Salt baths are necessarily present in the health-improving course of each sanatorium. Possessing a wide range of indications, they have firmly entered the world practice of spa therapy, earning popularity and recognition from both doctors and patients. The exact medical definition of this procedure is sodium chloride baths.
So, what are sodium chloride baths can be understood based on their common name "salt baths". This is a type of mineral bath, the waters of which are saturated with active sodium and chlorine ions. The concentration of salts in such baths reaches 60 g / l.
Pure sodium chloride solutions are not found in nature. Among the mineral waters of natural springs, waters with the lowest content of other minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium, etc.) are used, in addition to the dominant elements - chlorine and sodium, which can actively act due to the extremely small amount of other impurities.
Most of the sodium chloride baths are prepared artificially, by dissolving salt in warm fresh water - table, stone or sea salt. Usually, 2 to 5 kilograms of salt are added to a bath with a volume of 200 liters of water (temperature 36-38 degrees), it turns out salt bath medium or high concentration.
Sea salt, enriched with iodine, bromine, iron, potassium and other trace elements, gives the sodium chloride bath additional medicinal properties... Baths with a saline solution from the Dead Sea are especially distinguished, which has the highest sulfide content of all salts, as well as such useful elements as magnesium, copper, zinc, cobalt. Such baths are an excellent way to treat all types of skin diseases (including psoriasis), as well as disorders of the female genital area.
The main factors of the therapeutic effect of sodium chloride baths are both common for all balneological procedures - the temperature and hydrostatic effects of water, and special ones, which should be discussed in more detail. Sodium chloride ions are deposited on the patient's skin, forming a kind of microfilm that stimulates dehydration of the skin.
It helps to remove excess fluid from the body, relieving swelling and congestion. The skin is rejuvenated under the influence of salt, regeneration processes are accelerated in it, therefore, rinse fresh water after taking salt baths is not recommended.
The high concentration of salt in sodium chloride baths provides them with a high heat capacity, the difference in performance of which in comparison with ordinary fresh baths reaches 30 percent or more. The temperature factor actively affects the blood vessels, causing them to expand and stimulating the acceleration of blood flow. As a result, the work of the heart muscle is facilitated (due to an increase in diastole), the flow of venous blood to the heart increases, and the oxygen saturation of the blood becomes more intense.
Peripheral circulation develops noticeably - in particular, venous insufficiency in the legs is replenished with a moderate increase in blood pressure. This beneficial thermal effect in salt baths is further enhanced by sodium chloride, which irritates the skin receptors. The beneficial effect is expressed in strengthening the nerve fibers adjacent to skin, the development of the stratum corneum and malpighian layers of the epidermis.
The therapeutic effect of sodium chloride baths has a positive effect on work. internal organs and body systems: the activity of the sympathetic-adrenal system, adrenal glands, autonomic nervous system, metabolic processes are stimulated, immunity is increased, inflammation, edema are relieved, desensitization is enhanced. The general effect of sodium chloride baths is replenishment of the energy balance, strengthening the tone of the body.
The list of indications for sodium chloride baths is very wide: vegetative-vascular dystonia, rheumatic heart disease, hypertension up to stage 2, hypotension, coronary heart disease, myocardial dystrophy, varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, arthritis, polyarthritis, spondylosis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammation of the genitourinary system , post-traumatic conditions, sciatica, neurasthenia, dystonia, neurosis, insomnia, etc.
Treatment with sodium chloride baths is carried out in a course of 15-20 procedures. Taking a bath should last no more than 20 minutes. The recommended bathing regimen is daily, in the afternoon.
Sodium chloride baths - the most common type of mineral water, the source of which is the seas, estuaries, salt lakes and underground springs. They constitute the bulk of the terrestrial and occupy more than 70% of the world's territory.
