When planning a heating system for our house, we are faced with the question of how to calculate the heating correctly. And the calculation in this case has two aspects: on the one hand, it is necessary to find out which devices should be installed to maintain a comfortable microclimate in the room, and on the other, to calculate the amount that will need to be spent on paying for services.
Heating of a private house
Boiler type and power
If we are planning the construction or reconstruction of a private house, then one of the most important design points is the choice of a boiler that is optimal in terms of power. If you install an insufficiently productive boiler, then in the cold season it will work in a forced mode, which will lead to its rapid wear. On the other hand, I don't want to pay for the power we don't need either!
Note! The use of a boiler with an excess of power leads to an increase in energy consumption by 20-30%
The first thing to decide - this is the type of the boiler itself:
- Solid fuel- relatively inexpensive and economical, but have some inconveniences in operation. Such inconveniences include, for example, the need for periodic fuel filling (in severe frost- up to 3-4 times a day).
- Liquid fuel- have quite acceptable performance characteristics, but a large number of toxic combustion products makes their use not environmentally friendly enough.
- Electrical- are quite effective and easy to use. The main disadvantage such boilers - the high cost of electricity.
- Gas- the preferred option for most parameters, including ease of use and economical use of energy resources. The key disadvantage is high price the equipment itself and dependence on the availability of a gas pipeline.
Regardless of the type of installation used to heat the house, it is necessary to select its optimal performance.
There is a fairly simple formula for calculating it:
Wcat = Wud * S / 10
In this case:
- Wcat is the minimum allowable boiler power.
- Wud is an indicator of specific power per 10 square meters.
- S is the area of the heated room.
Note! Specific power is a standard indicator and differs in different regions... So in Moscow and the Moscow region this parameter is 1-1.2, in the northern regions it can reach 2, and in the southern regions it is 0.7-0.9.
Radiator calculation
In addition to the boiler itself, it is also necessary to produce. Below we will tell you how the heating of the main area of our house is calculated.
The following formula is used to calculate the number of batteries:
W = S * h * 41
- W is the power of the radiators, sufficient to ensure a comfortable temperature in the room.
- S is the area of the room.
- H - height from floor to ceiling slab(excluding suspended structures).
- 41 - the rate of consumption of thermal energy per cubic meter of internal volume.
The result of the calculation using this formula is the total power installed radiators... We divide the resulting figure by the heat transfer of one section of the battery (the instructions for the radiator must contain this information), and we get required amount sections. To provide the best heating the resulting number is best rounded up!
Naturally, after completing all the calculations, it is necessary to select the optimal models of radiators, and install them in such a way that heat losses are minimal. The technology for installing heating radiators is clearly demonstrated in the video tutorials that are posted on our portal.
Calculation of payment
Payment without a common house meter
No less important point is the calculation of payment for heat supply to your apartment. According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 "On the provision of utilities ..." the payment for heating includes:
- Payment for heating provided in your apartment.
- Payment for heating common building premises.
The calculation technology depends on whether your house is equipped with heat metering devices. In our article, we will consider both options, which will allow you to perform calculations with your own hands in any situation.
So, how is the heating tariff calculated in a house in which a common meter is not installed?
Payment for heating the apartment itself, in which an individual heating meter is installed, is made according to the formula:
P i = V i * T k, where:
- V i - the amount of heat consumed according to the indicators of the individual metering device.
For example, the meter showed that you used up 1.5 gigacalories of heat in a month. In this case, the total amount will be:
1.5 * 1400 (heating tariff) = 2100 p.
If there is no counter, then a different formula is used:
P i = S i * N t * T t, where:
- S i - area of the room
- N t - consumption standard
- T t - tariff set for the region
In this case, a calculation example looks like this:
- The consumption rate is 0.025 Gcal per square meter.
- The area of the apartment is 75 square meters.
- The tariff is 1400 rubles.
As a result, we have:
77 * 0.0025 * 1400 = 2 625 p.
As you can see, a careful calculation shows the entire effectiveness of installing a meter for heating in each apartment, because the savings are very significant.
