liked the second option, because in translation from Latin the word "chaenomeles" means "folding apple".
Very similar, by the way. This genus includes three natural species, the most common in China and Japan, - henomeles japanese, lovely and katayan... And there are four more hybrids that arose as a result of cunning crossbreeding combinations. They create transitional forms between species, which further complicates their definition. In general, when you think that you are growing Japanese quince, it may turn out that it is Japanese chaenomeles or something else. In the end, completely entangled in the complex fate of the genomeles clan and lost in the dense branches of its family tree, I arbitrarily decided that I had met the excellent chaenomeles. It's just my whim, and that's it. And he began to treat him according to the definition.
Planting chaenomeles
And therefore, he did not transplant the old bush, but gathered up fragrant apples and dug up young growth, which was full around. I immediately dropped it on my site. And he planted it like that. I dug holes of 50 × 50 cm at a distance of 70 cm from each other, poured half a bucket of compost into each one, half a liter jar of ash and a handful of nitroammophoska, mixed well. It should be noted that the soil in my beautiful dacha is sandy loam. And therefore, probably, it would be necessary to add superphosphate as well, but I did not have it at that time. And money, by the way, too.
I planted it along the root collar, and then immediately watered the plantings well - one bucket per hole. The water was absorbed, I slightly poked the seedlings, and around them I mulched with old fallen pine needles.
It was already in October.
I washed the apples that I collected at home (the scent for the whole apartment!), Cut them into slices, took out the seeds. I dried some of the slices on a battery (drink with tea), and froze some of them - in winter they add to salads and pies, and put them in the same tea. And the tea, I must say, got a unique taste and aroma. Where are imported lemons! Chaenomeles is lovely. Adore!
And he did not throw out the seeds he had taken out, no (as either beginners do, or very arrogant and incurious, or very rich summer residents). In the same October, he sowed them on a prepared bed. Cooking it is very simple. I marked a strip of 1 x 3 m, evenly sprinkled 500 g of nitroammophoska, 2 buckets of compost and 2 liters of ash on the surface.
And he dug all this onto the bayonet of a shovel. He leveled it with a rake, made five furrows 1.5 cm deep with a hoe and spread the seeds there, with an interval of about 5 cm. He closed the furrows with a rake, leveled and compacted them. I did not cover the garden with anything in the winter. I did everything the way, but to be honest, I thought that nothing would come up
I had a bad opinion about this plant. In April, all the seeds hatched. The seedlings turned out to be quite dense (I took into account for the future that the interval should be made larger), so everything had to be thinned out.
Twice in the spring I fed up with urea (a matchbox for a 12-liter bucket of water) - in April and May. Yes, even twice during the growing season I watered well (in the evening), and as it dried up, I weeded and loosened the bed. Burian did not remove from the garden - mulch. For two seasons they grew in my garden, and at the end of the second year, in October, I dug them up. More than two hundred seedlings turned out.
And to whom I just did not distribute them: neighbors in gardening, and neighbors in the city, and relatives, and just acquaintances and strangers. And on my site (taking into account the already planted overgrowth), 37 bushes are now growing.
Although Japanese quince has good cold resistance, experts recommend protecting it from piercing winds in winter, otherwise young branches may suffer. As a shelter, the bush can be “draped” with spruce branches or wooden shields can be installed near it, which will trap the snow ...
The spring flowering of chaenomeles, or Japanese quince, is the subject of my separate great joy and delight among all passers-by. This plant is an excellent honey plant, and bees take bribes from it in May, just at the most crucial period for the development of the bee colony. Branches from top to bottom are completely covered with bunches of orange-red-pink-white flowers. Beauty! Chaenomeles is decorative at any time of the year. In spring - flowers, in summer - dense, shiny, dark green leaves, in autumn - numerous yellow apples-fruits.
Important: fruiting is annual and abundant with timely pruning. The most productive branches of this shrub are usually at the age of three years.
Experts say that the yield of chaenomeles is up to 10 kg per bush. True, I did not collect more than five.
Maybe the bushes have not yet gained strength? There is evidence that with good care, chaenomeles can live in one place for 60-80 years. I willingly believe. From my communication with him, I concluded that this plant does not make special demands on the soil, but that it will always be very happy with a loose fertile one with the addition of sand. It does not tolerate fresh manure, so I fertilize it with leaf humus. I read in books that the bushes love light, and thickening can lead to a decrease in yield. Therefore, in early spring, before the start of sap flow, I do pruning: I remove all dry, underdeveloped and old shoots, as well as branches older than five years of age (they do not bloom, which means they do not bear fruit).
