Is it possible to lay a chimney near the ventilation mine. How to make ventilation and chimney passage through

The idea of ​​the correct operation of the chimney is necessary not only for its construction, but also for proper operation. A chimney for a gas boiler is mandatory. Its purpose is to prevent the ingress of combustion products into the room. Waste from gas combustion is extremely dangerous for humans, therefore, special attention should be paid to ventilation.

Types of structures

The exhaust pipe for a heating boiler is manufactured using four technologies. When designing a ventilation system, they choose which one to use.

Brick chimney

A technology that was invented centuries ago. A brick gas pipe is a time-tested but outdated option. The disadvantages of the design include:

• Price. Brick does not belong to cheap building materials, even if it is possible to find ceramics at a bargain price, the cost of making one cubic meter of brickwork ranges from 2,000 to 5,000 rubles. The price depends on the complexity of the masonry and the region of construction.
• Labor intensity. It will take a long time to complete the work.
• Massiveness. Brickwork is a heavy construction. A brick exhaust pipe will create additional pressure on the foundations of the house, which will increase their cost.

For these reasons, more modern technologies are now preferred.

Stainless steel

They are characterized by a wide range of models. A stainless steel pipe is made of materials of the following grades:

• 430 for chimneys operated in a slightly aggressive environment;
• 321, 316, 304 are resistant to acids and high temperatures;
• 310S is the strongest and most durable.

Chimneys made of stainless steel are resistant to mechanical damage and aggressive acidic environments. They can be either single or double. When using the technology “free space between the walls, insulation is placed, forming a kind of sandwich. Thermal insulation prevents heat loss and overheating of the premises. Especially important is the quality of the gas rink running through the unheated attic space. It is necessary to insulate the chimney to prevent condensation from falling out.

If condensation appears, it is important to notice it in time and take measures to eliminate it. For this, they understand the nature of the phenomenon. Condensation forms when warm air comes into contact with a cold surface. This problem occurs for all types, but is especially true if it is made of steel.

Steel has a high thermal conductivity, which means that it quickly gives off heat. In a cold attic, without proper insulation, it is always cold. And the air coming from the gas boiler is heated, this leads to the loss of liquid droplets on the inner surface. Galvanized steel requires insulation, this will prevent the appearance of an undesirable phenomenon. The rules are also relevant for other types of chimneys.

A fireplace with a coaxial chimney looks very aesthetically pleasing

Coaxial chimneys

The uniqueness of the device is that the ventilation duct is manufactured using a special technology. The chimney consists of two pipes nested one inside the other. To prevent contact, retaining bridges are provided between them. The chimney performs two functions at once:

• removes combustion products along the primary circuit;
• provides admission to the second circuit.

The design allows you to remove the requirements for the chimney for a gas boiler for ventilation of the room. This is important when installing a heating device in the kitchen, the volume of which does not allow for normal ventilation for the received power of the device.

Due to the characteristics of the system, condensation does not form in it. This is due to the fact that the air between the two pipes provides the required thermal insulation. The design is efficient, so it may be less than in other cases.

Ceramics

Uncommon phenomenon in construction. Ceramic products for the chimney are characterized by the following advantages:

• simplicity;
• ease of installation;
• reliability;
• fire resistance;
• price.

Chimney elements

Phoenix chimney elements: Ø150 adapter.

Regardless of the material chosen for manufacturing, the installation of the chimney is associated with the use of the following elements:

• adapter for connecting the chimney pipe and the heating device branch pipe;
• clamps and brackets for fixing to walls;
• gas condensate trap;
• telescopic tube;
• head on the chimney pipe;
• bends.

Condensate trap in a tee for inspection. In the lower part of the tee, a fitting is provided for removing the settled resins and combustion products.

Ensuring efficient operation of the smoke exhaust system

Usually stainless steel chimneys are a modular chimney system

The safety of people in the room depends on the quality of the installation and design of the chimney. A pipe of any design is installed in accordance with SNiP "Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning". Deviations from this normative document will lead to incorrect operation of the ventilation and smoke exhaust system. SNiP ventilation and heating regulates the basic requirements for the design, therefore, familiarization with it during self-installation is mandatory.

The effective operation of flue gas extraction is influenced by:

• correct assembly of the condensate trap;
• no unnecessary elements on the head) "
• correspondence of the diameter of the outlet pipe to the power of the gas boiler and the volume of the room;
• tightness of joints and joints;
• sufficient outlet height above the roof;
• providing good traction;
• correct assembly of the structure, absence of errors during installation;
• timely check of gas equipment, elimination and prevention of problems;
• cleaning the condensate trap from contamination.

Advice! If the pipe is not raised high enough above the roof, such a phenomenon as reverse draft may occur. This is typical not only for chimneys, but also for ventilation ducts. In the case of ventilation ducts, the incorrect operation of the system leads to unpleasant consequences, but is not dangerous to health. If back draft occurs during smoke exhaust, there is a danger of poisoning a person with combustion waste, therefore, in order to prevent disastrous consequences, it is necessary to take care of sufficient outlet of chimneys.

Chimney device

Chimney device for gas boiler

There are two options for the location of pipes for the removal of combustion products:

• inside the building;
• outside.

The internal chimney is located in the wall structure. For a brick building, chimney channels are arranged using the same technology as ventilation. Depending on the power of the boiler, the diameter of the pipes is selected. For one heating device for a small house, for example, a coaxial pipe with a diameter of 100 mm is enough. If several pipes are to be laid in the channel under the chimney, the distance between them is taken to be at least 20 mm. This will ensure the safety of your work.

Having decided on the pipes, the dimensions of the mine in the brick wall are selected according to their size. It is important to remember that a brick wall with a thickness of at least 120 mm is being erected on each side of the channel. It follows from this that it will not work to conduct a chimney in a wall less than 380 mm thick. The location of heating devices and the required wall thickness in these places are determined even at the design stage of the building, which avoids additional problems during construction.

The device for removing combustion products inside the building has one advantage: insulation is required only for the part of the pipe that goes to the roof or passes through the volume of the cold attic. The method has many more disadvantages:

• the likelihood of getting into the room;
• repairs without dismantling the wall structures will not work;
• the complexity of the construction process.

Despite the disadvantages, this method remains the most common. Since the pipe leading to the roof looks more aesthetically pleasing than an attached structure. In addition, the location of the smoke exhaust pipe is determined depending on the location of the gas heater. It is not always possible to position the equipment so that it is adjacent to the outer walls. At the same time, make sure that the chimney does not hit the main facade of the building. With internal lining, such problems do not need to be solved.

Fire-fighting measures for the construction of furnaces and chimneys

The advantages of autonomous chimneys include:

• safety of use;
• ease of construction;
• availability for renovation.

Cons - it is required to provide for thermal insulation along the entire height, it is difficult to fit into the external appearance of the building. The choice of the location of the pipe is left to the owner of the future home.

There are two ways to arrange the chimney:

• horizontally - outlet through the wall;
• vertically - outlet through the roof.

It is allowed to lay horizontally if the heating device is located close to the outer wall. The best option is the second.

The work is done in the following order:

• marking the location of the holes for the pipes and checking it (the holes are cut out with a horizontal arrangement, with a vertical arrangement for them, channels are already provided for when laying the walls);
• cutting holes;
• connection of the branch pipe from the boiler and the adapter adapter;
• connection of an inspection device and a condensate collector;
• installation of pipes, building them up in height (length, with a horizontal arrangement);
• the joints are reinforced with clamps;
• at the level of the floors, a steel sheet is attached to the pipe, which is clamped by slabs or beams;
• fastening with clamps with a step of 200 cm and brackets every 400 cm;
• installation of oblique end (tip);
• insulation.

