Perhaps, there are not as many myths and legends about a single plant as about a rose - this flower appeared on earth many millions of years ago and is still very popular among flower growers all over the world. Roses were revered in Ancient Persia, Greece, and France, but in Russia this flower was considered a pagan symbol for a long time. The high decorative qualities of this plant are sung in songs, odes and treatises are dedicated to it, many ancient families put it on their emblems.
Legends about the rose flower: where and how these plants appeared
According to archaeologists, roses have existed for about 35 million years - this is how the finds of fossilized plants are dated.
The history of the rose flower began in ancient India: it is from there that the first mention of this plant has come down to our days.
One of the treatises says that if a person brought a rose to the king, then according to the law he can ask the king for anything.
How the rose flower appeared, this manuscript does not say, but there is a beautiful legend associated with it:
Once in the opened rosebud, which consisted of 108 large and 1008 small petals, the most beautiful woman in the world appeared - Lakshmi. The guardian of the universe Vishnu, seeing her, kissed her and made him his wife.
According to this legend about the rose, Lakshmi became the goddess of beauty, and the plant itself became a symbol of divine mystery and a divine flower.
The first material confirmation of where the roses appeared was found in the Altai burial mounds (V-IV thousand BC) - they found silver coins with roses carved on them.
The rose was especially revered in Ancient Iran (Persia), and by the name of the rose - "gul" - this country was often called Gulistan.
There is a myth about rose flowers and the history of their origin here:
The Persian legend about the rose plant says: once the children of Flora appeared to Allah, complained about the eternally sleepy lotus and asked to appoint a new ruler instead of him; Allah appointed ruler white rose with sharp thorns; seeing the new queen of flowers, the nightingale in delight pressed his chest so hard that he hurt himself, and the petals turned pinkish.
The descendants of the ancient Persians invented a new myth about the rose, according to which white flower rose from the drops of sweat of the prophet Mohammed:
When he ascended to heaven at night, from the drops of sweat of the archangel Gabriel who accompanied him ascending - a red rose, and from the drops of sweat of the donkey who was with Mohammed a yellow rose appeared.
Hence comes the respectful attitude of Muslims to the rose and their belief in the cleansing power of rose water.
Where did the rose come from: flower myths
The earliest depictions of roses in Europe are the frescoes of the Palace of Knossos in Crete, which date from the 16th century. BC e. Around the same time, the rose was widespread in Egypt. During the excavation of Egyptian tombs 170 BC. e. wreaths of roses were discovered, which are so well preserved that it was even possible to establish their botanical appearance.
The ancient Greeks considered the rose a gift from the gods and believed that it emerged from the white foam that covered the body of Aphrodite, emerging from the sea at birth. Appreciating a new beautiful flower, the gods immediately sprinkled it with nectar, thanks to which the rose had the finest divine aroma. But the nectar did not make the flower immortal, because evil forces envied its beauty.
The rose remained white until disaster struck. Aphrodite received word that her beloved Adonis had been mortally wounded by a boar. Without making out the way, the goddess of beauty ran to the place of the tragedy. A few drops of her blood fell on the rose, and from white its petals turned bright red.
Another myth about how red roses appeared says that Cupid gave this flower to the world. Once, during a feast of the gods, Cupid, fluttering, overturned a vessel with nectar, and this magical liquid gave the flowers a wonderful smell and painted red.
As you can see, each nation has its own legends of where the rose came from, and this adds to the gorgeous flower of attraction.
The legend where the name "rose" came from
If we talk about where the name "rose" came from, then the ancient Greeks are sure that it appeared thanks to the goddess Flora:
According to this myth about the rose, Flora managed to avoid meeting with Cupid for quite a long time, but he nevertheless overtook her and struck her with his arrow. Flora was inflamed with love, but now Cupid began to avoid her. In response, the goddess created a flower that would laugh and cry, combine sadness and joy. Seeing the flower, she wanted to dedicate it to her beloved and call it "Eros", but hesitated and said only "grew", and since then everyone calls this flower a rose.
But that's not all the versions!
Another legend about where the rose came from is also associated with Cupid:
The goddess of the hunt, supposedly in love with him, Diana, once, in a fit of jealousy for the beautiful nymph Rosalia, killed her, injuring her with thorn bushes. The distressed Cupid, finding the lifeless body of his beloved, began to cry, his tears fell on the thorns and turned into flowers of amazing beauty - roses.
The ancient Greeks loved roses, these flowers were used to decorate homes, temples of numerous gods (and first of all, of course, Aphrodite) and public buildings, chariots and streets. They were worn on the head in the form of wreaths as a sign of mourning, they were used to remove monuments and urns with ashes, as they believed that the smell of a rose would protect the remains from destruction and would be pleasant to the souls of the dead.
From Greece, the rose came to Rome, where it also became a favorite flower. The Romans grew roses for their petals. Scented pads were filled with petals, added to perfumes, food, cosmetics, and on holidays they were strewn with them. In ancient times, the technology of making aromatic oil from rose petals was already known.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, the rose was temporarily forgotten, because it was considered a pagan symbol among Christians. In the Middle Ages, the popularity of roses returned and, as the paintings of that time testify, they even became part of the cult of the Virgin Mary. During prayer, the monks sorted out a rosary made from dried rose hips.
How many varieties of roses are there
Numerous varieties of roses appeared at the end of the 18th century.
Few people know one more interesting fact about roses: it turns out that even Napoleon was engaged in rose growing. He invested huge sums in growing roses. His wife at the Château de Malmaison collected the best collection of roses at that time.
It is known that cultivated roses are derived from wild-growing flowers. The most common of these is the dog rose, or “dog rose,” native to Northern Europe. In the XTV century, the crusaders brought Gallic and Damascus roses to Europe from the Middle East. They became the progenitors of, as they say now, old varieties.
It was only in the 18th century that Chinese roses came to France and then to England. They had a longer flowering period.
The efforts of breeders at the end of XVIII - early XIX centuries were aimed at breeding varieties with repeated flowering, and these efforts were rewarded by obtaining a group of new varieties of roses, the so-called remontant (repeating flowering).
And from crossing remontant roses with tea roses and varieties of tea roses among themselves, roses were obtained.
This group of roses with abundant long flowering, graceful terry fragrant flowers, distinguished by the richness of color shades, became very widespread and now occupies a leading place in the range.
Polyanthus roses with a lush inflorescence of small flowers were formed as a result of crossing with one of the low-growing Chinese roses. From polyanthus and hybrid tea varieties, roses with large flowers in inflorescences were obtained.
Modern rose varieties appear constantly. The breeders have created a group of park (shrub) roses. Among them there are ground cover varieties, the care of which is minimal, moreover, many of them are own-rooted.
How many varieties of roses are there in the world? Currently, the global assortment of roses includes about 25 thousand varieties and shapes. And, despite how many varieties of roses are already cultivated, more and more varieties are added to this number.
Roses have been held in high esteem by all peoples since ancient times. The Romans considered roses a symbol of morality, the Greeks planted rose gardens around the temple of Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, and covered the path of newlyweds with rose petals. And rose water was one of the most widely used cosmetics.
Description of the rose plant and its photo
Here you can find a photo and description of a rose - one of the most beautiful flowers on Earth:
Roses are a separate genus of the Rosaceae family that unites different kinds cultivated (roses) and wild (rose hips) species.
The description of a rose flower cannot be unambiguous, because outwardly these plants are very different: they are erect or creeping multi-stem shrubs, from 0.3 to 2.5 m in height, and some evergreen climbing species reach 10 m. Woody stems and shoots are almost always covered with thorns of various sizes and shapes.
The only similarity in the description of the rose plant is the structure of their leaves: they are all complex, pinnate, in most species they consist of 5 - 7, sometimes 9-11 leaves.
Flowers of various colors, bisexual, solitary or collected in umbellate - paniculate inflorescences. Many garden species they form on annual wood. Their flowering is repeated several times during the summer.
Fruits are nut-like, with a dense woody shell, ripen in August-September. They contain from 3-5 to 100 or more seeds. They are widely used in medicine.
Roses are distinguished by the shape of the bush, aroma and color of flowers. That is why they are used in a wide variety of plantings, combining with other plants, or creating gardens only from roses ().
Rose is a member of the Rosaceae family. Today this genus has about 400 species of wild roses, about 1000 subspecies and more than 30 thousand varieties. And every year there are more and more varieties and hybrids, and it becomes more and more difficult to classify them. This huge economy requires systematization, and this process is ongoing.
For many years there was confusion in the international rose community, as the standards adopted in each country were significantly different. For decades, work has been going on to compile a unified classification of roses, and in 1976 the World Federation of Rose Societies approved uniform classification roses, which was based on their decorative and biological characteristics, and not their origin.
Since then, of course, there have been changes, new varieties are added to the list, new groups are included.
Such a systematization is of practical importance not only for science, but also for every gardener: knowing which group a particular variety belongs to, a florist can navigate what conditions a plant needs, where it is best to plant it and how to care for it.
What a variety of sizes and shapes of bushes, stems, leaves, flowers, aromas this plant has - roses!
Choosing the appropriate varieties and varieties, you can literally "drown" the garden in the beauty and aromas of these plants, blooming from early summer to late autumn.
These varieties include a polyanthus rose, if you choose the right type, then flowering begins in May, repeats twice and ends its color before the onset of frost.
That is why roses and is the "queens" of flowers dominating all other colors and overshadowing them with their beauty.
Rose culture stories
A little about the history of culture, which goes far into the depths of the centuries. Some sources claim that roses appeared on earth even before the appearance of man, i.e. about 6 million years ago.Other data (evidenced by excavations carried out in Europe, Asia and North America), claim that roses existed on earth 30 million years ago. Jewelry images of a rose were found on the island of Crete in 2800-2100 BC.
Later, about ten centuries, the image of the rose appeared in painting in architecture weaving. People tried to convey their admiration for the beauty and grace of the flower through sculptures made of clay marble, metal of precious stones and even ... with the movements of their own bodies: remember how many magnificent dances were dedicated to the rose. Where did the rose come from? The ancestral home of this miracle flower is not yet precisely known. Here the opinions of many scientists differ.
Some believe that the rose first appeared in China., from there then the Chinese rose was brought to Europe. Others claim that the majority of European roses originate from the Middle East of Persia and Mesopotamia.
The rose is known to be the favorite flower of the Persians - it is no coincidence that Persia was called Gulistan the country of rose gardens.
The epithet "queen of flowers" was first awarded to a rose at the beginning of plant cultivation. This honorary title was given to her by the Greek poet Sappho from the island of Lesvos.
This happened around 600 BC, although the rose looked very modest then. At the turn of the Middle Ages, the rose already had the names Rosa gallica Gallic or French rose), Rosa damascena (Damascus rose), Rosa centifolia (Columbus or Provencal rose), etc. The named varieties of roses can still be found in their original form in old gardens today. Rose gardens and rose gardens originally existed only in the princely parks.
In France, Empress Josephine laid her rose garden in the park near the Melmaison Palace, donated to her in 1798 by her husband Napoleon the First. In 1814, 250 different varieties of roses grew in the Malmaison rose garden. By order of the empress, they were collected not only from all over the country, but were also brought from other countries, for example from Holland, where they began to engage in targeted cultivation of certain varieties of roses relatively early.
A decisive role in the breeding of numerous garden roses was played by participation in the crossing of wild-growing species, their natural hybrids, different varieties of old forms of roses.
From the end of the 18th century, a new stage in the cultivation of roses began. Gigantic works were carried out on their hybridization, selection, introduction, more than 20 thousand varieties were bred.
In 1867, the French breeder F. Guillot, after crossing a tea rose brought from China with a remontant rose, received the first hybrid tea rose, which he named "La France". Since then, hybrid tea (which is also called noble) in the pedigree of which a large number of famous ancestors appear, has become the most popular group. Already at the beginning of the 20th century, the number of varieties of this group alone reached more than 10 thousand pieces.
How many varieties of roses are there, including mutations? (ie, random changes) in the world today can only be said approximately. This is probably a figure close to 30,000. Every year, new varieties are added to this number, while the old ones are forgotten and go out of use.
Rose breeding, classic methods
Despite the fact that radiation and chemical mutagenesis has been used in modern breeding for decades, the bulk of the varieties are still obtained using classical methods.These methods have always required extreme precision, care in selecting parental pairs, crossing, growing seedlings and a lot of time to select them.
Breeders have counted, that for the breeding of one - the only new variety, up to 2000 seedlings are required. It takes years to develop one such variety. Also breeders claim that there will never be a perfect perfect rose.
This is because what the breeders are striving for is not limited to the outside, including the color, size of flowers or their aroma, but also affects such qualities as the duration of flowering, resistance to adverse weather conditions and disease resistance. Through continuous selection work, roses are selected that approach such almost ideal samples.
Rose scent, rose scent chemistry
In the rose garden First of all, you will be amazed at the richness and variety of colors and shapes of flowers, and upon closer examination you will see that the varieties have different shapes of petals, leaves, color of stems, shapes of thorns and differences in aroma. Both some large fragrant flowers (eg peonies) and roses have a wide range of scents.In addition to their inherent, as we have already said, "the usual aroma" - roses can smell like irises, violets, apples, citron, clover, hyacinth, moss, orange, laurel, anise, lily of the valley, honey, wine, quince, geranium, pepper, parsley, raspberries. The chemistry of the fragrance, like the color, is very complex, but it is precisely in roses that it is well studied.
Volatiles essential oils They are secreted by microscopic small glands on the upper side of the petals and create various aromas. People with a keen sense of smell perceive odors differently and especially when it comes about faintly smelling varieties.
There are varieties of rosesthat spread such a strong aroma that even people with ordinary charm can easily identify it.
It was found that there is a relationship between scent, flower color, temperature and weather conditions. Dark roses smell stronger. Roses with thick petals smell stronger than those with thinner petals.
In cool weather, the aroma of roses is weaker than in warm weather. Roses growing on heavy soil rich in nutrients smell stronger than those growing on light soil. However, excess nutrients reduce flavor.
N. Ya. Ippolitova, candidate of agricultural sciences
The rose belongs to the genus Rosehip of the Multicolored family. The plant itself is a shrub, the size of which can vary greatly from 15 cm to over 2 meters. The branches of the plant are covered with thorns, and the leaves are green in color and are pinnate. We distinguish roses by color. But they differ not only on this basis. They can be dwarf, curly, bush, tree-like, differ in the shape of the petals and aroma. There are over 20,000 different varieties of roses and today more and more varieties of these beautiful flowers continue to be produced.
The rose flower is a thermophilic plant, but it is capable of growing and blooming in rather harsh climates. Sunlight is an important prerequisite for flowering plants. If the plant is planted in the shade, it may stop blooming or bloom weakly.
Rose is the queen of flowers. Every person knows about its existence. This is a very ancient plant. The first mentions of it date back to the II millennium BC. Persia is considered the birthplace of the rose. To date, one of the oldest roses is considered a rose growing in Germany on the territory of the Hildesheim Cathedral of the Assumption of St. Mary. It is called the millennial rose, which is 13 m high and 50 cm in diameter. This rose has its own legend: “Once in 885, King Louis went hunting and was lost in the forest. He removed the cross from his chest and began to pray. Then he fell asleep. When he woke up, he saw a rose bush blooming around the cross. Later on that place he ordered to build a chapel dedicated to Our Lady. " During the Second World War, the bush was badly burned, but in May 1945 it came to life and blossomed again.
Hildesheim Cathedral of the Assumption of St. Mary.
Millennial rose bush.
In the United States (Arizona) in the city of Toomstone in 1885, a rose was planted, which is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest rose. It occupies 740 m². The diameter of its trunks is 3.7 m.
The most beautiful and expensive varieties of roses in the world:
The most beautiful varieties of roses in the world video
Pierre de ronsard
This rose was named after the French medieval poet and literary figure. This variety of roses is considered not only beautiful but also expensive. Louis de Funes was a big fan of these roses.