In the late autumn, when the plants go to bed, I also do pruning, but more gentle. Once I went to the dacha in winter - to chill out the snow from the branches, and in general to see how and what, and at the same time feed the titmouses (wonderful summer residents, do not forget about the feathered helpers!). I look, and I have three bushes left in the winter not cut off - wrapped up and let them pass. I thinned it out, and took the branches home. So chaenomeles blossomed in indoor conditions, and flowering lasted for three whole weeks. Outside the window it is cold, and in me, on a separate window-sill, there is a riot of wildlife!
Harvesting Japanese chaenomeles
And finally, the happy ending of the story: I want to talk specifically about the fruits. For starters, a note: they contain fruit sugar, organic acids, vitamins B, P (it strengthens blood vessels, and retains its "working capacity" even in jam) and, of course, C (it is four times more in chaenomeles than in lemons ). In general, and from this side, it turns out just a marvelous picture.
Another interesting point. Each fruit contains 20 to 80 seeds. Moreover, they remain viable for four years and have high germination energy. Whenever the seeds are planted (in spring or autumn), they sprout well and, by the end of the growing season, manage to reach a size that allows them to be planted in a permanent place or left for the winter in the same place.
And the thought stuck in my head: "Why are all supermarkets and markets filled with imported lemons, but there is no such charm?" Grandmothers sell dried fruits at the market, but they haven't even heard of chaenomeles. It turns out that people just don't know about him? Demand gives rise to supply, but there is no demand - so maybe more often you need to remind that there is such a wonderful fruit?
Personally, I would grow it even for the sake of tea. Although fresh chaenomeles fruits are very hard and sour, and it is almost impossible to eat them, you can cook a lot of healthy and tasty dishes from them.
Henomeles (Japanese quince) - recipes
Japanese chaenomeles jam
For example, jam. I wash the fruits, peel, cut and remove the seeds. Then I cut it into pieces, put it in a saucepan, fill it with water and boil for about half an hour until they soften. I use water after blanching the fruits to make syrup. Pour the blanched wedges into the boiling syrup and cook over low heat until tender. If you pasteurize the jam, then for 1 kg of prepared fruits you need 1.5 kg of sugar and 300 ml of water. The jam turns out to be unusually aromatic, pleasant sweet-sour (reminiscent of pineapple) taste, yellow and solidifies like jelly.
And I also sugar the fruit. I wash, grind, sprinkle with sugar. Then I put it in sterilized jars, cover it with nylon lids and store it in the refrigerator. Simple and delicious.
Japanese quince syrup
Syrup is an excellent product of chaenomeles processing. I take about 1 kg of fruits, peel, cut into pieces, put them in a jar. In the course of this event, I add sugar. It turns out about 1: 1 by volume, and I close it with a nylon lid. In 10-15 days, the syrup is ready. I pour it into a separate container, and cook compote or jam from the slices.
Juice from Japanese chaenomeles
Now - juice. I knead the fruits, remove the seeds. I get juice with the help of a juicer. I store it in 1 liter glass jars with nylon or screw caps in the refrigerator. I drink juice, adding sugar to it or mixing it into compote or other juices. Where there are all sorts of lemonades!
Juice and syrup can be used to blend or make homemade wine.
The spicy seasoning turns out very tasty, which my mother makes like this: she takes 3 kg of fruits, cuts, cooks for 5 minutes. in boiling water; wipes through a metal sieve or colander and put on fire. When the mass boils, pour finely chopped vegetables into it: 300 g of garlic, 0.5 kg of sweet pepper, 3 hot pepper pods, 300 g of cilantro and 300 g of any other greens, salt and sugar to taste. All this mixes, boils for 10 minutes. and puts it in the banks. Stores in the refrigerator.
I would also like to add that during canning, the specific aroma and fragrance of the chaenomeles fruits are preserved. By adding them to compotes or jam from pears, apples, chokeberry (chokeberry), you can significantly improve the taste and aroma of the latter. Personally, I especially like this "refined" apple jam.
So, the summary: harsh, one might say extreme conditions, this plant can withstand; there are no special complaints about the soils; there is no frequency of fruiting; as a result, you can always have a guaranteed supply of vitamins for the whole winter; reproduces easily and naturally; leaving is minimal and not burdensome - feed it a couple of times a season, and water it three or four times (if there is no rain). Well, and still cut and harvest the harvest. I personally do not know the pests and diseases of chaenomeles. In short, a miracle fruit, tested by time and adversity!
Special opinion:
You shouldn't regret!
More than once I had to hear from familiar summer residents: they say, what a pity that ripe quince fruits are difficult to store for a long time - they are both tender and keeping quality is so-so. Well, I won't argue with the fact that they are fragile, because even a small dent from a blow can very quickly turn into a "bruise", and there will already be rot.
But you still have to try to chop up the entire crop! I personally collect the picked fruits in a shallow wicker basket so that they are less exposed to any mechanical stress, because when crawling up and down the stairs during harvesting, every now and then you accidentally push the container. And I have very little battered quince.
