Devices for sawing logs with a chainsaw. How to cut a log along a chainsaw - an overview of the most effective devices

All photos from the article

In the process various works often there is a need for longitudinal cutting of logs or timber. For this, a variety of types of equipment can be used - from stationary sawmills to small installations, but these options cost a lot, and if you need to do a small amount of work, then sawing logs with a chainsaw will be the simplest and most rational solution.

Benefits of using this option

First of all, let's figure out what advantages this sawing method has:

Important!
In addition to all of the above factors, one should not forget the low cost of the structure, the purchase of a stationary sawmill will cost several times more.

Overview of some options

Here are two of the most popular designs that provide best quality at work, and you yourself will determine what is more convenient and preferable in your case.

Homemade option

First, let's look at how to make a device for sawing logs with a chainsaw with your own hands.

The instructions for carrying out the work are as follows:

• It is best to use a frame from an old school desk or a square tube with a side of 20x20 or slightly larger.
• First of all, two clamps are made, these are elements 50-60 cm long, on one end of which a cross member is welded with two holes for tie bolts and a small protrusion in the middle for clamping the tire, an element of the same configuration is attached on top, the photo below shows ready-made elements, as you can see, everything is quite simple, and having at hand welding machine, you can make them very quickly.

All photos from the article

The construction market is full of huge amount modern materials, which, unfortunately, are not very natural. That is why wood is still the most popular - due to its versatility and availability, it is used in various construction industries. Any lumber, be it timber or boards, is made from logs, so our task today is to understand how to make the necessary building material from it.

Instead of a preface

1. Logs can be sawn with hand tool, or on a different professional equipment used on an industrial scale.
2. A direct impact on the cost of finished sawn timber is exerted by their characteristics, namely the thickness of the materials and the amount of waste left as a result. production process.

1. To reduce the amount of waste, logs are cut on an industrial scale according to special schemes. living conditions sometimes there is a need for self-sawing logs, so you should first familiarize yourself with them.

What equipment is used

In production conditions, various types of logs are used for sawing. professional tool and special equipment selected depending on:

• material length;
• its thickness;
• quality for products.

In domestic conditions, it is usually unavailable, but it is successfully replaced with an ordinary chainsaw, woodworking machine with circular saw or .

At the enterprises engaged in the production of lumber, wood sawing lines are used. This equipment is highly efficient and allows you to get a quality product.

Sawmill - a machine for cutting logs into boards

One of the types of sawmill equipment includes a sawmill - a woodworking machine on which frame saws are installed. After processing, a bar and an edged board are obtained as a result.

Only logs of a certain size can be used as raw materials:

• the length should not exceed 7 m;
• the diameter range is much wider and ranges from 150 to 800 mm.

Round timber is also sawn on circular saws called circular saws or circular saws... Such machines are subdivided into:

Most often, logs are processed on band sawmills, which allow sawing round timber both horizontally and vertically. Thanks to the high quality sawing of the logs, very little waste is left after the final material is obtained.

But this is not the whole list of equipment used for large-scale production of sawn timber. There are also highly specialized machines that are used only in certain branches of woodworking.

The main types and methods of cutting wood

The method of sawing logs is chosen depending on the type of wood and what the final piece should be.

Consider:

• parameters that determine the size;
• shape;
• surface quality;
• requirements.

Logs can be sawn in relation to the location of the tree rings.

In total, there are three such types of sawing:

1. Radial - along the radius of the growth rings, while the work is carried out with particular clarity.
2. Tangential - the log is sawn to the growth rings tangentially, parallel to one of the radii.
3. Parallel forming - cutting occurs parallel to the direction of the fibers.

