I'm not asking - why do you need so many drugs and why you treat a simple headache with different pills, - Gracchus snapped.
Ask, I'll answer you. So why?
So as not to fall asleep on the road. Happy ?! And so how much time has already been lost!
Do you have any questions? - Marne turned to Abel.
No, everything is clear. Practice is needed here.
Don't try to practice while we're gone! Better look around. And then they buried me already, so that I would die!
A familiar smell, ”said Car, sniffing the air. - Gentlemen, does it remind you of anything? Shivera glanced at him in surprise.
And ladies, of course, ladies ...
Genk! - Gracchus answered without hesitation.
So it seems to me. It looks too much like the rubbish that flowed in his channel.
It looks like we were moving along the riverbed. So that I peeled off! We'll have to cross it.
Have you changed your mind yet? May be…
Not! - snapped the zarkkan, but the confidence in his voice diminished significantly. And there was a reason. The trinity left the city, the tractor was left behind - a small but still visible spot. We moved slowly, carefully looking around. Shivera took on a combat transformation. In the light, the process looked mesmerizing: stretching claws, changing color and structure of the skin, clouding eyes. Here, behind the last houses, the canal overflowed its banks. If in Genk a black, oily liquid splashed somewhere far underfoot, licking the supports of dilapidated bridges, then here it came close to the city, spilled far beyond its borders. Remains of buildings, adjacent streets and suburban areas were buried in it. Not a single tree or bush, not a single blade of grass — not even in the thick of the cracked walls. The soil applied there did not become fertile, apparently poisoned by fumes. The cone-shaped structures, which Gracchus called workshops, stood in the center of the newly formed black lake. All of them were about the same diameter - about a hundred meters, they had different heights - from about ten to forty meters.
Shouldn't they ... breathe? - asked Car.
Not necessary. Zarkkan responded in a purely mechanical manner. He himself had already asked himself a similar question and did not find an answer to it. Rather, he did not find an answer that suited him. Since work in the populated workshops did not subside practically around the clock, the buildings were enveloped in trembling, vibrating steam, which made the cones look like mountain peaks wrapped in clouds. It wasn't here. The air is clean and clear, with no hint of movement. I could only hope for a small load or forced downtime. Unlike the city of humans, the Zarkkan workshops did not look like survivors of the war.
Impressive, said Care.
Still would! - Gracchus immediately responded. - This is not human trash for you with their liquid mixtures and rotting beams! There is a special reinforced concrete. Moreover, the reinforcement is multilayer, overlapping, going deep into the foundation ... And concrete ... It is impregnated with a special composition of deep penetration on an organic basis. This…
Everywhere you spit - everything is special.
What did you think?! Such a workshop can stand for more than one century, and nothing will happen to it!
One can only stand in a swamp like that, ”Ersati whispered almost audibly.
What?! What do you understand? Power, firmness, reliability!
And ugliness ...
All this is very nice, but if you have finished the architectural battles, - due to the transformation, the Shivera's voice sounded unusually hoarse. “Pay your precious attention there,” she pointed toward the stone bridge. It looked old, but reliable, quite capable of supporting the weight of the tractor.
It was not in vain that we went, - nodded Car. “If we don’t find another road, then we’ll go along it.
I'm interested in something else - how do we get into these works of engineering? - asked Yarika. “As you wish, but I don’t voluntarily go into slurry.”
And you go there too! the zarkkan threw up his hands. - What are you afraid of?
I'm a weak woman and I don't want to get my shoes dirty. Gracchus glanced skeptically at the boots of the Shivera: mid-calf, with thick soles.
Get your shoes dirty? - Car grinned. - Yarika, we will have to swim up to our neck in water ... in this nasty thing. It is better to leave the shoes here, then they will not be in danger.
Honey, I'm ready to swim, but not here and not now ...
There is nothing at all to sail, - began to persuade Gracchus. - Look. All workshops are connected to each other by special passages ...
Do you have anything common? - Car could not resist.
Damn you!
That's it, he stopped talking.