Chimney requirements

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Requirements for pipes are regulated by such regulatory documents as SNiP and GOST. The following are important requirements from these codes:

• The chimney is oriented vertically, no ledges or folds are allowed. If absolutely necessary, it is allowed to rotate the gasket 30 degrees while maintaining the diameter. The length of the turning section is limited. After shifting to the required position, the pipe is laid vertically again.
• With a room height of three meters, horizontal sections are allowed, the total length of which does not exceed 3m.
• It is forbidden to make more than three turns of one pipe.
• The chimney is not installed through rooms with no ventilation.
• It is not allowed to lay through living quarters.
• Channels are laid only in wall structures made of durable materials. In porous gaskets are not allowed (eg foam concrete).

Dl I work normally gas appliances require a constant supply of clean air, which is provided by natural supply and exhaust ventilation.

The removal of combustion products from gas appliances is provided through the chimney.

To remove the combustion products of gas into the atmosphere, there must be a certain draft - a force that forces air to penetrate into the chimney, and the resulting combustion products move through the chimney and dissipate into the atmosphere.

The draft depends on the temperature difference between the smoke and air, the height of the chimney and a number of other factors.

To ensure the best draft, the temperature of the flue gases must be high. The temperature of exhaust gases from water heaters is 180-200С. Due to the cooling of the ZhST and the suction of air in the weight stabilizer, the temperature drops. During the operation of chimneys, condensation of vapors from flue gases must be excluded. Wetting the canal reduces the draft, leads to its destruction, in the winter season it can lead to freezing and blockage of the canal. The temperature at which condensation begins is called the “dew point”. For natural gas combustion products = 60-65оС. Air suction in the weight stabilizer reduces the relative humidity of the exhaust gases, while the dew point also decreases to 40-50 degrees. To exclude condensation, the temperature of the flue gases at the outlet of the pipe head is usually taken to be 65 ° C. The thrust is reduced when the ambient humidity is high.

Purpose and device of the chimney. Chimney requirements. Chimney operation

Chimneys are installed in internal capital walls. They are made of red fired bricks of the 1st grade, from asbestos-cement, pottery pipes and blocks of heat-resistant concrete.

The cross section of the chimneys should be:

• Red brick - 130 x 130mm, 130 x 250mm,
• From pipe materials - with a diameter of 100 (150) mm, but in all cases not less than the diameter of the outlet pipe of the device. It is allowed to lay chimneys in the outer walls, provided that the thickness of the outer wall of the chimney must be at least the thickness of the wall itself and at least 38 cm

Chimneys must be carried out vertically without ledges. A deviation from the vertical by an angle of no more than 30 degrees with a horizontal deviation of no more than 1 m is allowed. The deviation from the vertical is performed by smooth drifts with a constant unchanging section. Chimney masonry must be tight. The inner surface of the masonry should be flat, smooth, without mortar sags. The chimney cross-section must be respected along its entire length.

At the bottom of the chimney, a pocket with a hatch and a lid is arranged, which serves to clean the chimney from soot debris, etc.

The depth of the pocket should be at least 25 cm, counting from the bottom of the iron connecting pipe at the point of entry into the chimney.

At the intersection of the chimney with the interfloor ceilings, fire-prevention cuts are arranged (thickening of the masonry). For combustible ceilings - at least 38 cm. Fire-fighting cutting is performed from felt soaked in clay solution.

The distance from ZhST to fireproof ceilings is at least 5 cm, to wooden plastered (non-combustible) ceilings and walls - at least 25 cm. A decrease from 25 to 10 cm is allowed when the wall or ceiling is upholstered with roofing steel on an asbestos sheet 3 mm thick. The insulation should extend beyond the pipe dimensions by 15 cm on each side.

The part of the chimney above the roof is called the “head”. The outer surface of the head is plastered with cement mortar in a ratio of 1: 3, with a layer thickness of at least 4 cm. The upper part of the head is "ironed" - dry cement is rubbed into the mortar in a ratio of 1: 1. After plastering, the heads are whitewashed and numbered.

It is allowed to provide wind protection devices on the channels.

Chimneys must have a certain height in relation to the roof ridge

Location of chimneys relative to the roof ridge

• If the head is located horizontally from the roof ridge no more than 1.5 m, its height should be 0.5 m higher than the roof ridge. If the head is located at a distance of 1.5 to 3 meters relative to the ridge, its height corresponds to the level of the roof ridge. If the head is located farther than 3 m from the ridge of the roof, its height should not be lower than a line drawn from the ridge to the horizon at an angle of 10 degrees.
• The operation of the chimneys is significantly affected by the wind back zone - the space below the line drawn at an angle of 45 degrees from the top point of the building, a structure located closer than 15 meters from the house with chimney heads.
• Conclusion (build-up) of the chimney above the wind support zone (the extended part is shown with a dotted line). With a certain direction of the wind, an increased pressure is created in the zone of the wind support. This causes a deterioration in the draft in the chimney until it stops and overturns. To eliminate this phenomenon, a chimney is built up above the backwater zone. Similar work is carried out according to the project.
• In any case, for gable roofs, the head height must be at least 0.5 m relative to the roof. The height of the heads for flat roofs must be at least 2 meters.
• The chimneys provided for each of the appliance are called separate.
• In existing residential buildings, no more than 2 devices are allowed to be connected to one chimney, provided that the cross-section of the chimneys allows their simultaneous operation and the introduction of combustion products into it on different floors or at the same level, when a cut is made in the section of the channel, with a height of at least 75 see Such chimneys are called combined.

Requirements for chimneys:

• should be tight;
• a certain section;
• authorized materials have been used;
• must provide the necessary traction;
• should not have blockages, blockages, blockages;
• should not be in the area of ​​the wind support.

Checking chimneys for tightness is checked by burning strongly fuming materials in a pocket. The pipe outlet above the roof is closed. The appearance of smoke in adjacent ducts or rooms adjacent to the duct indicates that the duct is not isolated or dense. The cleanliness of the inner cavity of the chimney and the tightness of the channels in small houses can be checked by lowering it into the channel on a strong cord of a 12 volt electric lamp; 500 watts View the checked and adjacent channels. The presence of light from a lamp in an adjacent channel indicates a leak. The place of leakage is determined by the length of the cord.

Iron connecting pipes

• For the removal of combustion products from the gas appliance into the chimney, iron connecting pipes (ZhST) are made of roofing or galvanized steel with a thickness of at least 1.0 mm. Flexible corrugated metal pipes or standardized elements supplied with the equipment are allowed.
• The diameter of the ZhST must not be less than the diameter of the outlet of the device. The links of the connecting pipes must fit tightly, without gaps, into one another along the smoke path for at least 0.5 of the pipe diameter. In case of leaks, an asbestos cord and soaked asbestos are used.
• The size of the vertical part of the ZhST must be at least 0.5 m.If a traction interrupter is provided in the device design, and the height of the room is 2.7 m, then it is allowed to reduce the size of the vertical section to 0.25 m. The total length of the horizontal sections of the ZhST in existing residential houses should not exceed 6 m.With new construction - no more than 3 m.
• No more than 3 angles of rotation with a bend radius of the bends not less than the diameter of the pipe itself are allowed. At the point where the ZhST enters the chimney, a conical insert is installed to prevent the ZhST from entering the chimney section, or a restrictive washer is installed.
• The place where the ZhST enters the chimney is sealed. Suspension and fastening of pipes must exclude their deflection. The slope of the connecting pipe must be at least 0.01 (1 cm per 1 m) towards the device.
• The distance from the ZhST to hard-to-burn ceilings must be at least 25 cm.
• ZhST are painted with fire-resistant varnishes (Kuzbass varnish, bronze paint, silver).

