"This pompous, marble palazzo, built a few years ago, was moved to a quiet, genuine street straight from Venice, while sunbathing and hanged century-old noble mansions with irradiated columns and identical triangular roofs. So now, in an alleged hour, the neighboring structures were drowning in the darkness, and the handsome-house was shining and overflowed, similar to the fabulous Ice Palace: Luxurious Fronton on the Samonovy American Fashion was highlighted with electric lights. " So in the novel "Stat Counselor" B. Akunin describes the mansion of Banker Litvinova.
Looks like or not, judge for yourself. In the novel, the house is located on a three-bed street, and since such a street in Moscow has never been, then why would not be here to be located? And most importantly, the house does have a double, and not somewhere, but in Italy. Compare these two buildings - and if you can, find at least a couple of differences. House was built as a private residence of the merchant of the first guild of Gabriel Aslanovich Tarasova from Ekaterinodar. Initially, the surname sounded like Torosyan, but later, with the advent of wealth, "Russified". Aslan Tarasov is considered the founder of the dynasty, scattered onto the trade of cotton, and later engaged in grain and oil. His sons founded the "Manufactory of Tarasov Brothers" and moved to Moscow.
Gabriel Aslanovich, wanting to have a dwelling no less impressive than the neighbors in Spiridonovka, Morozov and Ryabushinsky, ordered the project to Academician Ivan Zoltovsky. He, being a fan of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio, took as the basis of Palazzo Tien - the palace built by the Great Arch Republic in the middle of the XVI century. True, the Russian architect slightly changed the proportions of the building - at Palladio the upper half of the lower, Zoltovsky did the opposite. In accordance with the traditions of the Mediterranean architecture, the house has overgrown inland courtyard, and on the roof - a terrace with balustrade and a veranda. For her, it was used to go from one part of the house to another, but the Russian climate of such liberty does not forgive, so that when the roof flowed, the terraces had to make indoors (in Soviet times they turned into office space).
In terms of technical terms, the building was very modern: near the black staircase there was a cargo elevator, in the basement heating boilers were placed, served steam into heating radiators, and hot water - in the machine of their own laundry. Zoltovsky tried to make impeccable stylization under the Renaissance: from the door portals encrushed and the granite to the courtyard with terraces and a small fountain in the form of a stone bowl with three sea skates. The image of the Renaissance Palace of the Renaissance was created by the abrasions of the halls with huge frescoes on the selected ceilings, chandeliers made by special sketches, antique furniture and lamps. For the painting of the ceilings (copies of the works of Pinturikkyo, Tintoretto, Titian and Julio Romano) were invited to Ignatius Nivinsky, Evgeny Lancere and Vikence Trophimov.
But no matter how hard the builders and artists tried, to celebrate the housewarming to the customer did not happen: he died until the end of work in 1911. On the facade of the mansion facing the Spiridonovka, there was a proud inscription on Latin Gabrielus Tarassof Fecit Anno Domini, that is, "Gabriel Tarasov built a year of our era," but no one has ever stailed the date. I did not happen to live in this house and sons of Gabriel Aslanovich - Georgia and Sarkis. Wanting to reduce the amount of the inheritance tax, the heirs tried to undertake the cost of the house, but these figures were protesting, and the bias began to be launched for several years - until the revolution itself, in one fellows with all the property issues of the Tarasov family.
After moving the Soviet government from Petrograd to Moscow, a drug addict on foreign affairs worked here, then the administration of American assistance (ARA) and the USSR Supreme Court, the Committee on Physical Culture and Sports, the Embassy of Poland and Germany, and since 1979 the building occupies the Institute of Africa. From the initial setting of the house to the present day nothing came, but the ceiling frescoes were well preserved. No matter how surprisingly, in the storms and wars of the last century, the genus Tarasov also managed to survive. The representative of another branch of this family, Aslan Aleksandrovich, after the revolution, took out a family from Moscow and was reached through Paris through Constantinople. His son Leon rose there, who became a French writer. Awarded the Hangovsk Prize, elected to the members of the French Academy, he entered world culture under the name Henri Troyia.
The descendants of Gabriel Tarasov remaining in Russia not only did not disappear, but also managed to preserve the family "commercial vehicle". During the years of perestroika, barely in the USSR opened the opportunity to engage in private entrepreneurship, one of the first cooperatives registered Artem Mikhailovich Tarasov. There were no two years as the TV program "Look" presented him as the first legal millionaire.