Depending on the direction in which the logs are cut, the methods of sawing them are also subdivided:

1. To collapse - means sawing a log in several places along its entire plane. At the same time, they should be located parallel to each other. This is the easiest way of processing, allowing you to end up with a pair of slabs and an unedged board.
2. With a bar, it allows you to first get side boards and a bar, which, if necessary, is sawn into the same edged boards. This method allows you to cut a little more than half of all raw materials. The disadvantage is that the processing of round timber requires the use of two sawmills.
3. Segment - a bar will be cut from the center of the log. This name is due to the fact that two segments remain on the sides of the log, which are subsequently cut into tangential boards.
4. Sector - round timber in this case is sawn into sectors. Moreover, their number depends on the diameter of the log and varies from 4 to 8. Further, the resulting fragments are sawn into radial or tangential boards.
5. Circular - designed for individual cutting of logs. At the same time, healthy wood is separated from the affected one.

Tip: when sawing off the next board, the trunk must be turned 90˚ around the longitudinal axis.

It should be noted that the last three methods, in contrast to the previous two - the main ones, are used quite rarely.

Household sawing

It is unprofitable to purchase sawmills for use at home both from an economic point of view, the price is quite high, and from a practical point of view. For these purposes, an ordinary chainsaw is quite suitable.

However, you can use electric, but gasoline is much more powerful and does not require electricity, which is very useful when doing work away from civilization. Despite the laboriousness of this process, in the presence of certain skills, labor costs can be justified.

All work related to cutting requires special devices:

• a device that fixes the log in a stationary state;
• a frame-attachment designed for a chainsaw - if you want to get boards different thickness, they are fixed on the tool bar, but so as to be able to adjust the distance remaining between the nozzle and the chain;
• guide ruler. It can be successfully replaced with the required length. metal profile or an ordinary board, the main thing is that it is even and tough.

Tip: for a chainsaw, you need to purchase a special chain that allows you to make rip cuts. Her distinctive feature is a special sharpening angle of the teeth.

Process

The operating instructions will be as follows:

1. Free the logs from bark and branches. The less waste you get, the more finished material will be.
2. Determine the most optimal cutting pattern. Why inspect the log for possible defects.

1. Cut from east to west or vice versa. This is due to the fact that obtaining high-quality material is possible only if the density of the boards is the same over the entire width. Consider - the density of the tree trunk with north side much higher than from the south.
2. Remove the slabs located opposite each other.
3. Saw the two-edged beam formed as a result of this operation into lumber.
4. Remove the edges from the received one.

Tip: if you find any defects in the log, for example, a false core, it can be turned as with circular sawing by 90 and 180˚.

Conclusion

If you decide to dissolve a log at home, you will have to use a sawmill, chainsaw or regular saw... The first two options will show the best results, and the process will be much faster and better.

Before starting work, it is advisable to draw a diagram of sawing round timber. The video in this article will provide an opportunity to find Additional information on the above topic.

What you can't do with a chainsaw - with the help of all kinds of attachments, this tool becomes very multifunctional. Not sure how to cut a log into planks with a chainsaw? Now and not about this we will tell!

Chainsaw - a tool for all occasions

Most owners have no idea what possibilities are hidden in this seemingly single-function tool. It's about what functions, in addition to sawing logs for firewood, a chainsaw can perform in skillful hands... But just think - the tool is completely autonomous, you put fuel into the tank, and work wherever it is convenient for you!

A wide range of work leads to a powerful, compact and safe gasoline engine, which has a very unpretentious "character" and the ability to work in the most difficult conditions. What else is good about a chainsaw is sealed system fuel supply, which, in combination with a membrane type carburetor, allows it to work in a variety of positions, perhaps not inverted. In addition, the designers provided reliable protection nodes from overloads and breakdowns in the form of a centrifugal clutch.

Take a look at the chainsaw from a different point of view - you are holding an amazing tool in your hands! After all, this is a universal drive for the most different kinds devices capable of not only sawing wood, but also cutting metal and stone, pumping water, drilling wells and even serving as a low-power engine!

DIY multi-tool

The most popular attachment, which is even produced by the manufacturers of chainsaws themselves, is the gas cutter attachment, which turns the chainsaw into an autonomous semblance of a grinder. The device of the nozzle is a bearing assembly with a shaft, with a pulley installed at one end, which is driven by a V-belt. At the other end there is a mandrel for fasteners abrasive wheels... By changing circles, such a Bulgarian chainsaw will be able to cut stone, tiles, bricks and even metal. Of course, the circle is hidden in a protective casing, without which the work of such a tool would be pure water playing roulette - lucky or not!

