How to make a well for sewerage. Sewer well for a private house

Is a sewer well built at a junction with a city sewer considered my property? sewer network? Can strangers cut into this well without my consent?

Lyudmila

Expert answer

Hello, Lyudmila.

The first thing you need to take care of is to make a request to utility company, which services the city sewer network, and find out whether the well you built is on the balance sheet of this organization. The fact is that even though privately constructed sewer lines, wells and other infrastructure facilities are recognized real estate according to Part 1 of Art. 130 Civil Code, city water utilities and other municipal enterprises often stipulate their ownership rights in contracts after several years of operation.

Having obtained from the water utility (or other organization that services the main line) confirmation of ownership of the sewer line in question, you have the right to go to court to receive compensation - on your side are Articles 209 and 304 of the Civil Code Russian Federation or force the defendant to dismantle illegal tapping according to Article 222 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

If during the construction of a private sewer system everything was done according to the law, then you should have in your hands technical specifications And technical project with all approvals and a certificate of inspection and approval of the sewerage system for further operation. The documentation must also indicate the sewer well, which is located at the point of connection to the citywide network. In addition, it would be nice if you kept receipts indicating the purchase of materials for its construction or a contract for excavation work and installation, if it was carried out by a contractor. All this will be needed to prove your ownership in court. But even if such documents have not survived, do not despair - in this case, witness testimony will also work.

The issue you raised is quite controversial and lies on the border of intersections of several types legal law. Therefore, we cannot exclude the possibility that you will have to defend your rights in the appellate court, and the litigation itself will drag on for many months. Therefore, in such cases, it is still better to come to an agreement with your neighbors and not bring the matter to trial.

To prevent the foundation of the house from collapsing due to the influence of moisture contained in the soil, it is imperative to make a drainage system. To save money, it is recommended to build a drainage well for sewage with your own hands or seek help from specialists.

What kind of drainage wells are there?

Drainage wells can be:

• rotary;
• examination rooms;
• collector;
• absorbent.

Features of rotary wells

As a rule, during the operation of the sewer system, contaminants arise, which often accumulate in perforated pipes. To clean them, you will need to install rotary wells. They are installed at pipe bends, with passage through one. This provides access to the inlet and outlet sections of the pipe.

Installation of a concrete drainage well

The size of such a structure will depend on whether human access to the well is required for the purpose of carrying out repairs. Thus, the approximate diameter of the well should be about one meter, only it will already be considered an inspection well.

Inspection type of wells

Drainage viewing structures are done to control the operation of the sewer system. This design is characterized by the large size of the shaft, that is, it must be of sufficient size for easy access for a person who will monitor the condition of the sewer. If necessary, repair and maintenance work will be carried out.

installation of a plastic drainage well

A structure of this type is designed to perform several actions at once; it can also be rotary, since it is also installed at the convergence of several pipes or at their turning point.

Absorption type of wells

These structures can also be called filtering structures, since they are most often installed in areas where there is a need to drain it, and there is no possibility of discharging currents into the general sewer system. In such cases, the depth of the wells will be approximately two meters.

To construct such a design, you must follow a certain technology:

• first, a hole of the required size is dug;
• a layer of crushed stone is placed on its bottom and a container is placed inside, it can be a pipe with a diameter of 50 cm;
• when this pipe is installed, they fill it with broken brick, crushed stone, slag or gravel of medium-sized fraction;
• gravel is sprinkled around this filled structure;
• thus, a good and high-quality drainage tank is obtained. It should be covered with geotextile material on top and a layer of earth should be laid. As a result of these actions, a structure is obtained with the help of which the natural drainage of wastewater into the ground is carried out.

working principle of an absorption drainage well

Collector wells

Such structures can also be called water intake structures, since this is the last compartment of a closed drainage system. In this well, water is collected and accumulated, which will later be pumped into a pre-prepared recess, ditch or artificial reservoir.

installation and selection of a collector well

Typically, such containers are constructed from ready-made sealed plastic wells, which are equipped with a waterproof bottom.

What materials may be required to construct a drainage structure?

Like pipes, drainage wells may differ in material and size. Most often, plastic or concrete is used to produce such structures:

• To implement the second option, concrete rings are used, the height and diameter of which can be different. The structure is installed in a pre-prepared hole, and the rings are carefully lowered using special equipment. In this case, the main advantage will be the strength and durability of the structure, while the disadvantage is the complexity of installation work;
• now plastic analogues are successfully replacing concrete wells, since they are easier and faster to install. Also, the advantages include low cost, low weight and the presence of all required outlets. Plastic drainage wells are not subject to corrosion damage and can successfully serve for at least 50 years. For high-quality and reliable pipe supply, use rubber seals, which remain airtight for decades. Since the use of a corrugated pipe is envisaged, the device will be securely fixed in the ground due to its stiffeners.