Growing chaenomeles - personal experience
The Japanese quince is exactly what the genomelis is called in the genus. By the way, many experts strongly disagree with this popular name. The connoisseur, of course, will immediately enter into a dispute and begin to assert that this plant is also in China, and will remember the henomeles of Catayan. But this species is unlikely to be able to withstand the Russian winter, and therefore even in the Central region to grow it: do not try.
We have Japanese chaenomeles and Mauleia chaenomeles. They are similar to each other, only the first is a shrub of the Rosaceae family with a taller growth (up to 3 m), the second is lower (0.7-1.5 m).
Both handsome and useful!
Chaenomeles are very decorative, often used to create hedges, groups and trellises. And also Japanese quince is a good honey plant. Its fruits are amber-yellow or yellowish-green, similar to oblong apples (3-5 cm in diameter), sometimes ripen with an appetizing pink barrel at the end of September. Vitamin C in them is 5 times more than in lemon. But we don't recommend eating chaenomeles raw - sour! Delicious jams and compotes are prepared from it, syrups, jellies, marmalade and liqueurs are made.
I grow Japanese chaenomeles in my garden, which is pleasing to the eye from early spring to late autumn. Chaenomeles is photophilous, relatively winter-hardy (it is better to choose places for it where a lot of snow accumulates). In ordinary winters, only the ends of immature shoots freeze slightly.
In general, growing chaenomeles is not a troublesome business. It is a small, sprawling, slow-growing shrub with flexible, upward-directed shoots. Japanese quince leaves are wide, shiny, dark green. Scarlet flowers up to 3.5 cm in diameter, arranged in groups of 2-6 pieces on the shoots of the previous year. Japanese quince is distinguished by its long flowering, which occurs in June. Almost not affected by diseases.
Propagated by seeds, green cuttings, root suckers, dividing the bush and layering.
If you decide to propagate chaenomeles by seeds, then during spring sowing, a three-month advance stratification will be required - placing the seeds for a while (from 1 to 8 months) in a humid cold environment,
Vegetative method — cuttings (in June) and grafting on common quince or pear (in spring).
Chaenomeles seeds and saplings can be bought at the garden center or ordered from online stores. I planted my shrub using a vegetative method and I got it.
Chaenomeles is best preserved in arbitrary proportions with other fruits and vegetables, for example, apples, peaches, hard pears, pumpkins, zucchini. Prepared chopped fruits and vegetables are poured with syrup (500 g of sugar per 1 liter of water) and sterilized at a temperature of 85 ° C (liter jars, 13-15 minutes).
1 kg of apples, 300-400 g of chaenomeles, 1 kg of sugar, 1.5 glasses of water. Apples and chaenomeles are washed, cut into slices, without peeling. Pour in water and boil until softened. Rub through a sieve or colander. The resulting puree is brought to a boil, sugar is added and cooked until cooked in one go. When the trail left by a spoon in the middle of the mass stops merging, the hot jam is laid out in jars. Refrigerate and close with tight lids.
Masks for oily and porous skin
The fruits are rubbed on a fine grater, poured with vodka, half diluted with water. Insist for a week, occasionally shaking the container. They are filtering. Moisten a napkin in a liquid and put it on your face. After 15-20 minutes, they are removed, and the face is rinsed with warm water.
Beat chicken protein and add 1 teaspoon of fresh henome forest juice to it. The resulting mixture is applied to the face and after 20 minutes washed off with warm water.
Plant chaenomeles in your home, give it a little attention, and it will delight you with its beautiful flowering and healthy fruits.
Japanese quince: beauty, aroma, taste and benefits
I met Japanese quince at an abandoned dacha. One spring my husband and I went to visit. Driving past an abandoned cottage, I noticed beautifully flowering bushes. She asked her husband to stop to consider what kind of beauty there is that you can admire from the road?
It was easy to get into the abandoned cottage, as the fence rotted and fell. Coming closer to the bushes, I was simply amazed at their extraordinary flowering. All the branches were strewn with elegant flowers of orange, red, pink and white color, it was impossible to look away from them. How can one abandon such beauty ?!
I didn’t know then that it was Japanese quince (henomeles). I didn’t know that she was not only beautiful, but also very useful. But these bushes sunk into my soul. The second time I visited them was in the middle of summer. By that time, they were overgrown with grass, and they were no longer visible from the road. I was even worried if they were alive? Alive. Small green apples appeared on the branches. I weeded the grass around them, and I picked some grass nearby and put everything under the bushes. Cut out the bottom dry branches. Summer turned out to be without rain, so I covered the ground around them with grass in order to somehow keep the moisture.
The third time I visited the bushes I loved at the end of September. And I discovered that a path was trodden in the grass to my favorites. Yeah, it means that other guests came to the elegant bushes, besides me. Have you offended them? No, you didn't. The apples are already ripe and turn yellow. Someone had collected them, but some were still hanging here and there on twigs.
