The more you travel, the greater the chance that something will happen to you. It happens that someone in the group at the entrance of certain unsuccessful actions gets injured, in which he cannot move independently. In such cases, the burden of moving the victim falls on other members of the group.
Of course, you can pick up the victim under the arms together and carry him, you can throw him on your back, but if you need to overcome a long distance, then such movement of the victim is not suitable - carrying the victim is so inconvenient and extremely energy consuming. It is much easier and more correct to carry the victim on a stretcher. But no one usually wears them with them, you say, and you will be absolutely right. The stretcher will need to be made from improvised materials, and you can read in this article how to make a stretcher from what is under the other.
So, how to make a stretcher yourself, with your own hands from improvised means? First, let's break down the stretcher into its component parts (this rule works for all things that you plan to make with your own hands).
As everyone knows, a stretcher consists of the following elements: a surface on which a person or load is carried, and "handles" for which the porters are taken.
This method was taught to me by the fathers-commanders and tested it on me. During the passage of the route, during the next maneuvers, I hit my knee very hard, as a result of which my speed of movement dropped sharply. Because of me, the mobility of the unit did not meet the required indicators, dragging an uncle in full equipment and weapons is a stupid and ungrateful business, so it was decided to make a stretcher from what is at hand. There was a pine forest around, so there were no problems with making stretchers.
Actually, here is the very method of making a stretcher: two poles are taken, such that they can withstand the weight of the transported and two jackets, in our case it was a slide. The jackets are fastened, the sleeves can be turned inside the jacket, you can leave it like that. Then poles are pushed into the sleeves, as shown in Figure 1. The stretcher is ready with your own hands.
I will say for myself - it was quite comfortable to continue the forced march on the created stretcher)) They threw a couple of machine guns and a couple of pouches on top of me and, like a master, I continued the journey on the hump of my serfs)).
If in our case there were no suitable poles, we would use machines. Yes, they are shorter and the stretcher would have turned out to be seated, but this would have solved the issue of movement.
If there is a tight bag, then you can not use jackets, but make a stretcher out of the bag. To do this, two holes for the poles are made in the bag itself along the edges.
If you do not have jackets, or they are so weak that they cannot support the weight of the person being transported, straps and ropes can be used as a carrying surface. Two poles must be tied together so that the portable one does not fall past the intertwined belts or ropes, but is located on them. Accordingly, the more often they pass from pole to pole, the more comfortable the person being transported will feel (Figure 2).
If you have nothing to make handles for carrying, then you can make a frameless stretcher. The same blanket or a piece of dense fabric can serve as a stretcher to transfer transported to long distance. At the same time, at the corners of the blanket (let's call it that), it is necessary to form knots to make it more convenient to take. If you just hold on to the blanket, squeezing it tightly in your hands, your hands and forearms will get tired very quickly (Fig. 3).
You can also use a stretcher with one pole. Tie the same blanket with the ends to the pole, placing the victim in it. In this case, the stretcher must be carried on the shoulder, as the one being carried will hang much below the level of the pole (Fig. 4).
Now you know how to make a stretcher with your own hands from improvised materials and, if necessary, you can use this knowledge to survive yourself and help others survive.
Construction stretchers and their use
If you are in construction country house, for sure you have encountered the problem of transferring building materials. The wheelbarrow can be difficult to use because of the uneven ground - that look, it will turn over. And even more so, do not take it up the stairs. In such cases, it remains to carry everything in your hands. It is especially inconvenient with bricks - usually they can only be carried in a column, and you won’t carry much at a time. Only extra waste time and the likelihood that the bricks fall down, and even on their feet. This is where you can get hurt.
To rid yourself of extra hassle, do the carrying as shown in the picture. For it, you need a board about 200 mm wide and about half a meter long. Choose the thickness yourself, depending on the load. On both sides of the board, put on loops of strong rope, securing them with nails. Slide the top parts of the hinges onto a suitable rail and secure with nails as well.
How to make a stretcher with your own hands
Construction stretchers can also be used to carry various loads. Do given type construction auxiliary tool is quite simple. Moreover, stretchers can be used not only in construction. They are quite suitable for carrying various kinds of garbage from their summer cottage, as well as the harvest of various crops collected from their own beds. And in general, the use of this device is known to everyone.
Now it's time to move on to considering how you can make a construction stretcher with your own hands. The process is quite simple and quite within the power of any person. First you need to take two beams of the same length and thickness and process them with a planer so as not to drive a splinter into your hands when using our device. These will be the handles. Then it is necessary to lay these bars in parallel and fill several boards across them, the number of which depends on what load capacity we are going to make the stretcher and on what physical capabilities we have. In general, it's ready.
If desired, you can nail the sides along the perimeter of the boards small height so that what is carried inside does not wake up on the ground. Now a little advice. In the manufacture of carrying handles, it is better to make them somewhat thinner in those places where they will be taken by hand. This will allow the handles to fit more snugly in the palms, causing less hand fatigue during use. And to increase the period of use, it is better to treat the wood with a stain, and then varnish it or just paint it.
Construction stretchers have been used for repair, household and domestic purposes since the time of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs, and at the same time they have not lost their relevance in the era of space flights, innovations and microelectronics.
Stretcher - basic definitions
No matter how rapidly it develops technological progress, completely cancel the manual carrying of goods, he is not able to. Perhaps this will happen in the distant future, when there is a place for robots in every household, but today similar perspective looks fantastic. And ordinary stretchers are more than realistic and quite versatile.
Stones are carried with the help of a stretcher, ceramic tile, cinder blocks for building walls and in general any piece building materials. They are convenient for transporting various bulk cargoes - from cement and sand to pebbles and crushed stone. On a stretcher, you can take out garbage from the construction site, foliage, grass and roots from personal plots. They are used for unloading compound feed, fertilizers and as a mobile container for many other household chores.
The use of any stretcher involves the work of two people with relatively similar strength and endurance.. If there is no partner, you will have to use a garden cart or wheelbarrow as widely as possible - it is simply impossible to use a stretcher alone. Is it possible to wear them in an unloaded state and rearrange them from place to place, which is unlikely to help in repair or construction.
Varieties of construction and utility stretchers
According to the material of manufacture, construction stretchers are distinguished: plastic, metal and wooden:
- Plastic stretcher - strictly speaking, only the main container is made of plastic, and the handles of many models are made of wood. They are usually used for carrying bulk cargoes, since they do not wake up from such stretchers.. The maximum load capacity reaches 100-120 kg. Unfortunately, the most durable plastic can split or crack from one careless blow, and you will have to purchase the tool again;
- Metal stretcher. Their container is made from sheet metal(on a steel frame or without it), the handles can also be upholstered in metal. They have maximum strength and load capacity up to 200 kg. However, the cost of a tin body is very significant, and the suitability for repair is low. About such a stretcher it is easy to cut or injure yourself in the process of work;
- Wooden stretcher. Convenient for any construction, repair and household purposes, they are easy to make on your own and easy to repair if necessary. Among the shortcomings, a lot of weight can be noted - moving even an empty device will require more effort than carrying a metal or plastic “colleague”.
The standard dimensions of the construction stretcher relate to the dimensions of the cargo container and are 20-30 cm deep, 50-60 cm wide and 70-90 cm long. The total length of the handles is in the range of 150-160 cm, so that it is possible to deploy the stretcher in a loaded state on flights of stairs.
Why do self-manufacturing ordinary stretcher, if this product is not a shortage for hardware stores? Firstly, because retail chains usually offer plastic and metal stretchers. The former have an unacceptably short service life, while the latter have a very tangible cost.
Secondly, it often becomes necessary to make a stretcher of a specific size, and it is difficult to select the entire complex of dimensions in finished form. Thirdly, with the personal manufacture of wooden stretchers, you can build a transforming device (which no store will offer you). Let me lay out the guide to such construction in full detail.
How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands?
From the materials we need a board with a thickness of 25-30 mm, a thin sheet of galvanized metal and an extended set for woodworking - a hacksaw, a jigsaw, a screwdriver, a drill and mounting hardware.
How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands - a step by step diagram
Step 1: Cut out the handles
Figured handles are cut out of a board 10-12 cm wide and 3-4 cm thick, which will serve as the basis for all stretchers. The middle part of the board remains unchanged, and a small chamfer is removed from the edges from above, and a deep cut is made from below, for a length of 35-40 cm on each side. This reduces total weight handles, they are given a comfortable grip shape.
It is best to apply the pattern of future cutouts on both boards according to the template and adhere to it exactly when processing. The more accurate the size of both handles, the more convenient it is to use ready-made stretchers, since they will have an equilibrium balance. Cut the handles on, securely securing them in a vise or wedges.
Step 2: Assembly of the stretcher base
Taking two boards of exactly the same width as the uncut handles, we fix them at a distance of 50-65 cm from each other, constructing the frame of the future stretcher. The length of these transverse boards determines the width of the stretcher and is 50-60 cm. flat surface, with checking the squareness of all nodes.
When the transverse boards are fixed, they must be reinforced with four steel corners from the inner (invisible) side of the frame. It is better to choose corners with long "shelves", which have 3-4 mounting holes on each side. Additional fittings will give the entire structure high strength and allow you to carry a load weighing more than 100 kg.
Step 3: Build the deck
Boards with a thickness of 25 mm or more are laid on the finished frame, and this is done according to a strictly defined procedure. On the one hand, the floorboards are exactly "flush" with the dimensions of the stretcher, but on the other hand, they should protrude about 5 cm beyond the dimensions.
The first two boards are attached from the ends of the flooring - they rely both on the handles themselves and on the transverse boards. Fasteners are made with self-tapping screws from 50 mm long, with high frequency installation step - at least 3 cm between the screws. The following flooring elements are attached only from the end parts, where the handles lie under them. The middle board will have to be precisely cut to length and laid in the resulting groove, secured with at least one screw on each side.
Step 4: Raise the sides and equip the bottom
Now you can fix two short sides and one long one - the one on the leveled side of the deck. For boards use a board with a thickness of 20 mm. It is most convenient to mount the sides on steel corners, and with outer side- if the fittings are located inside the stretcher, they will be clogged with bulk cargo, they can be easily damaged by massive bricks, etc.
A sheet of galvanized metal is laid on the bottom, cut exactly to its size. Galvanized fasteners are carried out with short mounting nails with wide caps, with a step of 10-12 cm. At the same stage, it is convenient to put special rubberized nozzles on the handles with a distance of 2-3 cm from the ends, so as not to damage the hands if the loaded stretcher accidentally hits an obstacle .
Step 5: Making the flip side
The final stage of independent "stretcher construction" is associated with the manufacture and fastening of the folding side. This part is useful when transporting light and bulk cargo, especially over long distances. A board of small thickness (from 15 mm) and length is tried on to the open side of the flooring, its width may slightly exceed the height of our stretchers. Swivel hinges are attached to the protruding end of the flooring and the mobile side. Along the edges of this side, it is worthwhile to provide fittings for fixing it in the tilted state - latches, hooks, etc.
This is an approximate "recipe" for how to make a universal stretcher from wooden planks. If carrying bulk cargo is irrelevant for you, then stage 5 can be omitted - bricks, cinder blocks and bags of cement can be moved with one open side, which even facilitates their loading and unloading.
To transfer materials to construction sites large area, as well as people who are not able to move independently, stretchers are used.
This is a simple device, for the use of which it is required from 2 people, and it is human labor that is meant.
Different kinds stretchers differ not only in purpose, but also in size, shape, material of manufacture, capacity.
Device and characteristics
The simplest classical stretcher consists of two poles interconnected by a strong rectangular fabric.
This design allows them to be folded when not needed, convenient to store and transport.
Both poles are longer than the base material, which turns all ends into reasonably comfortable handles.
When carrying any load, one person takes the ends of the poles on one side in each hand, and the second on the opposite side.
For convenient transportation of cargo, both people must be of the same height, have similar physical strength.
Material
In the manufacture of poles, as a rule, metal is used that has good strength characteristics.
It is slightly susceptible to deformation under moderate loads.
Since the poles actually form a frame, and human labor is used in the work, they are hollow tubes made of durable alloys.
Treated wood is often used as an alternative hard rock However, the longer the poles, the greater the load on them in the center, which means that they can easily break under heavy weight.
And the wood itself comes out heavier than metal.
The main part, depending on the purpose, can be wooden, metal or fabric. Plastic is often used as a fairly durable, at the same time lightweight material.
Dimensions, weight and capacity
Construction stretchers weigh an average of 4 - 7 kg with a capacity of 70 - 80 liters.
The most popular are models with a length of about 730 - 760mm and a width of 500 - 550mm.
The size of a classic stretcher for a person is on average 220 cm long.
This allows you to put even a very tall man in them without problems.
The width of such a device in the working (unfolded) state is about 480 - 600 cm.
Of course, this is the average width that most models have.
The weight of any stretcher is their cornerstone.
Since the device is carried manually, this parameter must be minimal.
Ordinary options from metal tubes and tarpaulin weigh no more than 9 kg, while the weight of frameless raincoat models for the Ministry of Emergencies does not even reach 1 kg.
Types of stretchers and their purpose
Stretchers are distinguished by purpose for:
Construction
Are intended for carrying of various freights and construction debris.
They have a bucket shape, which allows you to work effectively with bulk materials.
They can be plastic and metal, and due to the fact that they are often used when working on personal plots, they received another name - garden and construction stretchers.
In essence, construction stretchers are square bath fixed on wooden poles.
Beehive stretcher
Designed for transporting beehives, both with bees and without bees.
They can also be used to carry overall drawers, bedside tables and other furniture.
See the video below for more details
VIDEO
Medical
Designed for manually carrying the injured and sick, transporting them on hospital trolleys, special vehicles in a semi-sitting or lying position.
Domestic sanitary stretchers, with a length of 1830 mm, have dimensions of 2200x560x165 mm.
Used as bars metal pipes 35 mm in diameter.
The weight of the structure is 8.5 kg.
The material of the main part can be linen canvas, artificial leather.
Such stretchers can be equipped with retractable handles.
More modern - frame views with handles on the side and folding legs on wheels.
They allow not only to transfer the patient to difficult conditions movement, but also to transport on a flat surface.
In most cases, they are equipped with fixing straps.
field
Designed for the careful transportation of victims at the scene of emergencies.
Used by various rescue services to deliver the wounded to ambulances, as well as medical facilities.
Designed for use on rough terrain.
They can be frame and frameless, for transfer in a sitting, half-sitting and lying position, they are also called armchairs.
Some field stretchers are specifically designed to transport casualties over rough terrain with one person.
To do this, they are equipped with a pair of large wheels.
Military
These are the means of evacuating the wounded and injured in the field of hostilities.
Their main feature is their compact dimensions when assembled.
Frame views are folded simultaneously across and along, which allows them to be carried in a backpack.
As a rule, they have camouflage colors, which reduces their visibility.
Frameless types are as compact and lightweight as possible, while they have sufficient strength to transport wounded soldiers in full gear.
By design, the stretcher is divided into:
Frame
These are options where the base is fixed on the frame, it can be soft or hard.
The last option is a rigid concave panel.
One of the varieties are bucket stretchers with a fixation system.
Such devices allow you to completely immobilize the victim, which is sometimes a prerequisite for his transportation.
Soft
They are a canvas made of durable fabric or tarpaulin, on the sides of which several pairs of handles - straps are sewn.
When transporting the victim, the device itself is deformed to the curves of the body shape, which achieves its maximum support and comfort.
There are tarpaulin and raincoat options; they can be transformed into a bucket shape for transporting victims in a sitting position.
For transportation in a supine position, it is preferable to use fabric types with a leg pocket.
What you need to know about stretchers
Stretchers are indispensable products for urgent emergency care.
For this reason, they are subject to a number of requirements and standards.
In particular, they must be reliable, light, safe, durable and easy to use.
For folding options, one more is presented important requirement- the structure must be quickly unfolded into the working position.
As for construction stretchers, they must have high strength, but at the same time be very light.
Plastic options are able to withstand weight up to 120 kg, while metal ones - up to 200 kg.
In this case, it is unacceptable to use a stretcher with damaged poles.
The fact is that at the moment of fracture of even one pole, the risk of various injuries increases dramatically, ranging from a banal stretching of the tendons of the arm, ending with serious injuries to the spine and back muscles.
How to choose a stretcher
When choosing a construction stretcher, first of all, it is necessary to focus on their carrying capacity, material of manufacture and capacity.
Before buying, you need to inspect the product for defects.
A careful approach to the choice requires a stretcher for carrying people, as among huge selection models under various conditions use and tasks, difficult to find suitable option based only on superficial knowledge.
Main criteria
When choosing a stretcher for transporting the injured and wounded, it is necessary to take into account the following criteria:
load capacity;
Construction type;
Dimensions (both in transport and in working condition);
Frame and base material;
The number of sections and the ability to adjust their inclination;
The presence of elements for fixing the victim (belts, leg pockets, handrails);
The presence of clamps for the installation of resuscitation equipment;
Price.
How to make a stretcher with your own hands
Factory construction stretchers, as a rule, are presented in 2 versions: plastic and metal.
The former are short-lived, while the latter are quite expensive.
Good option for construction personal plot there will be simple wooden stretchers made by one's own hands.
Their advantage is that you can make a design of any size.
Represent wooden box, to which poles - handles are screwed on both sides.
A box - a ladle can be made from a board, the thickness of which must be at least 30mm.
To strengthen the structure, it is upholstered with galvanization from the inside.
You can use the metal case of an old refrigerator.
The poles-handles are made from a board of the same thickness as the box, nailed or screwed onto the sides of the bucket closer to the top with screws.
This will lower the center of gravity.
Places under the grip with hands are cut out (selected) up to desired thickness and then polished.