Distinguish between waters:
- sodium chloride (less often calcium-sodium) with mineralization from 2 to 35 g / dm 3;
- sodium chloride and sodium-calcium brines with salinity from 35 to 350 g / dm 3;
- chloride calcium-sodium, calcium, less often calcium-magnesium ultra-strong brines with mineralization from 350 to 600 g / dm 3.
Thermal action chloride sodium water is more pronounced than fresh. The heat flux into the body from such a bath is 1.5 times higher than from the same fresh temperature. The absorbed heat leads to the expansion of the superficial vessels of the skin and increases its blood flow 1.2 times more than fresh water. In the formation of hyperemia, biologically active substances (prostaglandins, bradykinin, etc.) and local neuroreflex reactions, released under the action of sodium chloride water, play an essential role. In such baths, heat transfer by evaporation is significantly reduced.
The high osmotic pressure created by sodium chloride water causes dehydration of the skin, which significantly changes the physicochemical properties of the cellular elements of the skin and the receptors embedded in it. With a change in the ionic microenvironment, the excitability and conductivity of the nerve conductors of the skin decreases, as well as tactile and pain sensitivity. This effect is also observed after taking a bath, as sodium chloride, crystallizing, leaves on the skin the thinnest salt shell ("salt coat").
In the balneotherapeutic plan (but in terms of clinical and physiological action), from a wide range of sodium chloride waters existing in nature, waters with a mineralization not exceeding 80 g / dm 3 are used for medicinal purposes. In this case, sodium chloride waters in the range from 10 g / dm 3 (threshold concentration) to 80 g / dm 3 are divided into three groups: water of low concentration - from 10 to 20 g / dm 3; average concentration - from 20 to 40 g / dm 3 and high concentration - from 40 to 80 g / dm 3; below the upper limit, the onset of the damaging action can be observed in animal skin tissues. Water with an average concentration of 20-40 g / dm 3 can be considered optimal for most diseases. Of the range of these concentrations, in practice, 30 g / dm 3 is most often used.
Sodium chloride baths have an anti-inflammatory and desensitizing, and as a consequence, an analgesic effect of patients with degenerative and other joint lesions as a result of the stimulating effect of baths on the functions of various organs and systems and their beneficial effect on adaptive mechanisms and mechanisms of sanogenesis. Sodium chloride baths have a beneficial effect on the functional state of the cardiovascular system in patients with neurocirculatory dystonia of hypotonic mud, hypertension, rheumatic heart defects in adults and children, etc. The positive effect of these baths on a number of indicators of the functional state of the central nervous system and hemodynamics (REG, oscillography) is much more pronounced in comparison with the widely used carbon dioxide, radon and sulfide baths.
Treatment with sodium chloride baths helps to increase the systolic volume of the heart and reduce the total peripheral resistance. At the same time, in most patients, there are no pronounced changes in intracardiac hemodynamics according to the phase structure of the cardiac cycle, as well as changes in the function of automatism, excitability or conductivity of the myocardium. In patients with chronic venous insufficiency, baths reduce the blood coagulation capacity, helping to increase the function of the anticoagulant system.
Healing effects - analgesic, vasodilator, metabolic, immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory, secretory and coagulo-correcting.
Indications - diseases of the cardiovascular system (neurocirculatory dystonia for cardiac and hypertensive types, hypertension I-II stages, rheumatic heart defects, initial symptoms of atherosclerosis, chronic venous insufficiency, post-thrombotic and varicose diseases, Raynaud's disease), diseases of the musculoskeletal system (rheumatic and infectious-allergic polyarthritis, damage to ligaments, tendons, bones, deforming osteoarthritis), diseases and the consequences of damage to the peripheral nervous system (plexitis, radiculitis), chronic inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs, skin diseases (psoriasis, neurodermatitis, scleroderma), chronic pyelonephritis without exacerbation, chronic pancreatitis, hypothyroidism, obesity I-II degree, gout, vibration disease.
Contraindications - autonomic polyneuropathy, thrombophlebitis in the initial stage, chronic renal failure II-III stages.
Natural sources are numerous and varied. Among the resorts with such oxen: Staraya Russa, Usolye (Russia), Odessa, Mirgorod, Morshin, Slavyansk (Ukraine), Druskininkai (Lithuania), Salsomaggiore Terme, Ischia (Italy), Wiesbaden (Germany), Glenwood Springe (USA) , Atami (Japan), etc. Mineralization of natural sodium chloride waters ranges from 2 to 35 g / dm 3 and higher. They are also used in numerous hydropathic establishments opened in the areas of boreholes. V medicinal purposes use concentrated sea water of estuaries or salt lakes (brine baths). In addition, sodium chloride water is easy to prepare artificially.
Artificial baths prepared in a concentration of 10-40 g / dm 3. To prepare baths, 3-5 kg of table salt are poured into a canvas bag or a special sieve. The bag is suspended on a tap and hot water is passed through it until the salt is completely dissolved; the sieve is placed in a bath under running water.
Methodology. Baths of natural and artificially prepared sodium chloride water with a temperature of 35-38 ° C are carried out for 10 to 20 minutes, every other day. Course 12-15 baths. Before carrying out the bath, a cold solution is poured into a container with a hot sodium chloride solution. fresh water until the set temperature is obtained. The patient is immersed in the bath to the level of the nipples. After the bath, the patient dabs the body with a towel (without rubbing), wraps the body with a sheet and rests for 15-20 minutes. Along with baths, sodium chloride water is used for vaginal irrigation, rinsing, and rinsing.
Sodium chloride baths are combined with gas (oxygen, nitrogen), mineral (iodine-bromine), mineral-gas (,) and.
Sodium chloride water very common, used mainly in the form of general baths. The minimum concentration of sodium chloride in them is 8-10 g / l, the optimum is 30-40 g / l, the maximum allowable for mass use is 60-70 g / l. Individually allowed to prescribe brine with a concentration of up to 150 g / l in good condition of the skin and cardiovascular system.
As studies by VT Olefirenko (1980) have shown, general sodium chloride baths have a slight tonic effect on the central nervous system, normalize vascular tone, and improve capillary blood flow. Physiological and therapeutic effects depend on the salt concentration. Baths with a low threshold salt content during treatment do not affect the function of the adrenal cortex, baths with a concentration of 50 g / l clearly stimulate it.
During the procedures, some of the salts are absorbed through the skin, and some are deposited on the skin, forming a "salt coat" that irritates nerve receptors. In addition, at a salt concentration above 60 g / l during treatment, damage to the morphological elements of the skin begins (V.V. Soldatov, 1966, 1969), which determines the maximum permissible salt concentration during the course of these baths.
Sodium chloride baths have anesthetic, anti-inflammatory and desensitizing effect and are indicated for arthritis, polyarthritis, tendovaginitis, radiculitis, neurocirculatory dystonia, neuroses, hypotension.
A contraindication for treatment with highly mineralized sodium chloride waters is atherosclerosis (the activity of lipolytic enzymes is inhibited). We consider it inappropriate to use these waters for hypertension, given the penetration of salts into the body through the skin.
Close to sodium chloride are sea and brine baths, however, in the latter, a set of various salts acts on the body, among which it is necessary to distinguish sodium and magnesium chlorides, magnesium, calcium and potassium sulfates, magnesium bromide, iodine salts. Sea water and brine estuaries contain many biologically active microelements: iron, copper, manganese, phosphorus, arsenic, silicon, zinc, iodine, etc. The waters of the oceans and seas are alkaline (pH up to 8.5). In seawater, gases are also dissolved in small amounts: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide. It should be remembered that the salt content of natural seawater varies significantly depending on the location of the resort. The closer the resort is to the mouths of large rivers, the more desalinated the sea water is, the less salts it contains. In the area of the Riga seaside and in the Sea of Azov, the concentration of salts in seawater drops to 11 -12 g / l, in the Odessa region it is 15-17 g / l, near the coast of the Crimea and the Caucasus - 17-19 g / l, in ocean water - about 35-37 g / l. Taking into account the low concentration of salts in the seawater of most of our resorts and the presence of a number of useful microelements sea baths are prescribed to a wider range of patients than sodium chloride. In particular, they are used in patients with stage I and II hypertension and kidney disease. Sea baths are more sedative than sodium chloride baths. They can be used in the initial period of atherosclerosis development. Otherwise, the indications and contraindications are similar to those developed for sodium chloride baths. In addition, sea water is used for rinsing, irrigation, dousing, rubbing, inhalations, showers.
