It is a metal plate, on the surface of which there are several rows of pins made by stamping.
It is they who, during the installation of this fastening element, "dig" into the wood and are firmly fixed in it.
Depending on the variety and size, nail plates can have from 2 to 16 rows of spikes, the height of which is usually about 8-14 millimeters.
The fastener is made of galvanized steel with a thickness of 1 to 1.5 mm by cold stamping, the teeth are up to 14 mm high.
What are the serrated plates made of?
Serial production of nail (toothed) plates is carried out on a specialized industrial equipment... They are made of galvanized sheet steel.
In the production of this type of fastener, powerful hydraulic presses with high productivity are actively used.
This equipment makes it possible to obtain high-quality and, which is important, relatively inexpensive nail plates in large quantities.
Scope of application of nail plates with GP marking
Metal toothed nail plates are also used as connectors for construction.
They are great for a strong connection between elements. wooden rafters used in the construction of buildings with large spans.
Fastening plates (toothed) are also used to connect the timber, and it turns out to be very strong and durable. This fastener greatly simplifies and speeds up the assembly of lattice frames.
Advantages of spiked mounting plates
Spike fastener connectors have gained widespread popularity due to the many advantages and benefits that their use promises.
The main one is, perhaps, that this fastener guarantees a strong and durable connection. wooden parts... At the same time, the wood does not split, its integrity is preserved.
Due to the presence of a high-quality anti-corrosion coating, the nail plates practically do not rust, which is especially important for such a hygroscopic material as wood.
Building frame houses, in recent times, is gaining momentum more and more. This is due to the fact that it is frame housing construction, in the most short time can make your dream come true by giving you your own, country, warm, natural and environmentally friendly clean house... Moreover, note that frame houses are relatively inexpensive, because their construction implies savings on the foundation, as well as the use of labor.
The strength of such structures is undeniable. The fact is that thanks to innovations, new types of fasteners have recently begun to be actively used, one of which is the nail plate. Actually, we will talk about what exactly this fastener is in this article.
Nail plate, application features
Such fasteners are supplied to the market building materials in the form of a plate, which is made of alloy or galvanized steel. The latter allows the plate not to oxidize or rust, performing its functions for a sufficiently long period of time. This plate is called a nail because the nails (thorns) obtained during stamping protrude perpendicular to its plane. Average length one spike is equal to 8 to 9 mm. Depending on the application, one nail plate may have different number strips with teeth.
The plate itself is very thin, which allows it to be used at almost any stage of home construction. However, the main area of application of the plate is the construction of the rafter system. In this case, the dimensions of the fasteners are selected based on the dimensions of one rafter. As a result, a plane, say, 50 mm wide and 110 mm long, allows you to fasten the rafters that are in the same plane without using an additional fastener, including nails and screws.
One of the main problems that a potential consumer may face when using a plate is natural moisture wood. As you know, wood dries up during operation, changing its shape, weight and volume. In this regard, when using a plate with nails, for example, when building a log house, one should not save on the foundation so that the effect of changing the geometry of the building does not increase due to the subsidence of the house under its weight. Only in this case, nail fasteners can fully reveal all their useful properties:
- Strong and durable connection. It is scientifically proven that today no fastener can compete with a nail plate. At the same time, it does not scold the integrity of the tree, does not lead to rotting, does not cause cracks and chips to appear.
- Complete absence of rafter swaying, even in strong gusty winds. Moreover (of course, if straight cut) "Monolithic" base of this fastener provides the tightest connection.
- No shrinkage. Even if your house is not built well enough and during its operation it shrinks, be sure that the geometry of the rafter system will not curvature, which will not lead to a change in its shape.
- Does not rust. Some models of plates are additionally covered with a galvanized coating. But, even without it, rust will be completely absent.
- The installation process of such fasteners does not require the use of electrical prioritizers. In addition, when compared with ordinary nails and screws, it must be said that the installation of the nail strip is much faster.