I collected them. When I plucked, such a scent emanated from them, well, just a miracle! I was afraid to taste the taste, because at that time I still did not know what kind of fruit it was. I showed it to my brother Vladimir Nikolaevich, and he said: “It's a Japanese quince! I gave you her seeds to plant in your dacha. " And then I remembered: indeed, once I planted something along the fence and forgot. Apparently, then I just did not understand what kind of plant it was, somehow I didn’t feel it.
Then my brother picked up a whole bucket of yellow sweet apples at his dacha and gave it to me. He also gave recipes for making jam, juice, compotes, etc. Then I realized how lovely this quince is!
Fragrant apples
The seeds planted along the fence sprouted and small bushes grew. I realized that I offended them, undeservedly ignored them. Transplanted to a sunny place. And from those apples that I picked at an abandoned dacha, I collected seeds and planted them before winter last fall. I also want to grow a few bushes, because chaenomeles is really a wonderful fruit.
Several beautiful varieties of chaenomeles - description and photo
Chaenomeles excellent "Cameo" (Chaenomeles x superba)
Description. This variety of hybrid origin was obtained from x. excellent. Several varieties have been bred from this species by Dutch and American breeders. In Russia, they are still poorly studied, although the "Cameo" variety can be found more and more often in our gardens, and it behaves with dignity in our country. This is a short shrub (1.5 m). He has terry flowers of stunning color: delicate peach with a cream strip along the edge of the petals. Blooms in May, before leaves appear. Flowers do not bloom at the same time, so flowering can take almost a month. The leaves are elongated, deep green, shiny, with a delicate reddish-bronze tint when blooming. Forms fruits similar to apples (up to 5 cm), at first they are green, later they turn light yellow. Agrotechnics. Needs a light or slightly shaded area. Prefers light, fresh, nutritious soil. In the middle lane it winters with varying success - flower buds can freeze slightly, and then in spring they bloom only in the lower part of the bush, which was under the snow.
Reproduction. Cuttings or layering. Usage. It is used in group and single plantings, as well as in mixborders.
ChaenomelesJapanese"Red Joy" (Chaenomeles japonica)
Description. This variety originated from x. Japanese (perhaps the most stable of all chaenomeles). It grows in height up to 1.6 m. It is a densely leafy, branching shrub with a wide rounded crown. Its flowers are dark red, semi-double, rather large with a beautiful, slightly pearlescent tint. Blossom in late April - early May, before foliage appears. The flowering is abundant and lush. The leaves are small, glossy, slightly curled. Does not tie fruit. Agrotechnics. Chaenomeles is a rather unpretentious shrub, but it grows and develops best in sunny areas, although it also tolerates light partial shade, with fertile soil, well moisturized, but without stagnant water. In the conditions of central Russia, it winters well, although in especially severe winters it can freeze slightly, but only flower buds suffer.
Reproduction. Chaenomeles are propagated in June by green cuttings.
Usage. This vibrant variety can be used in a wide variety of decoration types. The plant produces excellent low curbs that attract the eye in early spring. It's a good idea to plant chaenomeles in small groups against the backdrop of a lawn. And also make out the background of the mixborder with their help.
Chaenomelesexcellent"Crimson and Gold" (Chaenomeles x superba)
Description. This variety originated from x. excellent. Unlike most other varieties obtained from this species, "Crimson and Gold" has been tested in the conditions of central Russia and has proven itself well. It is a short bush (1 - 1.2 m) with rich green medium-sized leaves. When blooming, they have a reddish tint, and in the fall they acquire a golden yellow color. The flowers are not very large, up to 3 cm, but extremely showy, bright red, with well-defined golden stamens. Blossom in May. Forms fruits that ripen at the end of September. They are edible, but not very tasty.
Agrotechnics. Chaenomeles is undemanding, but he is able to reveal all his advantages to the fullest only in a suitable area for him and with a little care. It grows well in the sun or in light partial shade. Prefers light, well-moistened, fertile soils. It is frost-hardy, although it can freeze slightly in especially harsh winters, but it quickly recovers. Reproduction. Propagated by cuttings, root suckers and layering. Usage. This stable ornamental shrub looks good in single and group plantings.
Chaenomeles Toyo-Nishiki (Chaenomeles)
Description. A beautiful variety of hybrid origin. It reaches a height of 1.5 m. The flowers are semi-double, rather large, similar to the flowers of an apple tree, cream, and sometimes almost white in the central part. The outer side of the petals is pink, sometimes their inner part also becomes pink. In some specimens, both snow-white and pale pink petals are found in one flower. Blossom in mid-May, flowering lasts about two weeks. Agrotechnics. Chaenomeles needs regular feeding. During the season, it is better to feed him three times: the first - in early spring, with nitrogen fertilizers; the second - after flowering, phosphorus-potassium; at the end of summer, repeat feeding with phosphorus and potassium. It is also useful to mulch the near-stem circles - so the plant does not overheat, and moisture in the soil remains, and the soil itself remains loose. You can prune chaenomeles once every 5-6 years, removing only poorly developed, as well as diseased, broken and thickening shoots. Reproduction. Propagated by green cuttings and layering.