If you plan to use a stretcher for suburban area when harvesting, say, tops, it is advisable to make a box with three sides.
This will enable fast unloading.
In this case, it is not supposed to carry heavy materials, which means that boards - poles can be safely screwed to the bottom of the box.
Of the tools you will need:
Electric jigsaw;
Hacksaw;
Screwdriver or hammer;
Emery skin.
The ability to make a stretcher for the victim from improvised material is an important knowledge for tourists, military personnel and just people who prefer outdoor activities.
The simplest frameless stretcher in field conditions- a blanket, on the corners of which loops are formed for a comfortable grip by hand.
A more advanced option is 2 longitudinal and 2 transverse poles tied with a rope into a rectangle.
Between the long poles, a rope is woven with a net or zigzag, which will serve as the basis for the stretcher part of the frame structure.
Jackets, sweaters, a blanket or any available options clothes.
Having at hand 2 jackets of approximately the same size and 2 poles that can support the weight of the victim, you can make the simplest stretcher, and it will take no more than 5 minutes to make them.
Jackets are fastened and laid on the ground opposite each other, shoulders in opposite directions, and fasteners down.
Then you need to roll up the sleeves and thread the poles through them through both jackets from opposite sides.
An important rule: the victim should be placed on a stretcher as carefully as possible, supporting the diseased part of the body, in a position that is comfortable for him.
In the era of rapid development of microelectronics and the conquest of outer space construction stretchers invented back in the time of the pharaohs have not lost their relevance. They greatly facilitate many jobs and increase productivity.
Purpose of construction stretcher
This is a universal device that allows you to move various bulk goods - sand, gravel, cement, etc. With the help of a stretcher, you can also remove garbage from construction site, to transport weights such as bricks, cinder blocks or ceramic tiles.
The use of this equipment requires the participation of two people, preferably with the same endurance. It is impossible to carry a loaded construction stretcher alone. Therefore, in the absence of a partner, you will have to use a wheelbarrow or cart.
Types of stretcher
Depending on the material, stretchers are divided into three categories: plastic, metal and wood.
The first are intended mainly for bulk cargo. Most of these models are equipped wooden handles. Their carrying capacity is no more than 110 kg. When working, it should be borne in mind that even the most durable plastic can crack or split from careless impact, especially in the cold. At the same time, construction plastic stretchers have the advantage of light weight, which makes it easier to carry loads. If necessary, they can be used as a container for diluting paint and building mixtures.
Metal stretchers are more durable. They are adapted to move up to 200 kg of cargo. Made from sheet metal. The handles of such stretchers are usually wooden, in some cases upholstered in iron. When working, it is necessary to take precautions, since the possibility of cuts on metal edges is not excluded. The tin case is not cheap, and it is practically impossible to repair.
For various economic purposes, construction wooden stretchers are also used. They are very easy to repair, and it is also quite simple to make them yourself. The disadvantage of such stretchers is their significant weight. Moving them even without a load, you need to make a lot of effort.
Advantages of plastic stretcher
They are made of heavy-duty plastic and, unlike wood or metal, do not rot or corrode. Light weight combined with good capacity makes them indispensable, especially when carrying heavy materials.
The stretcher container is shaped so that the weight of the carried load is evenly distributed. It can even move liquid solutions. Construction stretchers are equipped with wooden handles, which are more comfortable than plastic ones. In order to avoid the appearance of fungus or decay, they are treated with a special compound.
For the manufacture of stretchers, manufacturers use impact-resistant plastic that can withstand significant loads. This is reflected in the durability of the inventory and the absence of deformations during operation. Plastic stretchers are resistant to temperature extremes. This allows you to use them in almost any weather conditions.
How to make a do-it-yourself construction stretcher
There are situations when a stretcher of a certain size is needed for work, which are difficult to find in shopping centers. In this case, you can make them yourself. This will require a board about 30 mm thick, galvanized a metal sheet, mounting accessories and a set of tools.
Handles are cut out of the board, which are the basis of any stretcher. A cut-out up to 40 cm long is made at the bottom of the board to give a shape that is convenient for girth and to reduce the weight of the stretcher. Then a frame is constructed in the form of two boards, fixed transversely to the handles at a distance of about 60 cm from each other. This is done using self-tapping screws. The resulting frame is reinforced with steel corners on the inside.
After that, according to a certain scheme, the flooring elements are attached. They are laid first along the edges, resting on the ends of the transverse boards and on the handles, and lastly the board is attached in the middle. A metal sheet is nailed to the bottom with mounting nails - and the construction stretcher is ready. All fittings are recommended to be placed on the outside.