So that's it. Passages or decks are usually erected about a meter above the ground. A design feature is a way to avoid flooding. Our swamps sometimes flooded like this, the water level rose. And since the design of each workshop assumes a neighborhood with others, they must be somehow connected. For this, the flooring is used.
Are you saying that near the workshops themselves, the depth is only half a meter?
I can't say for sure, ”the zarkkan hesitated. - I said - as a rule, in a meter. Exceptions are possible. For conversations, they came close to the channel. The ooze in it swayed a little noticeably, but already a few meters to the side it froze without movement.
What is it? - squatting down, said Ersati.
But I'm not at all interested, ”Yarika snorted and threw a stone in front of her. He fell to the surface of the slurry, but did not fall, but remained lying, rolling forward a little. Gracchus fussed. He picked up an impressive stone, swung it well, threw it. A stone with a hard rustling sound rolled over the unwavering surface of the slurry, froze. The next cobblestone, thrown directly into the channel, disappeared without even leaving circles.
Yarika, do you know who you are?
Certainly! The very resourcefulness and insight.
I would even kiss you ... - Zarkkan turned to the Shivera. Claws split the air in front of his nose. - But I won't ...
Wait to rejoice. Ker stepped aside, lifted the long armature.
Let's check now ...
He crossed the bridge and jabbed the end of a metal bar into a black thing. The surface gave in, burst. From the hole that had opened, a slurry appeared reluctantly - it seemed to be squeezed out from the inside. A jab a meter further from the canal only led to the appearance of thin cracks.
The further, the stronger it is. And much stronger, - summed up Ersati. - Looks like we have a chance. Gracchus, let's go in your native swamps. It's a pity there are no wet feet. Although skis would be more suitable here. It reminds me more of ice than a quagmire.
We tried to tread carefully. The first, as the lightest, was Car. A few steps away from him Gracchus, Yarika closed the chain. Each had a long metal pole in his hands.
I will kill both if I fail, ”Yarika hissed. In a state of transformation, she became heavier than even a zarkkan. The first steps still broke off the fragile edges of the poorly frozen slurry, but at shallow depths it was not scary.
We are now a great target, - Yarika did not stop. “They don’t even have to aim. Shoot at your feet, and then watch as two idiots writhe in convulsions, trying to stay afloat.
This is the song of the handsome, - grinned Gracchus. “Although… why only two idiots? And you?
I can not breathe for about forty minutes. I'll get out somehow. Can you do that? Gracchus did not answer. They soon reached the deck. The workshop closest to the trinity was not the highest. No windows or visible exhaust vents. Only one, but a huge door, now tightly closed. Its entire surface is dotted with convex geometric patterns to the height of the zarkkan.
This is what I understand - a real workshop! - said Gracchus admiringly. He ran his hand along the wall. It looked as porous as a sponge. - He breathes!
Who is he? - asked Yarika.
The workshop, of course!
What is it like?
And what are you just being taught! the zarkkan muttered. - This is not the kind of concrete that people use. Ours is a real work of art. It is porous. The workshop works on the principle of a large thermos. Keeps you warm in winter and cool in summer. No dampness, great ventilation!
Preparation for the exam. Diagnostic work in the Russian language.
December 7, 2017
Option РЯ10701
We wish you success!
lazy
smile
mother (money)
front garden
tender
root. Write this word by inserting the missing letter.
note ... adorable
nearby (station)
hug..mother
sat..register
anal..genic
Answer: ___________________________.
root. Write this word by inserting the missing letter.
measurement ... measurement
see forging (food)
decayed (fence)
control
subtraction
Answer: ___________________________.
o..deal, (a little) to..paint (fence)
and ... tried, not ...
pr..wid, pr..built
pr..image, r..shot
from..skat, sport..game
Answer: ___________________________.
Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words.
Write these words by inserting the missing letter.
and ... tries, in ... head (institution)
pr..could, pr..bereg
super..gra, ob..sk
pr.. grandfather, pr..peak
(I see) in..real, since..young
Answer: ___________________________.
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Russian language. 10-11 grade. Option 10701
Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words.