Usage. Early flowering chaenomeles looks great with other spring shrubs - low almonds and three-lobed almonds, forsythia, spireas, and Mahonia.
Japanese beauty invites to tea
We can already call such plants as Japanese quince our own, since they have been cultivated in our zone for more than a dozen years. During this period, they have fully acclimatized, adapted to our conditions and feel great.
To make her feel sour
With natural growth, this is a thermophilic shrub, which, however, is able to withstand a harsh winter with temperatures up to 30 degrees below zero without freezing the buds.
Ive, or. in another way, chanomele-su, a well-lit place, moderately moist soil with a high humus content, but always with an acidic or slightly acidic reaction, as for blueberries, is required. Some gardeners make the mistake of adding ash, lime or dolomite flour to the planting hole. If this circumstance is not taken into account, then the plant will grow poorly and practically not bear fruit. To acidify the soil, you can use table vinegar diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. It is better to mulch with sour peat, sawdust, pine needles.
From the bush - a tree
If only one of the strongest and most vertically growing shoots is left on the bush, then a chaenomeles can be formed in the form of a tree. It is desirable that it is not thickened, so only 5-7 branches should be left on it. If necessary, the trunk can be propped up with a support.
You can propagate "Japanese" by seeds, but this is a rather lengthy process, so it is best to use root shoots, which are usually abundant.
Quince blooms from late April to mid-May, and in some years and all of May. The flowers are most often red in color and give off a pleasant aroma, attracting bees and bumblebees. During this period, the plant, especially if it is in the standard form, greatly adorns the garden.
Fruit time
Care consists in removing weeds and overgrowth, watering in dry weather, mulching. In the middle of summer, there is a slight fall of underdeveloped fruits. Ripening of the remaining ones begins at the beginning of autumn 8, the color of the fruits is golden. They can be removed selectively as they mature.
From one tree I gather at least 50 fruits with an average weight of 20-25 g. They contain a lot of nutrients and essential oils (taste and aroma are from them). But the main value is in the high content of vitamin C.
It should be added that whole fruits are so sour that it is simply impossible to eat them. The following application of henomeles has been found in our family. Wash the ripe fruits, dry them, cut them into slices, sprinkle them with sugar, put them in glass jars and put them in the refrigerator. After a few days, juice is released, we drain it, and add sugar to the cut fruits.
Quince vs lemon
What's next? Once the guests, and there were five of them, were offered to taste tea. The tea leaves in the same amount were poured into 10 cups, 5 of which were filled with a slice of sugared quince, and the rest were filled with lemon slices. They poured boiling water over, after three minutes they removed the pieces of fruit and served imperceptibly marked cups to the guests. So: four "tasters" noted that tea with quince was more aromatic and tasty, and one did not see any difference. This means that the victory remained with Chaenomeles with a score of 4.5: 0.5.
This fruit culture is also supported by the fact that it is used in the same place where it is grown, which cannot be said about lemon, which, before getting to our table, “travels” for a long time somewhere.
Japanese beauty
Connoisseurs of beauty, masters of winter harvesting, and novice summer residents will be pleased with Japanese quince.
My son and I began to develop our 6 acres in 1987, when he was 16 years old, and I was 46. In the first summer, I had to uproot 60 stumps. In fact, they didn't do anything else: there was neither time nor energy. But we spent the winter sawing and splitting these stumps. Now I am 75 years old, my son is no longer alive, my wife died even earlier, so now I have to deal with the dacha farming alone. Over the past years, considerable experience has been accumulated in the cultivation of horticultural crops, including the Japanese quince, which I want to tell you about.
When I first saw this plant in the spring, about 30 years ago, near the house in the city where we then lived, I was struck by its bright scarlet flowers, densely clung to the branches. It was such a beautiful and unusual sight that every time I passed by, I stopped and admired. At the same time, I did not even know what this culture was called.
He began to delve into the literature and found out that this is the Japanese quince, or, scientifically, chaenomeles. From that moment on, he was eager to land her on his site. And several chaenomeles bushes became the first pets in the garden. Until now, about 10 bushes grow on my site, and every spring in May they delight the eye with their flowering. I think that a more decorative garden culture still needs to be looked for.
During this time, it was necessary to transplant the bushes from place to place several times, which was associated with the redevelopment of the site and with the construction of a house and a bath.