How to build a drainage tank?

Ready-made drainage structures for well construction are easy to install, reliable and good quality. The main disadvantage of ready-made wells is their high cost, in particular this applies to products with a diameter of 800-1000 mm. In order to economize cash, you can build such a structure yourself.

construction of a drainage reservoir

To make a drainage structure, you need to acquire corrugated pipes of the appropriate diameter:

• for the construction of inspection wells, a pipe diameter of 340 mm or 460 mm is suitable; this is quite enough to ensure manual cleaning of the sewer system using water pressure from a hose;
• to make a storage or filter tank, you will need pipes with a diameter of 575 or 695 mm;
• if there is a need to periodically penetrate the well to carry out repair and maintenance work, then you need to buy pipes with a diameter of 925 mm.

In addition to plastic corrugated pipes, you also need to buy rubber seals of a suitable diameter, a hatch and plastic for the bottom.

To save money, you can buy components separately.

During the assembly and installation of the storage structure, a certain sequence should be followed:

• holes are cut in the well for connecting pipes and installing rubber seals;
• The bottom of the well is installed. Experts recommend treating the bottom of the structure bitumen mastic, this will protect the bottom of the well from leaks;
• using crushed stone and sand, you need to make a base in a drainage ditch, after which it is filled with cement;
• installed on the prepared bottom finished design. To prevent the risk of leakage of the structure, it is recommended to coat the connection points drainage pipes bitumen mastic;
• the tank is filled with crushed stone and sand, after which the base for the hatch is compacted and laid. The hatch is placed in a pre-prepared cement frame.

The presence of a hatch is a prerequisite, since it is necessary for cleaning the drainage system. The service life of a structure directly depends on correct production and well installation.

Step-by-step construction of a well

When all the materials have already been purchased and prepared, you can begin installation work:

• First, the pipe must be cut to length, taking into account the depth of the drainage well.
• It is necessary to cut holes for connecting pipes, retreating 50 cm from the bottom edge of the pipe. Rubber cuffs are inserted into these holes.
• The bottom of the well is fixed, and the joint must be treated with a bitumen-based sealing compound.
• To install a well, you need to prepare a pit in advance, and pour cement mortar into the bottom.
• The structure can be installed only after the cement has completely hardened, after which drainage pipes are connected to it.
• The space formed between the walls of the pit and the structure must be filled with sand and gravel.
• A hatch is placed on top of the installed tank.

Features of installation of plastic wells

As a rule, ready-made plastic structures are not cheap, so you won’t be able to save much. The only thing you can do is buy individual elements required size and diameter yourself. So, you need to prepare:

• corrugated pipe of the appropriate diameter;
• plastic for bottom construction;
• rubber seals. To install a storage or filtration well, you will need a pipe with a diameter of 695 or 575 mm.

When installing a drainage well with your own hands, it is important to adhere to a certain algorithm:

• the corrugated pipe must be cut, taking into account the depth of the well. Next, you need to make holes in it for connecting perforated pipes, which are connected using rubber seals;
• A ditch is dug, at the bottom of which a layer of crushed stone and sand is laid. After this, the structure is poured cement mortar and covered with geotextile material;
• at the next stage, the bottom is installed, which is connected to the pipe, and the joining place must be treated with bitumen mastic;
• Now you can connect drainage pipes to the structure, and the joints should also be coated with a sealing compound;
• It is imperative to install a pump that will pump out the collected water;
• the resulting voids around the well must be filled with fine-grained crushed stone;
• on last stage The roof is being installed.

Let's sum it up

A necessary part of the drainage system is the drainage tank. It is installed in order to monitor the operation of the entire system, and it is also necessary to carry out repair and preventative measures.

To simplify the installation process, you can buy ready product, which will not be cheap, but if this is not possible, you can build it yourself. For this, plastic pipes or concrete rings of the required diameter are used.

In fact, building a drainage structure is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. It is enough to purchase necessary set details and adhere to a certain algorithm of actions.

When planning and building private houses, their owners make a lot of efforts to improve the comfort of their homes. Special attention pay attention to water supply and sewerage systems. It is important to design them correctly so that the house becomes cozy and all the needs of the residents are satisfied. To operate the wastewater disposal system, it is necessary to build different types of sewer wells. What are they? How to make a sewer well with your own hands?

