Rest in the Caucasus is a great time spent, which gives you a good mood for the whole year. In addition, health can be restored at local resorts. The regions along the Black Sea coast are characterized by a developed recreational network. On their territory there is a large number of resort villages and cities. can be conditionally divided into four recreation areas. They formed around Gelendzhik, Anapa, Sochi and Tuapse. All these cities of the Caucasus are major tourist centers.
The resort area of Anapa
Along the Black Sea coast, for eighty kilometers, there are flat plateaus and rocky shores, pebble beaches and sand dunes, mud hills and relict juniper forests. All this is the Anapa resort.
The sanatoriums of the Caucasus in this zone are located not only in the city itself, but also in the adjacent settlements- Vityazevo, Blagoveshchenskoye, Sukko, Bimlyuk, and Dzhemete.
Rest in the Caucasus in Anapa is preferred by couples with children. This is the sunniest place on the Black Sea coast (280 days throughout the year). The average annual water temperature in the coastal sea zone is 15.5 degrees, and the air temperature is 11.9 above zero. You can swim in Anapa from May to October.
In this resort there are mineral springs that are used not only for dining, but also for medicinal drinking, as well as for balneological procedures. Practicing in Anapa and a very unusual kind of getting rid of many ailments. This is ampelotherapy, or grape therapy. On the sea plantations of the city, oysters, mussels and rapanas are grown, which are used for diet food vacationers.
Numerous sanatoriums of the Caucasus, rest houses, boarding houses, tourist centers, youth and children's health centers are located in this resort area. In total, there are two hundred thirty health resorts on the indicated Black Sea territory, designed for the simultaneous residence of forty-five thousand people.
Entertainment
Guests of Anapa can visit the water park built here, which is called the "Golden Beach". In the nearby village of Sukko, there is an extreme amusement park. A picturesque castle "Lion's Head" was erected on its territory, which in its architecture is similar to a medieval defensive structure. It can simultaneously receive 1200 visitors, who will have the opportunity to see the colorful show program of the knight's tournament, shoot at a shooting range from a crossbow and become participants in some other rituals in the spirit of that time.
In the resort town of Anapa, there are numerous excursion bureaus, entertainment and cultural institutions, travel companies... There is a railway and bus station, a seaport and an airport.
Treatment
Rest in the Caucasus in the resort area of Anapa is a great opportunity to improve your health. Among the one hundred and seventy-six sanatorium institutions in this region, the fourth part is year-round. Important curative factor the resort are sandy, airy and sunbathing as well as swimming in the sea.
Getting rid of various pathologies is promoted by the use of iodine-bromine water and mud therapy. The main profile of the resort area of Anapa is vascular and heart diseases, nervous system, digestive and respiratory organs. In the health resorts of the resort for health food Semigorsk waters of mineral springs are used. And the mud from the Anapa deposits may well compete with even the most famous cosmetic and medicinal mud that exists on our planet.
Resort area of Gelendzhik
It stretches along the Black Sea for one hundred kilometers. The sanatoriums of the Caucasus, located on its territory, are very popular among vacationers.
The city of Gelendzhik is located on the shore of the beautiful bay of the same name. It is protected from storms and storms by the bordering of the picturesque Caucasus Mountains.
Gelendzhik Bay is not only an ideal harbor. The calm, sun-warmed and clear water is excellent for swimming.
The resort town is spread out on the seashore in the form of an amphitheater. At the same time, it is surrounded by green picturesque slopes of the Markotkh ridge, from which the main sandy-pebble beaches originate, stretching for tens of kilometers at the very foot of the mountains.
Climatic conditions
Rest in the Caucasus in the Gelendzhik zone will be unforgettable for any person. This is facilitated by the unique nature of the region. Climatic conditions in Gelendzhik correspond to the Mediterranean type. This and early spring, and dry, cool summers (the average temperature is plus twenty-four degrees), and the gentle sea. At the same time, the evergreen vegetation of the region and the freshness of rivers descending from the mountains, the absence of large flows of transport and industrial enterprises are attractive for vacationers.
Priority areas in treatment
Rest in the Caucasus at the sea in the resort area of Gelendzhik is preferred by people suffering from pulmonary pathologies. The elimination of these diseases is facilitated by the air saturated with air ions. These are useful for human body the elements have a beneficial effect on all organs.
Excursions and entertainment
Gelendzhik is famous not only for its unique nature, which has healing powers. This city has a fascinating history. In the vicinity of Gelendzhik there are monuments of the most ancient civilization. Guests of this amazing land can get acquainted with the peers of the pyramids of Egypt - the dolmens. These are structures made of stone slabs. They are believed to have been erected between the third and second centuries BC. In the vicinity of the resort town, there are the ruins of ancient fortresses and medieval burial mounds. In Gelendzhik itself there is a water park and an adventure park.
Tuapse resort area
Where to go in summer? In the event that the place where you are going to rest is the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, you should pay attention to the territory of the Tuapse region. There are such resort villages as Lermontovo and Dzhubga, Olginka and Novomikhaylovsky, Agoy and others.
The Tuapse region stretches along the main Caucasian ridge. Its territory is eighty kilometers long and forty-three wide. In the center of this resort area there are sandy beaches, and on the outskirts - pebble and stone. Along the entire coast of the region there are wide valleys, which are home to citrus plantations, orchards and vineyards.
Climatologists consider the Tuapse region very favorable for treatment, rehabilitation and recreation. This is facilitated by forests that approach the water itself.
If you come to the Caucasus, a recreation center or a camping site, a "star" hotel or health resort will take you to high level and will give you unforgettable days. Tuapse resort area is a great place for children and families. The health resort "Eaglet" is located here. It is large child Center, which annually accepts up to fifteen thousand teenagers from all over Russia. On the territory of the region, there are two hundred and sixty health institutions, in which more than 32,000 people can rest at the same time.
All health resorts in the resort area of Tuapse are built along the Black Sea coast. Vacationers are given the opportunity to have a great time on the beaches. The largest water park in Russia, Dolphin, has been built not far from Tuapse (15 km from the city). Lovers of antiquity can visit excursions and get acquainted with the ancient monuments - dolmens. The psynako-1 mound is also located here. This mysterious megalithic complex is dedicated to the pagan sun god and is the Caucasian analogue of the English Stonehenge.
Sochi resort area
There is a large area along the Black Sea coast, which is very popular among vacationers. This is a famous resort, the uniqueness of which lies in the huge variety of healing natural factors. Its center is the city of Sochi. It is located in the North Caucasus and has unique climatic conditions. Here the subtropics coexist with eternal ice. The air at the resort is refreshed by breezes that blow from the sea during the day and from the mountains at night. Thanks to this, there is no heat in Sochi.
For the treatment of vacationers, the resort offers a variety of mineral waters, and for accommodation - two hundred and fifty facilities. Among them are sixty-seven sanatoriums, twenty-seven boarding houses, seven health centers, etc. Sochi health resorts can accommodate six hundred thousand people at the same time.
The North Caucasus gives an unforgettable vacation. Here you can improve your health, and see the many attractions of the region, and become a spectator of various cultural events, and go skiing in a ski resort.
Matsesta is no less popular with vacationers. This is a resort area located in the suburbs of Sochi. On its territory there are springs of mineral waters that have been used since time immemorial to get rid of various ailments.
Found a draft of an old report that hadn't been implemented before. In July 2015, we rested on the Black Sea.
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Before the rest there was a choice between the Crimea and the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Although Crimea is ours, there were fears that there might be problems with infrastructure and delivery there. The choice was made in favor of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. I wanted more wild beaches, attractions and hiking in the surrounding area. The choice fell in the direction of Divnomorskoye for the first part of the vacation, and the second part took place in the vicinity of Sochi.
For Divnomorskoe, the nearest airport is Gelendzhik, but the prices for the flight were not pleasing. In addition, they needed a car for rent, so that it could be taken at one airport, and given already in Sochi. Combining these two requirements, the choice fell on the airport of arrival Krasnodar with a return from Sochi to Moscow. The rental company turned out to be Hertz, which offered the most reasonable price - 23,500 rubles in 2 weeks. We flew to Krasnodar airport at lunchtime, on a weekday - this is to understand that there are much more traffic jams towards the sea on weekends. The Hertz office consisted of one girl at the counter at the exit from the airport, who, having completed the documents for the car by phone, called the driver from the car. I added full insurance for 2 weeks for 2500 rubles to the payment - although it is necessary to submit documents from the traffic police to cover it. The car arrived in 5 minutes to the airport square - 50 m from the exit from the airport building. KIA CEED SW car with a manual transmission, mileage of about 55,000 km, excellent condition, except for minor scuffs and scratches around the perimeter of the car. Having fixed all the jambs in the transfer sheet, it was suggested by the Hertz representative to go as soon as possible, otherwise, they say, the free time (15 minutes) to enter the airport was running out. I wonder what would have happened if 15 minutes had not been met?
They managed to get under way immediately, despite the fact that he had not driven a mechanic for a long time. After getting unstuck, we went to the Krasnodar City Mall to have lunch and buy food and water for the trip. At the same time, a SIM card was purchased there for the mobile Internet.
After dinner we went to the sea. The road is good, Yandex told me where the cameras and the traffic police ambushes were. The latter are found on the roads of the Krasnodar Territory quite often - they are caught for speeding, crossing a solid, etc. After turning to the north in the Dzhubga area, sections of the road with road repairs began to occur, which reduced the speed. We reached Divnomorskoye in 3 hours - in the evening.
In Divnomorskoye we rented a 2-room apartment via the Internet - at a distance of 1.2 km from the sea. The car was parked right next to the house on the street. The apartment is in good condition - all that was needed was hot water in a storage water heater. There were no mosquitoes, there was silence at night and Fresh air- it was great to sleep.
In Divnomorskoye, we drove to the beach by car to 2 places. The first one is next to the territory of the Divnomorskoe sanatorium. We put it on the street, free of charge. The second in the north of Divnomorskoye is a paid parking lot, 100 rubles. day. But in Divnomorskoye on the beach there were 2 times in total, the rest of the trips were to other places on the coast.
Divnomorskoe.
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The next day we went to the village of Dzhanhot - to which it takes about 10-15 minutes to go. Leaving the car in a paid parking lot (100 rubles / day), we went on a hike to a place called the Blue Abyss. Our trail went along the top of the coast. From Dzhanhot, there is a rather steep ascent uphill, and then it is already gentle, with small drops up and down. In some places, traces of a fire were visible, which had been in the pine forest in previous years, but green growth was already making its way between the burnt branches.
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The Blue Abyss is about 2.5 km away. We stopped at the top to relax, admire the views.
Blue abyss.
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In the distance Divnomorskoe.
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In the same place, there is a haven of savages who can reach the tops of the cliffs overhanging the sea. The pine forest creates a pleasant shade. The forest road is passable even for passenger cars, but more clearance is needed, so they did not dare to drive here on the side with its 14 cm clearance.
The path to the sea has a steep descent, in one place there is a monument to a man who fell off the rocks. Closer to the sea there is another tent camp of savages who came to this place on foot. The manners are simple. In our presence, a girl in only rags on her naked body came to the sea to wash the dishes, then took off her only clothes and bathed in the sea - a real mermaid. The beach is made of stone, which is similar to chalk, but harder in structure. After swimming in this rocky place, we found that all our clothing items, backpacks, which were lying on the stones, were also slightly dyed white. I had to shake off all the property.
The sea is below the Blue Abyss.
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The return journey followed the same route.
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In Dzhanhot, we swam on the beach, which is located in a small bay, dined in the canteen. We went to look for the dacha of the writer Korolenko, which is located in the village. Found. At the gate of the dacha there was an announcement that if anyone wants to get inside, call on such and such a phone and the fee: 250 rubles from an adult. Almost like making calls to paid services - isn't it too much for such a small object? Therefore, we did not notice any more visitors there. Having examined the house from behind the fence, we went to look for the turtle's spring.
Korolenko's dacha.
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It is located at the top of Janhot in the forest. The road is unpaved. We left the car on it and walk from the road about 100 meters to the spring. The spring is equipped, but the water barely oozes out and is very cold. After washing with spring water, we went to Divnomorskoye to rest.
Turtle spring.
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We had dinner at Divnomorskoye. Found a nice dining room open until 9pm. Good for prices, quality and variety of food. This was evidenced by the queue at lunch, which was observed once. There is a queue for dinner after 19:00, but for 5-10 minutes. On the street there is a veranda with tables, if it rains, then you can eat in the hall.
In addition, we once visited the Ivushka cafe - I liked it very much, but of course it was three times more expensive.
The next day was devoted to a trip to the Parus rock in Praskoveevskoye and a survey of the environs of this village.
To Praskoveevskiy drive a little longer along a good mountain road. Behind it to the south is the residence of the President of Russia, which is still under construction. A rather narrow road leads to the beach in Praskoveevsky, at the end of which a car is parked on its sides. The roadsides were busy, and in some places they were quite steep for our car, so they put it in the parking lot for 150 rubles. Skala Parus is located to the north of the Praskoveevsky beach, 500 meters away. Along the shore, the road to it, in some places, is blocked by heaps of fallen stones and rocks. So either by the sea to bypass or to climb the stones. Near the Sail cliff, people are photographed, they are located for rest. Excursions come here on boats from the sea - to admire natural site... Indeed, there is something to be surprised about. A lonely rock, for some reason, is not eaten by the sea, like the entire coast that retreated under its onslaught. Having dived with a mask into the sea in the area of the rock under water, I discovered that it has an underwater part that goes into the sea. The area of these underwater rocks is full of living creatures - fish, crabs and jellyfish are full. But jellyfish in the Black Sea are mostly harmless - they don't sting. But swimming in jellyfish soup, and sometimes this happens, is also not very pleasant. Dolphins were seen in the area of Parus rock, almost near the coast - no further than 100 m.
Rock Sail.
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They climb up the log for photographing.
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View from the other side.
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After sunbathing and swimming, in the area of the Praskoveevsky beach we went to a cafe, where we had lunch. Then we went to see the Praskoveevskie fonts. A font is a place on a rivulet flowing in a rocky bed. The river here formed peculiar fonts in the rocks, with an ice clean water... After wandering along the river, we went home to rest.
Praskoveevskie fonts
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The next day was devoted to a hike to the dolmens between the Nexis and Dolmen mountains. Arriving at the Lukoil gas station and leaving the car in the parking lot (44.544269, 38.147385).
This is an intermediate peak - Nexis and Dolmen are not visible from the parking lot.
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We ran across the highway, here you have to be careful - the traffic is very busy. A dirt road led up the hill. At first, with a slight incline and most of the cars passed, and then the incline rose sharply, the stones and gullies on the road became larger. It is possible to enter here only on an all-wheel drive vehicle, and even then not on every one. Part of the road passes through the forest, in which, after rain, ruts filled with water and mud remain on the road. The road is passable on foot, even in sneakers, only then they need to be cleaned of dirt. We went up to the Lunar dolmen.
Lunar dolmen.
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Inside the dolmen.
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People were located near it, and inside the man spent some healing procedures... According to legends, these domains have healing power... They were built in the pre-Christian era. After waiting for the end of the procedures, we examined the inside of the dolmen. A pattern was visible on the surface of one of the walls. The roof of the dolmen is also remarkable. Under influence natural forces it turned into a surface dotted with small craters. At another dolmen, a guy settled himself in a tent, probably he lived there - he meditated or was doing something else.
Roof of the Sunny Dolmen.
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Tourists are taken to dolmens on ATVs and jeeps, but their flow here is less than to other places with such objects. Then we climbed to the top of Nexis, admiring the views of the coast and mountains from it. At the top was an observation post (firing point) during the Second World War.
Gelendzhik in the distance.
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Remains of an observation post (firing point) during the Second World War.
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The way back ran honey agarics through dolmens and another peak of Dolmen.
View of the saddle and the Nexus from Dolmen.
// yury-iogan.livejournal.com
It was already easier to go down from it. As a result, we covered about 8 km in 3.5 hours, gaining an altitude difference of almost 400 m.
After dinner, we went for a swim in the direction of a wild beach in the north of Divnomorskoye. The seashore on the way to the wild beach was littered with heaps of rubbish: plastic, wood, iron - an unpleasant sight. Further, there is not much garbage. Before reaching the nudist beach, we stopped on the ledge of the coastline. The sea was agitated, and in this place there was shallow water, which was protected from waves by stones on the shallows. Swim, sunbathe. We watched how they fish using an underwater gun. One of the catchers scored 5 good fish in an hour.
The Black Sea coast of the Caucasus is called the Russian Riviera. It is on one geographic latitude with the Italian Riviera, Cote d'Azur France and the Golden Sands of Bulgaria. A relatively narrow strip of land between Anapa and Tuapse is located in extreme point northern zone of the subtropical belt.
The mountains and the warm Black Sea have shaped the unique nature of this fertile place. The Greater Caucasus influences the climate of the Black Sea coast. Between Taman and Anapa, it is closer to the temperate sea, in the area between Anapa and Tuapse it is Mediterranean, and from Tuapse towards Adler it is humid subtropical. The further south the coastal areas are located, the more plants and fauna typical for the subtropics are found.
The flora of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus
The warm climate, a large amount of rain and generous sun have created the most favorable conditions for the growth of plants, the list of which includes more than 6 thousand plant species.
Rich forests are a characteristic feature of the Caucasus Mountains. Most of the forests of the Krasnodar Territory are mountain forests. Broad-leaved oak forests grow up to an altitude of 600 m, and above (up to 1300 m above sea level) beech forests occupied a natural niche.
The foothills and middle mountains were occupied by oak, edible chestnut, linden, maple, hornbeam, evergreen shrubs. You can often find wild fruit trees with pears, Caucasian blueberries, cherry plums, dogwoods, wild grapes, hazel, cherries, apple trees, walnuts... To the south of Gelendzhik, typical subtropical plants also appear, including magnolias and palms.
Eastern beech, sycamore, hornbeam, yew, rock sycamore, maple, mountain ash, dwarf birch, Caucasian fir prefer higher marks. Even higher is the zone of subalpine meadows with anemones, lilies, cornflowers. Violets, sedges, meadows, mosses and lichens have climbed to the height of alpine meadows.
Millions of years ago, the Caucasus was an island cut off from the continent. Until now, relict and endemic trees and shrubs grow here. Among them there are very unusual ones: arbutus, silk acacia, iron tree... The evergreen strawberry tree does bear fruit with delicious red berries that resemble strawberries. Relic pines and junipers make a healthy contribution to the fresh sea air on the coastal strip, enriching it with phytoncides.
The gardens are home to cultivated pomegranates, peaches, apricots, figs, walnuts.
To appreciate the unique natural features of this region, you must definitely visit the Sochi National Park.
Fauna of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus
Two hundred years ago, the fauna of the Caucasus was rich and diverse. But the gross interference of man in the life of wildlife affected the most negatively. In 1924, on the northern slope of the Main Caucasian ridge, the Caucasian state reserve for the preservation and restoration of populations of the Caucasian deer, bison, tur, chamois, bear and pine marten. In 1983 it was awarded the status of "biosphere".
Currently, the number of species of fauna on the Black Sea coast is about 60. Wild boars, lynxes, jackals, leopards, roe deer, otters, chamois, tours and other animals live here.