From my own experience, I will say that replanting empty adults is quite difficult because of the long central roots that go to great depths. This should be borne in mind by anyone interested in chaenomeles.
About 10 years ago, I collected seeds from the bushes and planted them in the autumn in the front garden in one row. Germination turned out to be very good: about a year later, there were already 20 vigorous sprouts in front of the house. I planted some of them on the site, and presented some of them to my friends. At the same time, one could notice some differences in the fruits of the plants: some were yellow, others were yellow-red.
Japanese quince bushes grow well in open sunny areas, develop poorly in the shade: they bloom poorly and do not bear fruit. They do not require special care, they grow, as they say, by themselves. In frosty winters, the ends of the branches can freeze, so I always cover the bushes with a layer of snow, especially since this is completely easy to do, since they are undersized and rarely grow to a height of more than 0.5 m.
I harvest in late August - early September.
It is possible, of course, later, but I don’t really trust the weather now. In any case, the deadline for collection is before the first frost, since they instantly destroy the berries. And from the berries you get wonderful jam (it tastes like rhubarb) and compote. You just need to keep in mind that, since the fruits are rather sour, sugar consumption will be one and a half times more than usual. In addition, they are also very hard (especially compared to the fruits of a “simple” ripe quince), so you have to use force when cutting the fruit and removing the seeds, which take up to half the volume of the berries.
I address these brief practical remarks to those gardeners who are just beginning to develop their plots and select plants for planting.
Henomeles Japanese - planting and care: video
★ RUB 21.91 : How to grow chaenomeles - tips ... Japanese quince is widely used as a landscape culture. She has a compact size and a lush crown of green leaves, similar to those of apple trees. Large inflorescences, which are colored red and cover the bush in abundance, give the plants a special decorative effect. Medium-sized lemon-yellow fruits in fresh form can be consumed only by the most desperate, since they are very sour, but very useful. What are the beneficial properties of Japanese quince, and for what diseases is it recommended to eat shaggy yellow fruits?
In the scientific literature, the culture is known as "chaenomeles", and gardeners who successfully cultivate quince on their plots call it "northern" for its sour taste.
What substances are contained in fruits?
"Small, but daring" - so you can say about. It cannot boast of large size (the weight of one fruit rarely exceeds 50 g), but there are many useful substances in it. Among them deserve special attention:
- vitamin C (its amount exceeds even citrus fruits such as lemon);
- vitamins of group B, as well as E and PP;
- tannins, which impart an astringent taste to the fruit;
- pectins;
- potassium;
- iron (exceeds the daily rate for a person several times);
- cobalt;
- copper;
- magnesium;
- mineral salts;
- cellulose;
- essential oils.
What is the benefit?
Oddly enough, but sour fruits have a beneficial effect on the stomach and digestion in general. They help to eliminate inflammatory processes, and in case of poisoning, they remove toxins and protect the mucous membrane from their absorption. It is especially useful to eat quince with anemia to increase hemoglobin. It is no less important for the cardiovascular system, normalizing its work.
Fresh fruits are advised to be included in the diet of children and pregnant women, since these two categories have an increased need for iron.
Chaenomeles will be beneficial and, in complex therapy, will help get rid of diseases such as:
- hepatic;
- renal;
- colds;
- gastrointestinal;
- bronchitis;
- nervous exhaustion.
Restrictions
In general, there are no direct contraindications to the use of quince, both for food and for medicinal purposes. However, care should be taken when introducing fruit into the diet of young children. Excessive enthusiasm for quince can lead to constipation, as well as "off-scale" hemoglobin indicators. A similar effect is observed in women in an interesting position, so you definitely don't need to eat quince in kilograms. And one more nuance: when using seeds for the preparation of medicinal broths, they cannot be crushed because of the amygdalin poison that is part of the poison.
On your own garden plot, of course, you just want to plant some really unusual plant, which, with its exoticism, will bring a completely new shade to the site. However, it is difficult to find a truly unusual plant that will look harmonious in the garden and will be quite original. Perhaps chaenomeles will take on the desired role.
What kind of plant is this, chaenomeles? This culture is an exotic shrub that blooms with bright red flowers, after which yellow, lemon-like fruits appear on the culture. Unlike most similar exotics, the chaenomeles fruits can be eaten.
Chaenomeles is not only an amazingly beautiful culture, but also a beneficial plant for the garden, which can grow quite well even on rocky slopes. The culture is absolutely not demanding on the soil and can grow on almost any land.
In general, the plant will not only decorate your garden, but it can also act as a hedge, albeit very low. Such a hedge is most often used by landscape designers to highlight borders. Regarding the decoration of the site with chaenomeles, we can only say that the plant looks great both as a tapeworm and in group compositions. In such compositions, together with the plant, it is advised to plant crops such as heather, mahonia, forsythia.