- Low cost. Buy nail plate for construction own home everyone can. In general, it is sold in any city in our country, but in Moscow, it can be purchased at the address: Moscow region, Balashikha, st. Soviet, 35.
- Excellent compatibility with all types of trees. There are times that metal pins They are simply rejected by the tree, as a result of which the wood begins to rot and soon require replacement. In the case of a nail plate, this is guaranteed not to happen for the entire life of your frame house.
Such wooden structures are most relevant for the construction of garages, homestead buildings and summer cottages.
This technical guidance describes the principles of joining parts, provides illustrations of the main structural units and recommendations for the selection of sections of wooden hanging elements rafter systems.
More complex types wooden structures must be calculated and assembled at the manufacturer's plant.
Rice. 11.01 Installation of homemade wooden hanging truss systems. The joints of the lower chord should rest on the load-bearing walls in the middle of the span.
- The upper and lower chords of the structures are in the same plane.
- Perforated steel plates are located on both sides.
- The lower construction chord is attached to the upper overlap.
- Wooden strips may only be nailed on one side.
- Bolted connection using external toothed lock washers clamped between the parts to be joined and also using washers.
Rice. 11.02 Span, roof angle, location load-bearing wall
1. The lower belt of self-made wooden triangular three-articulated arches (hanging rafter systems), designed for a span of more than 4.2 m, should rest in the middle on a load-bearing wall.
Rice. 11.03 An example of a steel perforated plate with a hole pattern to ensure optimal distance between the nails Table 11.1
| Snow load S 0, kN / m2 | Roof angle 18 ° ≤ α ≤ 22 ° | Roof angle 22 ° ≤ α ≤ 37 ° | Roof angle 37 ° ≤ α ≤ 45 ° | ||||||||||
| Span L *, m | Upper belt h, mm | Lower belt h, mm | Upper belt h, mm | Lower belt h, mm | Connection of upper and lower chords, joint of parts of the lower chord ***** | Upper belt h, mm | Lower belt h, mm | Connection of upper and lower chords, joint of parts of the lower chord ***** | |||||
| Number of nails **** | D st. Washers ***, mm | Number of nails **** | D st. Washers ***, mm | Number of nails **** | D st. Washers ***, mm | ||||||||
| 2,5 | 3,0 | 123 | 173 | 6 | 50 | 123 | 173 | 5 | 50 | 123 | 173 | 3 | 50 |
| 3,6 | 148 | 198 | 7 | 62 | 148 | 198 | 6 | 50 | 148 | 198 | 4 | 50 | |
| 4,2 | 173 | 223 | 8 | - | 173 | 223 | 7 | 62 | 173 | 223 | 4 | 50 | |
| 4,8 | 198 | 148 | 9 | - | 198 | 148 | 8 | - | 198 | 148 | 5 | 62 | |
| 5.4 | 198 | 148 | 10 | - | 198 | 148 | 8 | - | 198 | 148 | 5 | 62 | |
| 6.0 | 223 | 173 | 11 | - | 223 | 173 | 9 | - | 223 | 173 | 5 | 62 | |
| 6,6 | 223 | 173 | 12 | - | 223 | 173 | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 4,5 | 3,0 | 123 | 173 | 8 | - | 123 | 173 | 7 | 62 | 123 | 173 | 4 | 50 |
| 3,6 | 173 | 198 | 10 | - | 148 | 198 | 9 | - | 148 | 198 | 5 | 62 | |
| 4,2 | 198 | 223 | 11 | - | 173 | 223 | 10 | - | 173 | 223 | 6 | 62 | |
| 4,8 | 223 | 148 | 13 | - | 223 | 148 | 11 | - | 223 | 148 | 7 | - | |
| 5,4 | 223 | 148 | 14 | - | 223 | 148 | 12 | - | 223 | 148 | 7 | - | |
| 6,5 | 3,0 | 148 | 173 | 11 | - | 148 | 173 | 9 | - | 148 | 173 | 5 | 62 |
| 3,6 | 173 | 198 | 13 | - | 173 | 198 | 11 | - | 173 | 198 | 6 | - | |
| 4,2 | 223 | 223 | 15 | - | 198 | 223 | 13 | - | 198 | 223 | 7 | - | |
|
* The thickness of the construction belts is 48 mm, the grade of lumber is the 3rd, the center distance between the arches is 600 mm. |
|||||||||||||
Rice. 11.04 Basic parameters of homemade wooden rectangular arches - The upper belt of a homemade wooden triangular arch.