• Observations. They are necessary for free access to communications. Structures of this type are installed in places where it is especially important to monitor the condition of sewer systems. These are areas where pipes of different diameters are connected; where the direction or slope of the pipeline changes. It is also necessary to have access to systems on too long straight sections of pipeline.
• Drops. Structures of this type must be built in areas where there are differences in pipe levels. Thanks to the differential well, the home owner can control the speed of movement of wastewater through the system; equalize the sewerage discharge with the water level if treated wastewater is discharged into a reservoir. This design is needed if the height of the difference exceeds 300 mm. If it is smaller, you can get by with a manhole.
• Rotary. Thanks to designs of this type, you can gain free access to sections of the pipeline where there are bends. In such areas there is always a high risk of pipe blockages and there is a need for enhanced monitoring.
• Filtration. The structures are designed for post-treatment Wastewater. They are installed only in areas with permeable soils - sandy or sandy loam. You should pay attention to the depth groundwater. The aquifer must be located at least 1 m below the structure. Otherwise, the wastewater is poorly filtered. An alternative to such structures is underground filter fields.
• Cumulative. Tanks of this type are improved cesspools. Their main advantage is environmental Safety. The structures are completely sealed. Accumulating in them, wastewater does not penetrate into the soil and aquifers. The downside is that the containers need to be pumped out regularly. It is necessary to correctly calculate the volume of the tank in order to contact sewer services as little as possible.

Operating sewer well

Design diagram of a sewer inspection well

What materials can be used

To make a sewer well in a private house, you can use concrete, reinforced concrete, wood, and plastic. Two the best option- build with your own hands from concrete rings or buy and install a plastic structure industrial production. Plastic structures are factory-made. They are easy to install, but are inferior to concrete rings in many respects. To make a choice, it is worth understanding the features of both types of devices.

Plastic sewer wells

What are the benefits of plastic structures?

Until recently, plastic was rarely used in systems external sewerage. The reason is low frost resistance. The structures burst in severe frosts and began to leak. This problem has now been resolved. New varieties have appeared polymer materials, capable of operating in a temperature range from +70 to -50 degrees Celsius.

Manufacturers have taken care of producing models of various diameters, so the home owner only has to calculate the required volume and select the product suitable size. Plastic blanks are much lighter than concrete rings. To properly make a well for sewerage, it is enough to mount a tank. This can be done even alone.

Plastic products are absolutely impervious to water, perfectly withstand exposure to chemicals, and do not rust. All these are absolute advantages. But there are also enough disadvantages. The material does not cope well with mechanical loads, so it may not withstand soil pressure. Structures cannot be installed in places where vehicles can pass. In terms of durability, they are significantly inferior to concrete ones.

Concrete rings - reliability and durability

If we compare the characteristics of strength, reliability, durability of concrete and plastic structures, then the conclusions are obvious. Tanks made from concrete rings can last for several decades. If problems occur, wells can be repaired. In this regard, plastic cannot compare with concrete.

In some respects, concrete rings are still inferior to plastic. They are much more expensive, but this is not the only drawback. To build a sewer well from them yourself, you have to put in a lot of effort. The structures are very heavy and can sag under their own weight. Special tools will be required for installation.

When choosing, it is important to find products made from high-quality, water-resistant material. You will also have to spend additional money on good waterproofing joints Otherwise, the structure will begin to leak. Contaminated water will flow into the soil, and water from the surface may seep into the well itself.

Concrete rings come in different sizes. When calculating the volume of the tank, it is worth considering that optimal height structures - 2.5 m. Most often, wells are made from products of types KTs-10, KTs-20. There are no rings standard sizes, but finding them may be difficult.

For ease of installation, many products are equipped with the so-called. locks, thanks to which you can install them without displacement. The more accurately the rings are fitted to each other, the tighter, stronger, and more reliable the finished structure is.

Diagram: dimensions of concrete rings

How to make a sewer well with your own hands

How to make a sewer well? When choosing the type of construction, consider the volume of wastewater. If their quantity does not exceed 1 cubic meter. per day, then the structure may have an outlet for wastewater into the soil. Bacteria living in the soil are quite capable of processing small amounts of organic matter.

If the wastewater is more than 1 cubic meter. or they contain aggressive chemical substances from detergents, washing powders, etc., then the structure must either be completely sealed or have a contaminated water purification system. In this case it makes sense to choose plastic container, and the concrete will have to be carefully waterproofed.

Structures with a filter bottom are often made. They are suitable for chemical-free wastewater. The waste passing through the filters is so cleaned that there are no problems with its further decomposition. The depth of such a well depends on the permeability of the soil and the groundwater level. If an inspection, junction, differential or rotary sewer well is planned, it must be sealed.

Scheme of a well with a filter bottom

Requirements for the construction of wells for sewerage

The size of the structure depends primarily on its purpose. If we're talking about about a storage facility, the larger it is, the less often you will have to call sewer trucks. On the other hand, too a large number of drainage can cause an unpleasant odor in the area.

The standard rate used when calculating volume is 150-200 liters of water per person per day. However, water consumption often significantly exceeds these figures. For example, in houses where many plumbing fixtures and Appliances using water, consumption can be 240-250 liters per day per person.

To determine the desired volume, 200-240 liters (depending on consumption) are multiplied by the number of people living in the house. The result will show average consumption water for all residents per day. It should be multiplied by 3. This will be the optimal volume of the well. Next, the height of the structure is calculated taking into account the standard sizes of the rings.

Sewage well layout

Stages of construction of sewer wells

• Excavation. How to dig a sewer well - open or in a closed way? Since the structure is shallow, the first method is preferable: first they dig a hole of the required depth, and then install rings into it. Even if the soil is loose, it is not necessary to resort to complex technologies; it is enough to install temporary formwork to strengthen the walls.

The closed method is used less frequently. In this case, prepare a hole for one ring and install it. Then they continue to remove the soil. The ring gradually lowers. When it is at a sufficient depth, the next one is mounted on it and work continues.

• Bottom of the structure. First, they equip the mounting pad - fill the bottom of the pit with crushed stone. The layer must be at least 40 cm. Bulk material compacted, a finished concrete bottom of the structure or slab is installed on top. If the structure must be completely sealed, then only an industrially produced bottom, made specifically for rings of the required diameter, is suitable.
• Construction of walls. The rings are installed on cement-sand mortar. It is important to mount them exactly on top of each other. When the solution dries, the seams and joints are waterproofed. The well is connected to the sewer system, and the pipe entry points are also sealed.
• Completion of work. Lastly, install the cover with the hatch and insulate it. Install ventilation pipe. It should rise above the ground surface by at least 60 cm.

Important! Please pay attention increased attention ventilation system. The decomposition of organic matter produces an explosive gas. It is necessary to ensure that it does not accumulate in the tank. This can lead to negative consequences.

Stages of making a well from concrete rings

Video: how to make a well for sewerage

How to make a well for sewerage and what it should be like is determined by each home owner for himself. The article provides general recommendations on the arrangement of the structure. If you are not confident that you can do everything yourself, contact a specialist. In almost every area there are companies engaged in the design and installation of sewerage systems. If you do not have the necessary skills, it is better not to experiment and contact such a company.

It’s not so often that you have to build a sewer well with your own hands. As a rule, this is required when building a new country house or dachas. To make your life more comfortable, of course, you need to install a sewer system. It may seem like a complicated process, but essentially, building a sewer system won't take you too much time if you follow the tips noted in this article.

Let's figure out how to make a sewer well with your own hands. First you need to decide how exactly you will make this element of the sewer system. Of course, the simplest option would be to entrust this task to professional builders, but not everyone can afford such expensive services, especially since you can make sewer wells with your own hands.

Types of wells

First, let's look at what they are.

• Control or inspection rooms, which are located on straight sections and allow you to monitor the situation in the sewer network;
• Rotary, which are installed at the turning point sewer pipes when it cannot be avoided. Pipe bends are very vulnerable to blockages. Using it will avoid problems.
• Nodal. Installed on wiring and nodes.
• Drops. They are installed if, due to the features of the landscape, there is a strong difference between the levels of the pipes.
• Filtration and storage. They are the end of the sewer system and serve to accumulate and treat wastewater.

Wells can be the most various forms, however, the simplest and most standard are round and rectangular, since they are the easiest to install.

Location determination

One of the key problems when creating a project and installing a sewerage system is determining the location. In resolving this issue, you should be guided not only by your personal wishes, but also sanitary standards. Of course, if you use the services of a professional, you won't have to worry about this. But if you are constructing sewer wells yourself, then you need to carefully study SNiP:

• First, you need to decide on the place where the sewer pipe will exit the basement or basement of the house in order to decide which side is best to place the sewer well.

Advice! The location of the storage or filtration sewer well must be such that a sludge pump can easily approach it to pump out wastewater. That is, it is necessary to provide convenient access roads.

