Eurasia is the largest land mass on our planet. In area, it occupies more than 1/3 of the entire land area of the Earth. (fig. 164).
As well North America, Eurasia is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere relative to the equator. Its length from west to east is impressive: the mainland crosses not only the zero, but also the 180 ° meridian. For the most part Eurasia is located in the Eastern Hemisphere, and the extreme western and eastern parts enter the Western Hemisphere.
Eurasia, like North America, is crossed simultaneously by the Arctic Circle and the Northern Tropic, so it is located in all thermal and climatic zones of the Earth.
Eurasia is the only continent washed by the waters of all four oceans: in the east - Quiet, in the West - Atlantic, on South - Indian, in the north - Northern Arctic. The greatest influence on the nature of the continent is exerted by the warm currents of the Atlantic Ocean: North Atlantic and its offshoots reaching the Arctic Ocean. These extensions of the Gulf Stream cause significant rainfall and warm western part mainland, right up to Ural mountains... In winter, when frosts crackle in eastern Canada, at the same latitudes in Europe it is warm and the snow cover is unstable.
In the pacific warm current Kuroshio, which is called the "Japanese Gulf Stream", leads to an increase in air temperature and an increase in the amount of precipitation on the eastern coasts of Eurasia. Cold Somali the current in the Indian Ocean forms the dry and hot weather of the Arabian Peninsula, where the deserts approach the very ocean coast.
Arctic Ocean replenishes warm waters Atlantic and partly Pacific oceans, so it does not cool the land of the Northern Hemisphere. Thanks to this, there are no such low air temperatures as in Antarctica. Material from the site
Eurasia borders on other continents. She separates from Africa Strait of Gibraltar, Mediterranean Sea, Suez Canal and By the red sea from North America - Bering Strait. As a result, there is a similarity natural conditions neighboring continents.
Extreme points of Eurasia: in the north - Cape Chelyuskin, on South - Cape Piai, in the West - Cape Roca, in the east - Cape Dezhnev.
Due to its large size, the nature of Eurasia is very diverse and contrasting. Permafrost reigns in the north, and eternal summer in the south, a humid maritime climate prevails near the coasts of the seas and oceans, and in the inner parts of the continent there are waterless deserts.
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Lesson: Continents. Eurasia
Lesson: Geographical position Eurasia
1. Geographical position of Eurasia
Using the map, let's define the geographical position of Eurasia according to the plan:
Rice. 1. Geographical position of Eurasia
In which hemispheres is the mainland located?
a) Relative to the equator, the continent lies almost entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. The exception is the southern islands of the mainland.
b) Relative to the prime meridian - almost the entire continent is located in the Eastern Hemisphere, only the extreme west of Eurasia enters the Western Hemisphere.
What oceans wash the mainland?
From the north - the Arctic Ocean,
from the south - Indian, from the west - Atlantic,
from the east - the Pacific Ocean.
Location relative to other continents
Eurasia is bordered by many continents, which have a certain impact on it. The direct connection with Africa through the Suez Canal and with North America through the Berenga Strait was the reason for the similarities organic world these continents.
Rice. 2. Extreme points of the mainland
Eurasia - two parts of the world
Eurasia is formed by two parts of the world - Europe and Asia.
It is customary to draw a conditional border between them along the eastern foot of the Ural Mountains, along the Embe River, north coast The Caspian Sea and the Kumo-Manych depression. The sea border runs along the Azov and Black Seas, as well as the straits connecting the Black and Mediterranean Seas - this is the Bosphorus and Dardanelles.
(Find all the objects on the physical map of the mainland.)
2. Outlines of the coastline
Eurasia is distinguished by a strong indented coastline, especially in the west of the mainland.
