The service life of a modern refrigerator, whether it is Atlant, Samsung, Liebherr, Stinol, Indesit or another brand, is the parameter that should be least trusted. You can be sure that the refrigerator has the declared capacity. You can visually check the number of chambers or test the declared temperature. But the service life can only be checked empirically. And if the manufacturer claims that buying his refrigerator in a store means not taking care of its repair for 15-20 years, then you should not believe this. Yes, at correct operation majority household appliances, regardless of its cost, can serve you for 10, and 20, and even 30 years. But no one bothers refrigeration units order to live long in five years. Yes, such situations cannot be called typical for modern devices, but it is not recommended to completely exclude them and lose sight of them. website
If you think that with the Soviet household appliances everything was different, then you are mistaken. Yes, today in many houses you can find workable refrigerators from the times of the USSR, which will last another 10-20 years. But who said that modern ones will not work after so many years? Yes and in Soviet times a broken refrigerator was not something out of the ordinary. Therefore, the quality of modern household appliances should not be sinned. Moreover, expensive refrigerators have really good quality, with minimal risk of breakage or marriage.
Should I trust the manufacturer?
So, as you already understood, the expiration dates declared by the manufacturer are information that should not be trusted. But what you should trust is the warranty period, that is, the period of operation during which the manufacturer guarantees the buyer that the refrigerator will not fail. Unless, of course, the owner himself helps him in this. The time interval prescribed in the data sheet and warranty card reflects the real state of affairs. If it is written that guarantee period is 3 years, then during this time you don’t have to worry about the safety of your household appliances. It is not profitable for the manufacturer himself to overestimate it. And if it is underestimated, the buyer will begin to realize that in front of him is that consumer goods, for which even the manufacturer himself cannot give a good guarantee. In other words, the warranty period is a figure that you can trust. Even if the refrigerator fails during the warranty period, you can be sure that the new refrigerator you don't have to run. If, of course, we are talking about failure due to the fault of the manufacturer, and not due to a voltage drop or due to the fact that you beat off pieces of ice with a screwdriver.
Warranty periods
Do not think that at the end of the warranty period, it is just as guaranteed to stop working. On the contrary, most refrigerators outlive their warranty periods by two, three, or four times, and feel very good about it. But after its expiration, each breakdown is already your problem, solved for your money. Therefore, after it is over, watch your technique with extreme care. Wash and defrost it periodically, do not let dust accumulate on back wall, do not overload with products and also monitor the expiration date of eggs, cheese, milk, fish, meat, champignons, rolls, cottage cheese, chicken, dough, sushi, meatballs, minced meat, cakes, mushrooms, sausages, caviar, soup, broth, sour cream, minced meat, kefir, herring, pork, aspic and other products. And when the smell appears in the refrigerator, they immediately begin to use all sorts of detergents and odor-removing agents that can harm the refrigerator and freezer.
What conclusion can be drawn from the above information? There is only one conclusion. When buying a brand new refrigerator, carefully look at the period of use for which the manufacturer is ready to give a guarantee. If it is suspiciously small, then think twice before taking this model.
In order for the refrigerator to last as long as possible, follow all the rules for operation:
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Washer-dryer for linen, instructions for use.
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Choosing a refrigerator by climate class, types, Russian realities.
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Which one can you buy now? electric stove in the shops?
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How to use the multicooker, cooking according to the instructions.
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What are the types of backlighting on an LCD (LED) TV screen?
To this day, in some houses you can find miracles of Soviet technology: for 25 years they rumble in the kitchens of ZILs, they vacuum Typhoons carpets with anguish and still wash Vyatkas without squeezing. Such equipment was bought for centuries, and it successfully, without serious breakdowns, copes with the duties assigned to it today. But the service life of modern devices often raises many questions from buyers and repairmen: they say, where are the good old long-lived appliances and why is the age of brand new refrigerators and washing machines so short? Let's try to figure it out.
Really manufacturers, despite progress by leaps and bounds, have forgotten how to make high-quality and long-lived household appliances? Or are we deliberately given a disposable product, deliberately shortening its service life? The question is very ambiguous, says the leading engineer of the Belarusian State Institute for Standardization and Certification Denis Savich:
- On the one hand, a rare manufacturer will sacrifice its reputation: such a deliberate disregard for quality will affect the brand's image and sales. Competition constantly forces us to improve the characteristics of products, including increasing the service life. People are starting to pay attention to the technical and other parameters of products. On the other hand, some manufacturers can really stay on the market by increasing sales of more or less low-price and quality goods on the principle of "broke - threw out - bought a new one."