(Click on the photo to enlarge it)
History reference
Building this house ordered Architect Ivan Vladislavovich Zholevsky merchant 1st Guild Gavriel Aslanovich Tarasov Owner of Ekaterinodar Large Manufactory, patron. The wealth of Tarasov brought trade to cotton. Later, he significantly expanded his profile of its activities, traded oil, grain. In Moscow, Tarasov came from Ekaterinodar. Gabriel Aslanovich belonged to the Armenian genus Tarasyan. The surname Russified and after him all became Tarasov.
This plot on the Spiridonovka Tarasov bought in 1902, in 1907 he began to demolish the previous buildings. In 1908, Architect I.V. Zoltovsky (Assistant - Engineer A. N. Ageenko) began the construction of a new mansion. The interior decoration turned out to be much more interesting than the laconic, even the gloomy facade. The richest decoration in the rooms located along the big patriarch feathers. This part was intended for living by G. A. Tarasov and his family. He did not survive until the end of construction - died in 1911, the mansion of his sons was completed. They also did not have to live in a mansion - almost all the time after the end of construction and before the revolution they conducted in litigation on the inheritance. Sons tried to reduce the cost of this building to pay less taxes. In 1917, the sons of Gabriel Aslanovich left Russia.
Now the only branch of Tarasov lives in France. One of his descendants entered the world culture under the name of Henri True, the French writer, the winner of the Honorovskaya Prize and a member of the French Academy. The descendants of Tarasova in this house are not.
The residential building has never been, although it was built as a residence. This word, perhaps, most accurately reflects the idea of \u200b\u200bGabriel Aslanovich. After the revolution and until 1937, the building held the Supreme Court of the USSR, then, before the Great Patriotic War, the mansion was transferred to diplomatic services. For some time, the German Embassy was located here, then Poland. The Institute of Africa received this building in 1979 and takes so far.
In one of the beautiful warm from the Sun and the memories of the summer of September days, I entered the parade (he is the only one) entrance of the Institute of Africa in the Big Patriarchal Lane. Inquired a concierge, where the Cabinet of the Deputy Director is located and the cheerfully walked right along the corridor ... On the stairs, according to which I rose, because of each of the two doors I was told that they had no room with such a number. Rushing into the opposite direction from the stairs, I got to the courtyard of the mansion ... I had to return to concierge. He was not surprised at my story and offered another path. The second attempt was lucky and, the front staircase brought me to the second floor, where I met the Deputy Director of the Institute. The feeling of not a complete understanding of the space in which I came to, accompanied me during the whole travel ... Only later, when I processed photos and prepared the text for an essay, I comprehected the design of the customer and architect ...
Mansion Tarasova is a copy of the Tien Palace in Vicenza (Italy) architect Andrea Paladio, the beloved architect Zholtovsky. Almost all architectural forms are borrowed from the Italian original. The proportions were removed from the Palace of Daughters in Venice; The height of the first floor by a third exceeds the height of subsequent floors. This is done to give the house of monumentality. The height of this three-story building is 17 meters, but despite its impressive size, it consists of only two apartments. This Moscow House is interesting for the integrity of the facade pronounced in it to the doors and windows of the Renaissance. Chandeliers, the sconium were part of the antiques, part of the artists are part of the artists. The door portal with marble platbands is encrusted with granite and jasma. Nothing from the initial situation did not reach this day. And in general it is not known whether furniture was brought after the end of construction. Therefore, in our essay we will only talk about architecture.
Courtyard
For me, it was a complete surprise that the house had an inner courtyard. In the center of the courtyard there is a fountain (not acting) and garden sculpture. The time of their appearance is unknown, but for sure after the end of construction and before placing the Institute of Africa. In this courtyard in the style of Italian Palazzo is always the same quiet and cozy ...
Parade part of the house
Entrance to the house
From B. Patriarch Alley, where closed arches are visible, was entry into the house. Here came on the crews, and since 1914, the sons of Tarasov used cars. Inbound Arches joined two apartments and at the same time separated them. Over the arches were open terraces. On the roof there was a balcony with a balustrade and a veranda, which could be moved from one part of the house to another. The terraces had to close, it is inconvenient to exploit them in our climate. Reservoir rooms are equipped in their place. Inbound Arches were also closed; Now there is a library. The anflated doorways are preserved, but covered with books with books. The key from the door of the library has been preserved, before they opened the entrance to the front part of the house.