The plant is also useful for its fruits. Due to the similarity of the fruits, chaenomeles is even often called the Japanese quince. The fruits have a specific taste, so they will seem to the amateur in their raw form. But in the form of jam, jam or syrup, the fruits of chaenomeles are great for food.
Growing chaenomeles
As for the planting site, sunny, wind-protected areas with fertile, drained soil are optimal for growing chaenomeles. The plant develops best on loamy and sod-podzolic soils, but again, it is worth repeating that the culture takes root well on frankly poor soils, including even on stony slopes. But the shady areas are definitely not suitable for chaenomeles. With all this, it is advisable to choose a place for a plant thoroughly, since the culture does not tolerate a transplant well.
In general, first of all, caring for chaenomeles consists in rather rare watering. Usually, one watering every 30 days is enough for a plant, although in the summer heat it is advisable to water the crop once a week. Also, the plant will not refuse from the spring feeding with mineral fertilizers, before flowering, you can make nitrogen fertilizing, and after flowering - phosphorus and potash. The plant can also do without fertilizing, but in this case, you should not count on lush and long flowering.
What really should be the primary support for the plant is pruning. In early spring, frozen shoots should be removed, and the crown will need to be thinned out after flowering. Of course, you should not run the soil around the plant - remove the weeds in time, loosen the soil, you can also take care of mulching, which will only benefit the shrub.
As for the fight against diseases and pests, first of all, of the pests, chaenomeles can affect aphids, caterpillars, the codling moth, and from diseases - brown rot of fruits and white leaf spot. To combat diseases and pests, spraying with insecticides or special decoctions is used.
If you want to decorate your plot with an original plant that requires almost no maintenance and produces unusual fruits, then by all means plant chaenomeles. This is an amazing culture that looks exotic in the garden and requires almost no attention. The plant will help decorate those parts of the garden where other crops grow poorly.
V. Kostenko
Description: 4 species are known in this genus, found in China and Japan. Most often these are deciduous or semi-evergreen flowering shrubs, which have thorns on the branches. Dark green shiny leaves are arranged alternately. Large brick-red or orange single flowers are especially effective. The fruits are like apples. They sit tightly on the branches.
First trials of species of the genus Chaenomeles Lindl. in the open ground of the botanical garden of St. Petersburg were undertaken in the second half of the 19th century, but were unsuccessful. C. japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach (= C. var.alpina Maxim., C maulei (Mast.) Lavall., C. m. Var.alpina Maxim.) In 1857-1873-? biennium grown in a potted arboretum, in 1869-1873. in greenhouses, in 1865-1867 - in the open field. Garden forms C. speciosa (Sweet) Nakai (= C. lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidz.) Are mentioned once in the directories: " Sarmentosa"(1874-1879)," Rosea "(1847)," Simonii"(1883) and others. The dendrologists of the Garden started to test the species of this genus in the middle of the 20th century. The exact time of appearance in the collection of open ground C. japonica, C. speciosa, C. cathayensis (Hemsl.) C.K. Schneid. (= С sinensis Koehne, Cydonia cathayensis Hemsl.) It is difficult to establish, but no doubt the plants of these species began to be grown in the nursery until 1940, since at the end of the 40s. they were considered "old" plantings, leaving them as mother plants. Some of the plants were planted in potted arboretum nurseries. Some specimens from these landings were not identified until the mid-60s.
So, C. japonica from 1901 to 1941 she was kept in a potted arboretum, from where in August 1940 she was planted in nursery II (1865-1867, until 1940-2005). C. cathayensis(before 1940-1963- ?, 1977-1981, 1986-1995; 1937-1941 - potted arb.), C. speciosa(until 1940-2005), " Umbellata"(until 1940-1963; 1913 - potted arb.)," Rosea" (1847, 1951-1963), "Simonii "(1883, 1983-2005). In 1952, the collection appeared C. x superba (Frahm.) Rehdcr (C. japonicax C. lagenaria) (1952-1967).
According to A. Raeder (1949), C. japonica was introduced into cultivation in 1874, in the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden this species appeared in the open field in 1865, in a potted arboretum in 1857.
In culture, chaenomeles grows best on fertile soils, in open sunny places, responsive to watering, especially in dry, hot summers. With good care, plants can live from 60 to 80 years in one place. Chaenomeles is propagated by seeds (freshly harvested in autumn, stratified in spring), summer cuttings, dividing the bush, layering.