- Lower belt.
- Span.
- Overhang.
- Roof angle.
- The load-bearing wall strapping must reach up to the outer edge of the junction of the upper and lower truss chords.
- The overhang of the roof should not exceed 500 mm.
Rice. 11.05 Joining the upper and lower chords of the structure using perforated steel plates and nails - For homemade wooden arches, in this case, plates are used on both sides:
100 × 240 × 1.5 mm, if the span is up to 4.2 m
100 × 300 × 1.5 mm, if the span is more than 4.2 m
In this case, the calculated snow load should be less than 4.5 kN / m2 - Minimum distance from the end wooden element should be more than 60mm.
- In this case, you need to use corrugated nails 4.0 × 40 mm, evenly distributing them over the plate, observing the minimum indents (items 3 and 4). The number of nails per connection is selected according to table 11.1.
Table 11.2
Rice. 11.06 Connecting the upper and lower flanges of the arches using a bolt and two one-sided lock washers with external teeth, clamped between the parts to be joined, as well as using washers - Lock washers with external teeth - 2 pcs. The diameter of the lock washers is selected according to table 11.1.
- Bolt, 20 mm. Minimum distances from the end and edges of timber elements, see table 11.2.
- Washer, 60 × 60 × 5 mm.
Rice. 11.07 Joining the upper chords of triangular arches in the ridge using perforated steel plates and nails - Perforated steel plates 80 × 140 × 1.5 mm are used on both sides.
- On each side, 2 grooved nails 4.0 × 40 mm are hammered along the outer edge of the plate.
- The area of the plate that is allowed to be used for driving nails.
- The minimum distance from the end of the wooden element must be more than 40mm.
- The minimum distance from the edge of the wood element must be more than 28mm.
Rice. 11.08 Joining the upper chords of the arches in the ridge using plank or plywood overlays - Overlay 148 × 300 mm from a board with a thickness of more than 30 mm or from plywood with a thickness of more than 15 mm.
- The area of the plate that is allowed to be used for driving nails.
- Nails 3.5 × 90 mm, 8 pcs. from each side.
Rice. 11.09 The joint of the lower belt of a homemade wooden triangular arch should always be located above the support. If there is no support, then breaks in the lower chord are unacceptable, and the maximum length of the lower chord should be less than 4.2 m 
Rice. 11.10 Joining the elements of the lower chord of the arch using steel perforated plates and nails - Perforated steel plates 100 × 300 × 1.5 mm are mounted on each side and centered on the joint.
- The area of the plate that is allowed to be used for driving nails.
- Grooved nails 4.0 x 40 mm should be placed as evenly as possible over the outer holes of the plate.
Rice. 11.11 Joining the elements of the lower belt of the arches using bolts and one-sided lock washers with external teeth, clamped between the parts to be joined, as well as using washers - The joint of the elements of the lower belt of the arch.
- The minimum distances are given in table 11.2.
- The thickness of the lining and the thickness of the elements of the lower chord of the arch must be the same.
- Lock washers with external teeth - 2 pcs. to connect. The diameter of the lock washers is selected according to table 11.1.
- Bolt, 20 mm.
- Washer, 60 × 60 × 5 mm.
Rice. 11.12 Diagonal wind braces 23 × 98 are attached to each triangular arch 1. Diagonal wind link.
Rice. 11.13 Diagonal wind ties are attached to the lower edge of the upper chords of the arch with 3 nails 2.8 × 75 or 3.4 × 95 mm 1. Fastening the diagonal wind brace to upper belt constructions.
Rice. 11.14 Anchoring wooden arches with perforated steel strips 
Rice. 11.15 If on the way of installation of the arch come across chimneys or other obstacles, then the arch is shifted to the side. On the other side of the obstacle, an additional arch is installed - A triangular arch that should be moved to the side.
- Additional triangular arch.
The material was prepared by the designer Vladislav Vorotyntsev on the basis of the Norwegian frame house building technology developed by the SINTEF Institute
The nail plate is used to fasten the rafter part of the house, as well as for connections in frame house building... It is a strip (plate) made of galvanized sheet steel with stamped nails (teeth). Production of nail plates by cold stamping on hydraulic press allows you to get high-quality connecting elements. Standard insert teeth are 8 millimeters high. One nail plate can have from 2 to 16 rows of teeth.
The thickness of the nail plate is from 1 millimeter, the width can be, depending on the standard size, from 20 to 132 millimeters, and the length is from 76 to 1250 millimeters. With metal cogs connecting plates such wooden structural elements as boards, beams, beams, lying in the same plane, can be connected without the use of nails, screws and other fasteners.
Why mounting can be a problem
The issue of fastening is very important due to the characteristics of the wood, its "behavior" depending on weather conditions. With a change in the degree of humidity, wooden building elements decrease or increase in size and often bend. As a result, large and long-term "stresses" arise in the places of their connections and abutments. The reason for this may also be the construction of a light foundation or its complete absence(which is possible based on low weight and elasticity wooden structures), leading to a change in the geometry of these structures.
When using a metal plate, increased corrosion resistance of the connecting element is provided, which favors its operation under conditions high humidity, as well as when performing external work.
Nail plate properties
The connecting nail (toothed) plate has important advantages in comparison with other types of mounts. For example, from separately driven nails, each of which is on its own.
- * The strength of the bond to the wood is achieved the shape of the teeth and the angle of their inclination, arrangement in rows. At the junction of the elements of wooden structures, the nail plate forms a connection with high strength characteristics, with which no other fastening element can compete. These indicators have been verified by many mechanical tests of structures.
-*Common monolithic platform- the base, on which all the teeth are attached, excludes the possibility of their mobility and swaying. The platform becomes a common, connecting base for the connected parts of the structure, due to which the connection is again given the quality of strength.
allow to provide excellent strength even when splicing wooden structural elements with butt joints.
- * Details are attached extremely tightly. it's the same proven empirically... For example, a beam assembled using a plate of two butt-connected wooden beams, when acting on a fracture, it broke not at the junction of structural elements, but in the monolithic part of the bar. Thus, the monolithic platform of the nail plate completely prevents shifting or loosening of the teeth and becomes a solid foundation connecting node.
- * If necessary electroplating possible- this is a possible additional service at the request of the customer. This coating will add extra durability to the steel nail plate.
- * Metal toothed plates install faster than traditional fasteners, thanks to the peculiar design. This will significantly save time for construction and installation works for fastening elements of rafter and rafter systems.
- * Due to the possibility of manufacturing floor beams with specially designed for these purposes "corridors" this method of fastening facilitates the laying of communications(ventilation ducts).
The listed qualities of nail connecting plates have become the reason for their widespread widespread use in the construction and construction of wooden structures for any purpose. The simplicity of the design of the nail plates brings exceptional strength and durability to the joint.
Experience in using nail plates
Steel nail plates have been used for over twenty years in Canada and the USA, namely in North America they began to be massively used in the construction of wooden structures. This fastening method is now widely used throughout Europe. With the help of industrially produced roof structures on the basis of plates, you can build almost any type of roofs, attics, attic spaces, skylights, etc.
Roofs using nail plates are applicable in all types of structures, for example:
-dwelling houses,
-industrial,
-agricultural,
-sport and commercial facilities.
In addition to rafter structures, this technology can be successfully used with:
- reconstruction of buildings and flat roofs where plates are considered an indispensable type of fastener;
- production of panels for walls;
- production of lattice frames,
- construction of formwork for concrete structures,
- construction of large-span buildings made entirely of wood.
The possibility of creating trusses with a span of more than 30 meters without internal supports, which has arisen in connection with the use of connecting plates, is widely used (for example, tennis courts). Plates can be successfully used when splicing boards lengthwise.
Serrated (nail) plate is a strong, fast and economical connection for timber structures. Distinctive advantages and properties of this fastening contribute to its ever wider distribution during construction. wooden houses and structures in our country. The possibility of purchasing this product is becoming more and more affordable, and those who are interested can appreciate the convenience and quality of this fastener in practice.
Metal Serrated Plates (MSP)- these are steel elements with a thickness of 1 ... 2 mm, which are obtained by stamping and have a working side sharp metal teeth different shapes and length,
each of which has its own functional purpose, photo 1. МЗП, due to their teeth, their shape, angle of inclination and location, provide high strength of fastening with wood.
MZP - the use of plates, their varieties and characteristics, installation
Photo 1. Metal-toothed plates
МЗП are intended for installation of roofing and other structures made of wood. Minimum wages have optimal thickness, the shape and number of teeth for the construction of structures with such spans:
- up to 12 m - roof trusses, floor trusses;
- up to 30 m - arched and frame structures;
- up to 10 m - beams.
You should be aware that, in general, designs using MZP are carried out in an industrial environment. This is especially true for such constructions as:
- Wall panels;
- floor beams;
- cover trusses.
This is due to the fact that in production it is easy to fix structural elements in the exact design position, and allows robots to perform with high precision(± 10mm) and quality. Photo 2 shows the nodes of the structure with the use of MZP.
Photo 2. Units and structures using MZP
For accurate fixation of structural elements at the enterprise, the following equipment must be used:
- hanging press clip with a conductor;
- mobile press;
- stationary press.
The metal-toothed plates are made of galvanized cold-rolled steel. The steel has a zinc coating with a thickness of 14 ... 17 microns.
Metal-toothed elements are used not only in industrial housing construction, but also in private. Also, with the help of the MZP, you can perform the device wooden formwork and manufacturing of packaging containers.
The main types of MWB are divided depending on their thickness, and the thickness determines the width of the plate and the area of its application with different cross-sections of beams. Most manufacturers produce MZP in three thicknesses: 1; 1.2; 2 mm, tab. 1. Below are their main parameters.
Table 1
Types of minimum wage
|
Position |
MZP-1.0 |
MZP-1,2 |
|
|
Appointment |
For joining elements up to 38 mm thick |
For joining elements up to 60 mm thick |
|
|
Material |
Cink Steel |
Cink Steel |
|
|
Plate thickness |
|||
|
Plate width |
|||
|
Plate length |
Any length divisible by 25 mm starting from 50 mm (at the request of the customer) |
||
|
Additional plate sizes |
|
||
|
Tooth height |
|||
There are MSPs that can be used to connect wooden beams with a thickness of 70 mm or more. Manufacturers offer the following plates, depending on their thickness:
BUT) with a thickness of 1.2 mm:
- length - 160 ... 340 mm;
- width - 80 ... 140 mm;
- the length of the teeth is 14.8 mm.
B) with a thickness of 2.0 mm:
- length 160 ... 400 mm;
- width 80 ... 200 mm;
- the length of the teeth is 23.5 mm.
Depending on the country of the manufacturer, the minimum wage may differ:
- by material of manufacture;
- by the shape and number of teeth;
- the thickness of the plates.
In the elements of the MZP, the teeth are located very often in order to ensure the work of the wood for crushing, and not for chipping. Density of teeth can reach 70 pcs / dm 2.
MZP are produced with:
- unidirectional arrangement of teeth (Russia);
- bi-directional arrangement of teeth (Poland, Finland, Germany).