In that part of the mansion, which is located along the spiridonovka on the facade there is no login and this gives the building a special monumentality. This part of the house was intended for receptions. The location of the rooms along B. Patriarch Lane and along the spiridonovka - anfladnic, i.e. From one part of the house to another, it was possible not to pass along the corridor, but through the rooms.
Blue Hall (1st floor)
Tarasov completely gave the external and internal design of the mansion on the will of the architect and artists, putting only one task: the main thing is luxury. In general, the famous mansion is the painting of the ceiling, to which such well-known theater artists-decorators were attracted as Ignatiy Ignatievich Nivinsky and Yevgeny Evgenievich Lancere (a member of the Unification of the World of Art). Nivinsky painted the apartment of the owners, and Lancer is the halls of receptions. The paintings of the ceilings are stylization under the style of revival. Painted artists for raw plaster. Nevinsky and Lancere were then very popular, fashion artists, apparently, therefore they were invited. In general, the Tarasov family was known as patrons, theater. Maybe therefore the painting ordered theatrical artists. Now the mansion sometimes visits Lancer's great-grandfather, he writes scientific work on the works of great-grandfather.
In the blue hall, as in the small and large halls for receptions on the walls, pannies for carpets, paintings or tapestries are placed. On the doors and window frames, the original fittings are preserved.
Hall (1st floor)
The walls have a concise decor, all the attention of the viewer, according to the architect, should be drawn to the ceiling. The combination of horizontal beams of the marble tree on the ceiling and bright vertical columns on the walls give space noble restrained luxury.
Great Hall for Takes
From the hall we fall into the large hall for receptions. Nowadays it is used to hold collections of the Institute.
It contains one of the three fireplaces at home. All of them existing, the staff of the institute use them. Fireplaces are made of artificial stone. Ceiling caissonized, from the moraine tree. In this room there is a special atmosphere, I would say that the solemnity dominates from all sensations. How is it achieved? Due to the combination of colors: muted shades of high frieze under the ceiling, monophonic walls, fireplace and ceiling beams ... and there on the ceiling among the moraine wood is highlighted with a gold and blue color of small fine details ... Everything else is just a background for these small colored spots.
Small reception hall
On the ceiling are visible inscriptions on Latin, for example, "Danae Pluvio Auro Perseum Conceperat" ("Damn from the rain of golden hooked"). Now here is the reading room.
First parade staircase
Eagles on the ceiling appeared at the time when the building occupied the Polish embassy. What picture here was originally not known. Mosaic panel on the stairs - the gift of the African People Institute (80s).
Hall on the second floor
In the lobby, the ceiling is visible leaks, loss of decor, the reason is that the roof was an outdoor terrace (the transition from the front part of the apartment in the residential). The roof was made poorly and constantly proceeded. Therass is closed.
Columns in the hall are made of artificial marble. It is possible to determine this can only approach them very close.
When they made an autopsy of the walls, the initial paint discovered, the walls then were gray-olive tones. Here is the second fireplace mansion.
Cabinet
Ceiling in the office - Picture Gallery. The visitor's head in a beautiful symmetry is located on antique plots. In this hall there is a 1st copy of Nivinsky (calculus inside the mansion) Pictures of the Tintoretto "Birth of the Milky Way". According to the legend, God Kronos applies goddess goddess a little Hercules to the chest to deify him because he was born of a simple woman. Splashes of milk from the chest become the stars of the Milky Way. Tintoretto had another lower part of the picture, where the milk falls to the ground and white lilies are born. The first version of this picture we saw in the small hall for receptions in the residential part of the house. Tintoretto had seven variants of this picture. But his paintings left the lower part and the presence of white lilies is transmitted from mouth to mouth as a legend. Maybe the bottom of the paintings was removed by the artist to save the proportions? Unknown.
Residential part of the house
Secondary major staircase
The second staircase leads from the Hall, which enters our time every visitor of the Institute of Africa, who has entered through the only door of the house by B. Patriarch alley. It was on her that I rose to the second floor during a happy attempt to find the office of the Deputy Director of the Institute. It may seem that on the vaulted the ceiling mosaic, in fact it is a painting, artfully imitating mosaic.
Hall 1.
Next to the staircase on the first floor there are anflay three halls. They have no names, so I use numbers. The finish of door portals is a natural stone brought from Italy. From Italy, as I was told, two very beautiful large Venetian mirrors were brought on the knot. All chandeliers in these halls of Russian work, but glass elements Venetian. The wall processing is the simplest (plaster), which uses natural stone brought from Venice. Walls are made of artificial marble.
Basically, the ceilings are caissonated, broken in different sizes of caissons. In the caissons painting based on ancient Greek mythology. Plots and images of the gods and goddesses are quite recognizable.
Hall 2.
In this part of the mansion that is located along B. Patriarch alley is the richest painting. Nevinsky's autograph is clearly visible on one of the paintings (this is not a copy from the picture of Italian masters, but the original work). Painted ceilings - copies of Tintoretto paintings, the most famous picture of his picture - the "birth of the Milky Way" is present in two versions: in the small hall for receptions and here in the city hall.
Hall 3.
The coat of arms over the fireplace is not relevant to the time of construction, he was made later by someone from the tenants.
Heating for each of the two apartments was separate (heating boilers were in the basement). In general, the house uses the most advanced technical solutions of that time. Pipes were held in the thickness of the walls, in all rooms there are radiators of steam heating. The house had electricity and bathrooms. For lifting and descent of linen, dishes, for utility work on the black staircase, a cargo elevator was made. The building has worked its own laundry.
There are a lot of rooms in Tarasov's mansion. We inspected only the most valuable with the artistic and most beautiful from aesthetic point of view.
Restoration
In the coming years, scientific reconstruction will be conducted in the mansion of Tarasov. Reconstruction should update engineering communications, roof. It is necessary to put in order floors, doors; Clean, update architectural elements: beams and stucco. The painting restorers will take place if time and money remains; Now she is in excellent safety.
That ended the journey to the Renaissance era. I saw some buildings in this style, and visited in the first time. The impression is strong ..., so much that go to it every day I would not be easy. Reflecting so, I found myself on the patriarch ponds near the pavilion. The Swan Family fed with bread crumbs. On the shore, the young mother asked her daughter not approaching birds too close. The girl still extended his fist with swans; The male did not seriously scare her. The female swam on some distance from the coast and looked at people with curiosity ...
Gratitude:
The author is grateful to the Deputy Director of the Institute of Africa RAS Olga Anatolyevna Myskina and the Chief Specialist of the Control Department of Conservation and the Use of Architecture Objects and the History of Cott Natalia Anatolyevna for Huge Assistance in the preparation of this essay.
Text and photos Sergey Selikhov
This famous mansion know many. It is worth only to move away from the patriarch ponds towards the spiridonovka, as your gaze will appear a magnificent building. However, a little managed to visit.
And today we suggest familiarizing yourself with its interiors -\u003e
At the corner of Spiridonovka Street and the Great Patriarch Lane, there is a big gray mansion, very resembling Italian palazzo of the Renaissance. This corner of Italy in Moscow is called the mansion of Tarasova or just the house of Tarasova, now it is occupied by the Institute of Africa RAS.
It is worth a little talk about the Tarasov family. This is the family of Circassian Armenians from Armavir. Initially, their surname sounded like Torosyan, but later Russified, and they all became Tarasov. The founder of the dynasty is Aslan Tarasov, which engaged in business in the south of Russia. His Son, Gabriel Aslanovich Tarasov, became the owner of Ekaterinodar large manufactory. The main wealth was brought by car trading. Later, he significantly expanded his profile of its activities, traded oil, grain. Finally, in 1902, together with its brothers Alexander and Mikhail moved from Ekaterinodar to Moscow.
The famous Moscow collector Peter Schukin recalled: "At first, the Tarasov brothers lived very modestly; We went through the railway in the third grade, carried bags with breads from black bread, which was fed expensive, wore the fearless bay fur coats in winter, but then they got rich, and we saw them in sable fur coats with beaver collars. "
Plot for the construction of the mansion of Gabriel Tarasov acquired in 1907 and the place chose it carefully. Here, on Spiridonovka, the city elite lived. Suffice it to say that the mansion of Tarasova is directly diagonally from the famous mansion of Zinaida Morozova, built by architect Shechor, now this is the home of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (see). The place it was very prestigious and not so long ago in Moscow, Gabriel Tarasov, it was necessary to have a status house worthy of the place he wanted to take in the top of the social pyramid of Moscow.
Strictly symmetrical, deprived of the front door, the Facade of the Spiridonka almost literally reproduces the Facade of the facade of Palazzo Tien, built Andrea Palladio in Vicenza in 1542-1553. The only change in the copy relative to the prototype is an enlarged height of the first floor. Following the proportions of the Venetian Doge Palace, Architect Ivan Zoltovsky made the first floor for 1/13 higher than the second. Thus, the upper floor is perceived lightweight relative to the massive first floor. How and why Zoltovsky chose Palazzo Tien's facades for the sample - left unknown.
This Moscow House is interesting for the integrity of the rebirth style expressed in it, from the facade to the doors and windows fittings. By the way, nothing from the initial setting of the mansion to this day did not come. Moreover, it is generally unknown, whether furniture was delivered here after the end of construction.
In the 1912 Architectural World Yearbook, the mansion of Tarasova was called the "fairy tale of the old days." The house on Spiridonovka was among the richest and most interesting things from the point of view of the architecture of Moscow constructions of the time. Its front facades are distinguished by monolithium and massiveness. Facing the first floor imitates granite, and the second is marble, but a house made from concrete.
In that part of the mansion, which is located along the spiridonovka, there is no login on the facade and it gives the building a special monumentality. This part of the house was intended for receptions.
If the premises along the spiridonovka were parade, then the rooms along a large patriarchal alley were intended to resolve members of the Family of Tarasov, but their inner decoration was no less magnificent than in the front halls. The location of the rooms along a large patriarch alley and along the spiridonovka - anflating, i.e. From one part of the house to another, it was possible not to pass along the corridor, but through the rooms.
The house has used the most advanced technical solutions of that time. Heating For each of the two apartments of the house was separate. Pipes were held in the thickness of the walls, in all rooms there are radiators of steam heating. The house had electricity and bathrooms. For lifting and descent of linen, dishes, for utility work on the black staircase, a cargo elevator was made. The building has worked its own laundry.
Construction of the mansion went from 1909 to 1912. Gabriel Aslanovich died in 1911, without surviving until the end of construction. The customer reminds Latin inscription on the front facade "Gabrielus Tarassof Fecit Anno Domini M", which means: "Gabriel Tarasov made a 1000 Christ from Christmas ...". Apparently, after the Latin M, denoting a thousand, they had to put the final year, but it was not stipulated because of the subsequent events, the beginning of the First World War and then revolution.
The house was completed with sons. They had to even write a statement in the council about their disagreement with such a high duty for inheritance: ".... The construction of our ownership, however, can be attributed to some way to rich, but this wealth conditionally, of course, the construction will be rich if it is folded from wild Stone, granite, but the same built of simple brick, which, through concrete, added a type of wild stone block, will have another character, i.e. Related ... The interior decoration of these mansions is also usual, excluding the ceiling flange painted by the artist, but this finish is not so good that we can confirm accounts. " Nevertheless, the government did not agree with the claims of the heirs, and they had to pay the full amount.
Heirs, George and Sarkis, did not happen to live in this house, as in 1917 the sons of Gabriel Aslanovich left Russia forever. Now the only branch of the descendants of Gabriel Tarasova lives in France.
It is worth noting that Nikolai Lazarevich Tarasov had the sad well-known Theater and patrass of Nikolay Lazarevich Tarasov. One of the descendants of Tarasov, Lev Aslanovich Tarasov, entered the world culture under the name of Henri Troyia, a famous French writer, winner of the Honorovskaya Prize and a member of the French Academy. From the genus of the same Tarasov, the first legal Soviet millionaire Artem Mikhailovich Tarasov occurs in the 1980s. I note, although he everywhere his descendant of Gabriel, in fact he is a descendant of one of the Gabriel brothers.
After the revolution and until 1937, the building held the Supreme Court of the USSR. In 1937, the German Embassy drove here. In the post-war years he was held by the Embassy of Poland. Since 1979, the House of Africa of the Russian Academy of Sciences is located in the house. As considered the magnificent mansion, the institute received thanks to his then director, Anatoly Gromyko, the son of the All-Foreign Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR Andrei Gromyko. Anatoly Gromyko was the director of the Institute from 1976 to 1991. By the way, he is still alive, and his dynasty continues. The son of Anatoly Gromyko - Alexey Gromyko in 2014 replaced Academician Nikolai Schmelev as director of the Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and in 2016 he was elected a member of the Correspondent RAS, as well as his father.
Modern office furniture, which is now in the premises of the Institute, does not represent any interest, so in the story the focus will be made on the decoration of the ceilings. However, let's not start with them.
No wonder this building is called the Italian palace, there is in it and the courtyard is a characteristic feature of the real Palazzo. It always even quietly and cozy.
In the center it is located a fountain (now not valid) and garden sculptures.
The time of the appearance of sculptures is unknown, but accurately after the end of construction and before the placement of the Institute of Africa.
Entry to the house was from the side of the Big Patriarch alley and now looks like this:
It was a cross-cutting arched train leading to the courtyard. Here came on the crews, and later the sons of Tarasov used cars. Inbound Arches connected two parts of the house and at the same time separated them. Over the arches were open terraces. On the roof was a balcony with a balustrade and a veranda, which could be moved from the front part of the house in the residential.
Unfortunately, in the 1920s, the terraces had to be closed, it was inconvenient to exploit them in our climate. On the modern photo, it is clear that there is glazing between white columns.
Entrance arch was also closed. Now there is a library of Africa Institute of Africa in the place of this pass-to-pass.
If, from the facade, travel to the courtyard had one arch, then the arches were three from the courtyard. Now they are glazed. The anflated doorways are preserved, but covered with books with books.
The library survived vaulted ceilings, an ionic order columns, as well as a large lantern on the chain. Looking at him, immediately understand that the lantern is street.
Pre-revolutionary type of arch:
Double doors and space between them indicate that there was a way out here.
Library door - former entrance. The key has been preserved - a real golden key!
Previously, they opened the entrance to the front part of the house, and now they lock the library. Door handle are also preserved.
Tarasov completely gave out the external and internal design of the mansion on the will of the architect and artists, putting only one task: "The main thing is luxury!". The mansion is famous by the painting of the ceiling, to which the famous theater artists of Ignatius Ignatievich Nivinsky and Yevgeny Evgenievich Lancere were involved. Nivinsky painted the apartment of the owners, and Lancer is the halls of receptions. The paintings of the ceilings are stylization under the style of revival. Painted artists for raw plaster. The murals of the house are a copy of the famous works of Pinturikkio, Tintoretto, Titian, Julio Romano and styling for a renaissance painting.
In the blue hall - a luxurious caissonated ceiling, decorated with stucco and painting, on the perimeter frieze with bas-reliefs - these are gilded dancing pads. Now this room belongs to the library.
The small hall of the receptions is located on the corner of the Spiridonovka and the Great Patriarchal Lane. Now it contains the reading room of the library.
There is already a complete feeling of the Italian palace. The ceiling is also caissious. In this room, his cell-cassette large, nine them. They are filled with frescoes of Evgeny Lancer on the theme "Persene's exploits." Under the ceiling there is a fresco frieze with Atlants, which, as it were, keep this ceiling. On the same frieze, under scenes from myths, signatures are visible to Latin.
Central Picture: "Perseom - Hero of Ancient Greek Mythology, Son Zeus and Danai, gets from Hermes Helmet"
In this room there is a beautiful chandelier.
Perseus and Andromeda. 
Perseus wins Medusa Gorgon.
On the frieze below there is a signature on Latin "Medusa with snake hair of Perseus wins." Please note the mighty Atlanta hold the ceiling and the "heavy curtain", there is also the theater effect. It is no coincidence, because the author of the frescoes Evgeny Lancer worked a lot like a theater artist.
Dana. Signature on the frieze: "Damn from the rain of golden hooked."
Perseus and Atlant, holding a heavenly arch on his shoulders. Signature on the frieze at the bottom "So the mountains of Atlas appeared."
Zeus - Father Persea
Dana - Persea's mother.
Perseus himself.
From the Small Hall we get into a large reception room. Nowadays it is used to hold collections of the Institute. He became so at a time when this house occupied the court, and before that it was divided into two rooms, the boundary of which is clearly visible (the protrusion of the wall).
In the first part in the deep cells of the caisson ceilings - frescoes with muses and girls with musical instruments. In the same way, the frieze is painted around the ceiling perimeter. Perhaps there was to have a musical salon.