P i = V i * T k, where:
- V i - the amount of heat provided for general household needs for the reporting period.
- T k - tariff established by law.
For example, if 1 gigacalorie was spent on general heating, then the cost of payment will be 1400 rubles.
- With individual metering devices installed: 2100 = 1400 = 3500r.
- Without individual counters: 2625 = 1400 = 4025 p.
Payment with a common counter
If the house is installed general appliance for accounting, then the calculation of individually consumed heat energy is calculated as follows:
P i = V d * S i / S d * T t, where:
- V d - the amount of heat consumed during the period according to the indicators of the general heating meter.
- S i is the area of the apartment.
- S d - the area of all premises that make up the house (including residential, non-residential and utility).
- T t is the tariff set in your region.
Payment for space heating common use is made according to the same formula as in the previous case.
Another way is to use utility calculators. Today there are several similar calculators, and the data obtained as a result of their use provide sufficient accuracy of calculations.
In our article, we showed how calculations are performed required power heating boilers and radiators for heating your home, and also clearly demonstrated how to calculate the tariff for heating an apartment in different situations... We hope that the formulas and examples given here will be useful, because strict accounting is the most important condition for reducing costs!
From year to year in our country, tariffs for utilities are growing, and many families have to carefully plan their budget in order to make the necessary payments on time and in full.
Such a load becomes especially high during the heating season, when payments for heat are added to other receipts for services, in which there are considerable numbers.
How is heating payment calculated?
The calculation of the required payment for heating directly depends on whether the house and apartment are equipped with meters that control heat consumption.
In the absence of a general house meter
If there is no meter common for the whole house that records the heat consumption, then the metering of its consumption is calculated using the following indicators.
- The set rate of heat for heating one "square". This standard is established by local authorities for a specific territory and directly depends on the prevailing climate on it.
- Heating tariff. It is understood as the cost of one gigacalorie, which is a calculated unit of thermal energy, and it is established by the decision of the relevant executive body of local government.
- The area of the apartment. This includes only the area of housing that is heated. For example, "squares" of loggias and balconies cannot be included in this figure.
The amount payable for heating is obtained by multiplying the three indicators above. However, this method has a significant drawback: with such an accrual, the amount of payments does not in any way depend on the actually consumed amount of heat, therefore, it gradually disappears from its use, carrying out the equipment of apartment buildings with general house meters.
If a total counter is installed
The presence of a common meter is the most common option for metering heat consumption by apartments in a house. This is due to the fact that it will be difficult to install individual heating metering devices in previously built apartments - long-laid communications do not allow this, but to mount a general meter at the coolant inlet to heating system at home is quite possible.
To determine the amount of funds that the owner of the apartment will have to pay for heating, the following parameters are used.
- Total heat consumption for the whole house. This indicator is taken from a meter that records the flow of heat into the house as a whole. The main convenience here lies in the fact that now the losses that were allowed during the movement of the coolant along the heating main, where they always take place, do not fall on the shoulders of heating payers.
- Heated living area.
- Common non-residential premises of the building, which are also heated.
- Heating tariff set by local authorities.
In the presence of individual meters
If the apartment is equipped with individual metering devices, then the owner will pay for heating exactly as much as he will consume. This option for metering heat consumption in houses with big amount apartments are fully functional if they are fully equipped with individual heating meters. The absence of meters is allowed in no more than 5% of apartments.
In this case, the calculation of the amounts that should be paid for heating is as follows. The consumed heat is taken as a basis, which was shown by the meter installed in the apartment. The resulting figure is multiplied by the heating tariff set by the local government and changed periodically. In addition, the amount of funds that are paid for heating common areas (entrances, stairwells, etc.) is added here. To do this, from the total amount of heat - it will be shown by the general meter - readings of individual devices installed in apartments are subtracted, and the remainder is evenly distributed among the tenants for subsequent payment.
However, to date, metering meters for heat entering the dwelling, installed directly in apartments, are not yet very common, although they are already being installed in most new buildings.
Do I need to heat for heating in the summer
In practice, two options are used to pay for heating services, and any citizen can use the one that suits him best. Most residents pay for heating all year round, and this has one advantage: the amount of money for the heat consumed per year is divided into twelve equal parts, and the owner of the apartment pays them monthly.