The most common design of MZP plates with unidirectional teeth is a slight shift of adjacent longitudinal rows relative to each other. The main disadvantage of plates with unidirectional teeth is the different strength and deformability of the teeth, the value of which depends on the angle between the axis of the plate and the axis of action of the forces, as well as the angle of direction of the wood fibers to the axis of action of the force. However, there is a more improved design of the MZP, in which the teeth have a different direction - parallel to the sides and diagonals of the square (a "herringbone" is obtained).
The most common minimum wage in the construction market are the following types (systems):
- Ganges Neil (Europe);
- MZP-1.0; МЗП-1,2 and МЗП-2 (CIS countries);
- Arpad (Hungary).
Feature of the system Arpad is the arrangement of teeth in rows with different angles directed towards each other, that when pressed into wood, they get jammed and the overall strength of the joint increases.
The most effective are the types of minimum wage Ganges Neil and Arpad, however, every year the design of metal-toothed plates is being improved more and more by leading manufacturers.
The main characteristics of the minimum wage are given in tab. 2, 3.
table 2
Main characteristics of MZP connections
|
Designation |
Tense connection state |
Characteristic angle α, β, γ hail |
Estimated load bearing capacity connections with plates type |
|
|
MZP-1,2 |
MZP-2 |
|||
|
R (MPa) of the working area of the connection |
Crushing of wood, bending of teeth at angles between the direction of the grain and the effective force β |
|||
|
Rр (kN / m) width of the working section of the plate |
Elongation of the plate at the value of the angle between the longitudinal axis of the plates and the acting force α |
|||
|
Rav (kN / m) length of the cut section of the plate |
Shear of the plate at the value of the angle between the longitudinal axis of the plate and the direction of the shearing force γ |
|||
Table 3
Estimated bearing capacity of the minimum wage
|
Stress type |
MZP thickness, mm |
Design bearing capacity R (kg / cm) at angle α in degrees |
|||||
|
Stretching |
|||||||
Installation of MZP plates
For one simple connection you need two plates - one on each side. To obtain a connection with high strength, it is necessary to use a special press, which fixes the exact position of the plates and ensures the required speed of pressing the teeth into the wood.
As already noted above, the installation of the minimum wage and the assembly of the main elements (structures) is carried out in the workshop, and then finished structure transported to construction site, photo 3... The plates should be placed so that the rows of teeth are parallel to the grain of the wood of the element that receives great forces.
Photo 3. Manufacturing and installation of wooden structures with minimum wage
The main advantages of the minimum wage
- Possibility of arrangement of connecting elements in one plane.
- The total wood consumption is reduced.
- Relatively low weight of the entire structure.
- The ability to carry out the installation of wooden structures without the use of special lifting equipment.
- Relatively low labor intensity of installation work. Work on the arrangement of grooves and spikes in the elements is excluded.
- Decrease in financial expenses during transportation and installation of wooden structures.
- High durability of MZP elements and structures with their use.
- The connections are relatively high strength compared to glue and nail connections.
- The optimal number of people for the construction of wooden structures with minimum wage is 4 ... 5 people.
- Possibility of arranging wooden structures of any complexity.
- Exist software, which allows you to speed up the design process of wooden structures, eliminating the possibility of making gross errors in the calculation of the strength of the joints and the selection of the desired section of the composite beams.
Photo 4. The main advantages of the minimum wage
The main disadvantages of the minimum wage
- For the manufacture of wooden structures with minimum wage, a perfectly flat area is required.
- The need for special equipment for the press, which ensures the maximum and required strength of the connection. Manual installation MZP (pressing) is not recommended, as it significantly reduces the strength of the joint. The technology for the construction of wooden structures using MWP is not widespread in private housing construction, since it requires the use of special equipment and is almost always carried out in an industrial workshop.
- Since the MWM of the Ganges-Neil system is mainly used, one of the main disadvantages is different work plates and his teeth in different directions.
- Under the action of a load on the plate along the main axis, its bending strength of the pins will be minimal.
- The weak point of the teeth of the plates at the base, where minimum value bending stiffness.
Alexander A. Konev