The physical map of the continent shows that the Atlantic Ocean juts deep into the land, isolating the Scandinavian Peninsula. In the south of the mainland, they stand out for their size the Arabian and Hindustan peninsulas. They are washed by the Indian Ocean. There are few islands off the southern coast of Eurasia, the largest is Sri Lanka... The coastline of the mainland is noticeably indented in the east, it is washed by the Pacific Ocean. The marginal seas are separated from the Pacific Ocean by a chain of peninsulas (the largest is Kamchatka) and islands, the largest - Big Sunda... The Arctic Ocean, washing the mainland from the north, juts out shallowly into the land. The largest peninsulas are Kolsky, Taimyr, Chukotsky.
Rice. 3. Physical map Eurasia ()
3. Relief of Eurasia
Eurasia is the highest continent on Earth, its average height is about 830 meters. In Eurasia, fluctuations in altitude are especially great. The difference between the trough Dead sea and the highest peaks of the Himalayas exceed 9 meters.
The relief of Eurasia is extremely diverse, it contains some of the largest plains and mountain systems in the world: the East European Plain, West Siberian Plain, Tibetan Plateau.
Eurasia has the most high mountains on Earth - the Himalayas, with the highest peak in the world - Mount Chomolungma.
Rice. 4. Chomolungma
The Eurasian mountain systems of the Himalayas, Tibet, Hindu Kush, Pamir, Tien Shan and others form the largest mountainous region on Earth. This part of Eurasia is very active crust.
How can we explain the diversity of the relief of Eurasia? This is the result of the mutual action of internal and external relief-forming processes.
The territory of Eurasia, like a mosaic, is composed of platform blocks connected by fold belts of different ages. The most ancient are the East European, Siberian, Sino-Korean and South China platforms.
Plains and mountains created internal forces, constantly change their relief under the influence of external forces.
Landforms created by rivers are ubiquitous on the mainland: mountain slopes are dissected by gorges and canyons, plateau surfaces - by terraces.
The largest plains of Eurasia - the Great Chinese, Indo-Gangetic, Mesopotamian, West Siberian - are formed by river sediments - alluvium.
Rice. 6. Mesopotamian lowland
In the southeast and southwest of Eurasia - the Indochina Peninsula, in the Mediterranean, in the Caucasus, karst forms are widespread. Limestones that make up the surface are dissolved by water seeping into the rock mass. And bottomless abysses appear on the surface, and deep underground - caves, partitioned off by palisades of stalagmites and stalactites
Read § 43. Do some practical work:
V outline map Using the atlas map and lecture text, draw the features of the mainland coastline.
Eurasia- the largest continent of the Earth. Together with the islands, its area is 54.9 million km2 - 36.8% of the land. The mainland consists of two parts - Europe and Asia. At the same time, 4/5 of them are in Asia and 1/5 of them - in Europe - two parts of the world, which are traditionally distinguished as part of Eurasia. The names of these parts of the world originated in ancient times and mean, translated from the language of the Assyrians: “ Erebus "- west and" asu " - East. The border between them is drawn along the eastern foot of the Urals, the Embe River, the northern coast of the Caspian Sea, the Kumo-Manych depression, along the Azov, Black and Marmara Seas, the Bosphorus and Dardanelles.
The mainland is located in the Northern Hemisphere, the prime meridian crosses it in the west. Extreme points of the mainland: northern - Cape Chelyuskin (78º N), southern - Cape Piai (1º N), western - Cape Roka (9º W), eastern - Cape Dezhnev (170º W). The mainland is washed all oceans... The largest number of seas and large bays are located on its shores. The coastline is heavily indented. It is separated from Africa by the Suez Canal, from North America by the Bering Strait.
Due to the large extent of the mainland from north to south (8,000 km) and from west to east (16,000 km) nature is distinguished by a great variety and contrast: here are highest peak the world- Chomolungma (Everest - 8848 m) and deepest land basin- Dead Sea (395 m below sea level); cold point Northern Hemisphere - Oymyakon (-71 ºС) and sultry Mesopotamia; the rainiest place in the world - Cherrapunji (12,000 mm of precipitation per year) and areas of the Arabian Peninsula, where 44 mm of precipitation falls per year.