However, you can go the other way, and pay the due fee only when it is actually turned on and the batteries in the apartment are hot. In order to pay in this way, you should individually conclude an agreement with the heat supplier, in which all the nuances of this process should be spelled out. In addition, one should prepare for substantial additional loads on the family budget, since during the heating season with this form of payment, they will increase by about two-thirds of the amounts that have to be paid in the summer.
Thus, each citizen can independently choose how to pay for heating their home. At the same time, it is easy to calculate that no matter how a citizen pays the required funds for heating, the total amount for the year will still be the same. In some cases, unscrupulous citizens, in an effort to underestimate the consumed heat, resort to different kinds tricks like twisting counters. This will not bring any benefit, since sooner or later such an offense will be discovered, and the persons who committed it will face substantial fines, many times higher than the "economy" of this kind.
In reality, it is possible to reduce the cost of paying for heat as follows.
- Install plastic windows that keep warm well.
- Insulate the walls.
- Place reflectors behind the batteries.
Thanks to such simple measures, you can significantly save heat, and, accordingly, reduce heating costs.
Recalculation of payment for heating: in what cases it is carried out
In some cases, residents using district heating services may apply for recalculation. This right is assigned to them by the Government Decree No. 354 of 05/06/2011, which regulates the supply of utilities to houses with a large number of apartments.
According to the specified normative act, residents of such houses have the right to apply for a recalculation of heating payments in the following cases.
- When the quality of the service is not provided at the proper level, that is, the heating does not work at full capacity, and the temperature in the rooms is below the stipulated standards.
- When the owner of the apartment has issued a subsidy for the payment of utilities, but continues to receive payments in which the full cost of payment is stated.
- When one or more radiators do not work in the apartment for a long time.
In each of the listed cases, the person applying for a review of the heating bill must have supporting documents, otherwise this issue will not even be considered by the management company or another authority.
Such documents should be taken care of in advance, and in the event of interruptions in heating during the autumn-winter season, immediately call the foreman from the housing office, who, if it is impossible to eliminate the damage and establish the supply of heat to the apartment, would draw up an appropriate act on this issue.
If the called specialist for some reason did not show up, then you can do it on your own. It is enough to invite two neighbors and a senior at the entrance, and together with them, in any form, draw up an act fixing problems with the heating of the apartment. This document, together with others, will serve as the basis for recalculating payments.
It should be borne in mind that the companies responsible for heating multi-apartment housing are extremely reluctant to recalculate, and are trying to do everything to avoid this. In particular, they can refer to the fact that the apartment has poor thermal insulation and therefore it is cold in it, that the admission of the specialists involved in this was not provided in a timely manner to eliminate heating problems in the apartment, and also look for other loopholes. Therefore, those who want to achieve a recalculation of payment for heating should tune in to a long struggle for it.
Many of those who received receipts for payment of services this year were greatly surprised at how impressive the sums for heating turned out to be. Of course, when you made the design of heating an apartment and the installation of heating in a gas-type apartment, it was understood that the main costs would belong only to the installation of the system. Not so long ago, new rules were established to explain the calculation of heating in an apartment. In addition, one more additional line appeared in the receipt - ONE heating.
In this article, we will help you determine how heating in an apartment is calculated. According to the new rules and norms of calculation, payment for any utility service, including for heat energy, will be divided into several parts: payment for services that are provided in a residential building, and payment for services provided for the general needs of the whole house. For this reason, the receipt for heating will now have not only one line, but two.
Payment
The procedure for calculating the heating bill will completely depend on how the house is heated and what heating devices are installed in the room. There are several basic options for equipping a house with devices and appliances, on which how heating in an apartment is calculated largely depends:
- In a residential-type house, only one device is installed, which is common, and in apartments and non-residential premises, metering devices are completely absent.
- A common device is installed in the house, which is needed to account for heating, but also individual rooms in the house are equipped with individual devices.
- There is no general heating meter in the house.
First of all, you need to find out if one common household appliance is installed in the house, and also whether there are other individual heating meters in residential or non-residential premises.
Example # 1
One common device is installed in a residential building, and there are no individual devices in the premises. When deciding how to calculate heating in an apartment, we note that the payment for heating in a residential building is carried out according to the formula No. 3 of the Rules based on the readings of the meter on individual heating, which is set in the apartment, or the heat consumption standard set for heating in residential premises. All readings of the device are taken into account in Gcal.
- The volume of heat according to the general house device was 250 Gcal.
- The total area of the house, which includes all apartments, as well as non-residential premises, is 7000 sq. meters.
- The area of the apartment is 75 sq. meters.
- Heat tariff is 1400 rubles. for 1 Gcal.
The calculation of heating by the area of the apartment will be made using the following scheme:
250 * 75/7000 * 1400 = 3750 rubles
This was the calculation of the first component of the receipt, the second component will be calculated according to formulas # 10 and # 14. The first formula calculates the volume of the service, and the second calculates the amount of the fee in rubles. To determine the volume, you need to take into account the area of non-residential premises and apartments. For example, the size of the area is 6,000 sq. meters.
The heat volume will be generated by the following calculation:
250 * (1-6000 / 7000) * 75/6000 = 0.446428571 Gcal.
3750 + 625 = 4375 rubles.
Example No. 2
One common device is installed in the house, and also in some residential or non-residential premises there are individual devices. The payment for heating in the apartment will be made according to formulas # 1 and # 2.
According to the formula No. 1, the calculation will be made by the following method:
1.5 * 1400 = 2100 rubles
- 1.5 is the volume of heat in Gcal, which was taken from what the individual device shows;
- 1400 rubles is the tariff for the payment of 1 Gcal of heat;
According to the formula No. 2, the calculation is made in the following way:
- number 75 is the area of the apartment;
- 0.025 Gcal - the rate of heat consumption per 1 sq. M.
How to calculate the heating in an apartment, in this case, will depend on whether the apartment has an individual device for measuring consumed heat. The second component of the receipt will be calculated according to formulas 10 and 13. The amount of payment for heat will be calculated for the first, and the volume of services for the second.
(250 - 10 -5000 * 0.25 - 8 -30) * 75/6000 = 0.9625 Gcal
Of the unknown indicators, one can single out such as:
- 10 Gcal - the volume of thermal energy that was consumed in non-residential premises;
- 5000 sq. m. - the total area of all apartments;
- 8 Gcal is the amount of heat consumed in apartments. Data is taken from individual devices.
- 30 Gcal is the amount of heat that is needed for the needs of hot water supply, if there is no centralized heating distribution in the apartment.
0.9625 * 1,400 = 1,347.50 rubles.
The total payment for heating the apartment will be calculated using the following method:
2 100 + 1347.50 = 3 447.50 - if the heating system of the apartment has an individual device;
2 625 + 1347.50 = 3 972.50 rubles. - if there is no device in the apartment.
Example No. 3
The common household appliance is completely absent. Heat payment will be calculated according to formulas No. 1 and No. 2.
Before calculating the heating in the apartment, according to the formula No. 1, the calculation will look like:
1.5 * 1400 = 2100 rubles
According to the formula No. 2, the calculation will be made as follows:
0.025 * 75 * 1400 = 2625 rubles
For general house needs, the calculation will look like:
0.025 * 100 * 75/6 000 = 0.03125 Gcal
- 100 sq.m. - the area of the premises that are part of the common property in the house.
How heating in an apartment is calculated in rubles is calculated by the following method:
0.03125 * 1,400 = 43.75 rubles.
2 100 + 43.75 = 2 143.75 rubles. - if there is an individual device in the apartment;
2 625 + 43.75 = 2 668, 75 rubles. - if there is no device.
Note that if you have problems with heating in the apartment, and you just do not yet know how to carry out individual heating in the apartment, then you should definitely contact the specialists who will explain everything and help solve the problems. First, a project for heating the apartment is done. After its approval, you can proceed to the next step - purchase equipment and, possibly, provide for such an option as additional heating apartments.
Before heating an apartment, you should think carefully about everything - not without the participation of professionals. And if you need to repair the heating in the apartment, then ideal option will appeal to special service- since independent actions can harm not only you, but also those around you.
Heating bills account for the lion's share of total utility costs. Find out from this article how heating bills are charged under the new 2016 rules and how the tariff is determined when the meters are not installed. Knowing how to "read" the receipt, you will be aware of how much and for what you pay. This will allow timely identification of intentional or accidental errors in the calculations indicated in the receipts.
The formula for calculating the payment for heating
The rules for the provision of utilities are regulated by the RF Government Resolutions No. 354 and No. 344. They indicate that the calculation of payments for heating is done in two ways:
- Based on the readings of metering devices.
- According to consumption standards (if meters are not installed).
Excluding devices
The total area of the apartment x the standard for the consumption of thermal energy x the heating tariff established in the region.
According to current legislation, in all houses where there is technical capability, common house meters should be installed. If they are absent, a multiplying coefficient is applied when calculating the payment for heating. In 2016, it was 1.4, and since the beginning of 2017 it has been increased to 1.6.
With a general house meter
Another calculation method is used when only one general metering device is installed in the house, and there are no meters in the apartments. In this case, the formula is applied:
The total volume of consumed heat in the building x the area of the apartment / the total area of all premises in the building x the tariff established in the region.
The total amount of heat consumed in the house is determined on the basis of the readings of the general house meter taken over a certain period of time. Usually it is 1 month.
With individual counter
Now let's see how heating is calculated in an apartment in which an individual heat meter is installed. The formula is pretty simple:
The amount of heat consumed (readings of the apartment meter) x the heating tariff set in the region.
The calculation of payment for heating in this way is carried out only if two conditions are met:
- Metering devices are installed in 100% of apartments.
- There is a communal meter in the building.
Let's consider how the heating fee is calculated using a specific example:
How the tariff is determined if there are no meters
Although the state encourages owners to install metering devices, still not everyone has them. In such cases, the tariff is calculated in one of two ways:
- If even a common house meter is not installed, the tariff set by the local administration is taken.
- If there is a general house meter, the tariff is calculated for a specific house.
The tariff is revised once a year. Its size is influenced by different parameters, the main ones are:
- energy prices;
- expenses for paying salaries;
- average temperature over the last 5 heating seasons.
When the heating season ends, the tariff is revised and the costs for the previous season are recalculated. If the actual costs are lower, the resulting overpayment remains on the personal account of the owner. It will go towards paying for heating next year. If it is revealed that the tariff was understated, additional amounts appear in the receipts.
Please note - if you yourself have found a discrepancy between the accrued and paid amount, you have the right to write a statement of recalculation. A sample application for the recalculation of utility bills can be downloaded in this article.
Homeowners regularly receive bills for centralized heat supply to high-rise buildings. Receipts contain two items for which you need to pay:
- heating of the living space itself;
- heat supply of entrances, staircases and platforms, corridors.
Calculation of payment for heating an apartment building
This value depends on the availability of a common house heat energy meter. If there is no heat meter, then the hot water consumption is charged in accordance with the standards approved by the decree of the authorized authority. The price printed on the receipt is the final result displayed on the payment document. The increasing heat metering factor without control devices does not apply heat consumption, since it was canceled from March 14, 2017 by a relevant document.
Important! The accrual of housing and communal services in Russia and Ukraine is somewhat different, the given methods of monetary relationships between consumers and representatives of the communal services sector are intended for residents Russian Federation.
The apartment heating fee is calculated as the product of three factors:
- the total area of the dwelling;
- standard heat energy consumption;
- a tariff plan for a particular locality.
Calculation for heating according to a common house metering device is definitely more profitable than payment for heat supply according to standard indicators. However, losses Money from the family budget remain overestimated, since the consumed heat contains extraneous heat losses.
Monitoring the heat consumption of a multi-storey building
Legislation allows two possible calculations of utility bills for heating:
- can be calculated based on the data of the ODPU;
- calculated according to the data of the individual heat controller.
The first option: only a general housekeeping device is installed. In this case, the size of the board is determined on the basis of the readings of the device, which are distributed among consumers according to the square meters used. This method does not allow effectively enough to reduce the spending of the family budget, since general house readings contain additional heat loss due to:
- insufficient insulation of public heated places in high-rise buildings;
- the presence of poorly insulated apartments with old window frames or corner arrangement.
The management company can offer to pay for the services provided as follows:
- control of heat consumption is carried out only in the heated period;
- evenly distributed over all months.
The second option is to insert a personal device connected to a centralized heating system. In this case, the cost of a communal apartment will decrease by approximately 25-30% compared to receipts according to the data of the general measuring unit.
It should be noted that the supplier company may refuse to allow reporting using personal measuring equipment if not all areas of the residential building are equipped with them. Failure can be caused by the fact that the heating equipment has not passed the sealing procedure. 
In the presence of a separate apartment measuring unit, the calculation of the heating payment according to the metering device will consist of the actual readings of the measuring device and the tenant's share in relation to heat consumption in public places multi-storey building.
Housing and communal services formulas for calculating the cost of heating
For calculations, a fairly large number of simple formulas are used, the use of which is due to a number of factors:
- the presence of a centralized or local heating system - modern new buildings often have built-in-attached or roof-top boiler houses;
- the presence of an established public heating meter in the house;
- whether residential and non-residential premises are equipped with separate heat measuring devices;
- type of charge: only in winter time or in equal monthly installments.
Below is a detailed discussion of how to pay for heating with and without a meter.
Important! The payment rate should be determined in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of 05/06/2011 "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings "(revised 09.09.2017).
Rules for the mathematical determination of the cost of heat consumption in the absence of power devices
If the accrual occurs only during the cold season, then the payment for heating during the heating season is determined as the product of multipliers:
- the size of your home according to the registration certificate, m2;
- recommended consumption rate, Gcal / m2;
- tariff plan, rub / Gcal.
The tariff rate is determined by the authorized government bodies for each specific region.
If funds are debited evenly, regardless of the location of the street thermometer, then the determination of the amount charged looks like the product of the following indicators:
- the square of the living space of your property according to the data sheet, m2;
- heat energy consumption standard, Gcal / m2;
- periodicity coefficient;
- tariff for the supplied service, rub / Gcal.
The periodicity factor is calculated:
K = N / 12
Where K is the determined coefficient;
12 - the number of calendar months;
N is the duration of the heating season, months.
In the case when the apartment building is equipped with a collective heat meter, and the heated areas of the housing sector are partially equipped with individual heat metering units, the payment can be calculated or, in the autumn-spring period, carried out in equal parts, distributed over 12 calendar months.
The first variant of calculations is carried out on the basis of the following information:
- the volume of hot liquid consumed according to the public accounting device;
- square meters of your living space;
- the total area of residential and non-residential rooms and public places;
- the amount of the declared tariff.
The calculation formula is:
P = V * S / S k * T
where P is the calculated price of heat supply, rubles;
V is the amount of hot water supplied according to the general household control device;
S - the area of your apartment, determined by the registration certificate;
S k - the total quadrature of all sections of a multi-storey building, regardless of the purpose;
T is the tariff declared by the supplier for thermal energy.
If managing organization makes uniform monthly calculations, then the amount that is paid when using the coolant is considered as the product of indicators:
- the average monthly value of the volume of heat consumption for the previous 12 months;
- housing quadrature, defined by accompanying technical documentation;
- the size of the tariff.
Important! The average monthly volume of heat energy is determined on the basis of the totality of the measurements taken from the collective heat meter, distributed by the number of months in proportion to the square meters occupied by apartments and common areas.
With this procedure for calculating the cost of service in the first quarter of the current year, the amount of the paid amount is adjusted up or down according to the formula:
P cor = P * S / S k - P square
where R kv - charges that need to be paid for providing you utilities over the past 12 months.
How is it calculated for an apartment with an individual registration device
Heat energy payment apartment building connected in all rooms individual counters can be calculated in two ways: during the cold time only, or all year round in equal shares.
The calculation of the cost of a communal apartment for the heated period is based on the data:
- heat consumption obtained from measurements of an individual metering device;
- collective level of consumption minus the complex supply of heat energy to all places equipped with separate heat metering units;
- the number of square meters of living space indicated according to the technical documentation;
- the total area of all premises of an apartment building, regardless of their use;
- standardized tariff for the costs of the heating agent.
P = (V i + V 1 * S / S k) * T
where V i is the flow rate shown by a personal heat meter;
V 1 - the cost of the coolant for settlement period according to the indicators of the collective heat meter minus the total amount of energy supplied to all rooms equipped with separate heat metering means:
V 1 = V-∑Vi
Calculation of heating bills charged throughout the entire calendar year:
P = (V i + V * S / S k) * T
where V i is the average monthly consumption of heat supplied according to the measurements of the apartment heat meter.
If housing and communal relations are carried out on the basis of last year's average monthly readings of the general house and personal heat meters, in the first quarter of the current year the payment must be adjusted upward or downward.
The adjustment is defined as the difference between:
- the size of the price determined on the basis of actual measurements of the complex and apartment heat meters for the billing year
- cost calculated on the basis of average monthly heat supplies shown by general house and apartment equipment for the year.
How to reduce payments for the use of the coolant
The amount accrued by the management company, in the absence of any metering devices for the consumption of heat energy, can cause serious damage to the family budget. It is possible to reduce monthly expenses. The solution to the problem is to insert a common house meter into one heating system and install personal measuring elements. Connecting equipment will reduce costs by about 30%. However, the payback can be several years.
Important! In new houses, the installation of heating meters in the apartment is carried out immediately, at the construction stage. In this case, only one thing is required from the owners of the living space - to arrange their sealing, after which they are guaranteed a reduced cost of heat consumption.
According to the requirements of Federal legislation, consumers have the right to orderly demand from management company installations collective means control of heat consumption. To connect a personal measuring device and get permission to pay according to its testimony, you will have to "wrestle" with the heat supply organization.
A decrease in the amount specified in the receipt of housing and communal services is possible after the completion of work aimed at high-quality insulation housing. The elimination of extraneous heat loss will significantly reduce the flow rate of the coolant. Home insulation work will not bring the desired economic result if an apartment heat meter is not installed.
Overpayment can be caused by overly hot heating radiators. The problem of overheating is solved by installing thermostats on the batteries, with which you can reduce or increase the flow of the coolant, thereby regulating the air temperature in the room. This issue is especially relevant for buildings with vertical wiring pipes since hot water rising from the bottom up, it gradually cools down. The result is hot radiators on the ground floors and moderately warm ones on the upper ones. 
Important! The radical solution to the problem of prohibitive heat bills is to switch to alternative heating methods. One of them is the presence of its own boiler room. Most often, the boiler room is located on the roof. In the modern construction boom in Russia, organizations have appeared that combine the functions of a developer and representatives of housing and communal services. They are responsible for the construction and further operation of the building, including the operation of boiler equipment.
Others possible way space heating is the use of stationary convectors that use electricity or gas fuel for operation. In this case, complete independence from centralized system heat supply, but payments according to the readings of the electricity meter increase. This kind of savings is common overseas, especially in the United States of America.
Why do we pay for heat supply in ENP in summer?
A single payment document (UPC) contains accounts of various sectors of the housing industry, including utility costs for the use of heat in summer time... The tenants have a reasonable question - why in the summer I pay for the supply of heat, while the heating season is within autumn-spring.
The legislation of the Russian Federation allows charging payments for heat supply in two ways:
- in equal monthly installments;
- only in winter.
Most often, management companies use the first method, since it allows you to evenly "spread" the monthly payment amount. When charged in the second way, the costs of the home budget for heating season will increase significantly, and the rest of the time will not be charged.
You cannot blindly trust the amounts written on the receipt. If you have any doubts about the conscientiousness of representatives of housing and communal services, it is best to make independent simple calculations using a calculator using the above calculation methods. If a discrepancy is found, contact the utilities with a request to issue an invoice again.