Write these words by inserting the missing letter.
under..which, from..yat
(not) .. lived, free .. paid
from..heat, pos..yesterday
pr..high, pr..due
no ... delicious, ra ...
Answer: ___________________________.
to grow
arrogant
oil ...
human ... to
de-energize (line)
Answer: ___________________________.
shoot
exhausted ... (from fatigue)
enamel ... out
merciful
gun..so
Answer: ___________________________.
Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the pass.
arrogant
sorrel ... out
get sick
bag ... to
koch..vali
Answer: ___________________________.
Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the pass.
unacceptable
lined
(fog) is falling ...
sleep well
wobbled (blown by the wind)
Answer: ___________________________.
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written consent of StatGrad is prohibited
Russian language. 10-11 grade. Option 10701
Write down the word in which the letter E is written at the place of the pass.
regret ... rebellious
notice you
independent
offended ...
cloudy (mongrel)
Answer: ___________________________.
Write down the word in which the letter Y is written at the place of the pass.
chalk (grain)
listening
(they) are sword ... (out of fear)
(athletes) fight ...
venture (conversation)
Answer: ___________________________.
That long conversation, not in the least (NOT) UNDERSTANDING to other people's ears, brought
Oleg and Nastya.
(NOT) Doubting his decision for a minute, Arkasha left the house.
Vasily (NOT) HAD the courage to admit to himself that it was time
retreat, surrender.
The (NOT) overgrown with reeds attracted us, and we decided to spend the night
here.
I was offended by the (NOT) POLITE comment of a friend, but how icy
it was done in tone.
Answer: ___________________________.
Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written LITTLE.
Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
It was already far away (NOT) HOT, but a sunny September day, we
with the huntsman went to the marshes to watch the birds.
Even the tulle windows were (NOT) BLINDED with cold moonlight.
When Elizabeth, the muse of the writer, left him, to draw inspiration from him
it became (NOT) WHERE.
Appreciating sincerity in people and (NOT) ACCEPTING more than anything false, this
the nobleman preferred to be friends with the peasants, and not with the people of his
estates.
Olga, having learned about Sasha's arrival, ran out with her head (NOT) COVERED
to the snowy courtyard.
Answer: ___________________________.
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written consent of StatGrad is prohibited
Russian language. 10-11 grade. Option 10701
Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written LITTLE.
Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
The veranda door was (NOT) CLOSED.
This manuscript sheds light on a country that is (NOT) KNOWN to anyone in detail until now.
The robe had in Oblomov's eyes the darkness of (NOT) ESTIMATED merits.
The air here was (NOT) OUR, alien, and my heart ached.
The box turned out to be (NOT) something other than a repository of cartridges.
Answer: ___________________________.
(AT) THE END, the case was transferred to the district court, after which our
opponents went (ON) ON THE SPOT.
(B) OVER the year, the production output at the enterprise has increased (B) TWO.
If you and (V) TRUE are living a dream, it is important to keep believing in it,
WHAT (WOULD) people around you tell you.
(ON) THIS bridge, which was two stretched ropes with bamboo rungs, it was dangerous to go (IN) WITH TWO.
(IN) IN THE BEGINNING Gosh THAT (SAME) was afraid of the harsh huntsman, but soon he was
completely captivated by his ability to handle horses and dogs.
Answer: ___________________________.
Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled
LITTLE. Expand the brackets and write out these two words.
The body becomes immune to infection (B) EFFECT of immunization, also known as vaccination.
This paltry tavern conversation had an extraordinary effect on Raskolnikov
influence, (HOW) WILL there really be WHAT (THAT) predestination, indication.
(ON) WHAT and how my companion said, I (S) ONCE understood: he is a man
seasoned, strong.
It rained so hard at night that we all got wet (ON) THROUGH, but
there was no way to get into the village (ON).
Sasha thought it was better to move (ON) ONE, Borka
offered the SAME thing.
Answer: ___________________________.