In addition, Eurasia contains largest lake in the world - the Caspian Sea, its area is 396,000 km2, as well as deepest freshwater in the world Lake- Baikal (depth 1637 m), on the territory of Eurasia was observed the most low temperature air(excluding Antarctica) in the Oymyakon region (Russia) -70 ° С.
Relief and minerals.
The diversity of the nature of Eurasia is associated not only with the peculiarities of the geographic position of the continent, its gigantic dimensions, but also with the extreme complexity of the structure of the earth's crust and the relief of the continent. The mainland is made up of the following platform: East European, Siberian, Sino-Korean, Indian, African-European, which lie at the base of extensive plains: East European, Central Siberian plateaus, Great China plateau, Deccan plateau and Arabian plateau.
Mountain formation took place in different folds. So, in the ancient Hercynian folding, the mountains of Central Europe and the Scandinavian mountains were formed. The Alpine folding formed the Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians, Caucasus, Kopetdag, Asia Minor and Iranian highlands, Pamir. Movement lithospheric plates continue to influence the formation of the relief: on the territory of the mainland there are two seismic belts- Pacific and Euro-Asian. There are many active volcanoes, especially in the Pacific belt.
(image size 3148x2087, 96dpi, 3.8 MB)
Lowlands located in the foothill troughs (Indo-Gangetic, Mesopotamian). 75% of the territory of Asia is plateaus, highlands and mountain ranges.
Eurasia is exceptionally rich minerals... WITH sedimentary rocks large reserves of oil (the Persian Gulf, the shelf of the North Sea, the Arabian Peninsula) and gas (the Great Plain of China, the Indo-Gangetic Lowland) are associated. With magmatic rocks deposits of iron ores are connected (the Indian subcontinent, China, the Scandinavian peninsula). A tin-tungsten belt stretches across southern China, the Indochina peninsula, and Malacca. Non-ferrous metal ores occur in the mountains of the Alpine-Himalayan belt and on the Deccan plateau. Bauxites are of sedimentary origin (Alps, Indochina).
Inland waters.
The territory of Eurasia belongs to basins of all oceans... The central part of the mainland (40% of the area) - to the area of internal flow. Most rivers Overseas Europe- to the basin of the Atlantic Ocean, they differ in types of food and regime. The rivers of the western part of Foreign Europe (Thames, Seine, Loire) are mainly fed by rain, and are full-flowing all year round; Zarubezhnaya river of Eastern Europe(Neman) have a mixed or snow and rain food, they spill in the spring and freeze in the winter; Mediterranean rivers become shallow in summer, full in winter.
The rivers of the Arctic Ocean basin are dominated by snow supply. They freeze in winter and overflow in spring. Rivers of the southern part Overseas Asia(Indus, Ganges, Tigris, Euphrates) refer to the basin Indian Ocean... They have a mixed - glacial, rain, snow (with a predominance of rain) nutrition, summer floods. The rivers of the Pacific Ocean basin (Yellow River, Yangtze), due to the monsoon type of climate, are fed by rain and flood throughout the year. The Mekong River is similar in regime and nutrition to the rivers of the southern part of Asia. In the northwest of Europe there are many large lakes of glacial and glacial tectonic origin (Venern, Vettern). Accumulations of lakes are also found in the foothills of the Alps (Geneva, Zurich, Constance).
Eurasia is the largest continent on the planet, occupying 1/3 of the entire land mass. This is the only continent on Earth, which is washed from all sides by the waters of the World Ocean; its coastline is heavily indented, and a large number of tiny and very large peninsulas. The focus of our article is on the features of the geographical location of Eurasia.
General information
The size of Eurasia is impressive: total area the continent is 54 million square meters. km, and the islands belonging to him occupy an area of 3.45 million square meters. km.
Eurasia is a very large continent that occupies almost the entire Northern Hemisphere. It also captures a small part of the Southern Hemisphere with its adjoining islands. The length of Eurasia from west to east is 18 thousand km, and from north to east - 8 thousand km.