At seaside resorts seawater is often the basis for the preparation of artificial oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen and radon baths... Indications for their use correspond to those for natural carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen and radon baths, taking into account the difference in concentration.
Artificial sea baths can be prepared with different salt concentrations - from 10 to 20 g / l. The content of all salts in the brine of estuaries usually exceeds 50 g / l, but it can fluctuate depending on the meteorological conditions of the year: in dry years it increases, in rainy years it decreases. Often, before preparing the baths, brine is diluted with fresh or low-mineralized water.
Indications and contraindications for the use of brine baths are the same as for concentrated sodium chloride baths.
V different locations our country has sources iodine-bromine waters... Salts of iodine and bromine are always found in salty, mainly sodium chloride waters, often in high concentrations. For example, at the Ust-Kachka resort, the total mineralization of iodine-bromine water reaches 271.2 g / l. The amount of iodine and bromine in the waters various sources it can be from a few milligrams per liter to hundreds of milligrams, bromine, as a rule, is more. There are no natural iodine waters without bromine salts. Bromine waters may not contain iodine salts.
Iodine-bromine baths with iodine concentration over 10 mg / l and bromine concentration over 25 mg / l have gained some popularity in recent decades. At a number of resorts there are sources of natural iodine-bromine waters (Nalchik, Ust-Kachka, Goryachy Klyuch, Chartak, Surakhany, etc.), they are also prepared artificially.
The mechanism of action of iodine-bromine baths should be considered in inextricable link with the action of sodium chloride waters, since in natural and artificial conditions iodine-bromine sodium chloride baths are used.
Iodine enters the body from water through the skin (L. I. Goldenberg, E. V. Utekhin, 1968; I. 3. Wolfson, 1973). Most authors believe that bromine salts also pass through the skin (VT Olefirenko, 1978; TV Karachevtseva, 1980). Salt plaque on the skin, containing iodine and sodium chloride, persists for several hours and affects the skin neuroreceptor fields.
Under the influence of iodine-bromine chloride-sodium baths, the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the blood increases in patients, impaired blood coagulability normalizes, the content of p-lipoproteins of low density decreases (L.I. Goldenberg, 1960; R.I. Morozova, 1960; E.V. Krutovskaya, 1961; R.G. Murashev, 1970, etc.). Many researchers note an improvement in peripheral blood flow, normalization of vascular tone, pulse, a decrease in high blood pressure, positive changes in the ECG and BCG after using these baths (I.G. Horoshavin, 1960; R.F.Barg, 1960; L.A. Kozlova , R. G. Murashev, 1967; E. V. Iosifova, F. I. Golovin, S. I. Dovzhinsky, 1968; R. I. Morozova, 1969; E. V. Korenevskaya et al., 1978). They have a stimulating effect on the function of the thyroid gland (V.P. Masenko, G. B. Tsinkalevsky, 1967; E. V. Iosifova, F. I. Golovin, S. I. Dovzhinsky, 1968), have a positive effect on the impaired function of the ovaries (E. V. Korenevskaya et al., 1978). As a result of treatment iodine-bromine baths the processes of inhibition in the central nervous system are enhanced, the vegetative-vascular asymmetries are leveled, the temperature and electrical conductivity of the skin are normalized, tactile and pain sensitivity decreases.