ZHST malfunctions:

• incorrect assembly of links;
• the section is narrowed;
• the presence of a counterclone;
• looseness in the links;
• leakage at the point where the ZhST enters the chimney;
• deviation of the ZhST from the vertical;
• burned-out links.

Chimney malfunctions in which gas appliances are disconnected from the gas supply:

• blockage, blockage, blockage of the channel section;
• destruction of the brickwork of the chimney;
• the chimney head is located in the area of ​​the wind support;
• violation of the terms of service of the chimney;
• narrowed chimney section;
• lack or insufficient pocket depth;
• lack of draft in the chimney.

Purpose and arrangement of ventilation ducts. Checkout procedure and maintenance. Checkout execution

Ventilation ducts are used to provide natural supply and exhaust ventilation of rooms where gas appliances and gas pipelines are located, and must provide 3-fold air exchange within an hour. Unorganized air flow into apartments is carried out through windows, vents, balcony doors, into basements through vents in the outer walls. In gasified rooms, unregulated grilles with a constant cross-section are installed.

The ventilation system in a gasified house consists of:

• ventilation grill;
• a small horizontal section of the ventilation duct;
• vertical ventilation duct.

Exhaust grilles should be placed:

• under the ceiling, no closer than 2 m from the floor to the bottom of the hole;
• not lower than 0.1 m from the plane of the ceiling to the top of the hole in the room with a height of not more than 4 m.

Ventilation ducts in buildings with a height of less than 5 floors are made individually. Such channels provide fire safety of the ventilation system and fully meet the sanitary and hygienic requirements.

When the number of floors is 5 or more than 5, it is allowed to combine individual vertical exhaust ducts into a prefabricated ventilation duct, which is located in the attic, and from there, through the vertical exhaust shaft, air is discharged outside.

For one apartment, the exhaust ducts from the kitchen and bathroom, as well as the toilet and bathroom are allowed to be shared. The pull is checked with a sheet of thin paper, which should be pulled to the exhaust grille and held in this position. At the same time, in accordance with the standard "Ventilation systems for residential buildings" ZhNM-2004/02, the flow of outside air and its overflow from other rooms of the apartment must be ensured. If double-glazed windows are installed or window frames are glued, the control of the natural ventilation is carried out with slightly open air inlets.

It is forbidden to check the draft of the ventilation ducts with a fire.

Methods and techniques for cleaning vertical channels are similar for chimneys.

The main malfunctions of ventilation systems are low draft or its complete absence, which can be caused by:

• clogging of channels with debris;
• leakage of vertical ducts, prefabricated ventilation ducts;
• incorrect location of the head;
• faulty finishing of mines outside or inside;
• malfunction or absence of umbrellas or deflectors;
• malfunction of ladders through boxes in the attic.

The most serious malfunctions that can lead to poisoning of people, fires should be eliminated immediately.

The correct exit of combustion products is, perhaps, the main requirement for the normal operation of heating units, as well as a prerequisite for ensuring safety in the house. Wrong chimney installation and an irresponsible approach to the assembly process can lead to smoke in the room, backdraft and, finally, fire.

The chimney is an integral part of any heated room. It is a vertical tube where natural thrust is generated. With its help, all combustion products that are formed during the operation of the heating system are freely discharged into the atmosphere.

What are the main parameters of a good chimney?

• High-quality fuel combustion
• Active heating of the walls
• Ideal traction
• Overcoming the condensation threshold
• Strength
• Convenience

The materials used in the manufacture of the device can be very different. Ceramic, welded, brick and stainless steel bends are widely used. Each of them has its own pros and cons.

It is considered the most refractory and practical, but during operation, soot gradually settles on the inner walls, which leads to a decrease in traction. Installation of a ceramic channel is a very laborious and difficult process, since metal rods pass inside, giving the structure strength. But such chimneys are resistant to atmospheric phenomena and condensation. Welded devices are cheap, but "afraid" of corrosion, and stainless steel - although expensive, but versatile.

In any case, when installing a structure from any material, it is necessary to follow the basic rules of the VDPO:

The amount of pipe elevation can depend on many factors. These include the presence of higher structures next to the heated building, roofing material, adjacent annexes. During installation, it should be borne in mind that the smoke outlet must be:

• Above a flat roof - at least 50 cm
• Above the ridge of the roof - at least 50 cm, provided a distance of 1.5 m from the edge of the ridge
• Not below the ridge of the roof, provided that the smoker is at a distance of 1.5-3 m from the ridge
• Not lower than a line laid at an angle of 10 degrees from the ridge, and the location of the device at a distance of more than 3 m from the ridge

Coaxial chimney: installation standards

Today there are heating boilers that are already equipped with a forced draft system and a special fan. The exhaust gases, in this case, are discharged through a coaxial mechanism. Its structure is quite simple.

The equipment consists of two pipes, one of which takes air from the outside, and the other removes exhaust gases. There are two types of coaxial bends - vertical and horizontal. The advantages of such structures are high efficiency of heating units, economy, high fire resistance, good condensate drainage system, low weight and ease of use.

All installation work must be carried out by qualified personnel. They not only perfectly know how to install a chimney, but are also guided by generally accepted standards for the installation of such devices (SNiP 2.04.08-87) and "Safety Rules in the Gas Industry":

• The gas pipeline is entered directly into the room with heating units
• Optimal pressure of natural gas when feeding - 0.003 MPa
• Flue gas discharge is regulated by SNiP 2.04.05-91
• Removal of gases is allowed through the outer wall of the building if the heat generators have the function of forced removal of gases

Before starting work, you should familiarize yourself with the technical documentation and instructions for installing the device, since the design of coaxial devices is different from the rest.

Features of installing chimneys in baths and saunas

A smoking stove in a bath is the main object of discomfort for a person. Combustion products can seriously damage your nerves and health, as well as damage the furniture and decoration of the steam room. To avoid the smoke of the room and significant material expenditures, it is necessary to properly organize the smoke evacuation system.

The installation of the chimney in the bath should be carried out taking into account all standards, as well as structural features. Since we are talking about a room with a high temperature, the material should be as heat-resistant as possible. You shouldn't dream up a lot of twists and turns. The simplest form of smoke duct will work more efficiently.

The issue of the size of the sauna chimney should be approached with all responsibility. It is the height and diameter, or rather their ratio, that will play a decisive role in the thrust force, which must be present in the pipe all the time. The diameter depends on the power of the equipment and on the outlet pipe, and the height depends on the type of roof, but not less than 5 meters.

There are also some peculiarities. For example, horizontal parts of the structure do not need to be made longer than 1 m. Hot air always tends upward, and wide horizontal sections can cause a decrease in draft and rapid soot deposition.

If a brick version of the output of combustion products is planned in the bath, then the masonry plan should be drawn up in such a way as to achieve the maximum smoothness of the inner walls of the pipe and the tightness of the seams.

Isolation is important. The efficiency of work and safety will depend on its quality. For example, non-combustible mineral wool will be an excellent cut-off at the points of contact of the smoker with flammable elements of the building (wooden beams, decoration, etc.)

Basic requirements for the chimney:

A high-quality installation of chimneys for gas boilers is the basis for an effective heating equipment service and safety. Today, almost every modern boiler has an automation that shuts off the gas supply in the event of a draft deterioration. But it is not worth connecting the heating equipment to the chimney itself, let the professionals do it.

Requirements for the installation of chimneys for gas boilers

Most often, it is an improperly arranged chimney that can spoil the mood of the owner of a country house. The smell of smoke that appears in the premises from time to time, drops of condensation outside the pipeline, sometimes reverse draft and the danger of fire - all these misunderstandings are the direct cause of a violation of comfort. The top of the chimney, protruding above the roof, represents only a small part of the complex design solution that helps remove combustion products from the house.

In order to properly build a chimney and then operate it with high efficiency, every homeowner just needs to know what factors affect quality work and the requirements for the chimney ducts, the rooms through which they pass. Such technical details and characteristics are explained in the SNiP collections. Chimneys, made taking into account the norms, will always delight the owner with impeccable work.

Chimney types depending on material

The brick pipe is used very rarely nowadays. For the construction of such a pipe, the construction of a support foundation is required. Brick over time is subject to destruction from the inside and can allow a certain amount of gases to pass through.

For some interiors use decorative brick chimney... but inside is a stainless steel pipe. The operation of a mixed chimney is actually quite effective.

Steel pipe chimney

• The single pipe is used for insertion into a brick structure, for renovation work or for a temporary test installation.
• A double wall pipe or sandwich is very often used for a chimney. Its principle is based on the work of pipes of large and small size, nested one into the other. The gap between their walls is filled with insulation, which prevents condensation from forming on the walls of the chimney.
• The coaxial version of the chimney is used in those heating systems when combustion requires the supply of air and the outflow of smoke at the same time. Chimneys designed for double action have two pipes, as in a double-walled version, only the space between their walls is not filled with insulation, but serves to move fresh air. Smoke is removed along the inner diameter.

Prefabricated elements for steel chimney of gas equipment

1. Couplings for connecting the gas boiler outlet and the pipe.
2. The main pipes produced for ease of installation are 1m long.
3. T-piece for cleaning and checking the clogging of the pipe, installed in a horizontal section.
4. T-piece for collecting condensate, mounted in the place where the chimney turns to a vertical position.
5. Angles for making pipe bends from a gas boiler.
6. Compensator for softening the linear expansion of the chimney when the temperature changes.
7. Node for decorating the channel exit through the ceiling.

Conditions for the construction of flue channels of gas boilers in accordance with SNiP

A separate chimney should be provided for each gas appliance. As an exception, it is allowed to connect two boilers to this fume extraction system. But this can be done with an interval of 0.75 m from the previous inset.

Provide obligatory pipe sealing and their connections to prevent carbon monoxide leakage into the interior of the house.

Carry out all measures to remove condensate from the pipes. In order to prevent his education from occurring, it is recommended insulate the outer sections of pipes .

The inner cavity of the chimney must be free of obstructing objects, dirt and soot along its entire length. All contamination leads to a decrease in thrust.

The size of the pipe cannot be less than the size of the outlet from the gas boiler, the same width or more is allowed. A circular cross-section of the pipe is considered ideal, sometimes it is possible rectangular or square .

Requirements for the material of the chimney according to SNiP

The chimney pipe must be made of a material that does not burn, it must resist fire at high temperatures for an hour.

Sealants must be fire resistant

and not to lose their insulating properties when heated, all the more to decompose and open up places for smoke to escape to the outside.

Changes in the diameter of the pipe, expansion and contraction along the entire length of the chimney are not allowed. This reduces draft and leads to poor combustion or smoke in the interior of the room.

The top of the chimney should rise more than or equal to the ridge of the roof. The farther the chimney outlet is from the ridge, the lower you can make the chimney.

Requirements for the room in which the gas equipment is located

The utility room in which the gas boiler is planned to be located must be well ventilated. It is imperative to provide for a natural ventilation outflow of the air flow. To ventilate the room, you need a window in the window. If the hood is forced, then air exchange occurs due to the flow of fresh flows from adjacent rooms.

Entrance doors to the premises should swing outward as required by safety measures, so that a person can freely leave the premises in an emergency, and not be crushed by the door.

Indoors with gas boilers and water heaters it is not recommended to install switches and sockets. If there is a gas leak, a fire may result from the spark produced by connecting the switch terminals.

Requirements for chimneys of gas boilers in accordance with SNiP standards

The design of the boiler chimney must be carried out strictly according to the instructions and special attention is paid to the little things. It must meet the standards and requirements specified in the description of the gas heating boiler. These conditions are necessary for the normal functioning of the chimney structure for a long period of time.

When assembling and installing the chimney, it is mandatory compliance with fire safety rules... When passing through a wall made of wood, the pipe is wrapped in asbestos, and the insulation around is made of non-combustible material.

When installing a passage through a brick or concrete wall, it is enough to insulate the hole around the pipe with mounting foam for winter work.

The speed of gases and combustion waste inside the chimney must be at least 15m per second.

The thickness of the pipes is at least half a millimeter. Steel is more suitable for making pipes. Sometimes titanium is added to it for strength. Such materials resist corrosion well from corrosive effects of gases.

To make it easy to clean the chimney of gas boilers from time to time, you need to perform revision tees along the entire length of the outgoing structure.

No matter how complex the flue duct is planned, it should not be turned more than three times, and the radius of direction change cannot be less than the inner diameter of the pipes.

All pipe connections are made using crimp clamps... using temperature sealants. Mounting from the outside is done with brackets on dowels or anchors at a distance of 2 m.

The horizontal or vertical line of the pipes must be straight, no bends are allowed.

If the chimney from a gas boiler is located on a flat roof, its height must be at least half a meter above the covering. When the outlet of the gas boiler flue channel is located closer than one and a half meters to the ridge of the pitched roof, it should protrude half a meter above the ridge.

If the outlet is located more than the indicated distance, then the top of the chimney must match the height of the roof at its highest point.

Requirements for connecting parts according to SNiP

Installation of all elements of the flue duct of a gas boiler is carried out from bottom to top, from the boiler outlet.

All non-standard pipe connections, for which ready-made fittings are not provided, are made of steel using welding technology .

The total length of the joined parts must not exceed 3 m for new buildings and 6 m for old buildings.

The slope of the horizontal pipe from the boiler should be 0.01. The slope is carried out from the boiler so that there is no leakage of the formed condensate.

If ferrous metal is used for the installation of the chimney of gas boilers. then you need it treat with fire-resistant primers or varnish.

After the installation of all gas equipment and the installation of the chimney, the appropriate services are accepting the structure, about which an act of acceptance is drawn up... The same authorities have the right to disconnect you from the network for failure to comply with the required requirements until the time of their correction.

Some differences between chimneys

Internal chimney

Outdoor chimney

1. This type of chimney consists entirely of standard prefabricated elements. Using the installation manual, the owner can independently assemble and strengthen the chimney.
2. A relatively safe level of operation of the outer pipe. Cleaning and maintenance is simpler and effortless.

Installation procedure

It is forbidden to make a pipe connection where it passes through the thickness of the wall. If such a connection happened in this place, then the pipe is cut so that it can be made to the wall or further, depending on the circumstances.

When the pipe is brought out to the street, immediately before turning upwards, a condensate drain tee with one opening end. If such a tee is located in a place below a person's height, then it must be insulated to prevent touching and getting burned. The tee is fastened with a clamp on the dowels to the wall.

To fix the pipe to the wall, use a special truss. The first fastening is done immediately after the top of the tee. In this place, set and compensation plate... which will take over the thermal expansion of the pipe.

The pipes are connected by putting one on top of the other, which allows a small amount of condensate to flow freely down the pipe.

If the ridge of the building is high and the projection of the top of the chimney is required more than 2 m, then for additional rigidity, use fastening with guy wires... which are attached to the walls of the building.

Each owner decides on his own which gas chimney to the boiler to install at home, but it should be clearly remembered that a correctly executed smoke channel is guarantee of efficient work and is not dangerous to the health of his loved ones.

Zabarykin Sergey Nikolaevich

http://pechi.guru

The chimney is necessary for the removal of "exhaust" gases outside due to natural draft. When properly designed, it ensures the safe and efficient operation of the entire heating system. Certain requirements are imposed on chimneys, corresponding to the instructions of the manufacturers of gas boilers, generally accepted building codes and fire safety rules.

In this article:

Basic installation rules

When installing an internal chimney, it should be located near the main wall of the house. For outdoor installation, the chimney must be additionally insulated to avoid freezing.

External chimney

• The location of the pipe is strictly vertical... A slight slope is allowed, but not more than 30 degrees.
• The diameter of the duct inside the chimney should be slightly larger than the diameter of the pipe connected to the gas boiler.
• The connection of the boiler to the chimney is carried out using a special corrugation or by means of steel pipes with an enamelled heat-resistant coating.
• The chimney pipe connecting the boiler to the chimney must necessarily have a vertical section, the length of which must be at least 50 cm. However, more than three turns must not be allowed.
• The junction of the chimney with the gas boiler must be sealed.
• All elements of the chimney must fit snugly together.
• If the ceiling height is 3 meters, the horizontal section of the pipe going into the chimney should not exceed this parameter.
• The chimney must have a window for cleaning or removing the condensate container.
• If the chimney is located at a distance from the wall (up to 3 m), the height of the chimney should be flush with the ridge.
• With a flat roof the chimney height must be less than one meter.

The second stage: the choice of automation, which stops the operation of the boiler during periods of its inactivity. For these purposes, the GSM boiler control module is perfect. devices.

In the construction of private houses, the laying of ventilation ducts is often given little attention. They save on the air exchange system, replace it with pipes and take away not enough space in the wall for laying ventilation channels. This leads to stagnant air and can be unsafe when using gas-fired boilers.

Natural ventilation channel in a private house: placement rules

In a private house made of brick or aerated concrete, the laying of ventilation ducts should be provided for the following rooms:

• bathroom;
• bathroom or shower room;
• kitchen;
• garage;
• cellar;
• boiler room.

It is in these rooms that a high content of moisture, heat and various contaminants in the air is noted. For safety reasons, special attention should be paid to the ventilation of the boiler room and the rooms adjacent to it - gas accumulates in this place.

Air ducts in a brick house

The ventilation duct is a solid vertical structure extending to the mark above the roof. It is important to organize a constant movement of air masses in the mine; for this, turns and irregularities inside the duct should be avoided.

The bricks for ventilation ducts are resistant to moisture and hot air. A mixture of sand and cement diluted with water is used as a bonding solution.

The dimensions are, as a rule, 12 × 15 cm, for brick structures - 12 × 25 cm. The wall thickness should not be less than 10 cm. Since the brick ventilation shaft is heavy and creates a strong load, it is installed directly on the foundation of the building.

Stages of work on laying brick ventilation

The process of installing brickwork with your own hands takes place using a template that can be made from plywood or a sheet of chipboard. This part has a square or rectangular shape, depending on the cross-sectional shape of the future duct. The length of the template is 8-10 bricks in thickness.

Brick ventilation ducts are laid from the corner of the wall. The first duct is created after 2 layers of bricks have been laid. To be guided by the template during operation, it must be installed vertically using a plumb line. A distance of one brick should be left between the two channels.

Bricks must be mounted end-to-end, and excess mortar must be removed with a spatula. The rows are stacked with a slight shift relative to the previous row. After laying out 5-7 rows of bricks, the plywood template must be transferred.
If a chimney is located next to the ventilation duct, between them there should be a continuous brickwork with a thickness of at least 40 cm.This will avoid mixing of air flows and the ingress of combustion products into the ventilation system.

Ventilation shaft in houses made of aerated concrete and aerated concrete

Ventilation in aerated concrete house has its own organizational characteristics. Aerated concrete is an unsuitable material for mine construction - it absorbs moisture, gases, and is exposed to high temperatures. Therefore, in houses made of aerated concrete, other materials and devices should be used for organizing air ducts:

• laying out the channel and adjacent walls made of bricks;
• mine lining with stable pipes made of metal, asbestos, plastic;
• installation of a galvanized box sheathed with aerated concrete blocks.

In some cases, another method of making air ducts with your own hands is used. In this case, the system consists of channels laid under the ceiling of the rooms, which merge into one shaft under the roof of the house, where stagnant air is removed. The construction of such a structure is cheaper, but it is less efficient due to the horizontal direction of the channels and low throughput. In addition, this scheme is not applicable for two or three-storey private buildings.

Requirements for the organization of ventilation ducts and mine parameters

For efficient and safe operation, ventilation ducts in brick and aerated concrete masonry must meet the following requirements:

• When opening the shaft above the roof next to the ridge, the ventilation outlet should be half a meter above the level of the ridge.
• If the opening of the hood is located 2-3 meters from the ridge, it can be at the same level with it.
• When the distance to the ridge is more than 3 meters, the mouth should be at an angle of 10 ° to the horizon and with the apex on the ridge of the roof.

Technical requirements imply the mandatory organization of ventilation ducts in those rooms where there are no windows (bathrooms, toilets, boiler rooms). It is also recommended to install an extractor hood in the kitchen to avoid the accumulation of steam and smoke in the air.

Ventilation ducts can work effectively at air temperatures of +12 ° C outside and +20 ° C inside the house. When the structure is cooled, the process of ventilation and air removal slows down, therefore, those parts of the mine that are taken out into the street (pipes on the roof) should be insulated.

The section of the shaft should be the same along its entire length to improve traction within the structure. When constructing a ventilation duct for blocks, bends should be avoided, the angle of inclination of the pipe should not exceed 30 ° relative to the walls. If the shaft is made of brick, it should be laid as evenly as possible, and the seams between the rows should be smoothed.

We build ventilation ducts in the house of brick and aerated concrete

Air ducts in a brick house. Stages of brick ventilation laying. Ventilation shaft in houses made of aerated concrete and aerated concrete.

Ventilation device in the boiler room of a private house and how to install it correctly

To maintain a comfortable microclimate in cold weather, the house is carefully insulated. Rooms are less often ventilated. When the ventilation in the boiler room of a private house fails, an emergency situation is created. Poor circulation creates many problems. Sophisticated ventilation in the boiler room is one of the most basic issues.

The need and functions of ventilation in the boiler room of a private house

Clean air is of great importance for the quality operation of a gas boiler. If it is not possible to establish the supply of fresh air in a natural way, artificial ventilation is carried out.

Without systematic ventilation, combustible substances fall on the pipes, the efficiency of the gas boiler decreases, and the house heats up worse. But, even this is not the worst thing. Due to faulty ventilation and unsatisfactory operation of equipment, excess carbon monoxide accumulates in the room, and people's lives are endangered.

Professional installation of ventilation in the boiler room of a private house:

• Extends service life for a longer period of operation;
• Creates good climatic conditions for living in the house;
• There is always a sufficient volume of oxygen in the room;
• Dampness and mold do not appear on the walls;
• Less concentration of combustion products;
• The boiler is working with high efficiency.

Ventilation in the boiler room of a private house regulates the accumulation of carbon monoxide, no back draft is formed. Excess carbon dioxide concentration is hazardous to health. Due to the exchange processes in the air, oxygen is supplied to the room, which is necessary for human life and the well-organized operation of gas equipment.

Requirements for ventilation of a gas boiler room in a private house and norms according to SNiP

In case of non-observance of the rules and regulations, gas services apply sanctions, up to the shutdown of the gas. A separate ventilation system is installed in a private house:

1. The hood can change the air three times in an hour;
2. The inflow enters in total in the same amount as in the hood, taking into account the need for gas combustion.

There must be an extractor hood in the upper part of the ceiling. This is usually a chimney. The diameter of the pipe is indicated by gas workers when creating a construction project. For all requirements, the diameter is 1.3 meters. The pipe creates conditions for normal air inlet and outlet.

For example, the volume of a room in a boiler room is 15m 3. In an hour, these fifteen cubes should come out three times through the hood. That is, 45m 3 per hour should naturally go outside through the chimney.

Requirements for supply air are provided. It should enter 45m 3 into the room, plus the required amount of air for gas combustion. Any boiler equipment consumes oxygen to maintain gas combustion.

One of the regulatory documents that gas services are guided by: SNiP Gas Supply 2.04.08-87 *

Methods for organizing air exchange

For ventilation to work properly, air must be constantly circulated. There are two ways to organize the process. The inflow and outflow occur independently, without the installation of appropriate equipment for forced exchange. Air, in this case, moves in a natural (natural) way under the influence of wind and other phenomena. Another option, not relying on the forces of nature, is to install artificial (forced) ventilation.

Natural ventilation

The boiler room belongs to a high-risk room. If natural ventilation in a country house is only in the kitchen, bathroom and toilet, this option is not suitable. A separate system is carried out for the boiler room

• The maximum floor-to-ceiling height is 6 meters. The lower the altitude, the greater the air ratio. For each meter, the multiplicity increases by 25%;
• Fresh air enters the boiler room through the ventilation system. Additionally, valves are made at the bottom of the door. The area is calculated in the ratio of 8 cm² / 1 kW of power of the heating unit, from the room - 30 cm²;
• The chimney has 2 outlets. The upper one is designed to remove combustion products from the boiler, the lower one cleans from debris and dirt. The minimum distance between them is 25 cm. The supply duct is located at the bottom of the room, and the exhaust duct is located in the upper part.

The disadvantage of the system is that natural ventilation does not always work in full mode. Great dependence on the strength of the wind.

Forced air circulation system

Forced ventilation is used in ducts with a long base. Natural cravings are absent. Supply ventilation in the boiler room of a private house is connected with the air exchange of the entire building, the exhaust ventilation has one channel for exit to the street.

Advantages of a coercive system:

• The boiler room can be installed anywhere with suitable dimensions;
• A big plus does not depend on external conditions and natural phenomena.

• The equipment and installation process is more expensive than natural ventilation;
• In case of malfunctioning, an expensive replacement has to be done.

Requirements for the chimney device

The chimney is as important as the boiler itself in heating.

Requirements for chimneys that are installed outside

• From the street, thermal insulation of the chimney is carried out to prevent the formation of condensation;
• Along the axis of the boiler and to the axis of the chimney from the street, the distance is no more than two meters. Otherwise, the craving will be bad;
• There must be at least one meter straight section upward from the boiler along the pipe. Only after such a distance is a bend made;
• In any case, even if condensation does not form, a pocket must be installed to clean and drain the condensate;
• If the boiler is floor-standing, a non-combustible substrate is made of asbestos and metal sheets. The boiler is installed on a metal sheet;
• When the chimney passes through the walls, if they are made of combustible material, fire-prevention cutting is carried out 0.5 meters above and below.

Requirements for a chimney that runs vertically through the ceiling and roof slabs

• The distance along the axis is no more than two meters;
• The fire-resistant seal is installed in the ceiling;
• The cold air access zone is provided with thermal insulation;
• A pocket for condensation and cleaning is made at a distance of one meter;
• The thermal insulation should end at a distance of no more than 0.1 meters to the top of the pipe.

The distance from the bottom of the boiler to the top of the chimney is at least five meters.

The diameter of the chimney on the boiler, set by the manufacturer, must be equal to the diameter of the chimney that leaves the room. There are boilers with a smaller diameter, about 80 mm. The standard chimney inner diameter is 130 mm.

Upon completion of the installation work and installation in the channels of the outer pipe, a hatch for cleaning must be installed at the bottom of the chimney. When dirt and debris collects at the chimney level, the draft stops working. For this reason, a cleaning pocket is installed at the bottom.

Calculation of the natural ventilation system

To select ventilation, you need to know the requirements for the boiler room. The regulatory documents do not indicate the exact area of ​​the room. But the minimum height in the Instruction for the placement of units must be at least 2.5 meters. Gas services are mainly guided by Instruction MDS 41-2.2000. While SNiP recommends using a room of 2.2 meters.

• 0.7 meters passage,
• plus the width of the boiler itself is according to sanitary norms and rules.
• according to the instructions, 1 meter is the width of the passage,
• plus the width of the boiler.

A total of 1.5 meters.

If the volume of the boiler room is 15 m 3 The height of the ceiling from the tiles of the boiler room on the floor to the bottom of the floor or ceiling is 3 meters. Then the boiler room area will be 5 m2 15: 3 = 5

If the height of the boiler room is 2.5 meters, 15: 2.5 = 6 m 2 Thus, the area of ​​the boiler room inside the room varies.

• Height 2.5 meters;
• Width 1.5 meters;
• Volume 15 m 3

• Boiler room volume;
• Air velocity through ventilation ducts;
• Proportionality of the boiler room height to the air exchange rate coefficient.

Air exchange calculation example

• Boiler room volume: 33.6 m 3;
• Calculation of air exchange: (6m -2.8m) x 0.25 + 3 = 3.8, where

6 m - optimal ceiling height:

2.8 m actual ceiling height;

3m 3 increase in the frequency of air for each meter of lowering of the ceiling.

Based on these data, according to the table of norms and rules, the diameter of the pipes required for laying ventilation for the natural system is determined at least 200 mm.

Correct installation of equipment

The reasons for the failure of gas installations, in most cases, are commonplace. The chimney has not been cleaned, carbon monoxide is returned to the apartment, or the gas water heater is improperly installed. It is important to select and carry out the installation correctly.

How are chimneys arranged

1. A hole is laid in the wall with an exit to the outside:
2. From the side of the street, the structure rises up;
3. It is connected to the wall - frame, twisted with clamps.

The internal chimney rises from the boiler to the roof without leaving the house. It goes through all the ceilings and out onto the roof. Such a chimney is usually made in two layers. An insulating material is laid between the layers to exclude the possibility of a fire when the chimney is heated and to protect it from condensation.

Ventilation device in the boiler room of a private house and how to install it correctly

To maintain a comfortable microclimate in cold weather, the house is carefully insulated. Rooms are less often ventilated. When the ventilation in the boiler room is private

How to make ventilation and chimney passage through

How to make ventilation and chimney passage through the roof

Today we will try to figure out how one of the most difficult junctions is performed correctly - the passage of technological pipelines for the chimney and ventilation through the roof. It is not in vain that many methods have been tried for this, the best of which we will share with you.

Roof systems and chimney configurations
The passage of the chimney through the roof can be carried out at almost any slope of the slope, with the exception of pyramidal and folded roofs with an angle of more than 70 °. Restrictions are imposed for the most part by the common forms and standard sizes of special fittings for insulation - roof chimney cutting.
The exit of the pipe to the roof must be located on a flat slope, at least 1 meter away from the ribs and valleys. Firstly, this is the only way to properly mount the apron and lining, and secondly, serious interventions in the rafter system will not be required.
If ventilation ducts can be conducted through the roof with a minimum layer of lining, or even without it at all, then the chimneys need additional thermal insulation from the roof cake. We will touch on this issue later, for now you need to make a choice between a circular and rectangular section of the well. Quickly and efficiently through the roof, you can lead a well made of bricks, it has the most suitable geometry. In one well, you can group both ventilation pipes and a chimney.
A round passage is also possible, but for the chimney, in this case, a casing pipe with a diameter of 350-400 mm larger than the chimney is required. Difficulties arise in fixing it in the roofing pie; moreover, not every roof cut has a sufficiently wide collar.

Placement: what you need to know **
It is optimal if you are building a rafter system with already installed wells and pipelines, however, the sequence of work may be forced to change.
If the channels have already been installed, all that remains is to correctly assemble the frame system. The rafters closest to the pipelines should be 50–70 mm away from the ventilation ducts, and they should be removed from the chimneys by 200–250 mm. During the heating season, the heat radiation from the chimney is large enough to cause uneven wood shrinkage and warping. Change the pitch of the rafters and do not be afraid to place pairs of trusses closer to the design distance.
It is better to place the chimney 15–20 cm from the upper ridge: this way the protrusion of the chimney above the roof will be minimal and there will be no difficulties with sealing the upper part of the cut. Decide for yourself how to implement this: build a well as close to the ridge as possible, or make the roof slopes uneven and bring them right above the chimney.
Unloading the roof

If it is necessary to violate the critical elements of the rafter system, which can happen if the installation step of the rafters is less than the thickness of the well, it is necessary to unload the roof. At 40-50 cm from the upper and lower boundaries of the passage, horizontal beams with a length of 5-6 spans should be placed under the rafters. They are propped up with vertical posts so that each of them is located strictly above one of the attic floor beams.
With the help of a plumb line, the attachment points of the vertical racks are marked, taking part of the load from the rafters. Each of the broken rafters must be propped up in two places - above and below the cut out area. If there is a brick well, it is better to unload the rafter system on it, replacing part of the wooden racks with angled steel bevels.
Even if the opening fits between the rafters, they should be pulled together with horizontal jumpers of the same width, forming a convenient pocket for laying the insulation belt. Sometimes, for reasons of economy of material, it makes sense to install vertical jumpers at the same distance from the pipe or well.
Cutting an opening in the roof

If the erection of the rafter system and the rest of the installation steps are carried out with a well or pipes laid out, the opening is formed as the roof is assembled, which in most cases does not cause difficulties. If you need to cut an opening in an already finished roof, you should follow a certain procedure:
The roof is unloaded and all necessary lintels are installed.
The lintels, forming a pocket for thermal insulation, are installed at a distance from the ventilation pipes, equal to the thickness of the roof insulation.
The walls of the box for non-lined chimneys are installed with an indent of 200–250 mm. For brick wells and insulated sandwich pipes, the lining is performed in the same way as for ventilation.
The profile of the through opening in the shape of a pipe or a well is transferred to the crate with the help of a plumb line.
If the roof covering is not resistant to high temperatures, it is cut exactly around the perimeter of the pocket.
Almost any coating can be cut well with an electric jigsaw or a reciprocating saw, if you first screw the cut pieces of the crate to it.
The indent from the walls of the pocket allows you to cut the coating from the inside, but if the cutting is carried out along the perimeter, you can transfer the markings to the street using through holes at key points.
As a result, the roof is ready for pipe installation or further protection from moisture and heat leaks. The specific method of arranging the passage channel depends on its type.
Ventilation ducts, cuts and cuffs for them

Ventilation passages for a cold attic space may not be insulated at all; it is enough to make a neat hole in the thermal insulation, lathing and roof. But if warm air from a house or attic passes through the pipes, an imbalance in temperature can lead to the formation of condensation. For this reason, it is necessary to lay a small belt around the pipe made of a moisture-resistant material such as PPS or polyurethane foam. The belt is cut into two equal parts and inserted into a pocket on both sides of the pipe and secured to polyurethane foam. She also needs to close up the seams and cracks, and then sew up the pocket with plywood, cutting it out in the same way and placing it perpendicular to the insulation.
On the front side of the roof, a roof cut is installed for the corresponding pipe diameter and slope angle. Most are installed over the roof, some may require a simple trimming and sealing with sealant.
Chimney lining - we do it safely

After installing the chimney, the opening in the opening is knocked out from below with a fine steel mesh. If the pipe is round, then a galvanized steel strip is attached at four points of the opening, forming a casing sleeve. You can avoid this step by filling the entire pocket with thermal insulation, but this will take more material: the insulator must be packed tightly. It is recommended to use foam glass or stone wool 120 kg / m3 for lining the chimney.
The advantage of a casing sleeve is a smooth and neat oval hole in the roof, convenient for laying insulation and tightly covered with a cut. For round chimneys, galvanized steel cuttings are used.
Wells of rectangular shape should be refined from the outside using prefabricated aprons. Special cases for chimneys of various shapes are quite common, their main task is to prevent oblique rain from entering the place where the neck adjoins the well.

Ventilation passage through the roof

Ventilation is the most important of the life support systems of buildings used as residential, industrial, commercial or administrative. Its task is to remove exhaust air, saturated with carbon dioxide, polluted or gaseous, to the street. For this, the duct pipe is brought out through the ceilings to the roof of the house. An improperly installed ventilation roof penetration unit is often the cause of leaks and problems during the operation of the system. This article will show you how to properly install a roof penetration to avoid these troubles.

Ventilation system design

The ventilation system is called the pipes that ensure the removal of heated air with the products of respiration and vital activity into the atmosphere. Most private houses are equipped with natural ventilation, the functioning of which is based on the law of convection, the property of heated gases to rise upward.

Industrial, administrative and commercial buildings, where there are a large number of people or special equipment is working, require enhanced air circulation, which can only be provided by forced ventilation powered by a powerful fan. To determine the type of duct that is suitable for a particular structure, the following factors are taken into account:

1. The volume of the room. The larger the area of ​​the house, the more air is in it. This means that more powerful ventilation is required to ensure circulation.
2. Gas content and dust content. These indicators are usually calculated for industrial premises where, due to the performance of work or the use of technology, dust and harmful gases appear in the air.
3. Indoor humidity and temperature. Ventilation makes the microclimate in the building more suitable for the life of people, optimizing the humidity and temperature indicators to a comfortable level.
4. Number of people. In the process of breathing, people consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide, so the more people there are in the room, the better ventilation should work, removing the exhaust air. Therefore, the installation of the air duct is carried out primarily in administrative and commercial buildings.

Note! Another reason to think about the need for ventilation equipment in a private residential building is the presence of heating equipment that runs on solid fuels. In the process of burning wood, oxygen is involved, because of which the air in the room "burns out", it becomes stuffy and difficult to breathe. Therefore, when installing a wood stove or fireplace, they not only construct a chimney, but also equip a unit for the passage of an air duct through the roof.

Types of penetrations

The node for the passage of the ventilation pipe through the roof is a place on the roof surface where the air duct is brought out to the street. The equipment of the pipe passage is considered an important and difficult job, since when performing this task, the integrity of the rafter system and the roof covering will be violated. To protect the duct passage through the roof, various penetrations are used to simplify installation. The passages used for the outlet of ventilation pipes are of the following types:

With or without valve. Passages for the equipment for the outlet of air pipes are produced with and without a valve. Valveless models are the cheapest, but they do not have the ability to shut off and regulate the air discharge, they are used in private houses. Passages with a valve have a damper that closes the pipe and stops air movement; they are suitable for installing ventilation in industrial and administrative systems if they are not constantly working.

Important! Often times, homeowners do not see the difference or confuse the process of equipping a duct and chimney. The temperature of gases in the chimney is many times higher than the usual air temperature, in solid fuel stoves it reaches 700-800 degrees, so the pipes heats up. To prevent a fire, the chimney outlet is equipped with a fire-resistant box. The node of passage through the ventilation roof does not need fire protection, since the temperature in it is only 0.5-1 degrees higher than the room temperature.

Installation of penetration

In modern private houses equipped with gas or wood heating, ventilation is required. During cooking, breathing, washing, drying clothes, as well as performing water procedures, a large amount of water vapor is formed, which must be removed so that the home is not hot, stuffy and humid. The node for the passage through the roof of the ventilation pipe is equipped after the completion of installation work on the assembly of the air duct inside the room. To do this, you will need a rubber or silicone seal (Master Flash), a silicone-based sealant, a screwdriver, self-tapping screws, penetration. Installation is carried out as follows:

The location of the outlet of the duct is determined. Building codes prescribe the placement of ventilation pipes in the immediate vicinity of the roof ridge so that the opening is located between the rafters.

Professional roofers believe that an illiterately equipped unit for the passage through the roof of the ventilation pipe is the cause of leaks in 2 cases out of 10. This is often due to the location of the ventilation outlet, when a snow pocket does not form around. The snow surrounding the pipe thaws over time and penetrates under the roof. Therefore, some masters recommend leading the air duct directly through the ridge. It is worth noting that this method violates the integrity of the roof truss frame, therefore it has many opponents.

Ventilation passage through the roof

How to properly equip the ventilation passage through the roof? Overview of used passages. Technique for taking out the air duct to the street.

To ensure natural draft in the fireplace, you must first of all take care of the normal operation of ventilation and chimneys in the house. The natural draft can be increased by raising the height of the chimney or exhaust duct. Thus, the temperature difference will increase - the streams of warm air naturally rise through the ventilation ducts and the chimney, thus creating a rarefaction of air in the room, and the outside air enters the house. It turns out that ventilation and chimneys are closely related.

Natural draft is a directed air flow in the ventilation ducts and in the fireplace itself, without starting a fire, which occurs due to the differences in air temperature and vacuum (pressure) in the house and outside the house.

Indoor ventilation

Ventilation in a room depends on the overall air exchange throughout the house. Natural air circulation and ventilation in the house are hampered by metal-plastic windows with sealed glass bags, interior doors with seals, kitchen hoods with powerful fans. But, there are legislative norms for air exchange in apartments and houses. They say that all rooms must have the same air pressure, and the air inlets must compensate for the hood.

When drafting a house, one should take into account all devices that require ventilation, namely: gas boilers with chimneys, ventilation in the boiler room, in the kitchen, in the bathrooms and bathrooms, as well as the supply duct in the fireplace room. In case of insufficient supply air, the operation of the ventilation duct is disrupted and back draft is formed. And it is not always possible to correct the situation with just ventilation with the help of windows.

Chimneys and ventilation ducts

It is allowed to erect and place a chimney and ventilation in a private house only if there is a project and all norms, rules and requirements for construction work are observed. In this case, all rules and requirements for fire safety, for the convenience of installation and repair work, as well as for maintenance and operation, must be taken into account and followed.

A natural draft ventilation system removes air from the room where the fireplace is located, and the chimney system is responsible for removing combustion products from the hearth. By the way, the channels for ventilation and chimney must be made vertically, a slight slope is allowed, but without ledges. The inner surface of the chimney must be smooth and of the same cross-section. If you correctly design and carry out the installation of chimneys and ventilation, then due to this, there will always be optimal air exchange in the room and the possibility of reverse draft in the ventilation ducts is excluded. Also, carbon monoxide in the living room with a fireplace. It is allowed to place a single unit in ventilation and chimney ducts, dividing them in height with partitions (hermetically sealed). It is recommended to locate the ventilation pipe close to the chimney. There are no strict requirements here.

A chimney with a height of more than 4 meters will guarantee good draft. A towering chimney above the crowns of trees and neighboring high-rises, with thermal insulation, which in turn maintains a high temperature inside the chimney, will ensure the removal of combustion products under different weather conditions. The height of the chimney head of the fireplace must be higher than the outlet of the ventilation duct pipe.

The ventilation duct is capable of passing a limited amount of air, which depends on the cross-section of the pipe and the speed at which the air flow moves. The quality of natural draft can deteriorate due to the narrowed channel section, debris inside, irregularities in the inner surface of the pipe and the complex shape of the channels - these are the main factors that affect the draft. And one more thing: air currents that pass through the channel generate noise. Strong draft (ventilation through the chimney) is always accompanied by a hum in the chimney. In order to reduce the hum in the chimney, it is necessary to select the optimal channel section and thereby maintain a low air flow rate.

Checking ventilation and chimneys should be carried out at a strictly defined time, guided by the established norms and common sense, + carry out their cleaning if necessary. As a rule, the chimneys are checked quarterly before the start of the heating season, and it is enough to check the ventilation ducts once a year.

Ventilation system and draft

The effective operation of natural ventilation is influenced by many variables - pressure, air temperature, wind direction and speed. In the winter season, it is necessary to slightly cover the blinds, i.e. reduce the pulling force. In the summer period of the year, natural ventilation is almost inactive (does not work). In order for the draft to increase, you must create a vacuum in the ventilation ducts. This will help the installation of a special device - a spherical rotary turbine or a deflector on the head of the ventilation duct. The turbine deflector will continuously rotate and draw dirty air from the room to the street, regardless of the direction and strength of the wind.

A fireplace is a powerful exhaust device capable of removing a lot of air. If there is a hearth with an open heating chamber in a house where there is natural ventilation, during the heating of the fireplace, the air flow can go from the kitchen, bathroom, basements and other rooms into the living room with a fireplace. If there is no supply ventilation for the fireplace, then the ventilation duct will start working on the supply. To compensate for the removed air from the living room with a hearth, care should be taken to supply air from the outside or the adjacent room to the heating chamber of the fireplace.

The presence of ventilated systems with the induction of air evacuation prevents the appearance of reverse draft in the ventilation ducts, regardless of weather conditions. The intake of air is natural, but it comes out forcibly. The efficiency of the hood depends on the fans, which are installed on the top of the chimney or in each ventilation duct of the house. The supply and exhaust ventilation system, through an insulated duct connected to the street, draws in air, cleans and heats it, directing it to all rooms using an air duct. This system has a positive effect on the efficiency of the hearth, provides the required amount of air inflow, which already has room temperature.

Hearth and air exchange

In homes where the ventilation system has a natural impulse and in homes where the automatic supply and exhaust system, air exchange and natural draft are different. The fireplace in action enhances ventilation in the room and requires regular ventilation.

Often, the main mistake of the owners of fireplaces is that they do not take it into account in the overall ventilation system of the house. The air exchange system of the room is interconnected, and on this basis, the following should be taken into account: how air will be removed through the ventilation ducts, how fresh air will enter the room, and how much air will be burned. Therefore, the design of the chimney and ventilation should always be taken into account even at the stage of construction of the facility.