In amateur gardening in Russia, the most widespread is Japanese chaenomeles, or Japanese quince, hybrids and varieties.
| Chaenomeles japanese, or japonica- Ch. japonica (Thunb.) Spach
China. Photophilous mesophyte, mesotroph. It is widely cultivated in botanical gardens in Europe and North America, and is also used in urban greening. Densely leafy shrub about 3 m high, with a dense crown up to 3 m. Young leaves are bronze in color, while mature leaves turn dark green. The flowers are large, 5 cm in diameter, scarlet-red, collected in shields of 2 - 6. In the temperate zone of Russia it blooms in May, before the leaves open. The buds do not open at the same time, and the flowering time stretches for 3 - 4 weeks. The first flowering of plants grown from seeds is observed at the 3rd - 4th year of life. Edible fruits, round, up to 6 cm in diameter, yellow-green, ripen in late September - October. In GBS since 1952, 6 samples (83 copies) were grown from seeds obtained from LSOS, Chisinau and GBS reproduction. At 34, height 1.85 m, crown diameter 200 cm. The plant grows from early May to mid-October. The growth rate is high. It blooms in the third decade of May and early June. The fruits ripen in September. Seed germination rate is 45%. 100% of cuttings are rooted when treated with 0.01% IMC solution for 24 hours. Japanese chaenomeles grows rather slowly, the annual growth is 3 - 5 cm. Photophilous, but tolerates light shading. It grows better in fresh, fertile soils, tolerates drought and mowing well. It is frost-hardy, however, in severe winters with little snow, the ends of the shoots are damaged by frost. Flower buds located closer to the ground, as a rule, are not damaged, plants bloom and bear fruit annually. Propagated by seeds, root suckers, layering, cuttings. The great advantage of this plant is its early flowering. It can be used for single, group, curb and edge plantings, in hedges. It has been known in culture abroad since 1874. Particularly popular are decorative forms with different colors of flowers: from pure white to dark red, attractive white flowers with pink stripes or pink-bordered flowers, white and pink double forms, dark crimson double form, as well as varieties: " Papel"- yellow flowers with a pink border," Gaillardi"- salmon-orange flowers," Malardi"- pink flowers with a white border. Photo by Sofia Zhelezova |
 Henomeles Maulea, or Japanese quince low- Ch.maulei An ornamental shrub no more than 1 m in height, with strong arcuate curved shoots with spines up to 1 cm long. Delicate emerald green leaves are densely located on twigs. Brownish-red flowers, 2 - 3 cm in diameter, collected in inflorescences of 2 - 6 pieces. Flowering lasts 2-3 weeks. Fruiting begins at the age of 3-4 years. The fruits sit tightly on the branches and ripen in October, almost before the very frost. With their aroma, they resemble pineapple, have a pale yellow color. They weigh 30 -45 g, fruit diameter 3-5 cm. Usually ripen in bed. The homeland of this plant is Southeast Asia: the mountains of China and Japan. In culture since 1796. Several forms and hybrids are known. Among them - the alpine form - a dwarf thorny shrub about 50 cm high, the tricolor form - a dwarf shrub, on the leaves of which there are pink and white spots and stripes. The hybrid between Japanese quince and Japanese low quince enjoys special love among amateur gardeners abroad. The following varieties are widely cultivated in Europe: " Diamond"- shrub, 1.2 m high, growing slowly, bright red flowers, about 4 cm in diameter;" Holland"- strongly branched, slow-growing shrub up to 1.5 m high and the same width, salmon-red flowers, 4 - 4.5 cm in diameter, appear in May, fruits, like those of an apple tree, green, later - yellow;" Nikolina"- the height of the bush is about 1 m, the width is slightly more, the flowers are numerous, scarlet-red, about 5 cm in diameter, blooms profusely before the leaves open in April-May, the fruits are ovoid, yellow-green when ripe;" Nivalis"- a shrub with a height and crown diameter of about 2 m, flowers are pure white, up to 3 cm in diameter, open in May, again in August, fruits are round, up to 8 cm in diameter;" Vesuvius"- shrub up to 1 m high and crown diameter up to 1.5 m, red flowers up to 3 cm in diameter, appear in May to the leaves, fruits about 5 cm in diameter, yellow-green;" Pink Lady"- pink or dark pink flowers open in May, fruits are round, yellow-green, ripen in late autumn. All varieties deserve testing in the conditions of central Russia. Partial frosting of shoots and damage to flowers by late spring frosts and in severe winters is possible. However, light cover of young plants with lutrasil will save them from frost. Proper planting and care of seedlings will keep pets in the garden. Photo by Mikhail Polotnov |
 Quince beautiful- Ch. speciosa (Sweet) Nakai
Shrub 70 cm to 1 m high with thorny shoots and dense shiny bright green leaves up to 7.5 cm long, reddish when blooming, then bright green, and crimson in autumn. Blooms in May for 20 days with large red flowers that cover the branches. A light-loving shrub that grows well and blooms colorfully on light, organic-rich soils, but it also tolerates poorer soils with high acidity. Blooms at the age of five. There are many varieties and garden forms of this species with simple and double flowers of various colors, including: Ch. x superba (Frahm) Rehder} Also on the topic
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