Of course, there will be a lot of people who would call this method extravagance, because you can buy a normal one and not have to worry about changing any attachments there! However, in practice, the idea is completely justified - high-speed saws equipped with such attachments work just as well ordinary grinders... Of course, they do not compete with professional powerful tools, but they justify themselves on the farm. This device has two indisputable plus- autonomy of work and saving money.

Another professional attachment that you can buy in specialized stores is the so-called debarkers. Their functions just correspond to the purpose of the chainsaw and, in fact, increase its capabilities - in addition to cutting wood with the help of debarkers, it can be processed, namely, cleaned of bark, growths and twigs, as well as cut grooves in logs, which is useful during construction wooden log cabins, and give the rounded surface a flat shape.

Debarkers are divided into disc and drum. The first ones are used to cut out recesses and mounting grooves, and the drum ones are used to remove bark from logs, they are also called barkers. The device is a drum or cutter fixed in a bearing assembly. The device is set in motion by means of a V-belt transmission, for this there is a special pulley on the axle. Taking into account the change in the diameter of the pulley and the speed of the engine, you can also change the speed of such a tool for optimal processing of wood.

With the help of a chainsaw and the corresponding attachment, you can not worry about emergency water supply at home if necessary - you can make a pump from this woodworking tool in a few minutes!

Basically, the nozzle is a conventional centrifugal pump that attaches to the saw and is powered by the same pulley and belt. The principle of operation is the same as for everyone centrifugal pumps- one hose is lowered into the water, the second serves as a pressure hose. Before starting work, liquid is poured into the engine through the plug, which is necessary for the pump to "grab" the pumped-out water. The turbine, when rotating, creates a reduced pressure inside, due to which water is pumped out. The device is, in fact, the simplest, but imagine how useful it can be when Vacation home de-energized, and the issue of water supply needs to be resolved urgently!

With the help of special attachments, the chainsaw can be turned into a drill or a winch and even into boat motor, capable of speeds up to 20 km / h with a fuel consumption of 1 l / h. However, these are already more rare cases, while devices for longitudinal sawing of logs, or, as they are called, mini-sawmills, are quite common.

How to cut a log into planks with a chainsaw - vertical nozzle

First of all, it should be noted that no one sets himself the task of making a professional sawing of a log with minimum amount waste. For professional work you also need the appropriate tool, but the nozzle for longitudinal sawing of logs will solve many small problems on the farm. Let's say, for example, that an old pear tree has dried up in your garden, and you just needed a few planks to fill a hole in the barn. Instead of putting the trunk of a tree on firewood, you can use the nozzle to get the material you want.

Devices for longitudinal sawing of logs are divided into vertical and horizontal. Most simple device is the first option: the adapter is attached to the bus at its base, and with the help of the guide bar, the straightness of the adapter movement is ensured. This whole structure is attached to the board, which is a stop for cutting and at the same time a guide. The accuracy of such a device is not high - it can be used to cut rough boards or make a log uncomplicated square shape, however, the corresponding tasks are set before such a device.

How to cut a log lengthwise - we cut horizontally!

Much greater cutting accuracy is ensured by horizontal design, which is a rigid frame attached to the bar of the chainsaw in two places - at the base and at its end. The attachment points can be shifted to provide the required kerf width. Of course, such a device is intended for small logs, the diameter of which will not exceed the length of the bar.

Using the guide element, you can install required thickness boards. The hardest part will be making the first horizontal cut - to get straight cut wood, you need to attach an additional guide frame to the log, which will serve base surface for emphasis. At the subsequent stages of dissolving the log onto the boards, it already serves as a surface for an emphasis and a guide. Smooth surface the previous saw cut.

It is quite easy to work with such a structure. Before sawing a log lengthwise, it must be well secured along its entire length - the less it vibrates, the smoother the cut will turn out... To avoid jamming the chainsaw bar, small wedges are constantly inserted into the cut to prevent clamping. It should be noted that no matter how hard we try, there will be a lot of waste compared to a conventional sawmill. First, give the log a square shape by cutting off the top layer from all sides, and only then proceed directly to dissolving the log into boards.