• If you are making sewer wells, you must know SNiP. The distance between two inspection wells on the site should not exceed 15 meters, and the distance from the first of them to the house should be at least 3 meters and no more than 12 meters. It is important to remove the filtration sewer well as far as possible from the well from which you collect water for drinking. The distance must be at least 30 meters. Otherwise, drinking water may become contaminated.
• Also, elements of sewer wells include sewer pipes running through your site. In the interval between the pipe exiting the house and the sewer well, there should be no turns of pipes without turning wells. Otherwise, waste may stagnate in the pipes.

Advice! The diagram must be drawn up taking into account all the noted nuances. Otherwise, the sewer system will not be able to function properly and you will not achieve clean air and desired comfort in a country house.

Determining the dimensions of the well

If we are talking about what size requirements exist for sewer wells, then the size will depend on its type. When building a storage tank, the larger the size, the better, because you will have to clean out the well and call a suction pump much less often.

However, the larger it is, the more impurities it contains. And the more time and effort you will need to clean the well. There is a general formula that allows you to calculate the approximate volume of storage and filtration wells.

Advice! The presented formula is simplified. Water flow rates and, therefore, volumes will depend on specific conditions and consumption patterns.

• On average, one person produces about 150 liters of wastewater per day.
• A family of 3-4 people will need about 700 liters per day. But this does not take into account frequent use household appliances consuming water.

• The volume must be calculated taking into account three-day consumption, that is minimum size in this case it is 2.4 cubic meters.

Advice! If you are often visited by guests, they also need to be taken into account when calculating the volume of the well. In addition, it should be noted that wastewater should not rise higher than one meter from the edge. Otherwise, the wastewater may overflow. Therefore, when calculating volumes, you should focus on the maximum possible option.

The dimensions of rotary, nodal and inspection wells will be significantly smaller. The volume of the differential will depend on the level of the differential. The greater the difference in the landscape, the deeper it will be, but it is not recommended to go deeper than 3 meters, as this will complicate its cleaning.

Sanitary standards

When deciding whether to make a well sealed, or to leave the possibility of wastewater exiting directly into the ground, it is necessary to clarify GOST - sewer wells with a drainage of more than 1 cubic meter must be sealed or have good system cleaning.

Otherwise, bacteria living in the soil will not be able to cope with wastewater treatment, and sewage will end up in groundwater, and from there into food. According to existing rules, if a sealed well is required, then its bottom and walls must be concreted, covered with sealant, or a ready-made container must be used.

However, their use will require not only more material consumption, but also additional funds for frequent removal of wastewater by a sewer truck. A popular option is sewer wells with a filter bottom. Wastewater is purified through this bottom.

Advice! If you decide to save on the services of a septic tank and equip a well with a septic tank, then you need to take into account some nuances. The depth will depend on the structure of the soil, and in the process of creating it it is necessary to achieve a well-filtering layer.

Rotary, nodal, differential and inspection wells should be made airtight. In addition, filtration wells cannot be used if you are pouring household waste into the sewer after using detergents and chemicals.

Well construction

• First of all, a hole of the required volume is dug. You can do this yourself or use an excavator. Of course, special equipment will allow you to significantly save your time.

• The bottom of the sewer well with a septic tank is covered with crushed stone in a layer 40 cm thick.

Advice! If the groundwater level in your area is very high, then you can only use sealed wells. Otherwise, there is a risk of developing terrible diseases. In addition, contamination of groundwater by waste will result in fines and other legal liability.

Wells can be made of the following materials:

• Plastic;
• Reinforced concrete, the structure can be monolithic or prefabricated from well rings;
• Brick;
• Tree.
• Available materials.

After the hole is ready, if you are making a sealed well, you need to lay out the bottom, for which you can use a ready-made concrete slab. The bottom should be sloping towards the future hatch. Then the walls are installed and the drain pipe is connected. The walls must be treated with sealant.

Then a ceiling with a hatch is installed, which is covered with soil on top for thermal insulation. In this case, the hatch must be free from the ground for ventilation. It is also necessary to install a ventilation pipe that will be 60 cm above the soil level.

Advice! Providing good ventilation is necessary not only for normal operation cleaning system, but is also a safety requirement. As a result of chemical reactions occurring during the decomposition of organic matter, explosive methane is released. If the concentration is too high, this gas can explode.

Once everything is installed, you can use your sewer system. However, you should always monitor the filling of the well and call a vacuum truck to clean the well. When using a septic tank, the period of calling the suction pump increases, but periodic cleaning of the pit will still be required.