You can compare a modern compact washing machine with its Soviet "ancestor": the advantages are obvious. However, the materials in them will differ significantly: some have been replaced with lighter and cheaper ones (and therefore less durable), the case has become more presentable, but plastic. Even the smallest savings made by the manufacturer on the constituent elements of the device can affect the life of the entire mechanism. This, of course, reduces the cost of the refrigerator, but the quality may also suffer from a price reduction. And the consumer society, where material goods are cultivated, dictates its conditions to us. Not everyone household appliance lives to a “deserved rest” for the simple reason that many are accustomed to changing their technical “toys”: as soon as the “washer”, iron or refrigerator acquires a new bells and whistles, it immediately pushes its predecessor back. And advertising encourages such an approach and calls at every step: “Come on! Hurry up! Buy!
Touches to the problem
Everyone knows what a warranty period is. By the way, according to statistics, the vast majority of goods work it out successfully and without complaints from the buyer. Of course, there are exceptions in the form of a factory marriage or other initially hidden flaws. It is in such cases that this very guarantee protects us from low-quality products. Things are much more complicated with the concept of "service life". talking plain language, the manufacturer during this time must provide you with the opportunity to use the product. What does it mean? If the instruction manual for, say, a refrigerator indicates that it should serve faithfully for 10 years, then for the entire period you are obliged to ensure the possibility of repair: exactly as much from the moment the last refrigerator of this model was released, they will store or manufacture spare parts kits.Of course, the declared service life may not coincide at all with the real one: your Electric kettle may not reach it or, on the contrary, significantly rework. If the equipment is out of order much earlier than the time allotted to it, there is nothing left but to fix the breakdown at your own expense. But is it necessary to send a still working device to the landfill, which, according to pieces of paper, has exceeded its service life? Common sense should be used here.
Of course, the service life directly depends on the correct operation of the device. In most cases, the technique works much longer than stated in the instructions if you handle it properly. In Soviet times, the service life was strictly regulated: refrigerators had to work out for 15 years, gas stoves - 20, electric stoves - 16.5. The concept of "service life" is enshrined in our legislation, but for the most part it is measured by the manufacturers themselves after various tests and studies. Maybe we should go back to the practice of the old days and clearly define the lifetime for each device? Denis Savich believes that from a technical point of view, this would be a poorly justified decision:
- Claimed service life is longer economic characteristic, and not technical, as it allows you to calculate the approximate life of the product before replacement. The manufacturer, determining the service life, proceeds from his own conditions, and the actual operating conditions of the consumer may be different. For example, someone has a refrigerator in the country and turns on for only a couple of weeks, while someone works all the time in the apartment. A washing machine, TV, microwave, electric kettle can be used only a few times a week, or they can be used without a break in some institution. Which device will fail first? One manufacturer uses cheaper materials and components, the service life of his household appliances will be shorter, but the price will also be lower. And the other chooses high-quality and expensive components. The buyer himself determines the category of goods. Therefore, it would be wrong to establish a single service life for everyone: this will affect competition, price, and the choice of household appliances. But the manufacturer must indicate the service life of the products in order to inform the consumer.
It is worth listening to the manufacturers, because such numbers appear in the operating instructions for a reason: outdated equipment can cause a fire. For example, service life is very strictly regulated gas stoves: 10 years. During this time, the manufacturer will still produce spare parts for your model. However, the period can be officially extended if the stove works well: the gas service employees will carry out the necessary diagnostics. But after 20 years, even with timely diagnosis and good condition, the stove will still have to be replaced.
Help "SB"
How long can household appliances last
Refrigerator - 7 - 10 years.Washing machine - 7 - 8 years.
Vacuum cleaner - 3 - 7 years.
Microwave - 7 years.
Dishwasher - 5 years.
Kettles, hair dryers, small household appliances - 3 years, professional - 5 - 7 years.
The service life of the device is the period of time during which the manufacturer undertakes to provide the consumer with the opportunity to use the device for its intended purpose and is responsible for significant shortcomings that may occur in the device.
During the service life of the device, the consumer has the full right to:
- the possibility of using the device;
- repair and appropriate maintenance of the device;
- presentation of requirements for the free elimination of significant shortcomings of the device, even if the warranty period has expired;
- compensation for damage caused by the device.
If the service life of the device is not set
If the service life of the device is not established, then the manufacturer is obliged to ensure the above consumer rights for 10 years. Thus, as a rule, it is much more profitable for the manufacturer to set the service life than not to set it.
How to find out the service life of the device
The service life of the goods is set by the manufacturer, while the manufacturer (executor, seller) is obliged to provide the consumer with the necessary and reliable information regarding the device in a timely manner, which must necessarily contain information about the service life of the device.
When the manufacturer is obliged to establish a service life
the manufacturer is obliged to establish the service life of durable goods, including components (parts, assemblies, assemblies), which, after a certain period, may:
- pose a danger to the life, health of the consumer,
- damage his property or environment.
The list of durable goods, including components (parts, assemblies, assemblies), which, after a certain period, may pose a danger to the life, health of the consumer, harm his property or the environment is contained in, approved by the Government Russian Federation.
When the manufacturer is not obliged to establish a service life
In all other cases, the determination of the service life is the right of the manufacturer, i.e. it may or may not set a lifetime.
instrument life calculation
The service life can be calculated in units of time, as well as other units of measurement - kilometers, meters, etc. based on functional purpose goods.
The service life of the device begins to run from the moment the device is handed over to the consumer, unless otherwise provided by the contract.
It takes less than ten minutes after turning on, and the laptop, which recently turned three years old, freezes. Its owner notices that the cooling fan is not working and brings the computer to a service center for diagnosis.
It turns out that the processor cooler blows from the inside through a too narrow radiator grill, on which thick layers of dust accumulate over time, which leads to blocking of the fan blades and subsequently to overheating of the CPU.
In addition, the service center engineer sees that the screws that secure the display hinge to the case are torn out on one side due to the frequent opening of the laptop.
Cooling system. This laptop cooler, which is very difficult to access, blows air through a narrow exhaust grille, so during daily workloads, the fan quickly clogs with dust, which eventually causes the CPU to overheat sooner or later.
The cost of repairs in a computer shop may exceed the residual value of the device, which means that it might be more profitable for its owner to simply buy a new laptop. But if the manufacturer used a different radiator grill in the cooling system and did not make the lid hinges too tight, the laptop would simply continue to work normally for a long time.
Wear or intent?
Cases like this have been experienced by many owners of various electronic devices. And if a defect is detected immediately after the end of the warranty period, the suspicion inevitably arises that the manufacturer deliberately introduced weak links into the design that shorten the life of the equipment and force users to buy new devices.
However, this idea is easy to formulate, but it is not easy to prove it justifiably. After all, all devices are subject to wear: displays lose their brightness, batteries lose capacity, and flash memory cells in solid state drives can withstand only a certain number of write cycles.
measured wear. In the CHIP test lab, we found that reducing the brightness of LCDs modern TVs or monitors after two years of operation is up to 45%. We observed similar symptoms of "aging" in the CHIP test lab, taking repeated measurements on the devices we have already tested after they have been in operation for several years.
To take into account the causes and failure rates of certain models, a huge database is needed. One way or another, but the creation of "eternal" technology is unprofitable for any manufacturer. This would increase development, testing, materials and manufacturing costs.
And the level of sales would decrease, as users would buy new devices less and less. Each manufacturer who wants to remain a competitive market participant is forced, already at the stage of developing their products, to strive to ensure that their devices look attractive enough and are sold at a high price, but at the same time, users sooner or later want or have to purchase new ones.
In addition, customers want more features and smaller devices (smartphones, on the contrary, are getting larger). This is facilitated by companies with their short development cycles of new models and aggressive advertising. Design and a large set of unnecessary features in marketing are often valued more than quality and longevity.
What shortens the service life
Vendors can influence the service life of equipment by the most different ways. So, the manufacturer makes long-lived and easily repairable devices, but at the same time regularly releases more productive and functional new models. As a result, the old device still works flawlessly, and the buyer already wants to get a new one.
Planned aging. Electrolytic capacitors are particularly sensitive to heat, but despite this, they are often installed in places with high temperatures. A similar strategy is to be expected in the first place in the production of products intended for professionals or premium devices, although there is no guarantee that such equipment will actually last for a long time.
Another variant of this strategy is used by mobile device manufacturers who constantly update their software. Increasing with every improvement system requirements, and quite serviceable old gadgets eventually begin to function more and more slowly up to complete unsuitability.
It is unlikely that any of the users will agree to work without updates, on which the security of the device depends and personal information. With mobile gadgets from Apple, this effect is observed after about three years. Inexpensive Android smartphones, on the other hand, often receive updates infrequently. In this case, the device continues to work normally, but its security is steadily degraded.
iPad battery replacement. Apple's iPad is glued so tightly that not every professional can open it, as a result inexpensive repair impossible The next way to significantly reduce the life of devices is this: components that are most subject to wear are installed so that they cannot be replaced. The simplest example- Batteries that are either not accessible or can only be accessed using special tools.
However, models such as samsung galaxy The S III and S4 or BlackBerry Z10 prove that "flat" and "easy to replace" are not mutually exclusive terms for a battery.
Unusable due to updates. From February 1, 2014 Apple company required app developers to support iOS 7. Any apps created using older versions of Xcode will not be accepted in the App Store. Tightly built-in parts subject to wear are, of course, bad, but even worse is a new engineering trick: in the most problem areas components with an insufficient service life are installed, which, after a
divided time fail.
An example is the laptop already mentioned at the beginning of the article with a cooler that has become unusable and display hinges that are too weak. There are monitors in which capacitors are placed in especially hot places of power supplies, so that the electrolyte after a short time(which can be accurately measured) evaporates.
Printer fails as planned The printheads of modern printers often have built-in counters that, after printing a certain number of pages, give messages about non-existent errors.
Often, manufacturers make the mechanics of the power buttons so weak that after a while they stop being pressed at all. The classic application of this method, to which many posts on Internet forums are devoted, is inkjet printers Canon.
After printing a certain number of pages, they stop working and give an error message: the power button is faulty. It is enough to reset the internal counter in the secret service menu, and such a device, as a rule, continues to work without problems.
Minor malfunctions
Equipment that fails prematurely not only upsets owners. The additional costs of production, transportation and disposal are a heavy burden on the people who make these products, our resources and the environment.
Thus, the German economist Professor Christian Kreiss in his study “Planned Aging” concluded that in Europe, the planned aging of equipment is the cause of 2.6% of all waste (which is millions of tons per year) and 7% of all energy costs in private households.
If there were no planned wear and tear, the professor argues, five out of seventeen waste disposal plants could be closed in Europe alone.
Anyone who thinks that an artificially low shelf life of products activates the economy is mistaken.
If human labor and diligence are invested in products that quickly deteriorate, then this is an irresponsible waste of resources that, from the point of view of society, harms all of us, while benefiting only a very few. If the planned premature aging of technology could be banned by law, productive forces and purchasing power would be freed up that could be used to raise living standards.
Repair of equipment
The fight against the planned aging of technology at the level of the whole society is necessary, but little depends on ordinary buyers. If one of your devices fails suspiciously early, the first thing to do is to search the Internet for a description of the problem.
Trying to repair a cheap or old equipment can also be interesting and instructive. Sometimes you can find advice on how to bring equipment back to life on your own and for free. If the warranty is still valid, consider yourself lucky.
In the event that the warranty period has expired, you should think carefully before taking the device to a service center. The main interest of both manufacturers and sellers is to sell you new technology rather than repairing the old one. This can be seen in the high prices for service and repair work.
Before sending, check exactly what costs await you - even if the gadget is returned to you without repair or disposed of. Contacting an independent workshop promises less hassle. If, for example, you find a burst electrolytic capacitor on the motherboard of a laptop or PC, then a service center employee will probably be able to help you.
But in many cases, aging is so carefully planned that even in an independent workshop, repairs will be too expensive due to their laboriousness.
When buying a new device, it is always difficult to “by eye” determine its possible service life and the complexity of the repair.
Kyle Vince, founder of the web repair service ifixit.com, explains in an interview with CBC radio how he evaluates the new technique: "I'm just wondering: how can this be taken apart?"
If the case is closed with screws, and the battery can be removed without going to the workshop for this, this is not bad.
If not, you should look for other mechanical fixators. When they are missing, everything indicates that the case is sealed, and this can seriously complicate future repairs.
Before you carefully examine the device, you can get information about the possibility of repairing it, for example, on YouTube. For those particularly concerned with durability, consider the fact that business or professional devices are often stronger, easier to repair, and take longer to stock parts than consumer products.
The reason is that manufacturers of such equipment have to fulfill the terms of long-term contracts with large trading companies. That is why, instead of a “fancy” designer laptop with a super-fast processor and powerful graphics system it is better to choose a low-key but reliable business model.
Such a computer gives the user more hope that he will not have to waste time and nerves due to a faulty fan or broken hinges.
Measured wear
CHIP engineers re-measured old devices that once won our tests and worked for several years after that, and determined the degree of wear.
LG IP S225V. Reduced contrast
The LG IP S225V LED-backlit monitor withstood two years of intensive work in office environments with almost no loss - only the contrast decreased slightly.
This device can last for many more years if the mechanics and electronics (network unit) allow.
However, the food is not the best. reliable node at monitors.
APPLE iPad first generation. Small memory
Modern applications often cannot work properly on the first iPad - the amount of memory is too small (256 MB), and the operating system has remained in version 5.1.
Our test device was only heavily used in 2010, then less frequently. This explains the fact that the battery capacity has decreased only slightly.
The display also darkened a little - by only 4%. Unlike newer models, the case of the first iPad opens without a heat gun, and the battery can be removed freely. Despite the long-lived and easy-to-repair hardware, this gadget is already outdated today - primarily due to insufficient memory that cannot be increased.
GOOGLE NEXUS 7. Working hours
Time battery life The battery life of the Google Nexus 7, which has been heavily used for a year and a half, is down 10% from our previous measurements, but is still at high level: 8 hours 33 minutes. The display brightness has slightly decreased.
At the same time, the contrast, due to the fact that dark areas have become even darker, has become 10% higher. The Nexus 7 case is easy to open with a fingernail or a screwdriver.
Unlike the new iPads, the battery is fixed without the use of glue and can be easily replaced.
The only thing that is not encouraging is that the cracked glass coating is replaced only with the display. This is expensive, but such a solution is justified because it prevents dust from getting under the glass.
PHILIPS 42PFL9900D. Brightness suffers
A Philips 42-inch LCD TV worked fine in the lobby of the CHIP office daily from 10:00 am to 6:00 pm for four years.
However, the maximum brightness of this display, as usual illuminated by fluorescent elements, has decreased by almost a quarter - 23%.
The possibilities of repairing this TV today are already limited - primarily by the unavailability of spare parts. The fact is that due to the short production cycles of TVs, the availability of spare parts is usually limited to two years maximum.
The results of our testing in 2008 cannot be unconditionally compared with relevant solutions from Philips, since since then the development and production of the company's equipment has completely passed to the Taiwanese concern TPV.
SAMSUNG GALAXY NEXUS. Weak spot - screen
The screen of this smartphone, made using AMOLED technology, demonstrates excellent color reproduction and high contrast.
However, the brightness, which was already quite modest, suffered a lot during the regular use of this device: the screen became darker by 40%.
Today's 177 cd / m2 for comfortable work with daylight already objectively lacking. The battery also didn't handle long intensive work very well - this is probably due to the Android OS update to version 4.3.
At the same time upgrade software definitely had a positive effect on performance. In the Vellamo browser benchmark, which uses JavaScript, our Galaxy Nexus now scores almost 1.5 times as much as before.
APPLE IPHONE 4. Brightness is decreasing
Our iPhone 4 was used very often at first, then much less frequently. This explains the slight reduction in battery life, which amounted to only two percent.
The display, despite very moderate loads, is worn out much more: it has darkened by almost 17%.
iPhone 4 repair options also leave much to be desired. Replacing the battery is not difficult, but in order to disassemble the iPhone case, you need a special five-pronged screwdriver (pentalobe). The front glass is replaced only together with the display.
OCZ VERTEX 3. Slow recording
Our 1.5TB OCZ Vertex 3 SSD experienced significant performance degradation after two years of hard work on the test bench:
the data write speed has decreased by almost 40%, as well as the number of input / output operations per second.
And this is true for both compressible and incompressible data. Firmware update to latest versions does not help here, because the reason is
in the wear of memory cells.
EPSON EH-TW6000W. Lamp wear
The Epson projector worked for a year and a half in an ordinary conference room with long presentations.
As expected, the brightness of the lamp decreased (25% reduction).
Unlike LCDs, this results in almost the same loss of contrast in projectors.
After replacing the lamp, the results again became the same as in the first test. However original lamp costs one-fifth of the price of a new device.
A PHOTO: manufacturing companies; Sony Pictures Releasing
We will remember the past glory of those enterprises and the quality of their products for a long time to come, especially when the Soviet industry was faced with the task of eliminating the shortage of household appliances, which is why ZILs rumbled in kitchens for 25 years. And now the main goal of the manufacturer is to force to buy new thing. Someone achieves this attractive appearance goods, someone with new opportunities, but someone follows a simple path - orders things not to live long. Is it possible? Very much!
A year of operation for microwaves, steamers and heaters, two or three years for refrigerators, TVs, air conditioners and washing machines - this is the standard period of uninterrupted life of appliances indicated in warranty cards. Home appliance repair specialists claim that the brain of automatic washing machines burns out even in branded models, and repairs are very expensive.
Inspectorates for the protection of consumer rights are treated more and more every year. There are complaints from people about low-quality equipment, and most of all complaints are about mobile phones. The central boards of mobile phones, as if on purpose, are made fragile and almost disposable. Most often the owners mobile phones prefer to buy a new phone instead of repair.
Short life of household appliances
Tracking this cycle of goods in nature, an American journalist spent ten years and found out that we throw 95 percent of the total volume of products produced today into a landfill in ten months only because it is beneficial to manufacturers. “Two of their most successful strategies are planned obsolescence and forced obsolescence. Short lifespan is another name for products that are projected to landfill. These are the laws of the growth model that dominates the economy - goods need turnover.
The concept of "growth economy" was ignored only in the USSR and the GDR. There was a course towards combating commodity shortages, and not towards production for the sake of production. Therefore, the goods created in the Union and Democratic Germany survived even these countries themselves. Only knowledgeable people are equipping Soviet or GDR equipment, acquiring it now at flea markets. From an old TV to an electrical extension cord, everything is superior in quality to current counterparts.
It is unprofitable for the manufacturer that the equipment works for a long time!
Replacing materials with cheaper and less durable ones becomes a problem. Now it is unprofitable for the manufacturer, From which we conclude: the vast majority of manufacturers of household appliances deliberately include in their products short term services for the purpose of their continuous updating by the consumer and the subsequent receipt of profit by the company. By the way, some of them honestly warn you about the short shelf life of their products in the instruction manual. In some cases, people turn to local craftsmen who, thanks to their developments, are able to breathe life into broken equipment.
Pay attention to the service life of household appliances
Still, as an option, there is an opinion that planned aging can be, if not won, then at least outwitted. Through the court. The warranty period indicates the minimum period during which the product can be used. However, after its expiration, you should pay attention to the column "service life" - usually it exceeds the warranty period by several years. If we do not violate the rules of operation, and our TV still broke down four years after purchase, we have the right to demand that the manufacturer replace the device.
Don't respect yourself?
Those who do not like and do not want to mess with the courts, it is likely that due to the breakdown of household appliances, the idea of \u200b\u200bbuying a new one will come up, comforting themselves with the fact that there is also a fashion for appliances, and it is better to buy a newer model. By the way, constant advertising campaigns are also pushing us to regularly change household appliances, convincing us that using old appliances is not self-respecting.
Can I afford to change household appliances every 5 years?
And yet every five years to update electronic stuffing At home, not every family budget can afford. In Europe, where at the first breakdown equipment can be thrown into the trash, salaries are several times higher than in Russia. For the domestic consumer washing machine$400 is already a significant waste. Therefore, people do everything possible to get minimum guarantees for the same money that the equipment will last at least ten years. In the hope of protecting themselves from further breakdowns of household appliances, many people carefully study the market for the goods offered, make inquiries about the quality famous brands. According to experts of the household goods market, the products of the leading brands are quite comparable in quality and, in fact, differ little from each other.
One of the reasons for the frequent repair of household appliances
This is objective. And subjectively, another reason for the frequent repair of household appliances is the elementary illiteracy of consumers in matters of operation of this very equipment. Therefore, it is not superfluous to remind once again that the user manual contains important information that helps to use all the possibilities of your equipment and use it for a long time. In addition to the rules for connecting and installing household appliances, the instruction also contains a lot useful information about the proper care of household appliances, ignoring which means deliberately reducing its service life.
Motorists and car owners are also often concerned about how to repair their best friend. There are many on this subject professional advice you will find on the site