Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a poet of surprisingly soulful lyricism, deep warmth and tenderness. His poems, often sad and melodious, resemble folk songs telling about the life of an ordinary person, his sufferings and sorrows. The poem “Listening to the horrors of war ...”, dedicated to the Crimean War of 1853-1856, sounds strikingly modern. Years and decades pass, centuries succeed each other, and the human world is surprisingly constant in its delusions. Wars do not stop on earth, they have become bloodier, more terrible than those seen by the poets and writers of the 19th century.
From the very first line one can hear the artist's uncompromising attitude to war - a senseless massacre that can and must be avoided:
Listening to the horrors of war
With each new victim of the battle ...
Perfectly understanding and understanding the cause of this terrible phenomenon, people do not want to stop it. And shedding “holy, sincere tears” are completely innocent, defenseless and weak. Probably, the world has gone crazy if it does not learn anything, but continues to pay a terrible price with young people who have not yet lived, who have not had time to enjoy being, boys who are going to their deaths, who have not even had time to leave a significant memory of themselves. Reading NA Nekrasov's poem "Attending to the horrors of war ...", one is struck by its universality. The work is amazingly timely, it reminds the living of the enduring value of life, it seems that only mothers who give life understand its holy purpose. And the madmen, drawing new generations into wars, do not want to understand anything. Do not hear the voice of reason. To how many Russian mothers this poem is close and understandable:
I spied some in the world
Holy, sincere tears -
Those are the tears of poor mothers!
They will not forget their children
Those killed in the bloody field ...
Small, only 17 lines, the poem amazes with the depth of humanism contained in it. The poet's language is laconic and simple, there are no detailed and complex metaphors, only precise epithets that emphasize the artist's intention: deeds are “hypocritical”, since they do not lead to the end of wars, only tears are “sincere”, and they are sincere “alone”, everything else is a lie ... The poet's conclusion that he will forget both the friend and the wife is terrible - he also reckons them to the “hypocritical” world.
The poem ends with a folkloric comparison of mothers with a drooping weeping willow. The use of a folklore image gives the work a generalizing meaning: it is not about the Crimean War alone - about everyone, after which mothers and nature itself weep:
Don't pick up the weeping willow
Of your drooping branches ...
The poem is written in the first person, this form allows the author to address readers as close people who understand well what the poet wants to tell them. This is a message from far away in our turbulent and difficult times.
Listening to the Horrors of War is a poem that never gets old. There are no descriptions of the battle in it, but the psychological characteristics of the rear amazes the reader's imagination. Students study it in grade 8. We invite you to learn more about the poem, using a brief analysis of "Listening to the horrors of war" according to plan.
Brief analysis
History of creation - the work was written in the last years of the Crimean War under the impression of "Sevastopol stories" by L. N. Tolstoy. Investigated are called different dates of creation of poems: 1855 and 1856.
Poem theme - maternal love and grief of a mother for her son killed in the war.
Composition - N. Nekrasov's poem can be conditionally divided into two semantic parts: a discussion about the friend and wife of heroes who died in the war and a story about maternal tears. The text of the work is not divided into stanzas.
Genre - elegy.
Poetic size - iambic tetrameter, all types of rhyming are presented in the poem.
Metaphors – "She will remember to the grave"(about the soul) "Bloody cornfield".
Epithets – "Hypocritical deeds", "Holy, sincere tears", "poor mothers", "weeping willow".
Comparisons – "They should not forget their children ... how not to lift the weeping willow of their drooping branches."
History of creation
The history of the creation of the analyzed work is associated with the Crimean War, although Nekrasov himself was not a participant in it. Leo Tolstoy was in the service. The young writer, impressed by the bloody events, wrote "Sevastopol Stories", which were published in 1855. Some chapters of L. Tolstoy's works were read to Nekrasov before publication. The stories that faithfully portray the war impressed the poet. Soon from under his pen appeared the poems "Listening to the horrors of war."
But not only this fact prompted the creation of the work. Nikolai Alekseevich's father was a landowner and a military man. His peasants were often taken to the service and not all of the soldiers returned home, because at that time Russia participated in many bloody battles. Thus, Nekrasov knew from childhood what maternal grief was.
Theme
The work reveals a military theme, but the author does not describe bloody battles, but behind the scenes of battles. In the center of the poem there are several images: the hero-soldier, his wife, friend and mother. The lyrical hero talks about them, so the lines are written in the first person. Knowing the history of the writing of the work, it can be argued that the lyrical hero merges with the author.
In the first verses, the lyrical hero admits that, presenting the horrors of bloody events, he does not pity either those who died in the war, or their friends, or their wives. He argues his position by the fact that a friend and wife quickly forget the deceased. Their lyrical hero contrasts with the “soul”, which will preserve the memory of the soldier until death. This is the soul of the mother.