Advice! So that you need the services of vacuum cleaners less often, and you won’t be disturbed bad smell, you can use various biological or chemicals. IN summer time preference should be given to bioactivators that are completely safe and environmentally friendly. However, at temperatures below +4 degrees they will not be able to work effectively, so in the cold season they will have to give preference to chemicals.

For the average consumer, the cost of creating a sewer system can be quite high. However, she has great amount advantages, which consist in environmental friendliness and comfort of use when proper arrangement. All costs will pay off fairly quickly.

An urgent question that plagues everyone who wants to live in private country houses without the ability to connect to central water supply and drainage, how to do it autonomous sewerage. After all, without it it is not possible to fully use such benefits of civilization as a bath, shower, kitchen sink, washing machine and much more. Sewerage in a private house can be equipped different ways, which we will talk about in this article. Choose the right system that suits your needs individual conditions and needs are even more important than bringing it to life.

What kind of sewerage system can there be - a private house with permanent and temporary residence

The option for arranging a drainage system in private homes is selected depending on several conditions:

• House with permanent or temporary residence.
• How many people permanently live in the house?
• What is the daily water consumption per person in the house (depends on the number of water consumers, such as a bathtub, shower, toilet, sink, washbasin, washing machine, etc.)
• What is the groundwater level?
• What is the size of the site, how much space can be used for treatment systems.
• What is the structure and type of soil on the site.
• Climatic conditions of the area.

You can learn more about the requirements in the relevant sections of SanPin and SNiP.

Conventionally, all sewerage systems in a private house can be divided into only two types:

• Storage systems(cesspool without bottom, sealed container for waste).
• Wastewater treatment plants(the simplest single-chamber septic tank with soil purification, a two-chamber septic tank - overflowing wells with natural purification, a two-three-chamber septic tank with a filtration field, a septic tank with a biofilter, a septic tank (aeration tank) with a constant air supply).

The most ancient method of arranging a sewer system, proven over centuries and even millennia, is a cesspool. Some 50 - 70 years ago there was no alternative to this method at all. But people did not use as much water in private homes as they do today.

A cesspool is a well without a bottom. Walls cesspool can be made of brick, concrete rings, concrete or other material. Soil remains at the bottom. When sewage from the house gets into the pit more or less pure water seeps into the soil, purifying itself. Fecal matter and other solid organic waste settles to the bottom and accumulates. Over time, the well becomes filled with solid waste, and then it needs to be cleaned.

Previously, the walls of the cesspool were not made waterproof; then, when the hole was filled, they simply buried it and dug a new one in another place.

I would like to immediately note that installing a sewer system in a private house using a cesspool is possible only if the average daily volume of wastewater is less than 1 m3. In this case, soil microorganisms that live in the soil and feed on organic matter have time to process the water that penetrates the soil through the bottom of the pit. If the volume of wastewater is greater than this norm, the water does not undergo sufficient purification, penetrates into the soil and pollutes groundwater. This risks contaminating wells and other water sources within a radius of 50 m. Adding microorganisms to the cesspool somewhat reduces the unpleasant odor emanating from it, and also speeds up the process of water purification. But, nevertheless, it is not worth the risk.

Conclusion. A cesspool without a bottom can be built if the house is visited 2-3 days a week and does not consume a lot of water. In this case, the groundwater level must be at least 1 m below the bottom of the pit, otherwise contamination of the soil and water source cannot be avoided. Despite the lowest cost of arrangement, a cesspool is not popular in modern country houses and cottages.

Sealed container - storage tank

A sealed container is installed on the site near the house, into which wastewater and waste from the entire house flow through pipes. This container can be ready-made, purchased in a store, and made of plastic, metal or other material. Or it can be assembled independently from concrete rings, the bottom is made of concrete, and the lid is made of metal. The main condition when installing a sewer system in a private house of this type is complete tightness. Suitable for sewerage corrugated pipes pragma.

When the container is full, it must be cleaned. To do this, a sewer truck is called, the call of which costs from 15 to 30 USD. The frequency of emptying the container, as well as the required volume, depends on the amount of waste. For example, if 4 people permanently live in a house, use a bath, shower, sink, toilet, washing machine, then the minimum volume storage tank should be 8 m3, it will have to be cleaned every 10 - 13 days.

Conclusion. A sealed cesspool is one of the options for installing sewerage in a private house if the groundwater level in the area is high. This will completely protect the soil and water sources from possible contamination. The disadvantage of such a sewage system is that you will often have to call a sewer truck. To do this, from the very beginning it is necessary to correctly calculate the location of the container to ensure convenient access to it. The bottom of the hole or container should not be deeper than 3 m from the soil surface, otherwise the cleaning hose will not reach the bottom. The lid of the container must be insulated to protect the pipeline from freezing. For such a sewer system in a private house, the cost depends on the material of the container. The cheapest option would be to purchase used Eurocubes, the most expensive would be concrete pouring or brick. In addition there are monthly cleaning costs.