Due to its impressive size and great length, Eurasia has all climatic zones and natural zones that successively replace each other. Thanks to this, the nature of the mainland is different amazing variety: here are the lands shackled eternal ice, dense taiga forests, endless steppes, sultry deserts and humid equatorial jungles.
Rice. 1. The nature of Eurasia.
Historically, the giant mainland is usually divided into two parts of the world: Asia and Europe. Despite the fact that there is no contrasting difference between them, they are separated by a conditional border passing along the ridges of the Ural Mountains, the coasts of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, through the Bosphorus and Gibraltar straits.
Eurasia is unevenly divided into parts of the world: Europe occupies only 20% of the mainland's land surface.
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Eurasia and the World Ocean
Eurasia is the only one of six continents the globe, which is washed from all sides by ocean waters.
- The northern coast of the mainland is bordered by the Arctic Ocean.
- The southern shores are washed by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean.
- The East belongs to the Pacific Ocean.
- The western coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean.
Rice. 2. The Arctic Ocean.
Eurasia is connected with Africa via the Suez Canal, and the mainland is connected to North America thanks to the small Bering Strait.
The western region of Eurasia is characterized by a pronounced indented coastline. In Europe, the maximum distance from the sea coast is about 600 km. The interior regions of Asia, due to their large size, are far from the seas at a much greater distance - up to 1500 km. On no other mainland, no region is located so far from the sea coast.
Extreme points of the mainland
The exploration of the continent by courageous travelers and explorers made it possible to find out the exact geographical position of Eurasia, create accurate maps and come to the realization that open vast territories represent a single continent of immense dimensions.
Due to its relatively small size and high density population of Europe was quickly mastered. The situation was different with Asia, which for many years remained a mystery to European researchers. Later, the rest of the regions was developed in the North of Eurasia, which for a long time frightened travelers off with its harsh climate.
The extreme points of the Eurasian continent include:
- North - Cape Chelyuskin (77 ° 43 ′ N), located on the Taimyr Peninsula.
- South - Cape Piai (1 ° 16 ′ N) in Malaysia.
- West - Cape Roca (9 ° 31 ′ W), located in Portugal.
- East - Cape Dezhnev (169 ° 42 ′ W) on the Chukchi Peninsula.
The topic of the lesson "Geographical position of Eurasia"
Lesson objectives:
- teaching: to contribute to the formation of an idea of the physical and geographical position of Eurasia, to acquaint students with the history of the discovery and exploration of the continent;
- developing: practicing students' skills in group work and work with a textbook;
- educational: the formation of a culture of communication when working in a group; development of students' communication skills through the compilation of speech statements.
Equipment: textbook, atlas, outline map, interactive whiteboard, presentation for the lesson made in PowerPoint
Lesson type: obtaining new knowledge.
Lesson structure.
Organizational stage.
Knowledge update.
Learning new material.
Consolidation of knowledge.
Lesson summary.
Reflection.
Homework.
During the classes.
Organizing time(1 slide)
1. Greetings, mental attitude.
-Hello guys. I am delighted to welcome you.
2. Checking the readiness of students for the lesson.
- Check if everything is on your desk: textbook, notebook, atlas, outline map.
II ... Knowledge update
Teacher: Guys at the beginning of our lesson I tell youI propose to make virtual travel, which your classmate Valeria prepared for us, but before we hit the road, let'sremember what is called the continent (continent)?
Answer:
Continents are large areas of land, surrounded on all sides by the ocean.
Teacher: What continents do you know? Show them on the map.
At: Continents: Africa, Australia, South America, North America, Antarctica, Eurasia.
III ... Learning new material
Teacher : Remembered. Now let's go.be careful(1 slide)
(The student shows several slides about the unique wonders of nature.)