The bird kingdom of the region has about 200 species. Among them there are interesting and endemic ones: dipper, black grouse, great buzzard, lamb eagle, zhelna, whiteness, horned lark. Alpine jackdaws, blackbirds and larks feel great here. Ular, she is a mountain turkey, chose impregnable rocks for life and nests.
Populations of cicadas, butterflies, praying mantises, large ground beetles, and fireflies are widespread. Reptiles and amphibians are few in number, with the exception of lizards. They are represented by newts, snakes, turtles. Red vipers, large toads and boas are rare species. Marine life - dolphins, jellyfish, stingrays, seahorses, shrimps.
Climate of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus
The inhabitants of the coast joke that their summer turns into a long autumn, and then into spring. You can swim on the Black Sea coast for almost 5 months a year. The temperature of sea water in summer is from 20 to 26 ° C, air temperature - up to 30 ° C. It rains frequently, but it is short, so most days are sunny.
On average, the temperature in the winter in the subtropical zone does not drop below 0 °. January is the time of the most severe storms at sea, but in February the silver acacia (mimosa), Voronov's snowdrop, bloom on the coast, and at the end of March, the Caucasian cyclamens. Considering that the beach can be replaced alpine skiing in Krasnaya Polyana, and the winter is mild here, rest on the Black Sea coast in the winter months has its own attractive aspects.
Black Sea coast of the Caucasus
The region covers the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus from Anapa to the border with Abkhazia. This is one of the most developed recreational areas in the country: here the total capacity of recreational enterprises is the highest in the country. The share of places in most of the district's enterprises significantly exceeds the share of the population. The enterprises of the region are focused on serving the population from other regions of the country, including the most distant ones - Siberian and Far Eastern. The all-Russian specialization of the region can be defined as health and wellness.
The area stretches along the coast and represents an almost continuous strip of resort cities and resort villages (Anapa, Tuapse, Sochi, Gelendzhik, etc.), connected by an electrified railroad, highways and flights of pleasure boats and motor ships. The district receives more than 5 million people a year, while the load is rapidly increasing.
There are large resort formations in the region. Among them, the leading position is occupied by Greater Sochi and Anapa. At the same time, the Black Sea-Caucasian region is one of the most promising areas for new recreational construction. After all, a significant part of the coast is still very poorly developed. In the future, a large construction is planned in the Gelendzhik area, this is the second Black Sea resort in Russia after Big Sochi.
On the territory of the district, therapeutic and health-improving cycles of recreational activities are most effectively implemented. The first of them is distinguished by a uniform distribution of vacationers throughout the year, the second has a pronounced seasonal outbreak - its characteristic swimming season (water temperature 18 ° and more) usually lasts from mid-May to late October. Winter is considered very mild along the entire coastline, and in this respect the region has no analogues in Russia. In contrast to other southern coastal regions, the Caucasian-Black Sea region is characterized by a significantly higher amount of precipitation.
The main recreational resources of the area are the sea and beaches. At the same time, their high development is currently characteristic only for the territory of resort cities - Big Sochi, Anapa, Tuapse and adjacent villages. A significant part of the Black Sea coast has not yet been developed.
There are large reserves of balneological resources on the territory of the region. Among the mineral springs, Matsesta waters are most intensively used - hydrogen sulfide sodium chloride waters of various mineralization and with various concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, containing lithium, nitrogen and a small amount of carbon dioxide. Medicinal mud resources are concentrated in the northern part of the region. For the purposes of resort treatment in Anapa and Gelendzhik, silt and silt-clay curative mud from the lake is used. Chemburgsky and imported mud from the lake. Golubnitsky.
On the territory of the Black Sea-Caucasian region, one recreational connection was formed - Big Sochi and several large plants - Anapa, Tuapse, Gelendzhik. One of the largest recreational connections in Russia - the resort agglomeration of Greater Sochi consists of six large recreational complexes (Lazarevskoye, Dagomys, Sochi, Matsesta, Khosta, Adler). They differ in their level of development and in the recreational functions they perform.
One of the largest airports in Russia is located in Adler, serving all the resorts of Greater Sochi. All resort formations are connected by sea passenger lines and suburban electric trains. In Greater Sochi, there is a single building base, a single network of trade and purchasing bases and material and technical supply bases, and common excursion grounds (Krasnaya Polyana, the Caucasian Reserve, etc.). The integrity of Greater Sochi is also manifested in the administrative formalization of territorial unity, which is secured by the existence of four lower administrative districts of the city of Sochi - Central, Lazarevsky, Adler and Khostinsky.
Greater Sochi belongs to the traditional recreational areas of the country; its development began in late XIX century, when the first summer cottages and boarding houses appeared here. Since 1902, the Matsesta resort began to operate. Already in 1919 the region of Sochi - Matsesta was declared a resort of all-Union significance. It was from this time that a new era began in Russia in the Soviet sanatorium construction. In Sochi, in the 1920s, the first Soviet sanatoriums were built - a sanatorium-hotel with 150 beds and " Mountain air"For 100 seats. In the 30s, the first regional planning was developed for one of the main and rapidly developing areas of the Sochi region - Matsesta. The capacity of the health resorts of the resort in the 30s in comparison with 1913 increased almost 9 times, from 10 thousand places in 1913 to 86 thousand in 1936.
Currently, Greater Sochi stretches for more than 140 km along the coastline. On its territory there are more than 50 sanatoriums, about 40 boarding houses and rest houses, numerous recreation centers and pioneer camps. First, it is the largest wellness complex the country, which annually passes about 3 million tourists, whose occupation system is dominated by the bathing and beach cycle of recreational activities. Secondly, it is one of the largest medical centers in Russia, the institutions of which annually receive more than 300 thousand people. Sanatorium-and-spa services have undergone significant development. The resort has 300 diagnostic and treatment rooms, 32 hydropathic clinics, 7 mud baths, 17 winter swimming pools, etc.
Medical institutions of Matsesta carry out huge works; the resort is equipped with 8 bathrooms and hydrotherapy facilities. Thirdly, it is the most important excursion center (over 2.5 million tourists). Fourthly, it is a large tourist and sports center (annually over 100 thousand people rest at tourist centers and sports camps). Many athletes (football players, cyclists, athletes, etc.) undergo pre-season training here. Fifth, it is a prominent cultural center of the country - film festivals are held here every year. At the same time, Greater Sochi is a place of short-term recreation for residents of the Krasnodar Territory, especially cities located far from the sea (Krasnodar, Maikop, Armavir, Kropotkin, etc.).
Recreational services are a leading sector of the economy, determining the emergence of new service enterprises, complementing specialized recreational enterprises. A large recreational and economic complex was formed and continues to develop here, in which more than 90% of the working population is already employed. Moreover, only medical staff in Greater Sochi - there are more than 28 thousand. The main part of the temporary population is made up of vacationers who arrived without vouchers (about 70%). Characteristically, of the total number of vacationers, about 60% arrive by plane and only 38% - by rail. The role of vehicles is insignificant (2%). About 77% of vacationers stay at the resort for more than 10 days. Unlike other seaside resorts in Russia, the territory of Greater Sochi is relatively little used for short-term rest.
The most important Natural resources used in Greater Sochi are climate, sea with beaches and mineral waters. Beach use is particularly challenging. Currently, Sochi has 22 city beaches designed for the simultaneous reception of 4.4 thousand people. However, in fact, their one-time workload reaches 9.5 thousand people. V last years work is underway to create artificial beaches; over 6 km of artificial beaches have been created between Tuapse and Adler. Within certain districts, the area of beaches is unevenly distributed: Lazarevskoye accounts for 20%, Dagomys - 2.2, Central Sochi - 32.3, Khostu - 1.5, Adler - 44%.
the black sea coast of the caucasus
The Black Sea coast of the Caucasus is the coastal strip of the Black Sea from Anapa to Batumi, which includes a group of resorts, resort villages and medical areas of the Krasnodar Territory, Abkhazia and Adjara. The strip is bounded from the west by the Black Sea, and from the north and east by the Caucasian mountain range and its spurs. Its length is more than 700 km, its narrowest point is at Novorossiysk and Kabardinka; to the north and south, the strip expands, reaching 40 km in the Anapa region, and 60 km near Sochi. The height of the Main Caucasian Ridge already in the Tuapse region exceeds 1500 m, in the Sochi region - 3000 m and further at Sukhumi rises to 4000 m, then decreasing to the south along the Suram ridge (1000 m) and again increasing to 2000 m in the Batumi region (Adjara the mountains).
The coastal landscape is varied. Due to the specifics geographic location the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus is divided into two large climatic zones: northern - from Anapa to Tuapse with features of a moderately warm climate of the Mediterranean type and southern - from Tuapse to Batumi with a climate of humid subtropics. Both of these areas (especially the northern one) are rich in sunshine. The number of hours of sunshine ranges from 2400 in Gelendzhik to 1930 in Sochi and Batumi. Protection from the effects of the continental climate (better in the southern part of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus) and the influence of the warm sea have a beneficial effect on natural conditions these areas, specifically different in different seasons of the year. Winters are mild with an absolute predominance of frost-free weather (average monthly temperatures of the coldest month turn out to be above 0 °, reaching 1-6 °). In the section between Novorossiysk and Tuapse, the streams of cold air breaking through the mountains cause strong and sometimes hurricane winds (bora), a sharp drop in temperature, heavy snowfalls, great sea waves, and glaciation.
Due to the well-pronounced marine climate features, day-to-day variability, as well as the amplitude of daily fluctuations in air temperature in winter, is insignificant.
During the entire warm period, conditions for various forms of climatotherapy and, in particular, aerotherapy are very favorable.
In June and October in the northern part of the coast, the equivalent effective temperature(EET) is less than 16 °. In the south of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, in July and August, there are frequent cases (up to 15%) when EET is above 23 °, leading to a state of thermal overheating, which requires enhanced ventilation of aerosolaria. The latter is especially necessary for heliotherapy in the midday hours, when a person's thermal sensation is largely determined by intense exposure. solar radiation, an equivalent increase in EET by 4-6 °.
Thalassotherapy conditions on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus are very favorable, especially from July to September. During this period, the frequency of occurrence of meteorological complexes characterizing comfortable conditions sea bathing, when the water temperature in the sea is above 20 °, and the sea state does not exceed 3 points, it is 80% everywhere.
In October, the frequency of occurrence of such complexes is most significant only in the southernmost resorts (Sukhumi and Batumi resort region), where it is more than 50%. However, the possibilities of thalassotherapy here are somewhat reduced by passing cyclones.
The large amount of precipitation, significant swampiness of Colchis, as well as the constant impact of evaporation from the sea, determine high humidity in the summer in the south of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. In combination with higher temperatures, this leads to a fairly frequent formation of humid tropical weather, which is one of the typical features of the humid subtropical climate. Being very hot and very humid, causing a feeling of stuffiness and making it difficult for sweat to evaporate from human skin, this weather is unfavorable for a number of diseases. In general, the climatic conditions of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus are favorable for climatotherapy throughout the year.
On the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus is located large group seaside resorts, mainly climatic. The exception is Sochi and Sukhumi, which, due to the presence of mineral springs, are climatic-balneological. Following is the short description the main resorts of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and Abkhazia from Anapa to Batumi.
The following resorts are located on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory.
Anapa- seaside and mud piedmont climatic, predominantly children's resort of the Mediterranean type, on the northeastern coast of the Anapa Bay of the Black Sea, 52 km from Novorossiysk and 33 km from the railway station. Tunnel of the North Caucasian railway. e. Summer is very warm, dry, with big amount sunny days (in July 23). Winters are mild (1 ° in January), short, windy, with strong northeast regions. The number of hours of sunshine per year is 2400. Annual precipitation is 420 mm. "Golden" beach with rare fine-grained sand. Aerogeliothalassotherapy and mud therapy are widely used. The resort has a large number of sanatoriums for children, pioneer camps, a large resort clinic and water and mud baths, rest houses, boarding houses, hotels.
Indications: non-tuberculous respiratory diseases, functional diseases of the nervous system, anemia, the consequences of poliomyelitis and diseases requiring mud therapy (organs of movement and support, peripheral nervous system, gynecological).
Kabardinka- a climatic seaside piedmont resort of the Mediterranean type, 14 km from Gelendzhik and 23 km from Novorossiysk. Summers are very warm (in August 24 °), a lot of sun, winters are mild (in January 3 °), but there are nord-osts, in which the temperature drops sharply. Beach, sea bathing, vine treatment. The resort has sanatoriums for children and teenagers, rest houses.
Indications: non-tuberculous respiratory diseases and functional diseases of the nervous system; pulmonary tuberculosis (for a children's sanatorium).
Gelendzhik- a climatic seaside piedmont resort of the Mediterranean type, 43 km south of Novorossiysk. The resort area occupies the entire coast of the beautiful oval, almost closed Gelendzhik Bay, including Tonky Cape (Solntsedar) and Tolsty Cape. Winters are very mild (in February 4 °), summers are warm (in August 24 °) with high recurrence of hot weather. Autumn is much warmer than spring. Precipitation is 800 mm per year, most of it falls in the winter half of the year. The sunshine lasts about 2400 hours a year. In winter, the northeast is frequent. The best climatic and landscape part of Gelendzhik is Thin Cape (Solntsedar). Sea breezes, freely passing through the cape, significantly moderate the summer heat, maintaining constant cleanliness and freshness of the air. Tuberculosis sanatoriums are concentrated here, including the children's bone tuberculosis sanatorium. Swimming-friendly beaches are located mainly on the Thin Cape. The main remedies are climatotherapy and sea bathing. In some sanatoriums, mud therapy is used. The resort has many sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses, a resort clinic.
Indications: tuberculosis of the lungs, bones, joints and glands (for tuberculosis sanatoriums); diseases of the respiratory system of a non-tuberculous nature, functional diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular diseases with circulatory failure not higher than IIA degree, obesity, gout, anemia. In sanatoriums with mud baths, concomitant diseases of the peripheral nervous system, organs of movement and gynecological diseases.
The resort area of Gelendzhik also includes the following resorts: Fake Gelendzhik is a small resort village, 12 km from Gelendzhik. The climatic conditions are the same as in Gelendzhik, but due to the high mountain range, the effect of the north-island is weaker. The beach is 18 m wide. Rest houses.
Dzhanhot - 15 km south of Fake Gelendzhik. Rich vegetation. Pine forest (over 100 hectares) and a wide beach. Rest houses.
Arkhipo-Osipovka is a resort village, 60 km south of Gelendzhik, with a convenient beach. The surroundings and slopes of the mountains are covered with rich vegetation. A sanatorium for patients with functional diseases of the nervous system and respiratory diseases of a non-tuberculous nature.
Dzhubga- climatic seaside resort and village, 77 km north-west. Tuapse. Sand beach. Holiday House.
Novo-Mikhailovskoe- climatic seaside resort and village, 53 km north-west. Tuapse, s sandy beach... The large sanatorium pioneer camp of the RSFSR "Eaglet".
Nebug- climatic seaside resort, 27 km north-west. Tuapse. Climate and nature of humid subtropics. The beach is made of small rolled pebbles. Sanatoriums and rest houses.
Golovinka- a climatic seaside resort, 49 km from Tuapse and 31 km from the village of Lazarevskoye. Climate of humid subtropics. The beach is made of fine, well-rolled pebbles. Sanatorium for patients with functional diseases of the nervous system and upper respiratory tract.
Sochi- see Sochi.
The following resorts are located on the territory of Abkhazia.
Leselidze- climatic seaside resort, 14 km north of Gagra and 48 km from Sochi. Climate and vegetation of humid subtropics. Sea bathing. Rest houses and sanatorium for children.
Gagra- a climatic seaside foothill resort of humid subtropics, 60 km from Sochi and 80 km from Sukhumi. Occupies a narrow coastal strip The Black Sea and the nearest slopes of the Gagrinsky ridge, which is steeply descending to the sea. The mountain slopes are covered with dense forest and cut by gorges, along which mountain rivers descend to the sea. Summers are very warm (in August 23 ") with a predominance of sunny weather, winters are mild (in January 6 °). Autumn is warmer than spring-Precipitation per year is 1410 mm. In July and August, with high humidity, it is stuffy. Sea bathing from May to October, and sometimes until the middle of November. In Gagra there are many sanatoriums, boarding houses, rest houses, a resort clinic.
Indications: functional diseases of the nervous system, diseases of cardio-vascular system with circulatory failure not higher than II A degree, non-tuberculous respiratory organs, metabolic disorders (obesity, gout), anemia.
Musser- a seaside climatic resort in the Gudauta region, 22 km from Gagra and 10 km from the Pitsunda cape, in the valley of the river. Musser. Climate and vegetation of humid subtropics. Fine sandy beach, gently sloping sea bottom, convenient for swimming. In Musser, it is warmer in winter compared to other resorts in Abkhazia.
Pitsunda- a climatic seaside resort on the Pitsunda Cape protruding far into the sea, 20 km south of Gagra. Climate of humid subtropics. A solid pine grove stretches like a ribbon along the seashore. Large boarding house, summer cottages and tourist centers. Sand and pebble beach.
Gudauta- a seaside foothill resort of humid subtropics, 37 km from Sukhumi and 43 km from Gagra. The climate is similar to that of Sukhumi (see below), but somewhat colder. Sea bathing from May to October. Sanatoriums and rest houses. The indications are the same as for the Gagra resort.
New Athos(Akhali-Afoni) - climatic foothill seaside resort, 28 km north-west. from Sukhumi and 62 from Gagra. Climate of humid subtropics. Located in a narrow coastal valley on terraces formed by the nearby mountains. Summers are warm (in August 24 °), winters are very mild (in January 6 °). The best time year - autumn. Sea bathing lasts from May to October. Sanatoriums, rest houses and a health resort clinic. The indications are the same as for Gagra.
Sukhumi- a climatic-balneological seaside resort in the subtropical zone, deep in the vast bay of the Black Sea. Summers are very warm (24 ° C in August) and humid; in July and August it is stuffy with little wind. Winter is very mild (in January 6 °), sunny, with a lot of precipitation. The best time of the year is autumn. The number of hours of sunshine per year is 2240. During the year, precipitation is about 1460 mm. In recent years, mineral springs of various chemical composition: drilling rig No. 1 with nitrogen-thermal (42 °) sulphate-chloride sodium-calcium water with a mineralization of 1.6 g / l; drilling rig No. 2 with low-hydrogen methane chloride sodium water with a mineralization of 15 g / l and a temperature of 29 °; drilling rig No. 3 with methane-nitrogen chloride sodium water with a salinity of 10.5 g / l and a temperature of 26 °; drilling rig No. 4 with nitrogen sulfate-chloride-hydrogen carbonate sodium water with a salinity of 1.27 g / l and a temperature of 39 °. Spring water is used mainly in the form of baths. In Sukhumi there is a branch of the Georgian Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy, a number of sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses and a resort clinic.
The indications are the same as for Gagra, as well as diseases of the organs of movement of a non-tuberculous nature, peripheral nervous system and gynecological.
Gulripshi- a resort located 9 km from Sukhumi and 3 km from the sea at an altitude of 120 m. The climate is similar to that of Sukhumi. A large sanatorium for patients with active forms of pulmonary tuberculosis.
The following resorts are located on the territory of the Adjara Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Makhiidzhauri, Green Cape, Tsikhis-Dziri, Kobuleti (see Batumi resort area).