© StatGrad 2017−2018 account d. Publication on the Internet or in print media without
written consent of StatGrad is prohibited
Russian language. 10-11 grade. Option 10701
Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled
LITTLE. Expand the brackets and write out these two words.
(B) CONTINUING the sea voyage, we (NOT) once fell into storms.
It was not SO (THAT) easy to lure Chekhov into a political party: his
he expressed his protest against injustice and cruelty.
(B) DIFFERENT from others, Zelensky was ready to speak, although excellent
understood that Rybin had (V) VIEW when he made an appointment.
"(FROM) WHY are you so sad?" - with excitement in his voice, bowing his head
(ON) BOK, Maria asked.
Whatever the guest said, he knew how to (ON) TRUE to ignite, inspire
interlocutor.
Answer: ___________________________.
Indicate all numbers in the place of which one letter H is written.
In mid-September it was windy (1) about; yellow and scarlet (2) leaves,
doomed (3) about obeying the gusts of wind, desperate (4) round dances circled the streets and squares and, mixing with silver (5) cobwebs,
flew away somewhere into the distance.
Answer: ___________________________.
Such lovely women are born on the ashes of old estates, always
undetermined (1) age and extraordinary (2) kindness; never they
get married, take on all sorts of hardships, bringing up y (3) s
nephews, and, having brought up, get over, all in the same elm (4) black
dress and with a cardboard case for glasses, on a new ashes, dreaming
about read (5) books and worldwide wellness.
Answer: ___________________________.
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.
I patiently examined the sand (1) sandbanks and fresh pebbles.
in search of interesting stones; a light breeze was blowing, the waves were
meek and meek (2) s. It seemed to me that I was wandering in the sacrament (3),
left (4) all over the world.
Answer: ___________________________.
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written consent of StatGrad is prohibited
Preparation for the exam. Diagnostic work in the Russian language.
"Spelling (positions 8-14 USE)". 10-11 grade
December 7, 2017
Option РЯ10702
Completed: full name _________________________________ class ______
Work instructions
To perform diagnostic work in the Russian language, it is given
45 minutes. The work includes 21 tasks.
Write down the answers to each task in the space provided.
If you write down an incorrect answer, cross it out and write a new one next to it.
When performing work, it is not allowed to use the textbook,
workbooks, grammar reference books, spelling
dictionaries, other reference materials.
We advise you to complete the tasks in the order in which they are given. For
save time, skip a task that cannot be completed immediately,
and move on to the next one. If after completing all the work you have
there will be time, you can return to the missed tasks.
We wish you success!
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written consent of StatGrad is prohibited
Identify a word missing an unstressed checkable vowel
root. Write this word by inserting the missing letter.
counting
m .. rkovny
rec..nzent
emission.
escaped
Answer: ___________________________.
Identify a word missing an unstressed unchecked vowel
root. Write this word by inserting the missing letter.
float ... wok
rel .. mother
I found it wrong
fest..val
irrelevant
Answer: ___________________________.
Identify a word missing an unstressed alternating vowel
root. Write this word by inserting the missing letter.
dr ..
g .. rchitsa
op..reparation
st..lized
lazy
Answer: ___________________________.
Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words.
Write these words by inserting the missing letter.
by .. beard, o .. hooked
pr..language, p..rodnik
vz..played, inter..gaming
ave .. builds, ave .. submitted (lesson)
ave..deal (patience), ave..cute
Answer: ___________________________.
Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words.
Write these words by inserting the missing letter.
pr .. silent, r .. sent
ave..bought, ave..return
and ... scare, not ... bendable
by..given (closer), oh..to guess
pr..high, pr..communicated
Answer: ___________________________.
© StatGrad 2017−2018 account d. Publication on the Internet or in print media without
written consent of StatGrad is prohibited
Russian language. 10-11 grade. Option 10702
Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words.
Write these words by inserting the missing letter.
pr..meta, pr..wise
pod..kal, s..gral
o..tore, to..stay
be ... delicious, ... squeeze (in the palm of your hand)
pr.. started (to the point), pr..to rip (silence)
Answer: ___________________________.