Natural staircase gigantic in size, leading to the sea (Giants' Bridge); 2 slide
This unique lake is located in Southern Siberia (Lake Baikal); 3 slide
This ancient forest in northeastern Poland has stood for over 500 years ( Belovezhsky forest); 4 slide
Famous area of the Mediterranean coast. These sites are vital for the breeding and feeding of many animals, including semi-wild white horses (Camargue); 5 slide
A cascade of snow-white mountain lakes in the region of Western Turkey. (Pamukkale); 6 slide
Teacher:On which continent are these unique places located? 7 slide
Have: On the mainland Eurasia
Teacher : It is true, and today in the lesson we will begin our acquaintance with the peculiarities of one of the continents of the planet - Eurasia
Teacher : Where do we start exploring the continent?
Have: From the geographic location of the mainland
Teacher: What is geographic location
At: Geographic location is the location relative to the equator and other major lines. degree network, length from north to south and from west to east, position relative to the oceans and other continents.
Teacher: Quite right. Well done!
Teacher: This is the “address” of a geographic object by which it can be found on Earth.
The topic of our lesson: "Geographical position of the continent of Eurasia"8 slide
Teacher: Guys, let's try to formulate the purpose of our lesson,
(What is our goal? What should you and I do in the lesson?)
Have: The purpose of our lesson is to determine the features and describe the GP of the Eurasian continent. Teacher: That is, we must answer the question “What are the features of the geographical position of the Eurasia continent”?
Teacher: Why we consider this question first when studying the continent
At:The features of the nature of the continent, the climate, natural areas
Teacher Today in the lesson we will swami work in groups. On the tables you have “ Waybill- exercise". It contains questions that you must answer. Each group has different questions, so be careful when I ask questions. You will write down the answers in a notebook. When answering questions, you must use sources of information. What sources of information do you have on your desk? (textbook item 17, atlas, encyclopedia "Continents and oceans."
"Waybill" Appendix No. 1
Protection of the results of activities.
After the allotted time for this work, each group presents their work. Students of other groups listen to answers, ask clarifying questions, correct mistakes, express their opinion. Compare their results with those of other students. Self-control is carried out.
Have: Teacher questions:
How is the mainland located in relation to the equator, the tropics, the polar circles and the prime meridian? (group 1, 1 question).
Determine the position of the mainland relative to the equator, prime meridian, tropics, polar circles. Make a conclusion.
Equator: the equator does not cross the mainland
About the prime meridian:the prime meridian crosses the mainland in the west,
hence, the mainland is located in both the western and eastern hemispheres. Most of
lies in the eastern hemisphere.
Tropics:the mainland is crossed by the northern tropic and the arctic circle
Compare the area of Eurasia with the areas of other continents. Determine what part of the Earth's area is Eurasia (percentage). Make a conclusion about the size of the mainland . (group2, question 1)
Compare the area of Eurasia with the areas of other continents. Determine how much of the Earth's area is Eurasia. Make a conclusion about the size of the mainland
Eurasia is the greatest continent in the world. It takes up 1/3 of all land. Eurasia is equal in area to Africa and North America combined... 10 slide
Africa + North America = Eurasia;
30,3 24,2 54,5 11slide
Land area - 149 million km 2 , the area of Eurasia - 54 million km 2 .
54: 149 = 0.36 or 36%.
Conclusion: Eurasia is the largest continent on the planet. Large dimensions determine the diversity of the continent's nature.)
Which parts of the world make up Eurasia?(group1, question 2)
Which parts of the world make up Eurasia? Where did the name of Europe and Asia come from?
Asia -
, part of the world, which is part of the continent of Eurasia. Occupies largest site Eurasia, lies to the eastefrom Europe.12 slide
Europe
- part of the world,occupying westernpart of mainland Eurasia
4. Where is the border between Europe and Asia?(group 3, question 2)
The border between Europe and Asia is 5100 km long. This border - a conditional line - runs along the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains, along the Embe River, the northern coast of the Caspian Sea, the Kumo-Manych depression to the north of the Caucasus, then along the Azov and Black Seas and the straits between the Black and Mediterranean Seas.
Name extreme points mainland, show them on the map.