It will not be difficult for craftsmen to make their own nozzles of this kind to work with welding and metal - the corresponding schemes on the Internet are not uncommon, and from the material you will need several square hollow pipes, nuts and screws.

For processing logs on band sawmill it is necessary to adhere to the accepted technology. Thus, you can get the maximum amount quality materials- boards and beams. But first you should familiarize yourself with the basic rules for cutting.

Types of wood sawing

At the first stage, a carriage is formed from a log. For this, cuts are made on both sides of it. In some cases, processing is performed on four sides. A preliminary map of the band sawing of the workpiece is drawn up, on which the dimensions of the components are indicated.

The defining parameter when choosing a scheme is the direction of log processing. In particular - movement cutting edge relative to the annual rings. According to this, lumber of various quality is formed, which has a unique appearance... Not only their aesthetic qualities depend on this, but also the price.

There are the following types of cuts:

• tangential. The cut is made tangent to the annual rings. As a result, oblong patterns in the form of arches, rings are formed on the surface;
• radial. For its implementation, perpendicular processing along the annual rings is necessary. The feature is the uniform pattern;
• transverse. Processing occurs across the fibers, the cut pattern is a smooth cut of annual rings;
• rustic. Can be done at any angle, contains a certain amount of knots, sapwood or other similar defects.

Waste is often used in the woodworking industry band sawing logs - croaker. On the one hand, a flat plane, and the other remains untreated.

To draw up the maximum precise cutting it is recommended to use special programs... They take into account not only dimensions source material, but also the type of wood.

Sawing on a sawmill with 180 ° rotation of the log

To form the maximum number of boards, it is recommended to use a technology in which some belt processing processes are rotated by 180 °. This allows you to achieve the maximum amount of lumber with different types cuts.

The principle of processing is to make initial cuts along the edges of the logs, which are at an angle of 90 ° relative to each other. They will serve as the basis for further band cutting... Works are carried out on equipment with vertical arrangement cutting elements. The trunk diameter must be at least 26 centimeters.

Step-by-step order of work.

1. Processing of the side with the cut-off edge part. This results in two boards.
2. Turning the workpiece 90 °. The cut is made from the opposite side. The number of products varies from 3 to 4.
3. Re-turn 90 °. The main part of the source material is processed. Depending on the planned ones, 7-8 blanks can be obtained.

Despite all their positive traits, this method has one significant drawback - low production speed. It is recommended to use it on equipment that provides a block for automatically changing the position of the log relative to the cutting part of the machine.

A detailed scheme is most often used for the manufacture of rustic boards, which are subject to lower quality requirements.

Sawing on a sawmill with 90 ° rotation of the log

For the manufacture of tangential and radial boards it is recommended to use a different technique. It consists in systematic belt processing of logs with simultaneous analysis of defects. Thus, you can get products of the required quality.

After delimbing, the workpiece is placed on the feed bed sawing machine... Then you need to do the following.

1. Removing the primary slab. It is carried out until the base width is 110-115 mm.
2. Picking up unedged boards with a thickness of about 28 mm.
3. If the number of defects on the surface exceeds the required level, the material is rotated 90 °. With enough high quality the next board is cut off.
4. Repetition of the operation.

A similar technique is applicable for processing installations that have one cutting surface or have the function of temporarily dismantling the rest.

With enough a large number defects, it is possible not to put the workpiece aside, but to process it by turning it through 180 °.

The above tape processing technique can be applied to create any configuration wooden products... Often, the core area is used to form the timber, and the remaining parts are used to make the boards. But there may be exceptions - it all depends on the required shape of the blanks.

The quality of work is influenced by the current state of the sawmill, the level of sharpening of saws and the processing speed. These factors must be taken into account before starting the production process. If necessary, the equipment is prevented or repaired.

The video material shows the method of sawing logs on a homemade band sawmill: