The main types of fear are known to the majority of the population of the globe. All people are afraid of something, and in this circumstance there is nothing surprising. They may have absolutely different fears, but they all are somehow connected with his existence and self-sustaining. The fact that everyone wants to feel certain confidence in the future. Someone phobia can be in its infancy and do not interfere with a completely different help of a specialist. Some phobias worsen the quality of life that people cease to appreciate themselves and their merits. The types of human fears can be divided into several groups.
Childhood fears
Types of children's fears are often found in adults. Full healthy and prosperous people can be afraid of certain things, outwardly quite harmless. These include fear of darkness, fear of being in a new, unfamiliar place for themselves. Sometimes children have fear to remain alone, which in adulthood is transformed into a steady fear of loneliness. These things can exist in a person for many years and to prevent his self-realization. Types of fear in children are often transformed into obsessive thoughts, terrible dreams and a common alarming state. Parents are not recommended to leave no attention to such a state of affairs, because the emotional state of the child can worsen, lead to closedness, depression, and even aggressiveness.
Social fears
Types of social fears indicate that a person is difficult to communicate with others. He may not show this, but phobias are gradually developing and fully subordinate to themselves the life of the individual. To cope with them, it is often necessary to contact the specialists. It is important not to try to escape from the state of seeming hopelessness, but to properly configure yourself to exit from the difficult situation. Only in this case can be felt like a truly strong and self-sufficient person. Types of manifestation of fear can be different.
For sociophobia The individuality of a person suffers, since the person cannot fully develop, if something limits it. Social interaction It is necessary in order not to lose sense of belonging to a specific society. Even if relations with people cannot be called satisfactory, it is not a reason to refuse them at all. Certainly prevents from feeling happy and self-sufficient. Individual is so focused on its inner world, which he becomes impossible to understand others. It is best in this case not to try to protect yourself from the outside world, but to start looking for the inner rod in yourself.
It is expressed in fear public speeches. It is associated with the fear of negative assessment of the team. Typically, those personality, which, in one degree or another, experienced a persistent rejection of the society of personal views and beliefs are subject to this fear. Some people were attacked and emotional violence. Having such an experience becomes very difficult to interact with others. After all, it will constantly pursue the idea of \u200b\u200bpossible betrayal.
Spatial fears
Usually, their presence indicates the existing emotional disorders. Nervous system It experiences overload and therefore it cannot adequately react to stimuli. Spatial fears are found quite often, especially in major citieswhere a person often feels lonely.
Agoraphobia it is expressed in fear before open space. The individual is experiencing a real horror of perspective just to go out. So even a campaign for the store for products can turn into a tremendous test. Such people can not leave space alone own house. They are afraid to make decisions, discover the inability to act in accordance with their internal beliefs. The world around the world is often represented by him. dangerous MozFrom which you want to hide.
Acrophobiacalled irrational fear of height . This mental disorder, expressed in the abnormal fear of height, which keeps its owners in the vice throughout their lives. Acrophobia is widespread and included in the top ten most typical phobias: according to some of these, it suffers about 10% of the entire population of the Earth.
manifests itself in fear of closed space. A person can start taking panic, approaching the elevator, refuses to attend any premises if they cannot be left under their wishes. In most cases, such people cannot walk somewhere without accompaniment.
Hydrophobia or aquaphobia - phobia associated with the fear of water. People exposed to her are afraid not only to swim, but also approach the water, look at her, wash and sometimes even drink water. In some cases, the pathological fear can cause not only water itself, but also different liquids and drinks.
Nosophobia
This kind of fear is found in modern society often. Fear of illness pursues many people. It stems from fear of death, from the realization that no one is eternal. It is key, since each person is in one degree or another is afraid to die. Nozophobia can make an individual closed, indecisive and passive. A person embraced by fear to get sick, can infinitely check his health. And even when the results of numerous studies are represented by quite convincing, it becomes impossible to prove anything. Fear of illness is sometimes so strong that the individual begins to listen to any of his unreason and makes tragedy out of everything. This painful state is also called a hypochondriatic disorder. One of the species is the fear of getting cancer (carcherophobia).
Thus, the types of fear in psychology can be completely dissimilar on each other. The main thing is that they are united - this is that they largely limit the development of the personality, prevent her happy maidos. With fears, it is necessary to fight. Otherwise, they will subordinate to themselves the will of the individual, and a person will not be able to implement its main goals. If it is difficult for you to cope with the existing problem yourself, you can seek help in the center of psychology Irakli Fairy. Working with a professional will help defeat despair and a sense of hopelessness. It is necessary to work on yourself in order to achieve mental equilibrium.
New popular
Emotional dependence is such a state of psyche, in which a person cannot fully rely on himself. Especially they suffer from [...]
The psychological health of a person today applies to the number of the most sought-after topics relating to self-development. Most people pay attention to their own feelings. [...]
Many women are familiar with the concept of postpartum depression. It would seem where to take a feeling of hopelessness and apathy in such a joyful period in life? [...]
Fear of dogs is a fairly common phenomenon, especially if a person has experienced an attack from the animal. Similar [...]
Many people on the eve of significant events, responsible events, fateful change covers anxiety. As a rule, a person feels an emotion and excitation at [...]
Shyness - a rattling mixture from a variety of adverse components inner world. Shy personality - shy, indecisive, fearing. It is covered by the spectrum of negative [...]
A typical phenomenon of modernity - a child regularly or from time to time shows a unfortunate aggression and a lute cruelty. The aggressiveness of children and adolescents [...]
Depression, according to psychiatric statistics, is the most common disease of this direction. According to statistics, one or another species of depression, and their [...]
A crisis The incompleteness complex is a combination of behavioral reactions that affect the self-satisfaction of the individual, make it feel unable to feel. [...]
Depression Asthenic depression is one of the most common depression, the name of which is translated as "mental exhaustion". This disease appears in [...]
Phobia
To defeat the enemy, you need to know it. Even if it is inside you. Fear - enemy or friend?
The classification of fears must first classify. Because there are many aspects, the characteristics for which the types of fears and phobias can be laid on different shelves.
Among them:
- the power of perception;
- causes of occurrence;
- objectivity;
- consequences, etc.
From pofigism to phobia
There are 3 degrees of human response to external stimuli:
- Fearlessness, Easy fear, Popigism. Such emotions have the happiness to experience or do not know what they are creating (for a long time), or with an atrophied sense of self-preservation or exaggerated confidence in Happy and, or, on the contrary, those who are tired of living. Extreme, abnormal state.
- Danger warning fear. Is it worth saying that this healthy normal feeling of self-preservation has so far saved our civilization from extinction. Isn't it to be afraid of their relatives, warning them about danger. Be afraid of war and do everything so that it is not. Being bites bees and wear protective clothing.
- Panic, phobia. The same extreme step of fear, only with the opposite amplitude. In this state, not a person manages his feelings, and they them. Fear goes to the spread. The sick person (deviation from the norm - the disease) is afraid of the fear itself, his consciousness obeys only the inner panic. Get a phobia.
Types of insurance
According to Karvasarsky
In scientific circles, each of them, even rarely, invented its international terminology. In total these mental disorders there are about a thousand.
In Carvasarsky there are 8 groups of different phobias:
1. Spatial fears:
- Claustrophobia - fear of closed premises.
- Agorafobia - fear of open space.
- Acrophobia - fear of height.
- Batofobia - Fear of depth, etc.
2. Social fears:
- Heterophobia - rejection of the opposite sex.
- Neophobia - fear of any change, etc.
3. Fear of disease. They are also very much to list a separate list.
4. Fear of death.
5. Fear of sex.
6. Fear of causing harm to others.
7. Contrast fears, that is, fear somehow stand out.
8. The most incomprehensible, but from this and the most relevant - the fear of fear, which actually generates phobias.
On Freud and Kaplan
Classification of carvasarsky is complex and relative. More strictly approached Sigmunt Freud.. In his opinion, there exists two categories of fear:
- real;
- neurotic.
Compare S. scientific works Another psychologist Kaplan.In them, the famous scientist considered the division of human fears on:
- constructive;
- pathological.
As they do not call them, but both scientists came together in one that the first fears are called to help a person save their own and someone else's life, and the second are signs of destructive disease.
InterestingIn psychology, these two subgroups exist in each point separately. Take, for example, social fears. Inside this large group there are many different subgroups. However, any of them can become neurotic pathology or in moderate real quantities to help survive in hard situation, become constructive.
Theory Y. Shcherbaty
In 2000, the psychologist Yu. Scherbaty put forward his classification of human fears. In his opinion, they can be three species.
1. Natural fears. All that is associated with natural phenomena cause justified concerns:
- storm;
- storm;
- earthquake;
- strong wind etc
Nothing amazing that they cause fears even among educated people. At the genre level, we are recorded, to fear of all the unknown. Today we understand perfectly from where the legs grow that the earth shakes from the movement of the layers earth crustAnd Magma in the depths does not want to live calmly, but it does not become more fun.
Part of the nature are snakes, mice, cockroaches and another "pleasant" living creature. Our natural squeamishness towards them, published from under control, also belongs to natural fears.
2. Social fears.According to Y. Shcherbati, confirmed by the data of sociological surveys, to such belong:
- if only there was no war. It is characteristic of people who survived the war, but not participating in hostilities;
- fear for their loved ones;
- fear of crime, riots and hooliganism;
- fear of poverty;
- of death;
- bosses, publicity, scenes;
- fear of any changes in life, etc.
3. Domestic fears. Scared a little baby scary beech that lives under the bed. Greater uncle grew up, and the fear of childhood remained, and still before going to bed, he looks under the bed. The patient who is emitted with stupid "teachers" implants such monsters that the slurry and cockroaches are very far from them! They are difficult not to be afraid.
The thin line between these three groups of fears is actually very blurred. For example, the inner invented fear of the suction swamps of a large crowd is difficult not to attribute also to social. And if this is a crowd of bears, sucking into your whirlpool?! Here is already the natural foundation of fear breaks.
Graduation by age
As in all other non-mathematical and not physical categories of the boundaries of definitions are very blurred. An early matured child can and in 16 feel quite an independent person. Simultaneously there are adult 40-year uncle, who are unsuitable for life, existing on the mother's benefits. 
Childhood fears
In the first months of life, the baby lives with the genetic reserve of survival reflexes. He is afraid when he throws up, loud sounds, other people's people. These are normal structural emotions that divide in turn on animals, social and izh.
As a result of incorrect parenting or impacts of any extreme phenomena, neurotic fears may appear. If the "good" teachers locked the child in a closet or storage room, it will certainly develop claustrophobia.
Children's negative experiences include the internal, already described above fear of fabulous non-existent characters. Viewed Adult Horror Films Roll over the rapid children's psyche, and cruel punishment for bad marks will add panic in front of classroom lessons.
Fears of an adult man
You have already finally made sure that the beech bucis do not live, but you are haunting the fear of cockroaches, mice, snakes. Yes, this adult phobia from the previous section "Animals fears".
Or are you afraid that you will throw your favorite? No, you are not sorting ashamed to go to the podium and read your report. You consider yourself unworthy and afraid of condemning other people. Or maybe you are exorbitantly walking your children, fearing that they will catch up, will fall under the car, they will not get lost. Even if your adult son is a walrus and karate champion, sits in the Metro car of the London Subway?
Fears of the elderly
For some reason, it seems to everyone that old people are afraid of death. Yes, but no more than 20-30 year olds. Of course, the average pension fears are slightly different from children's and adults:
- Along with the fear of darkness, height and pain, an elderly person acquires fear of getting sick and become a burden of near.
- It disappears completely concerned that someone will not love you, will not understand or reject.
Over the years, not only facial features are exacerbated, issuing character, but also very outstanding character traits. A greedy man turns into a plush, cowardly ceases to open the door even familiar. These are fears that have grown in phobias.
Ideally, the table classification of human fears should have three-dimensional forms. On one axis, it will be possible to postpone the transfer of various phobias collected in the association, on another axis you will write two concepts of fear derived by Freud and the Kaplan, and the third axis will devote the age characteristics of the fears of phobias and fears.
Video: Where do fears come from? How to overcome your fear?
The word "phobia" in our time is known to everyone. This is a pathology that manifests itself in the form of fear of a certain subject, an event, being and other. All people in one way or another are afraid of something. In most cases, this is normal, because if there were no elementary fear, people would have no instinct of self-preservation. But if the feeling of anxiety does not allow to live calmly, forcing the problem to focus on the problem, we are talking On the pathology, which must certainly be treated. In psychiatry there are many varieties of fear. They all arise by different reasons and are treated in different ways. Consider a list of all human phobies and their meaning.
For convenience, sorting phobias / fear alphabetically. The tables contain a list of all human phobies.
| Name of fear | What a man is afraid |
| Ablutopobia | To swim |
| Aviafobia | Fly by the plane |
| Agoraphobia | Large outdoor premises, squares |
| Aquaphobia | Water |
| Acrophobia | Feeling of fear of height |
| Alginofobia | Pain |
| Amnesifobia | Lose memory |
| Androfobia | Fear of men and intimate proximity with them |
| Ankylophobia | Fear arises with the thought of immobility |
| Antofobiya | Alarm or panic at the sight of colors |
| Asthenophobia | Weakness |
| Atazagorafobia | Be forgotten |
| Autofobia | Stay without spouse |
| Automiisophobia | Get dirty |
| Hamaxophobia | Transport on wheels |
| Hamofobia | Non Marriage (Women of Marriage, Men Marriage |
| Gatophobia | Cats (only domestic) |
| Gedonophobia | Pleasant sensations, joyful feeling |
| Hematofobia | Blood (panic is so strong that a person can lose consciousness) |
| Geraskofobia | Old age |
| Herpetophobia | Snake |
| Heterophobia | Representatives of the opposite sex |
| Hydragophobia | Mercury substances |
| Gilophobia | Woodland |
| Highepiafobia | Responsibility for anything |
| Hypnotobia | Hypnosis |
| Hippofobia | Horses |
| Gnosophobia | New Knowledge |
| Godofobiya | Panic fear of travel |
| Homophobia | Manifests itself in fear (right up to hatred) to homosexuals |
| Gravidophobia | Pregnancy and pregnant women |
| Cairofobia | Total new (people, things, events) |
| Kakophobia | Strikes, beatings |
| Carcherophobia | Crop the cancer |
| Cardiophobia | Cardiovascular diseases |
| Cairofobia | Wounds at hairdressers |
| Famophobia | Dogs |
| Kifophobia | Slope, hump on his back |
| Panic fear of closed space | |
| Klegeaniophobia | Thiefs, robbery |
| BradObiya | Fear and disgust to all the varieties of insects |
| Koinophobia | Fear of crowded premises |
| Coimetrophobia | Panic at the sight of cemeteries |
| Cometophobia | Space objects and events |
| Continatorofobia | Domogania |
| Copofobia | Filkness |
| Cosmicophobia | Space objects |
| Cryophobia | Cold |
| Xerophobia | Arid weather |
| Xirofobia | Shaving machines |
| Kumpunopobia | Very rare pathology, which manifests itself with panic fear at the sight of buttons |
| Khhorofobiy | Dance |
| Papirofobia | Fear of paper, paper items |
| Paraliapobia | Make a mistake effect |
| Parapofobia | Performing your duty |
| Parthenofobia | Virgins |
| Patroofobios | Inheritance diseases |
| Peyrafobia | Speak, pronounce about the public |
| Pyrophobi | Fire |
| Placophobia | Mogil |
| Piteloticopobia | Political figures |
| Protopobia | Development of proctitis |
| Psychofobia | Mental people |
| Pantonophobia | Feather birds |
| Selafobia | Sveta |
| Silencefobia | Silence |
| Sinofobia | Total Chinese |
| Citophobia | Eat |
| Scotomatobia | Blindness |
| Sophophobia | Learn something new |
| Located in society | |
| Speedofobia | AIDS |
| Stavrophobia | Crosses |
| Steenophobia | Too narrow rooms |
| Suicidophobia | Coming suicide |
| Thalassofobiya | Large water space (sea, ocean) |
| Tanatofobia | End of Life |
| Tafefobia | Burial zozhivo |
| Tenofobiy | Glisters infection |
| Termophobia | High temperatures |
| Tomophobia | Wild horror in front of surgical operations |
| Traumatophobia. | Damage, wounds, traumatic situations |
| Tredekafobia | Numbers 13. |
| Tuberculosisophobia | Infection and development of tuberculosis |
These tables provide lists and values \u200b\u200bof common phobias. But in fact, they are much more, which once again proves the prevalence of psyche diseases in our time.
The most common fears
We have already figured out what phobias are in humans. Now consider the most common of them. In psychiatry, there are about 10 fears, with whom the clients of psychotherapists are most often faced. Consider a list of the most frequent phobias and their meaning.
- Panic in front of closed spaces, referred to in the psychiatry of claustrophobia.
- Horror at the sight of deceased and funeral rituals, which is called necrofobi.
- An insurmountable fear of airfares - Aerofobia.
- Horror covering in dark places or premises. - NOPOBIA.
- Fear is at the height - acrofobia. People with this pathology have horror when lifting up. They cannot walk in the mountain or elementary to stand on a stool.
- Panic at the sight of spiders - arachnophobia. This pathology refers to the most common variety of zoophobia.
- Strong fear of dentists and dental procedures. Such people refuse to treat, even if the situation with the teeth is critical.
- Fear of snakes - officyophobia. As a rule, the reptiles are afraid of all, but the officiyophobia is intrusive. They refuse to visit pet shops, zoos and other places where snakes can dwell.
- Panic, developing in a person at the sight of blood, is hemophobia. The horror is so strong that at the sight of hemophobic blood can lose consciousness.
- Another frequent variety of fear is a film fobia when a person is panicing dogs.
List of human phobies who meet most often in lately The carcurofobia has been replenished - fear of becoming a cancer. Partly, this is due to the increasing cancer on the planet. More customers are treated for psychotherapists with the goal of liberation from obsessive thoughts About malignant disease.
"Star" phobias
Celebrities no less often and even more ordinary people susceptible to fear. Fear of anything can reach absurd. Consider what fears of stars are.
- Nicole Kidman is experiencing wild horror at the form of butterflies. What is interesting, cockroaches and mice do not cause any emotions from the star.
- Mind Tourman suffers from claustrophobia, which developed from her after the filming of the film, where she had to go to the coffin. Now the actress is afraid of elevators and closed premises.
- Orlando Bloom is famous for its fear of pigs. His pathology also developed due to filming. Big boar escaped from the cage and rushed after the actor.
- Oprah Winfri does not tolerate chewing gum. Her fear of childhood, when another little girl grandmother scared the punishment at school for their chewing. The fear turned out to be so strong that the celebrity is so far.
- Scarlett Johanson is afraid of birds to horror. The fear of birds developed from the actress as a result of the filming of the film "We bought a zoo", during which Peacock broke out, frightened the star.
Fears of people are endless, and celebrities are no exception. With many of them you can safely live, while some strongly poison life and require specialized care.
Human phobias: Classification of Carvasarsky
It is very difficult to group all fears in categories. But the specialists still managed to divide the pathology data on the classification. In psychiatry use the list of Carvasarsky. This is a famous psychiatrist, dividing phobias / fear by Faba. Consider the same list of human phobias in Carvasarsky with explanations:
| Types of phoby | Examples |
| Panic before society when a person is unbearable to be among people, it is impossible to criticize in his address | This classification includes the fear of a large accumulation of people, public speeches, new acquaintances, the opposite sex and other |
| Phobias / fear of harm to themselves or others | Fear of infection, injured (hence and panic to acute subjects), fear of committing suicide, harm others |
| Phobias that are associated with moving in space | This includes fear of ride by public transport, the fear of height, closed and open spaces and much more |
| Fear of getting sick, to infect unpleasant disease | Fear of oncology, venereal and other diseases |
| Fear to make a bad act in relation to yourself or other people | Fearful obscene vocabulary, bad behave in the public |
| Fears related to the intimate sphere | Panic before sex, fear get pregnant, give birth |
| Fears associated with their own death | Most often people are afraid to be buried alive |
| Secondary fears that develop against the background of fear due to the existing phobia | If the phobia is not treated, on its background, additional pathologies are developing over time, requiring more serious treatment |
We reviewed a list of types of human phobias in Carvasarsky. This is the main classification that is used in psychiatric practice. But there are other varieties of fears.
What are phobias: primary and secondary pathology
Speaking about the types of phobias, it is important to note that they are divided into primary and secondary. The list of primary phobias is great, we considered it above. If, for example, a person is afraid to fly by plane, his fear is called Aerophobia. It refers to primary pathology. But when other disorders are attached to her on her background, we are talking about secondary deviation. Additionally, it can develop, for example, the fear of height or closed space.
It is worth noting that phobias are successfully treating hypnosis. This is one of the methods by which you can forever overcome your fears, eradicating the root cause of their development. There are other treatments that have proven no less efficiency. The main thing is the desire and attitude to the victory. If phobias are not treated, further depression, neurosis, psychosis can develop.
There is no people in the world who would not be afraid of anything. Everyone in his life came across inner and more than once. But the nature is the strongest negative emotion It's clear not all. People wonder: what fear is and how to identify its reasons. And also try to understand how to get rid of obsessive states caused by the fear of certain things.
Psychology of fear
For centuries, the feeling of fear causes confusion in people. The problem was paid a lot of attention from religion, and by philosophy, painters and sculptors were trying to assess the status. With the advent of psychology in the 19th century, the phenomenon began to consider with scientific vision. Fear was named interiordue to the state of a real or imaginary threat. When a person perceives the situation like a dangerous, the body gives a signal. Relationships towards the world and phobias are individual, and experts talk about hundreds of their varieties.
Benefit and harm fear
Psychologists claim: although the emotion of fear is negatively painted, in small quantities it can even be useful. And in general, there are fears and phobias - ok. This does not mean that every person who collided with an insurmountable fear of something should live all his life under the fear. When phobia became a problem, it should be struggling with her, but to destroy every manifestation of fear - it means to go against nature. After all, historically fear of unknowns defended people from negative external factors.
What useful fear?
The benefits of fear consists in his main function: Protect a person from danger (in other words, include). Only at first glance, this emotion is useless, but it originated in the process of evolution to protect the individual from the surrounding troubles, external factors and threats. You can call the following situations when fear is useful:
- The fear of height saves from falling. Water - from the storm. Darkness - from meeting with robbers and rapists in the evening park.
- Fear of unknown and the inner flair protects from communicating with the danger of objects (matches, knives), people and animals.
- With dangerous situations, the brain is produced, which has a positive effect on the muscle tone.
- The tide of adrenaline in the blood becomes the reason that the person begins to figure out and act faster, more coordinated. But not always.
Harm fear
The absence of fear would put humanity on the edge of extinction, but in some cases fear harmful. The feeling of the threat does not always help a person to act at the limit of its capabilities. Another scenario for the development of events in the carrying risk of the situation looks like this:
- movements are apparent;
- breathing is broken, shot down;
- a person cannot figure out and act normally;
- there are panic attacks.
Types of insurance
Depending on the classification, fears can be divided into several groups. For example, Freud shared all emotions of this kind on real and neurotic, and his colleague is a potential psychologist - on pathological and constructive. That is, the first view really helps a person to survive, these are the so-called biological fears, and the second is the cause of the disease. In scientific circles, it is customary to unite phobias in 8 groups:
- Spatial (fear of depth, height, closed spaces, etc.).
- Social (people of a certain gender, status, reluctance of change, etc.).
- Fear of death.
- Danger to get infected with various diseases.
- Contrasting fear is unwillingness to stand out.
- Fear cause harm.
Russian psychologist Yu. Scherbaty had its idea of \u200b\u200bwhat fears are. He is divided into three groups:
- Social is excitement about the own well-being and their loved ones, before public opinion, publicity, changes in life, etc.
- Natural, that is, associated with natural phenomena (thunderstorm, storm, etc.).
- The internal, which were "laid" in childhood.
But more accurate will be separated by all phobias and alarms for three (four) groups:
- Biological - that is, associated with health and life.
- Social - associated and change status in society.
- Existential - internal, in which the deep essence of man is revealed.
- A separate group - children's fears.
Social fears
Perhaps the most extensive group of fears that look in several classifications - social. Their peculiarity is that the objects on which phobia is directed are not real danger. They can flow out of biological fears - like, for example, children's fear of pain from injections is rooted and the subsequent becomes a pathological dislike of people in white coats. With age, the social aspect replaces biological. It is customary to share fears of people of this kind on the following types:
- the fear of subordination (in front of the head, teacher, etc.);
- fear failures;
- reluctance to take responsibility (in the family, team);
- fear of loneliness and inattention;
- afraid of rapprochement with others;
- fear of evaluation and condemnation.
Biological fears
The nature itself is laid out to experience a sense of fear and anxiety in front of phenomena, threatening the life of a person and his relatives, for example, predatory and poisonous animals, cataclysms. Such phobias are significantly due to the reason that causes the excitement is really hazard. More biological fears are characterized by:
- congenity - their presence is laid by instincts of self-preservation;
- mass propagation - similar phobias are peculiar to all people.
Existential fear
The essence of man is manifested in the third group of phobias: existential. They are caused in deep cerebral structures, are not always aware of the person and "live" in the subconscious, therefore it is difficult to treat (if such is required). These include:
- fear of oneself;
- fear of space (closed, open, height);
- fear before the irrevocability of time, future, death;
- the emergence of anxiety before the unnamedness, the riddles of this world.
Childhood fears
Separate category - Children's alarms transferred to adult life. This is the main emotion - fear, and it is manifested in the womb when the baby reacts to the experiences of the mother. Biological fears (bright light, loud sounds, etc.) are characteristic of the first months of life. it protective mechanisms. But if a tendency to certain phobias is transmitted at the genetic level, most likely that children's emotions will grow into the social fears of an adult.
How to get rid of fear?
Having a clear idea what fear is, and understanding its reasons, a person can try to eradicate them to get rid of them forever. Detailed analysis Problems helps to cope with it. There are many proven ways to cure fear. Psychology calls some effective methods:
- Action against anxiety.
- Logical understanding possible consequences Situations. Maybe worried about and nothing.
- Visualization of phobia - on paper or in the head.
- Training courage.
If we are talking about sociophobia, it is also possible to cope with it. There are some psychological techniques and ways how to overcome the fear of communication:
- new dating and extension of the horizons;
- virtual communication, telephone conversations;
- consultation of the psychologist.
Pills from fear
It is important to understand that such an emotion, as fear, has not always caused natural causes. If the alarms are caused by neurological and psychological problemsHelps medication treatment. Neuter-free medicine from fear can be bought in pharmacies. These include:
- herbs and extracts - Valerian, Roseola, Motherboard;
- homeopathic preparations;
- Bades;
- nootropic drugs - adaptol, phenibut, pantogam.
Sometimes various drugs can really help eliminate excitement, but not long. For example, for a person who is afraid to fly by plane, it is easier to drink a tablet before a rare flight than to undergo a long course of psychotherapy. Regular use of antidepressants and stabilizers will be able to reduce the feeling of anxiety, but if the root of fear lies in the depths, one tablets will not help. It is necessary to carry out work on yourself.
The worst troubleshoot method is to dug or run away from them. With any phobias - secret and obvious, which interfere in life, you need to fight, boldly look in the face of danger and our own weaknesses. It is important to understand that people do not rule over some things, and be able to put up with these types of fears. For example, do not try to defeat death or avoid all natural cataclysms. People must listen to the instinct of self-preservation, but not to stir up on their fears.
It should be distinguished by the fears of "normal" and fears of pathological. "Normal" fears are a manifestation of instinct of self-preservation, therefore it is considered the usual phenomenon for the mental development of the child. Not afraid of anything, too open baby defenseless in the face of life situations. He exposes himself to danger, can be injured or may even die because of his "fearlessness." But completely fearless children simply do not exist.
Biological fears are, above all, rudimentary fears, atavisms, reflecting initial defenselessness ancient man In front of nature: fear of thunderstorms, open space, heights, fast moving items and animals, sharp sounds, etc. The overwhelming number of such children's fears is temporary, in adults, they exist no longer as fears, but in the form of unpleasant sensations that have to overcome the efforts of the will. Each fear or type of fears appears only at a certain age and coincides with the so-called ramps in the psychomotor development of the child. For example, with the start of self-walking and receipt more than Freedoms in the development of space in the child appears fear of height. Or at the time when the child is already starting to recognize his loved ones, the appearance of a stranger, an unfamiliar face causes him fear.
Children's fears, if they relate to them correctly, to understand the reasons for their appearance, most often disappear without a trace. It is only necessary to not focus on them that these fears are not entrenched. The gradual accumulation of sufficient experience and knowledge during active interaction with the world will allow the child to cope with their fears, be confident. Thus, children's fears in the case of normal development are an important link in the regulation of the child's behavior and in general have positive value. There is a different case of pathological fears (phobias), inadequate life situations. Such fears sharply adversely affect the general physical and mental well-being of the child, inhibit and distort its development.
Pathological fears are very numerous and diverse in their manifestations. In very general They are divided into situational and personally determined. Fears are also real and imagined, sharp and chronic. Real and sharp fears are usually predetermined by the situation, although inadequate to it, and imaginary and chronic - personality features, that is, this classification is directly closed on general systematization. In some cases, the line between natural situational fears and fear of pathological is extremely thin. For example, any person, being during a thunderstorm outside the house, is quite naturally afraid of sparkling lightning and thunder strikes, as it feels that it can threaten death. But if a child, being at home, regularly climbs from a thunderstorm under the table or under the bed, despite the persons of the parents, is already pathology
Fear tends to strengthen in the evening and night, often accompanied by illusory decets of perception, a sense of presence of foreign, extra -pine hallucinations, pareidolia, and in some cases - tactile and visual hallucinations. Fear is closely related to the difficulties of falling asleep, the intermittentness of sleep, insomnia, nightmares. Pathological fear in childhood and adolescence Arises in the structure different options Schizophrenia flows, with epilepsy, neurosis, fearful and disturbing - childish depressions. (N. Iovchuk).
Fear undifferentiated (optionless).It is understood as protopatic fear with the experience of diffuse, not specified in a certain content of the threat. It is combined with common motor concernsity, somadegital symptoms (tachycardia, redness, pale, sweating, etc.). In these states, unpleasant somatic sensations close to somatoalgias, sensestopathy are possible. This fear is not associated with a psychologically understandable traumatic situation, the verbalization of the state is limited to the statement of fear without interpretation. The child can not give a verbal report on his experiences, is limited to individual statements: "Scary!", I'm afraid, etc. This type of fear is often accompanied by a common alertness, feeling the possibility of danger from not only unauthorized persons, but also relatives, threats from the whole environment. It may occur both in neurosis, neurosis-like states (somatogenic, residual - organic) and in schizophrenia (V. Bashina, A. Golik, V. Mamzva, N. Simashkova).
Fear frightened.The content of fear is peculiar, unusual. The child is afraid of a "black joke", which fictional to them "Old Woman". Characterized for schizophrenia patients
Fear night.States of pronounced fear and motor excitation during night sleep; It arises mainly in children of preschool and younger school age.
The emergence of night fear can precede real experiences during the daytime - psychotrauming situations, fright, for example, when watching horror movies. In dreams reflected frightening images or thoughts. During depressive states, dreams often arise, reflecting the plots of death, awakening during night sleep with a cry, crying, fear, dentalgia. With toxic and infectious psychosis, the fear of the night contains the phenomena of abortive delicacy. In schizophrenia, the fear of night may be associated with the awesome dreams reflecting the autistic experiences of the patient, usually strange, symbolic content. In fears, a dream with depersonalization, hallucinatory, delusional experiences may be reflected. With exacerbation of the disease, the fear of night is manifested in the form of onritic-hallucinatory states. In patients with epilepsy, the fears of night may be associated with a dysphory with a shade of dyingness and aggressiveness, and sometimes with a twilight disorder of consciousness.
Allocate 4 options for night fears.
1. Fears night delusional character. Are the age modality of hallucinatory or delusional syndromes and are similar to the daily fear of this nature. As a rule, at the moment of night awakening, the child is experiencing frightening (more often visible) hallucinations (sees the "burning eyes", hears the frightened sounds) or experiences diffuse impregnable fear with a feeling of spilled threat. He cries, shouts: "Hold him!", "Scary!", Sometimes my mother calls, but, as a rule, he does not recognize it and does not answer questions or frightened, pushes, challenges, calling "evil aunt", "Sordring", What points to the presence of false recognition. Consciousness is changed according to delicious - onairoid type. Fora partial amnesia - memories of fears of fragmented, as memories of dreams, are observed with the exit in wakefulness. Fears night delusional nature develop most often on initial stages bred schizophrenia.
2. Fear of non-differency (epileptiform). Remind the fears of night epileptic nature, but differ in greater simplicity of the picture, lack of rhythm and stereotype. There are in case of somatic diseases with toxicosis and fever, as well as in a subacute and remote period of brain infections and injuries.
3. Fears Night Paroxgamal - in the structure of temporal epilepsy. Arise and stopped suddenly without any connection with dreams. Consciousness is deeply changed by type of twilight permanent, contact with children is impossible. Often, this version of the night fear is combined with automated actions, movements, incoherent statements, are sometimes accompanied by involuntary urine or defecation. The whole complex picture is characterized by stereotype of development, repeating every time in the same "set" at a certain time of night sleep and with known rhythm. The state is completely amnesized. Paroxysmal night fears, as a rule, disappear or replaced by more typical convulsive seizures.
4. The fears of night (conventionally) of a utasive nature arising from the reactive mechanism after the psychotrauma experienced. Sleeping such a child is worried, filled with exciting, painful dreams. Fears are the emotional climax of experiences and as if to continue sleep with a decrease in its depth and transition in a state of changed consciousness. The child becomes restless, shouting, crying. The statements reflect the psychotrauming situation and psychologically understandable ("Do not Bay Mom", "I will teach the lessons!", "Saw!"). Sometimes the child is able to install partial contact, get an answer to the question. In the morning, the child, as a rule, amnesies the fear itself and its behavior, however, can convey the content of dreams (L. Danilova).
Modern psychology Allocate the following types of fears:
- obsessive fears;
- crazy fears;
- Ultra-worthless fears.
TO intrusive Fear are: gypsophobia (height fear), clawstrapobia (fear of closed spaces), agrofobia (fear of open spaces), Sitophobia (fear of eating), etc. Obsessive children's festivities hundreds and thousands; Everything is definitely impossible to list. These fears, the child is experiencing in certain, specific situations, is afraid of circumstances that may entail them.
Dead Fears are fears, the reasons for whose appearance is simply impossible. As, for example, explain why the child is afraid of a night pot, refuses to take one or another food (fruits, vegetables or meat), is afraid to put on slippers or tie laces. Drainy fears often indicate serious deviations in the child's psyche, can serve as the beginning of the development of autism. Children with delusional fears can be found in nursery nursery and hospitals, since it is the hardest form.
Fears related to some ideas (as they say with the "Fix ideas" or - this definition is more often found in special literature - uverworthy ideas) are called ultra Sunday. Initially, they correspond to any life situation, and then become so significant that you can not think about any other child. Children's ultra-worthless fears are social fears: fear of responding at the board, stuttering.