Write down the word in which the letter E is written at the place of the pass.
armchair ...
pressure .. steep
capture
hush ... on
move .. my
Answer: ___________________________.
Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the pass.
koch..vat
coat..so
suede .. out
overshadow
thoughtful .. out
Answer: ___________________________.
Write down the word in which the letter E is written at the place of the pass.
lock ... to
accumulate
smudge .. out
equip ... equip
peas..inka
Answer: ___________________________.
Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the pass.
hopefully ... standing up (on a friend)
washed out..washed (sweater)
quarrel ... you are
(snow) ta..t
off
Answer: ___________________________.
© StatGrad 2017−2018 account d. Publication on the Internet or in print media without
written consent of StatGrad is prohibited
Russian language. 10-11 grade. Option 10702
Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the pass.
unacceptable
lined
(fog) is falling ...
trying ... you're trying
real estate ... my (property)
Answer: ___________________________.
Write down the word in which the letter Y is written at the place of the pass.
slow (with a solution)
(they) put up..t (posters)
number .. growing (shrub)
dependent (from parents)
(they) are closed ... (signature)
Answer: ___________________________.
Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written LITTLE.
Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
We lived poorly, constantly (DON'T) EATED, exchanged those things for food,
which they brought with them.
My trained gaze determined that the area is (NOT) yet HANDLED,
but I still decided to look for at least some signs of a human
presence.
It is still far (NOT) CLEAR whether such
evaluation criterion.
The zoo accepts (NOT) SOLD OUT for the New Year fruits, which
elephants, kangaroos, bears and artiodactyls will feast on.
She is an amazing Russian actress, he is (NOT) KNOWN to anyone
a brilliant teacher, and both are true servants of the theater.
Answer: ___________________________.
Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written LITTLE.
Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
This (UNKNOWN) person acted as if he were all
knows those present well.
Our hero constantly (NOT) ENOUGH money, because they were spent
quickly and stupidly.
Today's performance turned out to be (NOT) more INTERESTING than yesterday's.
(NOT) KNOWLEDGE to speak in public, Demidov was very worried in front of
meeting.
I didn’t know how to start a conversation in such (UN) COMMON environment.
Answer: ___________________________.
© StatGrad 2017−2018 account d. Publication on the Internet or in print media without
written consent of StatGrad is prohibited
Russian language. 10-11 grade. Option 10702
Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written LITTLE.
Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
During the years of the Great Patriotic War, (NOT) FEW poems appeared, but
the most significant work was Tvardovsky's "Vasily Turkin".
Far (NOT) NEW clash in literature becomes the basis of the plot
strong personality and crowd.
"Sometimes it is more important (NOT) WHAT is said, but how it is said!" - with this phrase Igor ended our dispute.
The door was (NOT) LOCKED, and I cautiously entered the house.
(NOT) SHAVED for almost a week, with tousled hair,
haggard, my brother was a pitiful sight.
Answer: ___________________________.
Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled
LITTLE. Expand the brackets and write out these two words.
The electrician loudly shouted to me (IN) FIND OUT WHAT (WOULD) I ask
the foreman to send two more people to help him.
(B) FOR THE WEEK Pavel ran 8 kilometers daily and
(B) SOON has returned to its normal form.
Ivan knew about what happened exactly THAT (SAME) as the other sailors,
(ON) THIS could not add anything important.
(C) VIEW Cessation of public funding for building renovation
will be made (AT) the expense of the enterprise.
WHAT (WOULD) I want to say goodbye to you, my dear friends,
which today I leave, perhaps (ON) ALWAYS?
Answer: ___________________________.
Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled
LITTLE. Expand the brackets and write out these two words.
(BY) THE calmness that reigned (BY) EVERYWHERE, it seemed to us that the rain
no longer.
The sail was usually tucked underneath and lowered only (DURING)
severe storm, THAT (WOULD) reduce the sail area.
(B) CONTINUING the day we (B) WILL admired the ducks and returned home in a cheerful mood.
Folding the bag (B) TWO, Arseny quickly jumped into the boat, it is from his weight
bent (B) BOK, but soon straightened.
(AT) AT THE BEGINNING Yegorka was very scared, but he managed to gather will
into a fist, SO (THAT) no one noticed his brief confusion.
Answer: ___________________________.
© StatGrad 2017−2018 account d. Publication on the Internet or in print media without
written consent of StatGrad is prohibited
Russian language. 10-11 grade. Option 10702
Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled
LITTLE. Expand the brackets and write out these two words.
Task number 1 2
Task number 2 12
Task number 3 12
Task number 4 16
Task number 5 18
Task number 6 19
Task number 7 20
Task number 8 21
Task number 9 22
References 24
Option number 13
Task number 1
Insert missing letters and punctuation marks, explain their spelling and staging.
Text 34. Vetluga.
When I woke up, I could not figure out where I was for a long time. Above me, like a gigantic tent, the blue sky spread over which a sparkling cloud floated and melted quietly. Throwing my head a little, I could see in the height a dark wooden church, naively looking at me from the steep, high as a rock, from behind the green trees. To the right, a few yards away from me, stood some kind of hut unfamiliar to me, and at my very feet, transparent as glass, a river splashed - the beautiful Vetluga. Its banks, vague and mysterious, stood as if listening to the incessant rustle of the river.
When at dawn, about three hours ago, I lay down here, waiting for the Vetluzhsky steamer, the water was still far away, behind an old boat lying on the shore. Now it soared and rocked by the tide and the river splashed almost to my very feet.
Vetluga, obviously, jumped. Frisky streams ran, pushing, spinning, curling up like funnels and developing again.
In earnest, the outraged Vetluga greatly disturbed all those who were waiting for the crossing, even the carrier himself. But, in spite of everything, the ferry proceeded as usual, and the voices thundered and rolled over the river.
Soon the long-awaited steamer smoothly ran out onto the stretch, blinking the lights pale at dawn. The sun had long been gilding the tops of the woods of the welcome, and I, sleepless, sat on the upper deck and admired all the new corners that the beautiful river generously opened up, still shrouded in some places with a bluish mist, like smoke.
(According to V.G. Korolenko)
When I woke up, I could not figure out where I was for a long time.
1) A single adverbial participle is isolated if it retains the meaning of the verb, acting as a secondary predicate and indicating the time of the action, its reason, condition, etc .; the subordinate clause is separated from the main comma or separated by commas on both sides, if it is inside the main clause.
2) I could not - Negation not with verbs (in personal form, in the infinitive, in the form of a participle) is written separately.
Above me, like a gigantic tent, the blue sky spread over which a sparkling cloud floated and melted quietly.
1) Commas are used to highlight or separate comparative phrases that begin with a union as if they denote assimilation, without other shades of meaning (as meaning "similar"); the subordinate clause is separated from the main comma or separated by commas on both sides, if it is inside the main clause.
2) Above me - necessary - preposition, written separately with pronouns.
3) Giant - Final consonant stems d and t before the suffix -sk- are preserved; to check the spelling of a dubious consonant, you need to change the form of the word or choose a related word so that the checked consonant is followed by a vowel sound or one of the consonants l, m, n, p (giants).
Consider how task A26 is presented in the 2013 demo version:
A26.In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in their place in the sentence must be commas?
After the third bell rang (1), the curtain trembled and slowly crawled up (2) and (3) as soon as the audience saw their favorite (4) the walls of the theater literally trembled with applause and enthusiastic screams.
1) 1, 2, 3, 4 2) 1, 2 3) 3, 4 4) 2
Is your answer 1? Right.
To prepare the material for this assignment, the collection "OPTIMAL BANK OF TASKS FOR PREPARING STUDENTS" was used. Unified State Exam 2012. RUSSIAN LANGUAGE. Stages of preparation for the successful passing of the exam. Tasks and algorithms for their implementation. Authors: S.V. Drabkina, D.I. Subbotin. Moscow. Intellect Center, 2012.
In this task, there is usually either a syntactic structure with a subordinate and compositional connection, or an SPP with sequential subordination of clauses.