Hybrid Tea Rose - Rosa Augusta Luise
This variety of roses is among the best. The color of this rose depends on the weather. It can be pink in wine, champagne or peach. The aroma is reminiscent of a fruity scent with raspberries.
English rose - Grace
This peach-colored flower is recognized as one of the beautiful varieties of English selection. It is shaped like a peach-scented dahlia.
Rose de resht
The Portland rose variety was known as early as the 17th century. Rasht is the name of the Iranian city from where this variety came to Europe. This is one of the most the best varieties roses, characterized by a strong aroma with long flowering.
"Dijon"
This beautiful and rare variety of roses grows in the tropics and can bloom all year round.
Rainbow Rose:
This delightful rose was created by the man who owns the flower company - Peter Van de Werken. Peter cut the stem of the white rose into several pieces so that colored water could flow to the petals through each channel. How many colors, so many flowers will be on the rose petals.
Rare flower - twin rose:
Sometimes in nature there are also such roses - two buds at once on one stem.
The smallest rose
In India, in the city of Indore, the florist Sudhir Hetavat bred a rose with an inflorescence of only 1 cm. He spent several years experimenting with breeding a miniature rose at the Pyramid Research Center. This miracle of nature was due to the effect on the rose of an electromagnetic field, which stops the growth of the plant. This rose belongs to the petite polie variety. The size of its flowers usually reaches 3-4 cm. Botanist Sudhir Hetavat called his rose "diamond". She, as the smallest, was entered in the national book of records. Perhaps in the future it will be entered into the Guinness Book of Records.
For many generations, bouquets of roses have been especially appreciated. They delight with their beauty and splendor.
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Roses are the most beautiful, beautiful and fragrant flowers that have become a kind of symbol of love, romance and tenderness all over the world. Below you will find out the most curious, amusing and interesting details about roses.
1. Those who regularly inhale the pink scent are much more benevolent, unobtrusive and have an even light aura
2. Rose oil is included in ninety-eight percent of women's perfumery and forty-eight percent of men's
3. The Japanese bred one of the most beautiful varieties "Chameleon", during the day the flower is filled with a bright red tone, and with the onset of night they are repainted in a snow-white shade
4. In the Middle Ages in France, roses were handed over to the smartest and most modest girls for a holiday
5. The Romans in the ancient period were the first to start growing rose bushes, more than ten different varieties were described in the works. For example, the Romans sprinkled the wedding bed with petals, the crowned people wore pink wreaths, and the emperors drank rose wine at feasts.
6. Pink scent is one of the strongest antidepressants
7. The largest number of roses - about three million, is sold on Valentine's Day. But it is not necessary to please your beloved only 1-2 times a year, a girl requires attention and care so that she smells like a rose, which is why today you can buy roses on the Internet, if there is no time for this during the day - fast delivery and better service.
8. The smallest pink C buds are no longer than a grain of rice
9. To get a kilogram of rose oil, it takes about three tons of petals
10. Rosa is the collective name for all plants of the genus Rosehip.
11. Rose is an essential attribute of a wedding celebration. Traditionally, white roses are used, symbolizing purity, eternity, the strongest love feeling and sincerity, but they can also be scarlet - hot strong feelings and crazy passion
12. Roses pink colour sophistication, sophistication and elegance are symbolized
13. Confucius has about six hundred volumes about roses in his collections
14. An interesting fact - if you cross two fragrant roses, you end up with a hybrid without an odor or with a weak sound.
15. The oldest roses noted in historical sources were roses on the wall of a cathedral in the German city of Hildesheim 815g
16. In Christianity in the early centuries, white roses symbolized the Virgin Mary, and five rose petals were identified with the five wounds of Christ
17. In many legends, scarlet roses appeared thanks to the beautiful love goddess Aphrodite. It was written in them that the goddess plucked a white rose and, pricked on the thorns, dropped a blood drop on the flower, from which it acquired a scarlet hue. According to another version, they were raised by her beloved Adonis
18. White roses symbolize the delighted pure feelings of its donor
19. This flower came to Russia only in the sixteenth century, and was only the property of the royal court
20. In May every year in Bulgaria there is a festival in honor of this flower, which symbolizes the beginning of the collection of petals for making oil, here the rose is a symbol of happiness
21. In England, two yellow roses are traditionally used to confess love.
22. Rose is the national flower of Iran, England and the USA
23. In the writings of Shakespeare, this flower is mentioned more than fifty times
24. Most best sellers roses - Dutch, the most the best gardeners - French, and the best oil producers are Bulgarians
Rose is the general name of all species and varieties of plants belonging to the genus Rosehip (lat. Rosa) and cultivated by man.
Its russian name rose got thanks to the Latin word rosa, which sounds the same in many languages \u200b\u200bof the world. The Latin name of the plant comes from Greek rhedonmeaning red. This was the name of one of the most ancient varieties of the rose - the Gallic one, which is really distinguished by its red color.
Rose - description, characteristics, photo
The first to describe the rose was the ancient Greek philosopher and botanist Theofast. He also substantiated the scientific characteristics of wild and garden roses, and also outlined the main methods of agricultural technology and reproduction. As a result of the tireless work of breeders today, there are a great many amazingly beautiful roses obtained by crossing and long selection of several varieties of wild rose hips.
Depending on the variety, the shape of the rose bush is:
- spreading,
- creeping (ground cover),
- narrow pyramidal,
- drooping.
The height of the rose ranges from 20-30 cm in miniature varieties to 6 meters in long-leaved roses cultivated in hot regions.
- Miniature roses grow up to 25-35 cm;
- The height of polyanthus roses is 30-45 cm (some varieties reach 60 cm);
- Hybrid tea roses and floribunda roses are 30-90 cm high;
- Climbing roses reach a length of 2.5 to 6 meters.
In some varieties of roses, the branches are bare, in others they are covered with small bristles. Thorny rose bushes can be densely covered with short, straight thorns or covered with large curved thorns.
Rose leaves can be leathery, dense, glossy or elongated, graceful, with a pointed tip. The color of the leaves is from light green to maroon.
Rose flowers have a diameter of 1.8 to 18 cm, and the number of petals can be from 5 (in simple buds) to 128 in densely doubled ones. By the number of petals, they are distinguished:
- Simple roses (maximum 7 petals per flower);
- Semi-double roses (8 to 20 petals per flower);
- Double roses (more than 20 petals per flower);
- Dense double roses (more than 60 petals per flower).
The shape of the flower has several options: pompom (spherical), pitcher, round, flat, conical or goblet, cup-shaped, rosette, cruciform-rosette.
What color are roses?
The color range of roses abounds in all possible palette of shades, except for pure blue: there are red roses, scarlet, white, cream, apricot (peach), orange, yellow, pink, crimson, burgundy (dark red), dark purple, green , lilac, blue, black roses.
Below are the varieties of roses by color:
White roses: cultivars Weise Wolke, Iceberg, Pascali, Avalanche, Frau Karl Druschki, Virgo, Margaret Merril, William And Catherine, Winchester Cathedral, Madame Hardy, Meifaissell, Kent, Panda Meidiland, Gourmet Popcorn, Alba.
Apricot (peach) roses: varieties Grace, Caramella, Crown Princess Margareta, Charles Austin, Bengali, Rosemary Harkness, Bengali, Belvedere.
Light– pink roses: varieties New Dawn, Sebastian Kneipp, Schwanensee, Rokoko, Winchester Cathedral, Queen Elizabeth, The Fairy.
Pink and crimson roses: varieties Queen of Sweden, Alan Titchmarsh, Spirit of Freedom, Pink Robusta, Jasmina, Maxi Vita, Fortuna, Wedding Bells, Hansa Park, Amulett, Young Lycidas, Johan Wolfgang von Goethe, Louise Odier, Bonica, Terracota, Cameo.
Yellow roses: varieties China Girl, Friesia, Lichtkonigin Lucia, Rugelda, Graham Thomas, Gold Spice, Golden Age, Landora, Arthur Bell, Golden Wedding.
Roses dark– purple colors: Munstead Wood, Falstaff, Ascot, Astrid Grafin von Hardenberg varieties.
Green roses: varieties Green Ice, Lime Sublime, Greensleeves, Green Diamond, Unique Green Rose, Green Planet, St. Patrick's Day, Jade, Limbo, Melannie.
Brown roses: Black Tea, Julia’s Rose, Chocolate Ruffles, Estelle de Meilland, Leonidas, Coffee Break.
Lilac and purple roses: Rhapsody in Blue, Burgundy Ice, Midnight Blue, Blue Nile, Veilchenblau.
Black roses: varieties Barkarole, Black Magic, Black Baccara, Tradescant. (in fact, these roses are not black, but maroon. They only appear black in certain lighting conditions).
Multicolored roses
In addition to monochromatic varieties, there are many color combinations. Varieties of multicolored roses:
- Red-white roses (Stars and Stripes variety - Stars n'Stripes);
- Orange-yellow roses (hummingbird variety - Colibri);
- Creamy pink-orange roses (Barock variety);
- Golden yellow roses with pink edging (Talisman cultivar);
- Pink-creamy-apricot roses (variety of Chicago Peace - Chicago Peace);
- Red-golden-cream roses with stripes and specks on the petals (variety Decor Harlequin - Décor Arlequin);
- White-pink roses (variety First Lady - First Lady, Eden Rose 85 - Eden Rose 85);
- Creamy yellow flowers with pink edging (Gloria Dei cultivar);
- Raspberry roses with a white-silvery shade (variety Monica Bellucci - Monica Bellucci);
- Terracotta roses with cream-colored spots (cultivar Paul Gauguin - Paul Gauguin);
- Cream roses with cherry edging (Nostalgie - Nostalgie);
- Yellow roses with blushing edging (Pullman Orient Express);
- Yellow-pink roses (Midsummer - Midsummer);
- White roses with a yellow heart (Pilgrim - Pilgrim);
- Yellow-crimson striped roses (Broceliande).
Stars n'Stripes variety
Sunshine Babylon Eyes
Pilgrim variety
Monica Bellucci variety
Chocolate Ruffles
There are also varieties of roses that change color during flowering:
- The Sunmaid rose variety changes color from yellow to orange and red;
- The variety of roses Reine des Violette (Rein de Violette) changes color from purple to purple-purple;
- Rose Pur Caprice (Pur Caprice) has a golden red color, but over time acquires a greenish tint;
- Greensleeves roses bloom pinkish-creamy buds that change color to light green;
- Rose Happy Chappy changes color from orange to pink.
Rose scent
Some varieties of roses have an unsurpassed, sophisticated aroma, ranging from the scent of the classic damask rose, citrus, fruit and ending with subtle notes of spices and exotic incense. And other roses, on the contrary, either have a faint smell or do not smell at all.
- Raspberry aroma exudes the roses Prestige de Lyon, Grand Gala, Mainauduft, Madame Isaac Pereire;
- Roses of varieties Grisbi and Paul Ricard have anise smell;
- Roses of the varieties Caprice De Meilland, Sonia Meilland, Frederic Mistral, Goldelse, Eden Rose have a fruity aroma;
- The scent is exuded by the roses New Dawn, Zephirine Drouhin;
- The fragrance is distributed by roses of the varieties Rustica, Madame Hardy, Duftwolke, Princess Alexandra of Kent, Jubilee Celebration, Golden Celebration, Well Being;
- The hawthorn scent is of the Magic Meillandecor variety;
- The scent of honey and almond is spread by Winchester Cathedral roses;
- Liv Tyler's rose has an apricot scent;
- Meifaissell and Summer Song roses boast a scent;
- Laurent Cabrol roses exude banana and scent;
- The aroma of sweet cherry and melon is spread by the Paul Bocuse roses;
- Smell and have roses Lady Emma Hamilton;
- The rose Notre Dame du Rosaire has notes of mango and lemon;
- The aroma of passionfruit exudes Rosemary Harkness,
- Cinnamon and the smell of Georges Denjean rose.
Where do roses grow?
The wild rose, called the wild rose, grows throughout Europe, Asia and North America. The very first garden roses appeared in Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece, and beautiful roses came to northern Europe only at the end of the 18th century, where they were brought from Asia. In the gardens of Russia, the rose appeared only at the end of the 19th century.
Rose is a thermophilic plant, therefore, the best results for its cultivation can be achieved in regions with a warm climate. Today, the leaders in the cultivation and sale of roses are countries such as Holland, Colombia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Ecuador.
Especially for regions with risky farming, many frost-resistant varieties have been bred, which give excellent results if certain agrotechnical standards are observed. Therefore, in our time, the rose can be found in any part of the world.
The modern classification of roses is not based on their origin, which is often lost in the mists of time, but on the biological and decorative characteristics of a class or conditional group. The modern rose classification was approved by the World Federation of Rose Society (WFRS) in 1976. Latest version published in Modern Roses XI. The World Encyclopedia of Roses. Academic Press. 2000.
- Species (Sp) - Wild roses
- Old Garden Roses - Old garden roses
- Alba (A) - Roses of Alba (A)
- Ayrshire (Ayr) - Roses of Ayrshire (Ayr)
- Bourbon & Climbing Bourbon (B & Cl B) - Bourbon Roses and Climmers (B)
- Boursalt (Bslt) - Roses of Burso (Bslt)
- Centifolia (C) - Centifolia roses (columnar roses) (C)
- Damask (D) - Damask roses (D)
- Hybrid Bracteata (HBc) - Hybrids of rose Bracteata (Bq)
- Hybrid China & Climbing Hybrid China (HCh) - Hybrids of the Chinese rose and their clays
- Hybrid Eglanteria (HEg) - Hybrids of rose Eglanteria (Eg)
- Hybrid Foetida (HFt) - Hybrids of the rose Thetis, or lutea (Ft)
- Hybrid Gallica (HGal) - Hybrids of Gallica rose, or French rose (Gal)
- Hybrid Multiflora (HMult) - Multiflora rose hybrids (Mult)
- Hybrid Perpetual (HP) - Hybrids of remontant rose (Rem)
- Hybrid Sempervirens (HSem) - Hybrids of the rose Sempervirens (Sem)
- Hybrid Setigera (HSet) - Hybrids of Setigera rose (Set)
- Hybrid Spinosissima (HSpn) - Hybrids of the Spinozissima (Spin) rose, or hybrids of the Pimpinellifolia rose (Hybrid Pimpinellifolia), or small-leaved roses.
- Miscellaneous OGR (Misc. OGR) - A variety of old garden roses (Bowl)
- Moss & Climbing Moss (M & Cl M) - Moss roses and their clays (Moss)
- Noisette (N) - Noisette roses (Noise)
- Portland (P) - Portland roses (P)
- Tea & Climbing Tea - Tea roses and their clays
- Modern Roses - Modern garden roses
- Floribunda & Climbing Floribunda (F & Cl F) - Floribunda and their climbers (Fl)
- Grandiflora & Climbing Grandiflora (Gr & Cl Gr) - Grandiflora and their climbers (Grand)
- Hybrid Kordesii (HKor) - Hybrids of the rose of Cordes (Cor)
- Hybrid Moyesii (HMoy) - Moyesi rose hybrids (Mo)
- Hybrid Musk (HMsk) - Hybrids of Musk rose (Musk)
- Hybrid Rugosa (HRg) - Hybrids of rose Rugosa (Rug)
- Hybrid Wichurana (HWich) - Hybrids of the Vishuran rose, Hybrids of the Vihurian rose, or Hybrids of the Vihur rose (Vish)
- Hybrid Tea and Climbing Hybrid Tea (HT & Cl HT) - Hybrid tea roses and their clays (Chg)
- Large-Flowered Climber (LCl) - Climbing large-flowered roses (Plt)
- Miniature (Min) - Miniature roses (Min)
- Mini-Flora (MinFl) - Roses Miniflora (MinF), or Roses Patio - Patio
- Polyantha (Pol) - Polyantha roses (Sex)
- Shrub (S) - Shrubs (Shr)
Types and varieties of roses, names and photos
The whole variety of roses includes over 3000 varieties and hybrids. Below is a brief description of some types and varieties of roses:
Rugosa rose hybrids
This is a class of rose varieties that originate from the wrinkled rose hip. Rose inflorescences can be simple, semi-double and double. In some varieties, the number of petals reaches 180. Distinctive features of varieties of this class are high resistance to frost and the ability to grow without winter shelter. Due to their unpretentiousness to growing conditions, Rugosa rose hybrids are the favorite varieties of park roses.
The best varieties of Rugosa roses:
- the Rose Queen of the North
Shrub up to 120 cm high with light green pointed leaves, single, sometimes repeated flowering. Double-type flowers, intense pink with a violet tinge, reach 7 cm in diameter. This rose variety is especially popular in Russia, Finland, Norway and Estonia.
- the Rose Parfum de l'Hay (Perfume de Lay)
Dense thorny shrub 120 to 150 cm high and wide, with repeated flowering. Semi-double flowers, up to 10 cm in diameter, differ in carmine-red or cherry-scarlet color with yellow anthers and a pronounced aroma.
Hybrid tea roses
Hybrid tea roses make up a group of varieties bred on the basis of (fragrant rose) (lat.Rosa odorata). Most varieties are distinguished by increased resistance to diseases and pests, but are significantly susceptible to freezing, therefore, in frosty winters, they require reliable shelter. Among the varietal variety there are compact plants up to 50 cm high and medium-sized plants up to 1 m. The branches are hard, the leaves of roses are large, dark green. The color scheme of the tea rose starts with warm pink tones and ends in bright orange and maroon. Flowers are double or densely double, up to 14 cm in diameter, single or collected in inflorescences.
The most common varieties of hybrid tea roses:
- rose Julia's Rose (Julias Rose)
An excellent option for cutting: a bush up to 80 cm high consists of erect shoots. Awesome beautiful flowers roses with a diameter of 5-7 cm are distinguished by a slightly elongated shape and coffee color with a creamy caramel tint.
- the Rose Peace (Gloria Dei, Gioia)
An excellent shrub for vertical gardening of large areas. IN english language this rose is called Peace (Peace), in German it is called Gloria Dei (Gloria Dei), in Italian its name sounds like Gioia (Joya). A sprawling rose bush with a small number of thorns grows up to 2 meters, unpretentious, easy to cultivate. Large, double, single flowers up to 13-15 cm in diameter have a golden color with a wide carmine edging of the petals.
Floribunda roses
This is a varietal group obtained by crossing polyanthus and tea roses. The group includes border varieties (up to 40 cm high), medium-sized (up to 80 cm), as well as tall varieties with a shoot length of more than 1 m. A distinctive feature of the group is bouquet flowering and semi-double flowers, collected in luxurious brushes.
Due to the abundant flowering, Floribunda rose varieties need high-quality soil and a large amount of dressing. Roses overwinter well under shelters and are medium to high resistance to rain, powdery mildew and black spot.
The best varieties of Floribunda roses:
- rose Margaret Merril (Margaret Merril)
The bush is 70-150 cm high and up to 1.2 m wide. The flowers are semi-double, cup-shaped, at first they bloom one by one, with repeated flowering they form brushes. In the temperate zone, rose flowers are distinguished by a pale pink color of petals; in hot climates, the inflorescences are pure white, with pink middle... The aroma is spicy or reminiscent of rose oil.
- Rose varietiesRumba (Rumba)
It has bright colors with yellow, pink and orange hues. The height of the rose bush reaches 40-60 cm.The diameter of the flowers is 3-4 cm.
- VarietyApricot Clementine (Epricot Clementine)
A variety with a bush height from 40 to 60 cm. Flowers 4-5 cm in diameter, delicate apricot shade, with a light aroma. The variety is unpretentious in care, frost-resistant.
- floribunda rose varieties Angela (Angela)
Vigorously growing vigorous shrub up to 80 cm wide and up to 3.5-4 m high with individual flexible branches up to 6 m in length. This rose variety features continuous flowering throughout the season. The flowers are pale pink with a raspberry hue, do not fade and have a light fruit aroma.
- the Rose Queen elizabeth (Queen Elizabeth)
A vigorous shrub up to 3 m in height is most common in the south of Russia due to its unpretentiousness and long flowering period. Flowers up to 11 cm in diameter are collected in 3-15 pieces, differ in a pale pink color with a darker seamy side and a sweet aroma.
Roses of Grandiflora
This is a group of varieties appearance reminiscent of tea roses, but with an abundant flowering, like Floribunda. Plants are erect, practically do not bush, grow up to 2 m in height. The varieties are distinguished by long blooming of double flowers and high resistance to frost.
Popular varieties of roses Grandiflora:
- rose Tchaikovski (Tchaikovsky) (called Maggie in Australia)
Differs in intensive growth and abundant flowering from mid-summer to late September. The height of the bush, depending on the region, ranges from 80 to 180 cm. Flowers up to 10 cm in diameter have a delicate creamy color with an apricot or light yellow center.
- the RoseLove (Love)
The rose has bright red flowers. Outer side petals are painted in silvery-white shades. The height of the bush is 80 cm.
Shrubs (half-leafed roses, shrubs)
Shrubs are a class of roses used in vertical and horizontal landscaping. There are 3 informal groups within the class:
- nostalgic shrubs(considered as a variety of scrubs and are not officially allocated to a separate group), including a group of English roses and some varieties of famous German and French brands.
A well-known and popular variety of the group is the rose Cuthbert grant (Cuthbert Grant), a compact shrub that grows up to 120 cm in height and 90 cm in width. Double purple flowers are collected in neat brushes of 3-9 pieces. The variety is highly resistant to black spot, ash and rust.
- ground cover scrubs(considered as a variety of scrubs and are not officially identified in a separate group) form a group of varieties, which is divided into high and low creeping varieties, as well as small and large drooping varieties.
An interesting variety of large drooping roses is the rose Sommermorgen (Sommermorgen) used for curbs, container plantings and for cutting. The bush up to 70 cm high and up to 1.5 m wide is covered with small double flowers of light pink color up to 5 cm in diameter.
Polyanthus roses
This species is the result of selective crossing of multiflorous and Chinese roses. The flowers of the plant are rather small (3-4 cm in diameter), collected in corymbose inflorescences. There are varieties of roses with regular and double flowers of pinkish, red and white tonewith a pleasant aroma or absolutely odorless. Flowering is abundant and long-lasting until the first frost. The height of a highly branched bush, depending on the variety, varies from 30 to 60 cm.Polyanthus roses grow well in open ground, and undersized specimens are often grown at home. The most popular varieties of polyanthus roses:
- VarietyOrange Triumph (Orange Triumph)
A lush bush of roses with dense red-orange flowers with a diameter of 4-5 cm. This variety of roses is resistant to fungal infections.
- Variety of polyanthus rosesThe Fairy (The Faerie)
The buds are pale pink. The height of the bush is 70 cm. The width is up to 1.2 m. Up to 10-40 buds with a diameter of 3-4 cm appear on each brush.
- VarietyLittle White Pet (Little White Pet)
Very beautiful roses with white double flowers. The spreading bush reaches a height of 80 cm.The diameter of the flowers is 4-5 cm.
Miniature roses
Plants with low, from 15 to 50 cm, compact bushes, covered with single flowers or collected in inflorescences. The color of flowers is quite multifaceted, many varieties exude a pleasant aroma. The bloom of miniature roses is abundant and almost continuous until the very frost. Depending on the type, they are suitable for growing both in the open field and as a pot culture. Beautiful varieties of miniature roses:
- VarietyLittle Sunset (Little Sunset)
A miniature rose with small double flowers of bright yellow color with a red edging along the edge of the petals. The height of the bush is 30-40 cm.
- VarietyMandy (Mandy)
Great option for indoor growing. Dense bush 25-35 cm high, abundantly strewn with scarlet double flowers.
- VarietyLavender Meillandina (Lavender Meilandina)
Rose 40-50 cm high and up to 40 cm wide.The color of the buds is lilac-purple, the diameter of the flowers is 4-6 cm.
Flower diameter 3-5 cm. Yellow buds. The height of the bush reaches 40-50 cm.
Climbing roses
Plants with surprisingly flexible and very long stems from 3 to 6 meters, which are excellent for growing on a support. Among the varietal variety, there are specimens with regular or lush double flowers of the most varied colors and sizes. The climbing rose is deservedly considered the queen garden landscape, perfect for vertical gardening, has abundant flowering, is not too demanding to care for, responsive to competent and timely pruning. Florists are happy to grow the following varieties of climbing roses:
- VarietySympathie (Sympathy)
A rose with large (up to 10 cm in diameter) double purple flowers. The stems reach 5 m in length, the plant is frost-resistant.
- Indigoletta (Indigoletta)
A variety with unusually beautiful and fragrant flowers of a lilac-bluish hue. The plant tolerates frost well and is resistant to diseases.
- Climbing rosesHamburger Phoenix (Hamburger Phoenix)
Variety with crimson flowers, individual petals have white stripes. The height of the stems is 3-3.5 meters. The plant winters well in a harsh climate, is little susceptible to disease.
Miniflora, or patio roses
The varieties of this species are undersized (from 40 to 55 cm), with profusely blooming flowers of the most varied colors - from snow-white and bright yellow to pale pink and deep scarlet. Compact bushes look great in container-type plantings, which makes the patio rose relevant when decorating private garden plots and city lawns. Popular varieties of Patio roses:
- Heidi Klum cultivar (Heidi Klum)
A compact bush with large (7-9 cm in diameter), very fragrant double flowers of bright purple color. The variety is distinguished by abundant flowering.
- Honey Bunch (Honey Bunch)
A very beautiful salmon pink rose with a pleasant delicate aroma. The height of the bush varies from 45 to 60 cm. The width is 45 cm.
- Angela Rippon (Angela Rippon)
Refers to the miniature rose group and the patio group. The flowers are salmon pink with a strong aroma. The height of the bush reaches 30 cm.
Useful properties of roses
Rose is a wonderful and amazing plant that is actively used in medicinal purposes... Rose petals are a concentration of nutrients, they are collected immediately after the opening of the buds.
Fresh rose petals contain a ton of health benefits human body trace elements and minerals:
- essential oils;
- vitamins of group B, C;
- iron, calcium;
- carotene;
- flavonoids;
- quartzite;
- tannins.
Thanks to its unique chemical composition, rose petal infusion helps to cope with a number of unpleasant conditions:
- treat skin diseases;
- help relieve stress and nervous tension;
- have a mild laxative effect;
- relieve a migraine attack;
- heal wounds.
