Cannes is an amazingly graceful bright flower. Perhaps, not a single flower in my garden decorates it like canna, and I devote a lot of time to these beauties that require careful care.
In nature, these flowers can be found in warm countries... Cannes grow in Africa, India, South America. It is a perennial plant that has large roots, a thick stem, and large, wide leaves. In our climate, Cannes blooms all summer long.
However, in open ground Cannes, unfortunately, do not hibernate. No shelter will save this flower from freezing in the conditions of our harsh winters, so certain attention should be paid to their proper storage in winter and preparation for spring planting.
Despite all the difficulties, cannes are frequent inhabitants of Russian gardens, and some of the complexity of their storage is more than compensated for by the beauty, charm and sophistication of this flower.
Canna is quite whimsical and requires attention when choosing a place in the garden. She needs a bright, sunlit area without drafts, shading and nutritious soil. Planting and caring for cannes is not that easy.
However, it should be noted that the canna will also grow in shaded areas and poor soils, subject to watering, but the plant will not bloom profusely in such conditions. And the beauty of Cannes is in the large flower.
The land for planting cannes must be prepared carefully, digging deeply, removing weeds and cultivating the soil. It should be light, loose and nutritious.
This plant prefers sandy soils, which can be supplemented with peat and humus for even more looseness. This must be borne in mind when planning to plant cannes. This flower will not grow in clayey and too wet soil that does not allow water to pass through.
If you want to achieve lush and bright flowering from the canna, as well as a large flower size, make it special insulation when planting. This is done as follows:
- a sufficiently deep and wide hole is dug (its depth should have been at least 70 - 80 cm, and its width should be about half a meter);
- at least half of the pit should be filled with fresh manure with a layer of about 30 cm;
- on top of the manure it is necessary to pour loose earth, covering it by 25 - 30 cm, after which it should be properly shed with water and allowed to dry a little. And already on this mixture, plant cannes from above, sprinkling the rhizomes with loose soil.
Manure, gradually rotting, will warm the soil above it and generate heat, which cannes love very much. In such conditions, the plant will bloom until frost.
After autumn comes and you dig up the cannes, this piece of land needs to be dug up well again and watered. Next year, cannes can be planted here without much preparation.
Of course, cannes should be planted after the threat of frost has finally passed. On spring nights, while the weather has not yet settled, the temperature sometimes drops quite low, and the rhizome may die.
Kanna loves warmth and cannot stand cold and dampness. It is recommended to plant it in open ground closer to mid-May.
The canna rhizome is large enough, so it needs to be buried about 15 cm in the soil, not closer, otherwise the neck will be exposed during watering or in the rain.
How to care for cannes after planting
In general, caring for cannes, like for any plant, comes down to loosening, feeding and watering, as well as freeing the area where the canna grows from weeds.
Canna loves enough watering warm water, and quickly decays when the soil dries out. Canna has beautiful not only a large flower, but also wide large leaves.
It is through these leaves that moisture evaporates quickly, and in case of a lack of it, the plant dries quickly. Therefore, watering with warm water is one of the components of cannabis care.
Waterlogging will not lead to anything good either. Canna is very susceptible to fungal diseases, which are provoked by just excess moisture. In this case, the infection quickly affects the healthy tissue of the flower, and it does not respond well to treatment.
As soon as you see the first signs, immediately remove the infected part of the plant, otherwise it will die completely. Therefore, in regions with lingering rains in the spring, cannes do not grow very well.
Make sure that the soil in which the cannes grow does not dry out to form a crust. To avoid this, after each watering or just after rain, the soil must be loosened. The thick leaves of the canna evaporate a lot of moisture, without which the plant cannot exist.
Overflow is no less harmful - if the cannes are constantly wet, the spread of the fungus is possible.
If you see such a disease on your plant, immediately remove the infected part of the flower. In no case should water stagnate in the soil. Watering should be intensified during flowering - during this period, the flower needs more water.
Cannes love light soil, so frequent loosening of the flower is very much to its liking. In this case, it is advisable to remove weeds that interfere with the growth of the flower.
V summer period canna, even planted on a thick layer of organic matter, needs feeding, moreover, with mineral fertilizers.
Dry fertilizer can be simply scattered around the plants after the next watering, and then gently loosened the soil. It is desirable to loosen the soil in the field of each watering, this will help to avoid the appearance of a dry crust.
It is necessary to remove the fading inflorescences from the canna, this will give you the opportunity to form a new one. With this care, the canna will bloom all season almost continuously, releasing more and more new flower stalks.
When flowering is over, it is advisable to spud the canna stems, and high enough, this will protect the rhizomes and the neck of the flower from early frosts.
In early September, watering cannes should be gradually reduced and completely stopped by the time when the rhizomes need to be dug up.
As you can see, caring for cannes is not very difficult, although this flower requires some attention to itself.
What to do with Cannes in autumn
Cannes are pruned after the first frost hits. After pruning, a part of the stem about 15-20 cm long remains sticking out of the ground. By holding the plant by this short stem, it must be removed from the ground along with a lump of soil. This usually happens by early October.
You should not shake the earth from cannes, in this form it is easier to save them, since the soil retains moisture and does not allow the roots to dry. Rhizomes together with the earth should be placed in containers (boxes, buckets) and sprinkled with peat, sawdust or sand.
Cannes should be stored in a location that is humid but not damp. The temperature in this room should not rise above 8-10 degrees, and the room should be ventilated.
Periodically, the rhizomes should be inspected - if the storage conditions do not suit them, they can either dry out or rot. Rotting is especially dangerous, as it quickly spreads to neighboring tubers.
The decayed parts of the rhizome must be cut off, after which the cuts must be processed, and the rhizomes must be placed back in storage containers.