What is required from students: knowledge of the topic “Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with union and non-union connection. A complex sentence with different types of communication. Punctuation at the junction of unions. "
1. Punctuation at the junction of conjunctions
Since in this task there is such a punctuation chart as a union of unions, we will repeat the theory and recall the corresponding punctuation rule.
A union junction is the space in a sentence between two unions:
· - between two subordinate unions;
· - between the compositional and submissive union.
A comma is placed at the junction of two unions, if the second union does not have a continuation in the form of the words TO, BUT and etc.
A comma is NOT placed at the junction of two unions if the second union has a continuation in the form of the words TO, BUT and etc.
Compare two examples:
1) D.S. Likhachev wrote, what if you will have a respectful attitude towards others, the memory of the rules of good behavior will come.
2) D.S. Likhachev wrote, what if you will have respect for others, then the memory of the rules of good behavior will come.
These syntax constructs contain union junction(two subordinate unions WHAT + IF are located nearby). In the first sentence, the union IF has no continuation in the form of the word THAT, therefore, at the junction of the unions, we put a comma (WHAT, IF). In the second sentence, the IF union has a continuation in the form of the word THEN (IF ... THEN), therefore, at the junction of the unions, DO NOT put a comma (WHAT IF).
2. Punctuation before the conjunction AND in a complex sentence
In task A26, there is another difficulty: punctuation before the union of I.
Let's compare two sentences and determine in which of them a comma is placed before the AND union, and in which not (punctuation marks are not placed):
1) The young writer looked closely at the people around him (1) and (2) if he noticed something interesting (3) wrote down his observations (4) so that he could then use them in his books.
2) On this day, we had dinner for four (1) and (2) when dessert was served (3) the girl capriciously said (4) that the cherry compote was not tasty.
In the first sentence, the union And connects homogeneous predicates ("looked closely" and "wrote down"), therefore, in place of the numbers (1) no comma... In place of the number (2) we put a comma: this is the junction of the AND + IF unions, with the second IF there is no continuation in the form of the THEN union. In place of the numbers (3) and (4) also commas are put, as on the border of the main and subordinate parts. So the correct answer is 2,3,4.
In the second sentence, the union And connects two simple sentences as part of a complex (the first grammatical base "we had dinner", the second grammatical base "the girl said"), therefore, in place of the numbers (1) a comma is put... In place of the number (2), a comma should also be put: this is the junction of the unions AND + WHEN, with the second union WHEN there is no continuation in the form of the word TO. In place of the numbers (3) and (4), there should also be commas, as on the border of the main and subordinate parts. So the correct answer is 1,2,3,4.
To complete task A26 use the following algorithm:
1. Indicate the grammatical foundations in the sentence.
2. Determine the boundaries of simple parts in a complex syntactic structure.
Untidiness in clothes is, first of all, disrespect for the people around you, and disrespect for oneself. It's not about being smartly dressed.
Dandy clothes have maybe an exaggerated idea of their own elegance, and for the most part, dandy is on the verge of being funny. You need to be dressed cleanly and tidily, in the style that suits you best, and depending on your age. Sportswear will not make an old man an athlete if he doesn’t play sports. A "professor" hat and black formal suit are impossible on the beach or in the forest picking mushrooms.
And how should we assess the attitude towards the language we speak? Language, even more than clothing, testifies to a person's taste, his attitude to the world around him, to himself.
There are all sorts of sloppiness in the language of man. If a person was born and lives far from the city and speaks his own dialect, there is no sloppiness in this. I don’t know about others, but I like these local dialects, if they are strictly maintained. I like their melodiousness, I like local words, local expressions. Dialects are often an inexhaustible source of enrichment for the Russian literary language. Once in a conversation with me the writer Fyodor Aleksandrovich Abramov said: “From the Russian North they took out granite for the construction of St. Petersburg and took out the word - the word in the stone blocks of epics, lamentations, lyric songs ... the literary language is simply to spoil the epics. "
It is a different matter if a person lives in a city for a long time, knows the norms of the literary language, but retains the forms and words of his village. This may be because he considers them beautiful and is proud of them. It doesn't bother me. Let him both okay and keep his usual melodiousness. In this I see pride in my homeland - my village. This is not bad, and it does not humiliate a person. It is as beautiful as the now forgotten blouse, but only on the person who wore it since childhood got used to it. If he put it on in order to show off in it, to show that he is “truly rustic,” then this is both funny and cynical: “Look what I am like: I don't care that I live in the city. I want to be different from all of you! "
Flaunting rudeness in language, like flaunting rudeness in manners, sloppiness in clothes, is a widespread phenomenon, and it basically indicates a person's psychological insecurity, his weakness, and not at all about strength. The speaker seeks to suppress the feeling of fear, fear, sometimes just apprehension with a rude joke, a harsh expression, irony, cynicism. By rude nicknames of teachers, it is the weak-willed students who want to show that they are not afraid of them. This happens semi-consciously. I'm not even talking about the fact that this is a sign of bad manners, lack of intelligence, and sometimes cruelty. But the same background underlies any rude, cynical, recklessly ironic expressions in relation to those phenomena of everyday life that somehow traumatize the speaker. By this, rudely speaking people seem to want to show that they are higher than those phenomena that in fact they are afraid of. Any slang, cynical expressions and swearing are based on weakness. People who “spit with words” demonstrate their contempt for the traumatic phenomena in life because they bother them, torment them, worry that they feel weak, not protected against them.
A truly strong and healthy, balanced person will not speak loudly unnecessarily, will not swear and use slang words. After all, he is sure that his word is so weighty.
Our language is an essential part of our overall behavior in life. And by the way a person speaks, we can immediately and easily judge who we are dealing with: we can determine the degree of intelligence of a person, the degree of his psychological balance, the degree of his possible "complexes" (there is such a sad phenomenon in the psychology of some weak people, but now I cannot explain it - this is a big and special question).
It is necessary to learn good, calm, intelligent speech for a long time and carefully - listening, memorizing, noticing, reading and studying. But even though it is difficult, it is necessary, it is necessary. Our speech is the most important part not only of our behavior (as I said), but also of our personality, our soul, mind ...
(D.S. Likhachev)
Writing
The main problem posed by D.S. Likhachev in this text is the problem of a person's relationship to language. What role does speech play in creating a person's image? What is behind the rudeness, abuse, cynical expressions? These are the questions the author is asking.
This problem is very relevant to our modern life. A negligent attitude towards the word is characteristic of the younger generation, who have mastered the language of SMS texts and Internet users. This primitive language impoverishes the spiritual world of young people. That is why D. S. Likhachev wants to draw the readers' attention to this problem.
The scientist believes that our language is the most important component of our communication. And a person's speech often forms his image in the eyes of others. At the same time, the author does not condemn dialect speech, he understands that this language "does not require correction." But rudeness, violation of literary norms, cynical expressions, unfounded irony - all these phenomena cause the scientist's sincere indignation. He notes that behind all this lies not only a lack of education, lack of intelligence, but also the inner weakness of people, their fear, insecurity in front of life phenomena. In the finale, he urges us to "learn good, calm, intelligent speech."
Text by D.S. Likhachev is very bright, imaginative, expressive. Revealing his point of view, he uses a variety of means of artistic expression: comparison (“this is as beautiful as the now forgotten blouse”), an epithet (“recklessly ironic expressions”), rows of homogeneous members (“The speaker seeks with a rough joke, a sharp expression, irony , to suppress the feeling of fear, fear, sometimes just fear by cynicism ").
Violation of the culture of speech is also investigated by K. Chukovsky in his book “Alive as life. Stories about the Russian language ”. This writer is very concerned about the rapid development of bureaucracy in our country, the primitiveness of youth jargon. He also believes that such a language simplifies our thinking.
Thus, according to S. Lvov, language is closely related to our thinking, psychology, and way of life. Language forms the image of a person, reveals his inner world. And here I involuntarily recall the words of Socrates: "Speak so that I can see you."