There is reason to believe that iodine-bromine waters, especially during repeated courses of treatment, have an inhibitory effect on the development of the atherosclerotic process (I. Z. Wolfson, 1973), enhance the body's immunobiological reactions, and activate phagocytosis. At the same time, there is evidence that their use in some cases may increase the body's allergic reactions. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal action natural iodine-bromine waters (IF Fedotov, NI Feodosiadi, 1969).
Indications for the use of iodine-bromine sodium chloride baths:
- 1) diseases of the cardiovascular system (atherosclerosis obliterans I and II stages; obliterating endarteritis (thrombangitis) stages I and II during remission; hypertension stages I and II in the absence of vascular crises; myocardial or atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis with circulatory disorders of I stage without seizures angina pectoris);
- 2) diseases of the musculoskeletal system (deforming osteoarthritis; benign forms of degenerative-dystrophic polyarthritis; rheumatoid polyarthritis with minimal or moderate process activity; post-traumatic arthritis; chronic benign spondyloarthritis and spondyloarthritis);
- 3) diseases of the nervous system (cerebral atherosclerosis of I and II degrees; diseases of the peripheral nervous system: radiculitis, radiculoneuritis, polyradiculo-neuritis, both spondylogenic and infectious or toxic origin during remission; neuroses);
- 4) gynecological diseases (chronic gynecological inflammatory diseases, accompanied by disorders of the ovarian-menstrual cycle, infertility; functional ovarian failure, primary infertility, climacteric syndrome);
- 5) skin diseases (limited eczema; lichen scaly; neurodermatitis);
- 6) metabolic disorders and endocrine diseases (mild forms of thyroid dysfunction, especially hypofunction; grade I obesity; gout).
In addition to general contraindications to balneotherapy, iodine-bromine chloride-sodium baths are contraindicated in patients with severe forms of joint damage, septic forms of infectious nonspecific polyarthritis with a pronounced progressive course.
Baths are prescribed daily or every other day, the duration of the procedures is 10-20 minutes, for the course - 15-20 baths. Repeated courses of treatment are recommended after 6-12 months.
Sodium chloride baths got their name from the main chemical elements that are part of the salt used to prepare the baths - sodium chloride. By the way, ordinary table salt that we eat is also in its own way chemical composition is sodium chloride. In addition to the indicated elements (sodium and chlorine), salt for preparing such baths may contain a certain amount of iodine or bromine. The healing effect of home-made sodium chloride baths is used for diseases such as sciatica, neuralgia, and gout. Sodium chloride baths also help to improve the functional state of the cardiovascular system. This procedure has a strengthening and tonic effect on the human body.
In addition to the listed health effects, sodium chloride baths improve the state of the body with some metabolic disorders, and especially with the development of overweight and obesity.
So, how can you go through the procedure for taking sodium chloride baths? At sea resorts, such baths are prepared throughout the year from a heated sea water... Also, for the preparation of such baths, you can use water from salt lakes. And besides, sodium chloride baths can be made at home.
The water temperature when taking sodium chloride baths should be about 35 - 36 ºС, and the optimal duration of this procedure is 12 - 15 minutes. The mentioned sodium chloride baths give the best healing effect when taken with an interval of one day, and one course should include 12 - 15 such procedures. The concentration of sodium chloride in water should be about 15-30 grams per liter. In other words, to prepare a sodium chloride bath with a volume of about 200 liters, you will need to dissolve 3 - 6 kilograms in water sea salt(or ordinary table salt). To dissolve, salt is poured into a gauze bag and fixed in such a way that it is washed with a stream hot water when filling the bath.
After taking a sodium chloride bath, wash yourself with plain water, the temperature of which should be 1-2 ºC lower than the bath temperature.
Similar wellness treatments can be used for children, but only for those who are already 6 months old. For example, when treating rickets, 50-100 grams of salt are taken in a ten-liter bucket of water. The water temperature for young children when taking the first healing sodium chloride bath should be about 35 ºС, and when they reach the age of 1 to three years, the water temperature should be reduced to 32 ºС. The bathing interval for such children should be one day. The duration of the procedure should be regulated within 3 - 10 minutes, while after taking 3 - 4 baths, this time can be increased by 1 minute. A health-improving course when taking sodium chloride baths should include 15 - 20 procedures.
Thus, the health-improving effect of taking sodium chloride baths can be achieved with the regular adoption of this procedure both in specialized institutions (sanatoriums, resorts, health centers) and at home.
Along with hydrocarbonate, chloride mineral waters are highly valued by specialists. How do they affect health and when can they be used? What drinking chloride waters can I find on sale?
According to Aleksandrov's classification, chloride, or salt, drinking mineral waters belong to the second class out of six existing ones. In them, among the anions, more than 25% are chlorine ions. The content of other anions does not exceed 25%.
In terms of the content of minor components, the best known are sodium, calcium-sodium, magnesium-calcium and magnesium-calcium-sodium waters.
Composition
Sodium chloride natural waters, except for chloride and sodium, have different ionic composition, degree of mineralization and temperature. They often contain calcium, potassium, magnesium, iodine, bromine.
Application
These waters are used for diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, for joint disorders, skin diseases. They are taken in the treatment of the stomach, liver, intestines, biliary tract, and respiratory organs. Waters with a high bromine content have a sedative effect.
Chloride waters of low mineralization are drunk and used for gastric lavage. They normalize metabolic processes, stimulate the absorption of food proteins, carbohydrates, fats, the work of growth hormone, and also have a choleretic effect. An admixture of carbon dioxide in these waters enhances their effect. It additionally stimulates the function of the gastric glands. It is recommended to take sodium chloride water 30 minutes before meals. This increases the secretion of gastric juice.
Spreading
Valmiera sodium-calcium chloride water is one of the commercially available drinking chloride mineral waters. It is mined from deep well located in the territory of Latvia. Also, the chloride sodium-calcium-magnesium mineral water Kemeri is brought from Latvia.
Another example is the Vytautas chloride-sulphate sodium-magnesium mineral water. Its source is located in the Neman River basin in Lithuania. Another example from Lithuania is the sodium chloride mineral water Druskininkai.
Well-known is chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium mineral water from spring No. 58 Goryachiy Klyuch located not far from Krasnodar. Sodium chloride thermal mineral water Karmadon is extracted from a spring in the vicinity of Vladikavkaz
From the Kuyalnik resort in Odessa, they bring chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium water of the same name. In turn, the source of the unique calcium chloride highly mineralized water Lugela is located in Georgia.
The higher salinity of the waters of the chloride group is used for baths, compresses, and therapeutic showers. During the bath, chloride and sodium ions penetrate the skin. Such baths of high mineralization increase, and low - reduce the excitability of the brain. The stimulating effect is enhanced if you have low blood pressure.
Sodium chloride baths normalize the work of blood vessels. They help with the initial stage of atherosclerosis, with diseases of the cardiovascular system, peripheral nervous system, musculoskeletal system, spinal cord.
In the treatment of the respiratory tract, aerosols are used for inhalation.
Contraindications
Chloride waters are contraindicated in exacerbations of inflammatory diseases, autonomic polyneuropathy, in diseases of the kidneys and bladder, arterial hypertension, increased acidity of gastric juice, allergies. They are also not recommended for pregnant women and in the case of coronary heart disease.
On the territory of Russia, sodium chloride (salt) lakes are well known, such as Uchum in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Sol-Iletsk in the Orenburg Region, Yarovoye in the Altai Territory, Shira in Khakassia, Medvezhye in the Kurgan Region and several lakes in the Volga region.
Salt water springs of high salinity are also located in Middle lane Russia, on the territory of the underground artesian basin, as well as in the Irkutsk region, in the sanatoriums of the Ivanovo and Yaroslavl regions, in the vicinity of Nizhny Novgorod.