After wintering
Around March, it is time to remove the containers with rhizomes to prepare them for subsequent planting. This preparation comes down to performing a number of simple procedures available to any beginner:
- rhizomes should be divided into parts so that each part has developing buds, at least one. It is from these buds that young plants are formed;
- the place damaged due to division must be treated to avoid infection: anoint with iodine or sprinkle with coal;
- parts of the rhizome with buds must be placed in boxes in the ground or sawdust, and so that the buds are on top. Then the rhizomes are placed in some warm place, sprinkled with sand on top;
- periodically, the sand on top should be moistened by spraying from a spray bottle.
These manipulations are carried out so that the buds germinate and the seedlings are strengthened. They will germinate within about a month and a half.
After that, pieces of rhizomes with shoots sprouted from the buds can be planted directly into the open ground, in a prepared place.
Cannes growing secrets
- when in spring the cannes sprouts that you put in a warm room reach 10 cm, rhizomes with such sprouts can be planted in small pots. Such cannes, after planting in open ground, will bloom much faster;
- before planting in the ground, make a "pillow" of manure, which will warm the rhizomes from below. In this case, you can plant cannes a little earlier, for example, at the end of April;
- Cut off the first inflorescences that form on the stem after planting - usually in early July. With this pruning, good root system, which will contribute to the rapid growth of the plant and abundant flowering;
In Russia in the 21st century, many people are fond of flower cultivation. From abroad, many amazing plants... Some of them are very popular, and some have to stay in the shadows for more popular colors... Nevertheless, Cannes, which came to Russia, immediately fell in love with local gardeners. Caring for and planting a garden canna is not an easy task, which often only the most experienced professionals can tackle.
Florists describe the garden canna in different ways, but everyone agrees that it is amazing. beautiful flower... There are cannes of different colors on the market: red, yellow, white, orange - the choice is really great. With the help of canna, you can effortlessly decorate any garden flower bed or land plot spread out in front of a representative manor house. Cannes will look the same regardless of whether other flowers grow next to them. If the canna nevertheless coexists with some plant, it will certainly make an organic pair for it.
What is Cannes?
Cannes belongs to the Cannes family and is the only one on Earth. Florists have counted more than 50 types of cannes. They can grow in different climatic conditions, however, Cannes especially love the warm climate. Therefore, cannes are most often found in countries where heat reigns throughout the year - India, Indonesia, African states and Latin America... Cannes usually grow near water sources. They are dearly loved by the river banks, where the moist soil has long been softened by the abundance of running water.
Canna is a very tall flower. Its size can vary from 80 centimeters to 2 meters. Sometimes there are flowers that have reached 3 meters in height. The leaves are oblong and large - their length almost reaches a meter, and their width usually reaches 25 centimeters. Depending on the type of canna, its leaves can have a different color. Most often, bright green or red-bronze leaves are found in nature.
Canna is beautiful in all seasons, but it reaches its peak during flowering. Initially, there were only red cannes flowers in nature, but breeders spent a lot of effort and were able to breed species with yellow, white and even two-tone colors.
Cannes bloom begins in July and ends with the arrival of autumn. When flowering comes to an end, the plant forms a fruit - a small box filled with black seeds. The fruit ripens within a month.
Varieties and varieties of cannes
And today florists are amazed at the variety that the garden canna has. Each of its varieties is not like all the others. The main differences lie in the shape and color of the leaves. It all started with Cannes Indian and the breeder Crozi working on it. It took Crosey almost a decade to work, but he made his dream come true and brought out more than 50 varieties of cannes. Florists took about the same long time period in order to systematize all the resulting species.
Today, there are 3 main groups of garden cannes:
- First, it is leafy canna... It is also known as small-flowered. Deciduous canna is easily recognizable by its size. This is the tallest canna, growing up 3 meters. At the same time, as it becomes clear from its second name, the flowers of such a canna are small, they rarely exceed 6 centimeters in diameter. The leaves have a pronounced purple hue.
- The second type is canna crosey, named after the breeder who worked on the flower. Such cannes rarely exceed 1.5 meters in height. And usually their growth completely freezes at around 1 meter. This is offset by the size of the flowers. In Cannes Crozi, they often exceed 10 centimeters. Like the deciduous canna, the leaves of the Crozi canna have a purple hue with some bluish impurities.
- Finally, the third kind is orchid cannes... They really look like orchids widespread in Russia. The height of such cannes can reach 2 meters, the leaves are bright green in color, the flowers are large, like an orchid.
Also, researchers have identified popular cannes varieties, which are especially loved by florists. However, regardless of the variety, planting a garden canna is not an easy task that requires extreme concentration. Perhaps the most popular variety is Andenken an Pfitzer... It belongs to orchid-like cannes, purple specks stand out on the petals. The leaves are not pure green in color, but differ in a specific brown tint.
The second most popular variety - R. Wallase... Such cannes fell in love with florists for their pale yellow flowers. They are also susceptible to mottling, but their mottles are distinguished by a red color. Interesting feature this variety is that R. Wallase. does not bear fruit after flowering.
The third variety is widely demanded in the southern regions of Russia. This is Durban. Its main advantage is considered to be striped leaves. The color of the leaves can be completely different - from pink to green.
Livadia fell in love with florists because of the red and crimson flowers. The Amerika variety includes cannes with the largest flowers. Their size sometimes exceeds 12 centimeters. Finally, the Louis Kayeux variety is beloved by florists. He does not have any bright distinctive features, but true flower lovers can find it very difficult to take their eyes off its pale pink inflorescences.
How to choose a place to plant cannes in spring
It is spring that florists consider the most the right time for planting garden cannes. However, the question arises with the choice suitable place for her. Some gardeners are diligently studying how to competently implement the care and planting of cannes in open ground. Others believe that it is much more logical to grow canna in large flowerpots or specially designated pots.