In the long part of the room there was a parade dining room. On both sides of the fireplace there are doors. In one of them, new dishes were made, endured to another.
Here is one of the three fireplaces at home. All of them existing, the staff of the institute use them. Fireplaces are made of artificial stone.
Around the perimeter is a very wide frieze with paintings in the art of Griezail, creating the effect of bulk bas-reliefs. On the vertical parts of the ceiling beams have many smallest paintings. This is the work of students of the Stroganovsky school, so all the pictures are unique and not repeated. These are not bulky bas-reliefs and not a mosaic, it's all paintings.
The front staircase is made of an artificial stone with such a strength that the steps do not be abrase for more than 100 years. As they say, the steps of the stairs have such a height that it can be running for a long time and not to get tired.
Attracts the attention of the Mosaic Panno "Liberated Africa" \u200b\u200blocated above the staircase, which appeared at the Institute in the 1980s. With the decoration of the mansion it does not fit, but in itself very unusual and is also a monument to his time.
We again pay all attention to the ceiling, it also caissonated wooden, very spectacular. Here alternate black and gold images of eagles and oak branches on a black and gold background.
For some reason, in some descriptions, you can read: "Eagles on the ceiling appeared at the time when the building occupied the Polish embassy." In fact, it is not. Eagle on the coat of arms of Poland is not black, but white, but no oak in the emblem in Poland at all. Here is the time to remember the oaks who have met already on the frieze in the blue hall. Oak was one of the symbols of Tarasov, meaning the power of the owner of the house, and the eagle is a symbol of power. However, the main argument - the photographs made before the revolution, on which we already see such a ceiling.
At the end of the story it is worth showing the front staircase of the residential part. Hall of the lower floor has a vaulted ceiling, the whole painted by Nivinsky. There is a combination of mosaic imitation and bulk painting.
I managed to see the premises that the library occupies. However, in the mansion there are many other excellent decorations. In some, the leadership of the institute is sitting, while others are rented tenants, and they are not so easy to see them. But even something that managed to see is impressive.
Publication prepared: Vasily P. Photo by.
May 18 - day of historical and cultural heritage. Today the doors of old mansions open, and us, thanks to the project "Exit to the City", managed to look at Gabriel Aslanovich Tarasov.
A chic mansion, built based on the famous Italian Palazzo architect I.V. Zholtovsky, undoubtedly decorates Spiridonovka Street and gives her a special charm.
And before walking inside the house a small story about the Tarasov family. Tarasov were an Armenian family from Armavir. Initially, the surname sounded like Tarasyan, but later Russified, and they all became Tarasov. The founder of the dynasty is Aslan Tarasov, which engaged in business in the south of Russia. His Son, Gabriel Aslanovich Tarasov, became the owner of Ekaterinodar large manufactory. The main wealth was brought by car trading, then the activity profile expanded.
Tarasov moved to Moscow from Ekaterinodar and in 1902 bought a plot of land on Spiridonovka from the Armenian family of Kharatyanov. In 1909, Architect I.V. Zholtovsky and his assistant - Engineer A. N. Ageenko - began building a mansion. The interior decoration turned out to be much more interesting than the laconic, even the gloomy facade. The richest decoration in rooms located along a large patriarchal alley. This part was intended for living by G.A. Tarasov and his family. He did not survive until the end of construction - died in 1911, the mansion of his sons was completed. The Moscow city government estimated the possession into a huge, unbearable amount for them, which was necessary to pay for entry into the inheritance. Sons tried to reduce the cost of this building, wrote statements in the board, but they could not do this. In 1917, the sons of Gabriel Aslanovich left Russia.
Now the only branch of Tarasov lives in France. One of his descendants entered the world culture under the name of Henri True, the French writer, the winner of the Honorovskaya Prize and a member of the French Academy.
The descendants of Tarasova in this house are not, and the memory of their once famous surname lives in the proud inscription on the facade of Latin "Gabriels Tarassof Fecit Anno Domini" (Gabriel Tarasov built a year a year).
After the revolution and until 1937, the building held the Supreme Court of the USSR, then, before the Great Patriotic War, the mansion was transferred to diplomatic services. For some time, the German Embassy was located here, then Poland. The Institute of Africa received this building in 1979 and takes so far.
And now you can go through the mansion.