The lyrical hero is struck to the depths of his soul by maternal tears, because they are sincere. Such tears cannot be found in the world anymore. They once again confirm that mothers never forget children who were taken from them by the war. In the last lines, the mother is compared to a weeping willow.
In the context of this topic, an eternal idea is realized. The author claims that there is no love stronger and more sincere than mother's.
Nikolai Alekseevich so subtly revealed the problems of maternal love and the essence of bloody events that the work left a mark not only in literature, but also in music: many composers of the 19th-20th centuries turned to it.
Composition
The composition of the poem is simple. In it, two semantic parts can be conventionally distinguished: a discourse about the friend and wife of heroes who died in the war and a story about maternal tears. The text of the work is not divided into stanzas.
Genre
The genre of the work is an elegy, since the author speaks with bitterness and disappointment about the friend and wife of the deceased, and his mother pities him. The poetic meter is iambic tetrameter. N. Nekrasov used all types of rhymes: cross ABAB, parallel AABB and circular ABBA.
Expression tools
In the text of the work, the author uses means of expression. There are not very many of them, but these are the main tools for disclosing the topic and implementing the idea. Also, with the help of them, an image of a lyrical hero is created, his feelings and emotions are reproduced.
Predominate in the poem epithets: ““ Hypocritical deeds ”,“ holy, sincere tears ”,“ poor mothers ”,“ weeping willow ”. Metaphorsgive feelings and emotions - expressiveness: "she will remember to the grave" (about the soul), "bloody field". Last lines used comparison, which allows the author to draw a parallel between man and nature: "they should not forget their children ... how not to raise the weeping willow of their drooping branches."
In some stanzas, the emotional background is created using allite radio for example, for example, grief is emphasized by words with a consonant "s": "holy, sincere tears."
1. History of creation... In 1853-1856. Russia fought the grueling Crimean War, which brought large numbers of casualties every day. Many poets and writers have responded to these events. Among them was, and wrote in 1855 the poem "Attention to the horrors of war."
2. Genre of the poem - an elegy, the poet's reflections on the grief of the unfortunate mothers of the dead.
3. Basic idea the work is that the soldiers who fell on the battlefield will not mourn for long. With mass mortality in war, human life is generally valued extremely cheaply. Even the closest people will eventually come to terms with the inevitable loss and move on with their lives.
Soldiers die for their country, so their death should not evoke pity, but a feeling of pride and admiration for the deeds shown. But each person "somewhere has one soul" who will never forget about his loss - his own mother.
No matter how patriotic calls the state is justified, for a woman the most precious thing in her life will remain her child, whom she carried under her heart.
4. Composition poems are consistent. The author indulges in unhurried sad reflections on women's grief.
5. The size of the piece - iambic tetrameter with alternating (circular and cross) rhyme.
6. Expressive means... In a small poem, Nekrasov strove to convey his main idea as accurately and convincingly as possible. Therefore, great importance is attached to the means of artistic expression. The central antithesis is emphasized by vivid epithets: "hypocritical deeds" - "holy, sincere tears."
The metaphors are no less expressive: "to the grave", "bloody cornfield". The author compares the mothers of the dead with a "weeping willow" - a traditional image of longing and sadness. The poet evenly distributed exclamations throughout the text, which in the right places reinforce the emotional impression. The ellipsis in the ending emphasizes the philosophical meaning of the work. Reflections about the bloody sacrifices of battles have been conducted since ancient times, and they do not foresee an end until the whole world is forever finished with wars.
7. Main idea the work consists in the author's condemnation of any war. It does not touch upon the question of right and wrong. Even the most "just" war will come at the cost of great losses, the payment for which will be the "holy tears" of mothers. The realist Nekrasov was one of the first in Russian poetry to turn his attention to the nationwide female grief, the cause of which is war.
At that time, it was customary to glorify victories, to glorify the exploits of commanders or soldiers who distinguished themselves by heroism. But behind these individuals there is always an overwhelming mass of soldiers, about whom no one will ever write. No matter how cruel it may sound, the basis of any army is "cannon fodder". In this capacity, these people are considered by the commander-in-chief when drawing up plans for military campaigns and battles. But this gray mass consists of millions of individual people, completely different from each other, with their own rich inner world.
Each of them has a mother who remembers her child and prays to God for his salvation. Nekrasov contrasts the tears of mothers with "hypocritical deeds" and "any vulgarity." High society really did not care much about the situation on the distant front. Patriotic remarks were the usual hypocrisy. Only a woman-mother who gave birth to her child understood the disastrous consequences of the war for the entire country.
Historically, it so happened that throughout its history Russia constantly took part in various military campaigns. However, the honor of the fatherland was defended not so much by eminent generals as by ordinary peasants. Even after the abolition of serfdom, the term of the soldier's service was 25 years. This meant that a young guy who was drafted into a soldier returned home as an old man. If, of course, he managed to survive in a mortal battle with another external enemy of the Russian state.
Nikolai Nekrasov was born after Russia
Defeated the French in 1812. However, even from his family estate, peasants were constantly taken away for military service. Many of them never returned home, remaining lying in the Caucasian steppes. From childhood, the poet saw how much grief was brought to families by the news that a father, son or brother had died in the next war. However, the future poet understood that time heals, and almost everyone will soon put up with such a loss, except for mothers, for whom the death of their own child is one of the most terrible and bitter trials.
In 1855, under the impression of another trip to the native estate of Nikolai Nekrasov
He wrote a poem "Attending to the horrors of war ...", in which he tried to morally support all mothers who, by the will of fate, lost their sons. Reasoning on the theme of life and death, the poet writes that “with each new victim of the battle, I feel sorry not for my friend, not for my wife, I feel sorry for not the hero himself”.
The author emphasizes that no matter how deep the emotional wound, sooner or later it will still heal. A widow will find consolation in her daily chores, children will grow up with the thought that their father knowingly gave his life for their homeland. However, the mothers of dead soldiers will never be able to cope with their overwhelming grief and come to terms with such a loss. “She will not forget to the grave!” The poet notes, stressing that the tears of a mother who lost her son in the war are “holy” and “sincere”. Such women will never recover from the blow that they received from fate, "how not to lift the weeping willow of their drooping branches."
Despite the fact that this poem was written a century and a half ago, it has not lost its relevance today. It is unlikely that Nekrasov could have assumed that even in the 21st century, Russia will continue to fight. However, he knew for sure that the only people who would always remember the fallen soldiers were their old mothers, for whom their sons would always remain the best.
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"Listening to the horrors of war ..." Nikolay Nekrasov
Listening to the horrors of war
With every new victim of the battle
I'm not sorry for my friend, not for my wife,
I'm not sorry for the hero himself ...
Alas! the wife will be comforted,
And the best friend will forget the friend;
But somewhere there is one soul -
She will remember to the grave!
Among our hypocritical deeds
And all the vulgarity and prose
I spied on the world alone
Holy, sincere tears -
Those are the tears of poor mothers!
They will not forget their children
Those killed in the bloody field
How not to lift a weeping willow
Your drooping branches ...
Analysis of Nekrasov's poem "Listening to the horrors of war ..."
Historically, it so happened that throughout its history Russia constantly took part in various military campaigns. However, the honor of the fatherland was defended not so much by eminent generals as by ordinary peasants. Even after the abolition of serfdom, the term of the soldier's service was 25 years. This meant that a young guy who was drafted into a soldier returned home as an old man. If, of course, he managed to survive in a mortal battle with another external enemy of the Russian state.
Nikolai Nekrasov was born after Russia defeated the French in 1812. However, even from his family estate, peasants were constantly taken away for military service. Many of them never returned home, remaining lying in the Caucasian steppes. From childhood, the poet saw how much grief was brought to families by the news that a father, son or brother had died in the next war. However, the future poet understood that time heals, and almost everyone will soon resign themselves to such a loss, except for mothers, for whom the death of their own child is one of the most terrible and bitter trials.
In 1855, under the impression of another trip to the native estate of Nikolai Nekrasov, he wrote a poem "Listening to the horrors of war ...", in which he tried to morally support all mothers who, by the will of fate, lost their sons. Reasoning on the theme of life and death, the poet writes that "with every new victim of the battle, I feel sorry not for my friend, not for my wife, I feel sorry for not the hero himself."
The author emphasizes that no matter how deep the spiritual wound, sooner or later it will still heal. A widow will find solace in her daily chores, children will grow up with the thought that their father did not give his life for his homeland in vain. However, the mothers of the dead soldiers will never be able to cope with their all-consuming grief and come to terms with such a loss. “She will not forget to the grave!” - the poet notes, stressing that the tears of a mother who lost her son in the war are “holy” and “sincere”. Such women will never recover from the blow that they received from fate, "how not to lift the weeping willow of its drooping branches."
Despite the fact that this poem was written a century and a half ago, it has not lost its relevance today. It is unlikely that Nekrasov could have assumed that even in the 21st century, Russia will continue to fight. However, he knew for sure that the only people who would always remember the fallen soldiers were their old mothers, for whom their sons would always remain the best.