Single-chamber septic tank - the simplest option for soil treatment

A single-chamber septic tank is not far from the cesspool; it is often called that. It is a well, the bottom of which is filled with crushed stone in a layer of at least 30 cm, and on top coarse sand the same layer. Wastewater flows through pipes into a well, where the water, seeping through a layer of sand, crushed stone, and then soil, is purified by 50%. Adding sand and crushed stone improves the quality of water purification and partly feces, but does not radically solve the problem.

Conclusion. Sewerage in a private house using a single-chamber septic tank is impossible when permanent residence and large volumes of waste. Only for houses with temporary residence and low groundwater levels. After some time, the crushed stone and sand will need to be completely replaced, as they will silt up.

Two-chamber septic tank - overflow settling wells

As one of economical options sewerage system, which can be installed independently, the installation of overflow settling wells and filter wells is universally popular.

This sewage system in a private house consists of two wells: one with a sealed bottom, the second without a bottom, but with powder, as in the previous method (crushed stone and sand). Wastewater from the house flows into the first well, where solid organic waste and feces sink to the bottom, fatty waste floats to the surface, and more or less clarified water is formed between them. At a height of approximately 2/3 of the first well, it is connected to the second well by an overflow pipe, located slightly at an angle so that water can flow there freely. Partially clarified water enters the second well, where it percolates through a sprinkle of crushed stone, sand and soil, purifies even more and leaves.

The first well is a settling tank, and the second is a filter well. Over time, a critical mass of feces accumulates in the first well, to remove which it is necessary to call a sewer truck. This will have to be done approximately once every 4 - 6 months. To reduce the unpleasant odor, microorganisms are added to the first well that decompose feces.

Overflow sewer in a private house: photo - example

You can make a two-chamber septic tank yourself from concrete rings, concrete or brick, or you can purchase a ready-made (plastic) one from the manufacturer. In the finished two-chamber septic tank, additional cleaning will also occur using special microorganisms.

Conclusion. It is possible to install a sewer system in a private house from two overflow wells only if the groundwater level, even during a flood, is 1 m lower from the bottom of the second well. Ideal conditions is sandy or sandy loam soil on the site. After 5 years, the crushed stone and sand in the filter well will have to be replaced.

Septic tank with filtration field - biological and soil treatment

We move on to a description of more or less serious cleaning systems that allow you not to worry about environmental pollution.

This type of septic tank is one container divided into 2 - 3 sections or several separate well containers connected by pipes. Most often, having decided to install this type of sewer system, a factory-made septic tank is purchased.

In the first container, wastewater settles, as in the previous method (settling well). Through the pipe, partially clarified water flows into a second container or section, where anaerobic bacteria decompose organic residues. Even more clarified water reaches the filtration fields.

Filtration fields are areas underground where wastewater undergoes soil treatment. Thanks to large area(about 30 m2), the water is purified by 80%. The ideal case is if the soil is sandy or sandy loam, otherwise you will have to equip an artificial filtration field made of crushed stone and sand. After passing through the filtration fields, the water is collected in pipelines and discharged into drainage ditches or wells. Trees or edible vegetables cannot be planted above the filtration fields; only a flower bed is allowed.

Over time, the fields become silted and need to be cleaned, or rather replaced with crushed stone and sand. You can imagine how much work will have to be done, and what your site will turn into after this.

Conclusion. Laying a sewer system in a private house, which requires the presence of a filtration field, is only possible if the groundwater level is below 2.5 - 3 m. Otherwise, this is quite constructive solution subject to sufficient free space. Also, do not forget that the distance from the filtration fields to water sources and residential buildings should be more than 30 m.

Septic tank with biofilter - natural treatment station

Station deep cleaning allows for complete installation of sewerage in a private house, even if the groundwater level is very high.

A septic tank is a container divided into 3 - 4 sections. It is better to purchase it from a trusted manufacturer, after consulting with professionals about the required volume and equipment. Of course, the price for such a sewer system in a private house is not the lowest, starting from 1200 USD.