When choosing a place to plant a garden canna, you should remember that it is a native of countries with hot climates. The place that you set aside for her, no doubt, should be well warmed up by the sun. If you forget about this and plant the canna on a darkened plot of land, this will lead to the death of the plant. When planting, it is important to take into account one more nuance. Kanna has a very negative attitude towards the wind, so the place you choose should be reliably protected from any drafts.
Canna will feel very comfortable against the wall of the house. The building will definitely protect it from the wind, but only in this case, you can hardly boast of the beauty of a flower in front of your friends. Still, the flowers of cannes, planting and caring for which took so much energy from you - ornamental plant, their main task is to decorate the land plot, and gardeners usually strive to plant the canna in the most conspicuous place.
How to propagate cannu for planting in spring
Experienced florists distinguish two methods of canna breeding. The first of them is called vegetative and is carried out by dividing the rhizome. This method almost guaranteed to give you a blooming canna next summer.
At the end of September, the plant must be dug up, keeping a sufficient amount of land around it. The most important thing is not to damage the rhizome, otherwise all efforts will be in vain.
Throughout the winter, the rhizome is stored in a cool place devoid of light.
Planting garden cannes in autumn or winter is not possible.
When spring comes, the rhizome needs to be divided into several parts. Moreover, each of the parts must have at least one developed bud capable of ensuring the growth of a young plant. The cut site must be treated with activated charcoal to prevent infection.
The processed parts of the rhizome are placed in a container filled with sawdust or a special soil mixture and left in a warm place until the seedlings germinate.
At this stage of work, it is very important to avoid excessive drying out of the soil mixture: it is recommended to periodically water the cuttings with running water.
You will know that you have succeeded when the first green shoots appear in your container. They can be transplanted into full-fledged flower pots and transfer to a room where the temperature does not exceed 16 degrees.
Florists call the second method of breeding canna seed. It is less popular than the vegetative method, because it is very problematic to comply with all the conditions necessary for it. The most important requirement that gardeners who choose the seed method should know is preliminary preparation seeds.
First, you need to process the seeds with hot and cold water... It is in this sequence. Then the seeds are sent to a filled hot thermos, where they swell to the desired state. When the seeds are swollen enough, you need to deliberately damage their shell. For this, it is recommended to use regular sand or a thin razor blade.
Seeds with a damaged shell are planted in the ground. Leaving and planting cannes in open ground requires a temperature of about 25 degrees. It is best to start such a garden cannabis planting in May.
Planting garden cannes in spring
Care and planting of a garden canna is usually carried out towards the end of spring. The ideal time for this procedure is considered to be the second half of May.
Cannes flowers, planting and caring for which require a lot of effort, are best planted in open ground. At the same time, florists have long formulated whole line conditions to this soil. It should be distinguished by such features as fertility, sufficient looseness and deep processing. Ideally, it will consist of sand, peat, and the common leafy earth found in every garden.
Manure is an essential component for soil fertilization In the spring, before the care and planting of the garden canna begins, the flower should be treated with manure, which will warm it even in the colder months. Horse manure is best suited for this purpose. You do not need to use it in large quantities, a thin layer of 15-20 centimeters is enough. From above, the manure is covered with soil, which helps to protect the garden from bad smell... The manure will not only provide the cannu with warmth, but also accelerate the flowering process.
Leaving and planting cannes in open ground is not a task for beginners. Only professionals know that for the perfect germination of a flower, it is necessary to make special holes in the soil no deeper than 20 centimeters. You should not make these holes next to each other, it is best that they are at least half a meter away.
The planted canna should be watered as often as possible. Each bush requires up to 10 liters of water every day. Canna is also very demanding on the temperature of the liquid with which it is watered. Cold water can lead to the death of the flower. Before watering, you need to heat it up to 25 degrees.
Cannes flowers: planting and care in the spring
Florists do not for nothing call cannes one of the most demanding flowers. Caring for them requires gardeners a large number effort.
Weeds often form around the roots of the cannes. If you do not keep track of this process and do not remove all the weeds in a timely manner, the garden canna may die before it will bloom. It is equally important to regularly process the soil around the cannes, to separate the faded inflorescences from all the others, to process the soil with the necessary minerals and useful additives.
Cannes live not only in hot, but also in very humid countries, so constant watering is the most important condition for their growth and development. When the canna blooms, it begins to require even more water - the volume should be increased from 25 to 30-35 liters. And only in the fall, when the canna blossom time has passed, watering will lose its paramount importance, and the daily volume of water can be reduced to 15 liters.
Instead of difficulties with watering in the fall, the owners of cannes have a new problem: after planting the garden canna and its flowering, the root collar of the plant is in the risk zone. To provide her with sufficient protection, it is required to regularly spud the cannes, and do this high enough.
In October, when the first severe cold weather comes in Russia, the canna rhizomes are dug up. If left in the ground, the plant will die during the winter. Until the end of winter, the transplanted rhizome is stored in a warm, protected place.
As mentioned above, canna bloom takes a significant part of the year - it lasts from July to October. During the flowering period, the plant requires especially reverent care in relation to itself. The most important thing for her is care, but planting cannes in open ground is far from the most difficult stage in life cycle of this plant.
To prolong the flowering of the canna, ripe flowers need to be cut regularly. If the seeds are tied, the flowering period will be significantly reduced, because the ovary will not allow new buds to form. Long time experts argued about the best way to cut canna. As a result, they came to the conclusion that it is most competent to do this with a pruner or an ordinary, but well-sharpened kitchen knife. Cut cannes are distinguished by their durability. At proper care they will be able to stand in the water for more than a week.
Of course, garden cannes, like any plant, need feeding. In addition to horse manure, which was mentioned above, the soil should be plentifully treated with chicken droppings. One bush requires at least half a liter of litter diluted with water. Mineral fertilizers are an obligatory addition, and when the first buds are formed on the plant, it is worth feeding your canna with charcoal. Preliminarily, the coal should be crushed to a state of fine crumbs.
Florists advise beginners not to skimp on minerals. Cannes are best suited for substances containing both nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. It is recommended to apply minerals by the root method: fertilizers are simply scattered around the cannes bushes, and the soil is loosened. You can rest assured that this method is really effective, and all mineral supplements reach their final goal.
Leaving and planting cannes in open ground
In order for the diligent care and planting of the garden canna to give the expected result, it is quite possible to use open ground. In this case, it is necessary to start preparing the flower for new conditions of detention in April. The easiest way to do this is to take it out regularly. Fresh air on a sunny day.
The planting of the garden canna begins when the frost finally comes to an end. The area in the garden that is most heated by the sun is chosen for the flower. Moreover, it must be protected from drafts and other negative natural influences.
The main advantage of open ground is considered to be the fact that it accelerates the flowering process of the canna. If in other conditions, the time between planting a garden canna and the beginning of its flowering is three months, then in the case of open ground, two months will be enough. And with a successful coincidence of circumstances, the flower may be enough for 50 days. Also, the flowering of canna, planted in the open field, lasts longer and may not end in early October, but will last for several more weeks.
How to preserve rhizomes in winter
After the rhizome is dug out of the ground in October, it must be moved to a place that is reliably protected from snow. At the same time, it should not be too warm, on the contrary, many experts are convinced that cool places are better for storing rhizomes. The main thing is that throughout the winter in the chosen room a constant temperature regime... Its fluctuations in any direction can harm the rhizome.
Do not think that you can forget about the rhizome for the winter. Leaving and planting a garden canna is a tedious process that does not give pauses to those who dare to take it. The rhizomes should be inspected regularly. If rot is found on them, the damaged area is completely cut off, and the place of its contact with the rest of the plant is generously lubricated with iodine.
If you don't have a suitable space, you can store the rhizome in your regular kitchen refrigerator. To ensure that it does not affect the rest of the products, each tuber is tightly wrapped with paper.
Even better than a refrigerator, it is suitable for storing rhizomes glazed balcony... You just need to make sure that the temperature regime on it does not exceed 15 degrees. The soil placed on the balcony should be watered more often than the soil left in more suitable conditions.
Diseases and pests of cannes
Diseases affect the entire structure of the plant: "rust" is especially dangerous Planting a garden canna entails many external threats. Most often, cannes suffer from bacteria and fungi. Any part of the plant can be affected by bacteria - from its leaves to its buds. If the florist fails to identify the onset of bacteriosis in time, the plant may die, since the infection is rapidly spreading through its life support system.
Rust is an equally dangerous threat. True, it is quite easy to notice it. Already at the first stage of the disease, characteristic rusty marks appear on the canna leaves. To cope with the disease, each damaged leaf should be treated with a solution of potassium permanganate.
“In all of you, darling, you are good at dresses” - these words can rightly be attributed to a beautiful flowering plant - cannes. Its decorativeness lies not only in beautiful flowers but also in luxurious leaves.
Canna is a thermophilic creature that needs conditions similar to those in which it grows in nature for a full life. But this does not mean that caring for her is difficult. Knowing the intricacies of growing cannes, you can get a wonderful decoration. personal plot for the entire summer and autumn period.
Cannes comes from countries with a tropical climate - Central and Latin America, Indonesia, Hawaii. In Europe, it began to be cultivated in the 17th century.
Description of colors
Canna is the only member of the canna family and has more than 50 species. It is a tall - from 0.5 to 2.5 m - plant with a straight, non-branching stem. It is densely covered with leaves - large, oblong in shape with a pointed tip. They themselves are her adornment. Their color can vary depending on the variety - from dark green to purple, purple and bronze-red. For the size and number of leaves on the stem, it is sometimes called a miniature palm tree. Indeed, the size is quite impressive - from 25 to 80 cm in length and from 10 to 30 cm in width.
The canna flower stalk is very strong, therefore, even with high growth, they do not require support. The flowers are large (10-25 cm), asymmetric, the original color is red. But the bred varieties and hybrids today are full of all shades of yellow, orange, crimson colors. The least common canna is with white flowers.
Canna is a rhizome plant. Despite the fact that she is a perennial plant, in our conditions she does not hibernate on the street. The main condition for its flowering next year is the correct storage of the rhizome in winter period.
Where the canna grows in natural conditions, it is used not only as an ornamental plant. Its rhizome serves as a source of starch, and the upper green part is an excellent vitamin supplement for livestock.
The most popular types and varieties of cannes and their photos
Breeders could not pass by such a fertile material and, thanks to their efforts, today we have many canna hybrids. They differ in the color of the flower. Cannes with spotted, speckled and even striped flowers are not uncommon now.
Cannes are divided into species, which, in turn, have their own varieties:
- canna indian - raw material for long-term selection, which resulted in a species called garden canna;
- canna crozi is a type of low-growing cannes, resembling gladioli in appearance;
- orchid cannes - reminiscent of cattleya. They have large flowers, sometimes with a corrugated edge and a high stem (1-2 m);
- deciduous or small-flowered cannes. They are very tall - up to 3 m, their main decoration is leaves. The flowers, on the other hand, are small. But they are rarely bred.
Cannes varieties
Photo. Canna durban
Andenken an Pfitzer. Canna height 110-140 cm, flowers are bright orange with red strokes. The leaves are dark purple. Blooms in July.
Durban. Refers to the small-colored canna species. Its flowers are yellow-orange. Its main decoration is leaves. They are striped with several shades - pink, bronze and yellow-green.
Livadia. Red-crimson flowers are in harmony with purple leaves, plant height up to 1 m, grows in July.
Richard Wallace. A flower up to 1 m high with light yellow flowers dotted with red. Leaves are green. The beginning of flowering is July.
America. It can grow up to almost one and a half meters, cinnabar-colored flowers up to 12 cm in diameter. The leaves are purple. The beginning of flowering is July.
Superstition. Canna with lemon-colored flowers in inflorescences 12 x 15 cm, green leaves, grows up to 1 m.
Cannes planting site in the open field
Growing conditions for cannes should be similar to their native conditions. Of course the tropics in middle lane it is impossible to create in the open air, but it is quite possible to comply with some conditions.
The choice of a place must be approached from the point of view of its illumination, the presence of a spacious free site and the absence of drafts.
Kanna not only loves light, she needs direct sunlight. Therefore, the place should be such where no shadows from buildings and trees will fall.
Since the canna is an ornamental plant, it must be planted where it will be clearly visible. Most often it is used in flower arrangements. As neighbors for her, you need to select those flowers that are not afraid of shadows - after all, the canna is a tall and bushy plant and can deprive its neighbors of light.
By autumn, the canna grows strongly, and especially its rhizome, which does not grow in depth, but in breadth. Therefore, when determining a place for a flower, you need to ensure a good approach to it, so that you can dig it out in the fall without hindrance and without prejudice to neighboring flowers.
The place must be protected from strong winds but a light cannet breeze won't hurt.
Canna flowers are propagated both by seeds and by dividing the rootstock
Cannes are propagated in two ways - by seeds and by dividing the rhizome. The first method does not guarantee the preservation of varietal qualities; it is rarely used, mainly by those who are interested in breeding.
Reproduction by dividing the rhizome is a common method used by all growers. It allows you to preserve the properties of the mother plant and is quite simple.
Seed propagation
Canna seeds are hard bolls with three nests. Before planting them, hard shell seeds need to be softened. This can be done in two ways:
- Scald the seeds with boiling water and hold them in warm water 3-4 hours. Or put on a battery for 12 hours.
- Hold the seeds for 1-2 hours in the freezer.
Cannes seeds are sown in February in light soil. The container with seedlings is placed in a shaded place with an air temperature of 22-23 ° C. The seeds will sprout in 25-30 days. When 3-4 leaves appear, the sprouts must be planted in separate pots and kept at a lower temperature - 16 ° C. Some may bloom this year, others will bloom only next year.
Rhizome division
In early March, cannes can be propagated by dividing the rhizome
If you want to be guaranteed to get a new one this summer flowering plant, then propagate the canna by dividing the rhizome. This should be done at the beginning of March. The tuber overwintered in storage should be examined for diseases. If he is healthy, he must be cut so that one large or several small, albeit weak, kidneys remain on each division. Sprinkle the cuts with crushed charcoal and dry.
Pour wet sand into the container and lay the divided pieces horizontally on top of them, kidney-side up. Sprinkle with sand on top and germinate at a temperature not exceeding 24 ° C. From time to time, planting should be sprayed with warm water (room temperature). Bottom heating of the container will improve germination. When leaves appear and the sprouts become cramped in one container, they must be planted. Small pots are good for this. They should be placed in a bright, cool room (about 16 ° C). There they will grow up and gain strength before landing on a flower bed. In order to prevent diseases, it is recommended to water them once every 10 days with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Outdoor planting
The time for planting is determined by the cessation of return frosts - this is approximately mid-May. But the soil for them should be prepared a little earlier. It needs to be dug up and sprinkled with fertilizers - humus, phosphorus and nitrogen.
The holes for the plant are made deep - up to half a meter. Cannes - large plants, therefore, the distance between the holes must be at least 60 cm. These flowers, like cucumbers, love to keep their roots warm. Therefore, each hole is insulated with a 1 cm layer of manure. From above, it is covered with a layer of earth of at least 25 cm, and only then the seedlings are planted. Before planting, the hole is well spilled with water. The rhizome should be at least 7 cm deep.
Before planting, the canna needs to be grown up. If this is not done, then in our temperate latitudes it simply will not have time to bloom. For this, the rhizome is prepared in the same way as for reproduction.
If you grow cannes outdoors, be sure to weed and loosen the soil around them.
The main condition for the lush and long flowering of cannes is considered correct watering... Immediately after planting, the plant is watered very abundantly - 1 bucket per sprout. Then it is necessary to ensure that the ground under it is constantly wet. To reduce evaporation of liquid, you can mulch the soil around the canna. But you do not need to arrange swamps, otherwise the roots of the flower will rot and it will die.
Weeding and loosening when growing canna in the open field - mandatory procedures... Roots need oxygen and nutrition as well as high humidity.
Top dressing is enough to do 2-3 times a season, provided that the soil has been rooted before planting. In general, the canna prefers more phosphorus fertilizers and less nitrogen fertilizers. Can be carried out foliar feeding, spraying the leaves with a solution of mineral fertilizers, you can use liquid fertilizers - watering the plant at the root. Infusion of chicken droppings works well.
Growing methods
As already mentioned, cannes are perennials and there are three ways to grow and save them.
- Dig out the rhizome in the fall and send it for storage for the winter in complete rest the usual way... From the middle of February, you can start the growing process. For this, the rhizomes are removed from storage, divided into parts with buds, but not cut. They need to be divided into freely detachable parts, planted in a substrate of humus, garden soil and sand. Sprinkle a little on top and pour with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or copper sulfate... The buds wake up in about a week and in the third decade of May they can be planted in a flower bed.
- Dig up the canna in the fall after frost, cut off the stem and transplant it into a pot right with an earthen clod. From the dacha, you can take her to the apartment and ensure her complete peace by placing the pot in a cool place. In order not to wake up the plant ahead of time, you need to water the canna no more than 1-2 times a month. The flower will give the first leaves in about three months, then it needs to be rearranged closer to the light. The plant begins to grow rapidly and by the time it is planted in the ground, it already has a decent size. Before disembarking, it is better to temper the canna for 10 days. Disembarkation is the same after May 20.
- Digging cannu in the fall, cut off only the peduncle, but leave the leaves. With a lump of earth, transplant it into a pot and put it in a bright place in the apartment. That is, do not artificially create a rest period for the plant. Watering during the winter should be moderate. Since March, cannu can be fed with infusion wood ash and humus. The plant begins to form a peduncle. By the time of disembarkation, buds will already be formed on it.
In the Russian Federation, Cannes begin to bloom from June, July until frost
In nature, cannes do not have a dormant period, they bloom all year round. In our temperate latitudes, this time lasts from June-July until the onset of frost, on average from 3 to 4 months. The duration of flowering depends on the variety of cannes and their care. Flowering can be reduced due to the fact that the flower lacks moisture and light.
When the first peduncle appears, it must be cut off, then the flowering will be more lush and long-lasting. As the flowers wither, they must be removed so that new buds grow in its place, and so that the seeds do not begin to ripen.
Winter storage
Cannes tubers are dug out at the end of September, when flowering has ended and the stem has begun to turn black. The stem is cut off, and the rhizomes, together with a lump of earth, are sent to winter storage... The storage area should be cool with dim light and moderate humidity. They are placed in boxes or boxes, sprinkled with sand or peat. You can use soil mixed with deciduous tree sawdust.
The desired storage temperature is 6-8 ° C. Undesirable sharp drop temperatures. From time to time, the tubers need to be examined for rotting. If a patient comes across, he must be thrown away. If he is only slightly affected by rot, you need to cut off this area and process the cut with iodine.
If there is no such room - a cellar or a barn -, you can keep the tubers in the refrigerator until spring. Some growers store tubers in the ground (in pots) as described in the planting methods section.
In the southern regions, where there is no severe frost, cannes tubers can be left in the ground, covering them with leaves, sawdust or spruce branches.
Diseases, pests and control methods
Gardeners appreciate cannes for their good disease resistance. But garden pests sometimes a tropical beauty is struck. Most often it is aphid, cabbage whitelet or red mite. There is only one way of dealing with them - insecticides. Moreover, they need to be applied already at the first signs of defeat. You can take preventive measures - before planting, dip the tubers in Aktara's solution. Then pests will not attack your pet.
Cannes in landscape design
They are so beautiful that they may well be a single decoration of certain corners of the garden. Cannes do not lose in combination with other colors. Dahlias, crimson asters, rudbeckia and geleniums are good surroundings for tall flowers. You can experiment with creating flower arrangements, because cannes grow beautifully in the neighborhood of any of them.
The eland flower is one of the most colorful perennials in the Cannaceae family. A tropical crop of American origin has large, attractive foliage and magnificent inflorescences... Canna even without buds can become the main decoration of the site thanks to the decorative leaves of purple, bronze and purple color. The plant is widely used in the agricultural industry. Canna flowers are the richest source of starch. The name of the flower, translated from Latin, means "reed" or "reed". There are about fifty plant species in the world. Natural environment for exotic culture- regions with a temperate climate. Provided sunlight is provided within 6-8 hours a day, the flower can easily grow in the garden or indoors in most countries of the world.
Tall cannes in the open field.
Lighting and air temperature
A temperature regime from +22 to +24 degrees is suitable for culture. It is advisable to avoid placing near canna ventilation grilles or air conditioners. Devices can drain the soil or cool the flower. On the street, you need to provide a quiet place without drafts and wind.
Providing adequate lighting is the most a big problem in growing a flower. Indoors, you can place the flowerpot in the sunny part of the building or use fluorescent lights.
If the shade of the foliage has acquired a faded appearance, the plant requires more hours of daily lighting.
To maintain a bright color, the plant needs intense lighting.
In the summer, it is necessary to take out cannes planted in containers to the open air. On the landing site, you need to choose a place in direct sunlight.
How to keep a flower in winter
In the fall, you can transplant a flower from open ground into a container. Before the onset of the first frost, you will also need to bring the plant planted into the container into the building. V winter time the storage temperature should be between 7.2 and 15.5 degrees.
As a rule, the plant does not have a pronounced dormant period. On the windowsill, the green-leaved canna can decorate the room with bright leaves all year round.
But if the plant is not provided with rest, the culture may never form inflorescences. To prevent the loss of decorativeness, it is necessary to transfer the canna to a cool room for 2 months and reduce the amount of watering.
You can also dig up the rhizomes and store them in plastic box with peat or perlite.
For the winter period, the canna rhizome can be dug up and stored in a cool place.
Some experts believe cannes should be allowed to dry for several days before being stored. The container must be filled with sphagnum, peat or perlite. The rhizomes should not be in contact with each other.
Planting material should be checked twice a month. If the moss is dry, you will need to moisten the filler. Infected or rotten rhizomes must be discarded.
Watering cannes
The flower needs regular moisture in the soil. If the plant is planted outdoors, the rule should be followed. When the amount of precipitation drops to 2.54 cm per week, it is necessary to water the culture. In the dry season, you need to water the soil after the top layer of the earth has dried.
Plant transplant
Subject to the conditions of sufficient watering, cannes can be replanted at any time of the year.
For a transplant you will need:
- Water the soil for easy extraction of the plant.
- Gently get the canna out.
- Prepare an outdoor drop-off site or suitable container.
- Loosen the soil thoroughly.
- Mix the excavated soil with compost.
- Dig holes for the rhizome.
- Place the planting material so that the growth point is directed face side up.
- The distance between flowers should be at least 60 cm.For dwarf representatives of the canna - 30 cm.
- Cover the rhizomes with soil on top.
- Smooth the surface slightly and water abundantly.
- Then you need to add thin layer mulch. A shelter will help retain moisture and protect against weeds.
- Plants planted outdoors in right time year - the second half of May, will germinate in 2 weeks. If the temperature is below +15 degrees, seedlings may appear several weeks later.
Pruning process
After wilting, it is necessary to collect and discard the dried inflorescences. The culture should be carefully inspected for dead leaves. It is not recommended to allow contamination by fallen shoots of the soil near the base of the canna.
It may seem that the yellowed leaf will not survive. Unlike other crops, take your time and cut the foliage. She will continue to provide the plant with nutrients.
In the fall, before the moment of a strong cold snap, the plant should be cleaned. To do this, you will need to cut the stems more than 10 cm above the ground. It is advisable to use cleaned garden shears.
You can prolong flowering by removing the seed pod. The plant will not expend energy to produce seeds. All forces will be spent on the formation of new inflorescences.
Dried flowers should be removed constantly. To do this, you will need to cut off the stem of the flower just above the second flowering node.
Canna outdoors
For planting cannes, you should choose sunny weather... Planting in spring is preferable after the threat of frost has receded, when the soil becomes soft and warm from sunlight.
In cold climates, you can plant a flower in a garden planter and place it in a lighted area of the site.
Cannes can be grown in garden pots for interior decoration.
Cannes are able to survive in almost any soil. You should choose a place with loose and well-drained soil. You can check the land by watering. If the soil absorbs water well and dries quickly, the land for cultivation is ideal.
The plant prefers moist soil. Excessive dampness can lead to rotting and fungal infections. Create favorable conditions you can use organic material- compost, peat and ground bark.
Cannes feels great in the aquatic environment.
When choosing a location, you should avoid windy areas with constant drafts. A tall green-leaved canna will bend from a strong wind and lose part of the stems.
How to create with canna hedge you can find out from the video:
Growing scheme
Soil selection
Humus should be added to the cannes soil. The soil must contain a high percentage of nutrients. Cannes planting is carried out only after careful processing and loosening of the earth.
Preparing the composition is quite simple:
- You need to mix humus with coarse sand and peat.
- Apply greenhouse soil.
- Loosen the ground.
- If there are leaves when planting on the cannes, you must first fill the holes with water.
- Too dry soil should be moistened twice - before and after transplanting.
How to fertilize cannes
To stimulate the new flowering of cannes from late spring to autumn, regular feeding should be carried out at all stages of cultivation.
For this you will need:
Ideal container parameters
Features of the choice of capacity for culture:
Classic flower problems and treatments
It is common for culture to be exposed to different types diseases and pests.
Viral diseases
The flower sometimes suffers from viral diseases, including yellow spot, canna mosaic virus, and canna spot virus. All three viruses cause yellow streaks or spots that develop between the veins of the leaves. Subsequent symptoms include faded foliage, tissue necrosis, and stunted plant development. Affected plants usually bloom much later.
Canna mosaic virus is carried by aphids and can kill the canna. There is no cure for the disease. Infected crops should be destroyed to avoid the spread of viral diseases.
How to get rid of the fungus
The culture is rarely affected by severe fungal diseases. The leaves of the plant have a waxy, water-repellent coating that prevents fungi from taking root and germinating. Despite this, cannes are sometimes affected by rust (Puccinia thaliae) and gray mold (Botrytis Blight).
Rust is characterized by the appearance of orange spots on leaves, flowers and stems. This disease is triggered by high levels of moisture and excessively wet soil.
Gray rot attacks the plant in the spring after prolonged rainfall. Early signs of a fungal infection include brown spots that appear on leaves, flowers, buds and stems. Parts of the plant may become deformed. Gray mold often appears on plant tissue after several days of cool, damp weather.
The defeat of the canna with a fungal disease.
Phytoplasmic disease
The disease is caused by a microscopic organism, which belongs to phytoplasmic. It is carried by insects - leafhoppers. This disease leads to yellowing of leaf tissue. In addition, parts of the plant can shrivel and curl up. Instead of flowers, groups of deformed leaves will appear from the buds. The disease is incurable, therefore it is necessary to destroy the canna before other plants are affected.
Prophylaxis
Fungal pathogens usually attack dead plant tissue - withered buds or dried leaves that remain on the stem. To prevent the spread of the disease, the infected foliage should be destroyed when the first signs appear. It is imperative to remove weeds around the canna.
Fungal pathogens prefer warm places with poor ventilation. Therefore, Gangnam needs to create conditions for sufficient air circulation. To do this, you should avoid dense placement next to the flower of other green spaces.
Chemical control
Chlorothalonil fungicide can effectively treat fungal diseases... In accordance with the directions and safety precautions on the product label, you must mix about 1/4 teaspoon of the drug in 1 liter of water. Spray foliage carefully. Reapply after 10 days for best results.
Pest damage and methods of getting rid of insects
Leaf rollers
Leaf rollers in the form of larvae, caterpillars or butterflies can cause significant damage to crops. The pests eat the leaves. As a result, holes are formed in the canne.
The adult butterfly is brown in color with five distinct spots on the front wings and three dark rings on the hind wings. Newborn larvae of a yellowish leafworm with a large, glossy, black head.
You can use special pest traps or remove all parts of the flower with insects yourself. A sufficiently large number of pests can lead to foliage death.
Destruction of canna leaves by pests.
Spider mite
Thrips
Thrips are tiny, dark, thin insects that feed on plant sap. The development of insects includes several stages. At the stage of maturation, pests are difficult to notice. Therefore, their presence is usually not known until the moment of severe damage.
Control
To treat the culture, the infected leaves should be removed. It is necessary to periodically cut off the oldest shoots and foliage located at the bottom. As a rule, pests feed on this particular zone of the flower.
Thrips are difficult to control with pesticides. A complex treatment should be applied - horticultural oils, insecticidal soaps or solutions based on insecticides. A pyrethroid insecticide or insecticidal soap is used to kill leaf rollers.
Leaf infestation can be prevented. For this, over-watering and the use of large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers must be avoided.
Plant safety
Reproduction of cannes
You can grow a flower by dividing the rhizome or seeds.
Plant from seed
Spreading by seeds is quite effective. Many varieties produce viable planting material. Most crops are bred hybrids. That's why harvested seeds from one representative of the genus does not guarantee the preservation of the varietal characteristics and advantages of the mother canna.
The breeding procedure includes several stages:
Separation of the rhizome
Cannes can be grown by splitting the root system. For this you will need:
- Dig out the rhizome and gently shake the remaining soil. The procedure should be done no more than once every three years.
- Black growth points must be found on the roots. These are the future flowering stems.
- A clean pruning shear must be used to separate.
- On each cut, 3-5 points should be left to guarantee flowering.
- During transplanting, the depth parameter must be observed - about 10 cm.The distance between the rhizomes must be at least 90 cm.
Stimulating flowering
The absence of inflorescences indicates improper care. The crop prefers lighted areas and stable soil moisture.
Often too overgrown rhizome leads to the absence of new buds. The canna should be divided into several parts.
Proper care of the canna is the key to long-lasting and abundant flowering.
Representatives of the Cannes family may need a soil change. The soil used does not always contain necessary complex nutrients... In addition, crops that are too deeply planted often lose their decorative effect.
How to choose a culture
The flower can be ordered by mail, bought at a garden dealership, at exhibitions or forums.
Attention should be paid to compliance with the storage conditions for planting material. The further growth and development of the flower depends on this.
Canna seeds "Lucifer" can be purchased on average for 5.29 rubles. Two rhizomes, packed in a special package, are sold at a price of 240 rubles. It is advisable to buy the material just before planting - in the spring. Blooming cannu "Indian" in a container can be bought for 450 rubles.
Cannes fits into a wide variety of flower beds and mixborders, but it's also a potted culture. It can be grown in containers outdoors, even in places where it is impossible to arrange a flower bed, lowered into a pool or pond, or simply left at home. And in each case, you can pick up several of the most different varieties, decorating the site and the interior with a whole range of colors. How to plant a canna in a pot and, most importantly, how to grow it so that it feels great in it?
How to plant cannes in a pot
There are two ways to plant cannes. In the first case, it is planted by dividing the rhizomes, and in the second, by seeds. Let's take a closer look at both methods.
Planting roots
The rhizomes that you bought recently should first be “awakened”. This is done necessarily in a warm room, or even better in a greenhouse. Each of the roots is placed in a container on the soil nearby, and then sprinkled with soil on top. It should be loose, therefore, it is not worthwhile to specifically compact it. If you are sprouting at home, then you can not only install them on the windowsill, but also cover them plastic wrap to create a greenhouse-like environment. In this case, do not allow the earth to dry out.
It is more convenient to moisten the soil from a spray bottle, and the water should be warm. As soon as the cannes leaves not only develop, but already interfere with each other, you can begin to transplant them into a pot.
The land for growing cannes, as mentioned above, should be light. You can use both purchased soil, which is already completely ready for use and does not need additional manipulations, or prepare the soil mixture yourself. To do this, you can take fertile soil, humus, compost, as well as soil fertilized with leaves. A small amount of peat also does not hurt. It should be noted here that if you are preparing large, spacious pots for planting cannes in them, then immediately prepare a large river sand- it will act as a drainage layer that will protect the roots from decay.
Some gardeners go to the trick and put a not too thick layer of horse manure at the very bottom of a deep pot. This technique is especially useful for those who cannot place containers with flowers exclusively on the sunny side. Manure will act as a kind of heating for the rhizomes.
How to plant a canna in a pot? After the soil is filled into the pot and, if necessary, a drainage layer of sand is made, a depression is made in it. It will be enough 6-7 cm. It is in it that the spine is placed, and then it is poured with soil. It can be slightly compacted, and then pour over the settled water.
Cannes that grew in an open flower bed until autumn are also transplanted into pots. In this case, the planting is carried out in a similar way, but some summer residents prefer to cut off the green part that has grown over the summer in order to give them a couple of months to rest. Here, you may also need not only division, but also processing of the roots. We wrote about how to divide them correctly here. Before transferring them to the ground, you need to cut off the damaged parts and rinse them in potassium permanganate.
Planting by seeds
We figured out how to properly plant cannes in a pot, but what to do if you have not rhizomes at all, but only the seeds of these flowers? In fact, these plants reproduce perfectly in both ways, only in the latter case the parental characteristics of the uterine canna are not preserved. In other words, a flower grown from seed may have a different shade of leaves or bud color, but for amateur breeders, such a difference will clearly only be a plus.
We have devoted a separate article to how to grow a canna from seeds. They will need primary processing aimed at breaking down hard shells to facilitate the emergence of a sprout. In general, all the measures described in that article are necessarily important in this case as well.
Care
So, we learned how to plant cannes in a pot, but what about leaving? In fact, it will be almost the same as for flowers growing in the open field: regular watering, minimal loosening, a sunny location, top dressing and frequent removal of fading buds.
Potted cannes, which are constantly at home and grow almost all year round, also need a period of rest. So, if the leaves begin to shrink, have acquired a yellowish tint, wither, and the flower arrow no longer appears, then it is better to cut the canna stems and store it for a couple of months at a temperature of no more than +10 degrees. After this time, it can be transferred back to heat and grown.
As you can see, cannes thrive in a pot. Try to choose the right variety if you are going to grow it at home - it is better that the flower is not vigorous. Such a plant will decorate your yard and interior, the main thing is to take time to care for it.