5. Name and show on the map the northern and southern extreme points of the mainland. Determine their coordinates. Determine the extent of Eurasia in degrees and kilometers from north to south. (1 = 111.3 km). Make a conclusion.(group3, question 1)
North point:Cape Chelyuskin 77 ° 43 with. NS. 104 ° 18 v. etc.
South point:Cape Piai 1 ° 16 with. NS.103 ° 30 v. etc. 13 slide
The extent of Eurasia from north to south
77 ° 43 - 1 ° 16 = 76 ° 27 14 slide
76 111.3 = 8458.8 (km)
Conclusion: By the length of the mainland, both from North to South and from the Westto the East, we can talk about its gigantic size.
6. Name and show on the map the western and eastern extreme points of the mainland. Determine their coordinates. Determine the extent of Eurasia in degrees and kilometers from west to east. (1 = 80.4 km). Make a conclusion. (group 4, question 1)
West point:Cape Roca 38 ° 48 with. NS. 9 ° 31 h. etc. 15 slide
East point:Cape Dezhnev 66 ° 5 with. NS.169 ° 40 h. etc.
The extent of Eurasia from west to east
9 ° 31 + 180 ° + (180 ° - 169 ° 40 ) = 199 ° 51 16 slide
199 80.4 = 15999.6 (km)
Conclusion: Eurasia has the greatest extent from west to east. This is reflected in the shift climatic conditions, types of climates.
7 ... Determine in which climatic zones the mainland is located. Make a conclusion.(group 1, question 3 ) 17 slide
The mainland lies in all climatic zones:A, CA, U, ST, T, SE, E. The following conclusion can be drawn,that the nature of the continent is very diverse: from cold snowy deserts to equatorial forests.
8. Name and show on the map the oceans and seas washing the shores of Eurasia in the west and in the north.(group 3, question 3) 18 slide
9. Take a trip around the map. Name and show on the sea map,
washing the shores of Eurasia in the east and south... (group 4, question 2)
10 What is the difference between the coastline of Europe and Asia? Make a conclusion... (group 2, question 2)
What is the difference between the coastline of Europe and Asia? Make a conclusion.
(The coastline is most indented in the west.)18 slide
Conclusion: many bays, important for the use of sea transport.
11. Take a trip around the map.
Name and show on the map the major peninsulas of Eurasia.? (group 2, question 3)
(Scandinavian, Kola, Taimyr, Chukchi, Kamchatka, Korea, Indochina, Malacca, Hindustan, Arabian, Asia Minor, Balkan, Apennine, Iberian)19 slide
11... Determine how the mainland is located relative to other continents
(group 4, question 3) .
Africa and North America are located closer to Eurasia.
They are separated from Eurasia by: the Strait of Gibraltar, the Mediterranean Sea, the Suez Canal, the Red Sea, the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait; Bering Strait.
The most remote continents: Antarctica, South America, Australia.
Eurasia is the continent on which we live
IV ... Consolidation of knowledge.
Teacher: So we have completed our journey with you across the continent of Eurasia.I propose to answer the question that was asked at the beginning of the lesson: "What are the features of the geographical position of the Eurasian continent?"
Student responses : Eurasia lies entirely in the northern hemisphere. The mainland is located on either side of the prime meridian. This is the first continent in terms of area. Washed by the Atlantic, Indian, Arctic and Pacific oceans... Eurasia is located close to the continent of Africa and North America. It has an advantageous geographical position.
Lesson summary
Teacher: So guys, let's summarize our lesson.What in the lesson we are with youstudied?
At: In the lesson, we studied the continent of Eurasia, determined its geographical position
V ... Reflection.
Teacher: The bell will ring soon
It's time to finish the lesson.
Our work ends for today.
There are feedback sheets on your desks. Look at the phrases and choose the most meaningful for you. Share your impressions of the work in the lesson.
(Student responses)
Lesson grades Everyone did a good job. Yes, but there were difficulties, but still the most active were ……… I would like to acknowledge the work of …….
Vii ... Homework:
Paragraph 17, page 85. In the contour map, page__________ mark the geographical objects.