In the first chamber of the septic tank, water settles, in the second, organic matter decomposes by anaerobic microorganisms, the third chamber serves for water separation, since in the fourth, organic matter decomposes with the help of aerobic bacteria, which need a constant flow of air. To do this, a pipe is mounted above the chamber, rising 50 cm above the ground level. Aerobic bacteria are added to a filter installed on the pipe leading from the third section to the fourth. In essence, this is the filtration field - only in miniature and concentrated. Thanks to the small area of ​​water movement and the high concentration of microorganisms, the water is thoroughly purified up to 90 - 95%. This water can be safely used for technical needs - watering the garden, washing the car and much more. To do this, their fourth section is given a pipe leading either to a container for storing purified water, or to a drainage ditch or well, where it is simply absorbed into the ground.

Sewage treatment in a private house - operation diagram:

Conclusion. Septic tank with biofilter - good decision for a private home with permanent residence. Microorganisms can be added to the septic tank by simply pouring them into the toilet. There are no restrictions for using this treatment plant No. An undeniable advantage is that it does not require electricity. The only drawback is that sewerage installation in a private house requires permanent residence, since without the constant flow of wastewater, bacteria die. When new strains are introduced, they begin active work only after two weeks.

Septic tank with forced air supply - artificial treatment station

An accelerated treatment station where natural processes occur artificially. Construction of a sewer system in a private house using an aeration tank will require supplying electricity to the septic tank to connect an air pump and air distributor.

Such a septic tank consists of three chambers or separate containers connected to each other. Water enters the first chamber through sewer pipes, where it settles and solid waste precipitate. Partially clarified water from the first chamber is pumped into the second.

The second chamber is actually an aeration tank; here water is mixed with activated sludge, which consists of microorganisms and plants. All microorganisms and bacteria in activated sludge are aerobic. It is for their full functioning that forced aeration is needed.

Water mixed with sludge enters the third chamber - a settling tank for deeper cleaning. The sludge is then pumped back into the aeration tank using a special pump.

Forced air supply provides fairly rapid treatment of wastewater, which can then be used for technical needs.

Conclusion. An aeration tank is an expensive but necessary pleasure in some cases. The price starts from 3700 USD. There are no restrictions on the installation of such sewerage. Disadvantages are the need for electricity and permanent residence, otherwise the activated sludge bacteria die.

Water supply and sewerage of a private house - general rules

The location of sewerage facilities is subject to certain restrictions.

Septic tank should be located:

• no closer than 5 m from a residential building;
• no closer than 20 - 50 m from the water source (well, borehole, reservoir);
• no closer than 10 m from the garden.

House should be remote:

• 8 m from filter wells;
• 25 m from filter fields;
• 50 m from aeration treatment plants;
• 300 m from drainage wells or stations.

The pipes leading to the septic tank must be insulated so that they do not freeze in winter. To do this they are wrapped heat-insulating material and are inserted into asbestos-cement pipes. External sewerage distribution in a private house is carried out with pipes with a diameter of 100 - 110 mm, the slope should be 2 cm by 2 m, i.e. 2°, in practice they do a little more - 5 - 7° (with a margin). But you shouldn’t joke with this matter, since a larger slope will lead to water quickly passing through the pipes, and feces will linger and clog them, and a smaller slope will not ensure the movement of wastewater through the pipes at all. It is advisable to lay the pipes so that there are no turns or corners. For internal wiring of sewer pipes, a diameter of 50 mm is sufficient. If the house has more than one floor, and baths, sinks, and a toilet are also installed on the upper floors, then a riser with a diameter of 200 mm is used to drain wastewater down.

If you decide that you can do the sewerage of a private house with your own hands, be sure to take into account all the restrictions of SanPin and SNiP regarding the location and design of the sewerage system. In order not to spoil relations with your neighbors, consider the location of their water sources and other buildings.

The sewerage project for a private house is extremely important; you should not try to do without it. Sewerage is not a system that tolerates approximateness. Contact design bureaus or architects, and let the professionals create a working design for you, taking into account all the characteristics of the soil, site, climate and operating conditions. It is better if this project is completed together with the project of the house itself before its construction begins. This will make installation much easier.

If you are interested in the question of how to make a sewer system in a private house at high level groundwater, then based on all of the above, these could be the following options:

• Sealed container for waste accumulation.
• Septic tank with biofilter.
• Aeration treatment station (aeration tank).

The actual work of installing a sewer system in a private house is not that difficult. It is necessary to install pipes throughout the house that will collect wastewater from different sources, connect them into a collector and run them through the foundation or under it along the ground to the septic tank. You can do the excavation work yourself, or you can hire an excavator. But choosing the right sewerage system and drawing up a project is much more important.

Sewerage in a private house: video - example