No wonder this building is called the Italian palace, there is in it and the courtyard is a characteristic feature of the real Palazzo.
In the center it is located a fountain and garden sculptures, around which lilac flowers and a plum garden. When they appeared exactly not known, most likely, during the time of embassies.
At the site of these huge windows there were travel arches with a big patriarch alley. Above the arches were terraces connecting two parts of the house. Since it was difficult to exploit open drives in our climate, they were laid, and now there is a library. Terraces were also closed.
The library has vaulted ceilings, a column of an ionic order, as well as a large street lamp ...
and ... Golden Key! Previously, they opened the front door, and now lock the library.
From the library (and if the times of Tarasova, from the entrance of the travel arch), we get to the hall. Attention attracts a huge mirror, which reflects most of the room, which increases the space.
The design of walls with white pilasters is concise. And the more contrast looks like a ceiling, painted under a tree, limited around the perimeter with a dark blue frieze with a floral ornament.
The chandelier is also a work of art that cannot be ignored.
We go to the "Blue Hall". Raise the eye on the ceiling and ..
Only for the sake of this kind could come here! Luxurious caissonated ceiling, decorated with stucco and painting, along the frieze of which cute poutti dance.
From the blue hall there is a passage to the halls of the receptions, which is now closed with a closet. We returned to the hall and already from it got through the big first in the small hall of the reception engaged in the reading room. The ceiling in it is painted by the myths of ancient Greece and tells about the birth of Persea and its exploits. Under scenes from the myths are visible inscriptions in Latin.
Murder Jellyfish Gorgon.
Meeting with Atlanta.
Perseus and Andromeda
Having in love with magnificent paintings, go to a large reception room used for the meeting of the institute. He became so at a time when this house occupied the court, and before that it was divided into two rooms, the boundary of which is clearly visible (the protrusion of the wall).
In the first part of the ceilings are painted with muses and girls with musical instruments. Most likely, there was a rest room.
There was a dining room in the far part of the room. On both sides of the fireplace there are doors. In one of them, new dishes were made, to another - endured.
The ceiling here is also caissonated, decorated with wood and many smallest paintings. It was the work of students of the Stroganovsky School, so all the pictures are unique and not repeated.
In this hall is one of three fireplaces, and the acting.
From the halls for the receptions we step on the first parade staircase. She has low steps, and, according to the institution, an employee of the institute, it can be running without fatigue all day! The staircase is made of an artificial stone with such a strength that the steps are not abrained for more than 100 years.
On the ceiling repetitive images of eagles and oak branches.
Mosaic panel - the gift of the African People Institute.
On the second floor in the lobby, columns from artificial marble are preserved. The drawing on the marble is as characteristic of the marble of the Italian deposit.
The second fireplace in the mansion has been preserved here.
Through the second front staircase, we get into the living part of the house. On the vaulted ceiling depicted the main elements: air, earth, fire.
The ceiling of the hall in front of the residential part is artfully imitates the mosaic, but this is a skillful painting.
In the residential halls, the walls are also simply simply, and on the ceilings are richly painted by such recognized masters as Ignatiy Ignatievich Nivinsky and Yevgeny Evgenievich Lancere. The Tarasov family was known as theatrians, and maybe therefore they ordered painting to theatrical artists.
A copy of the Picture of Tintoretto "The Birth of the Milky Way" decorates one of the rooms.
In the last room, we are waiting for the third fireplace. In addition to him and a luxurious ceiling in it, nothing native has been preserved, all furniture from new tenants.
This is over our journey to Moscow Italy, in the Renaissance Epoch.
Materials used:
What secrets of the riddles keep the spiridonka - one of the oldest streets of Moscow? Is it true that this place has a special energy? And what famous personalities have become a victim of spiridonovka? Read about it in the documentary investigation of the Moscow Trust TV channel.
Sensation suicide
In the fall of 1910, the Sensational News flew in Moscow: a millionaire, a polyssen, the owner of one of the exquisite Moscow mansions on Spiridonovka, Lovelace and Handsome Nikolai Tarasov committed suicide. The first metropolitan fiance was only 28 years old. Moscow newspapers wrote: "In the morning, at 10 o'clock, the servants heard the roar and noise from the bedroom of Mr. Tarasov, and hurried there. Her eyes presented a terrible picture: on the bed in a puddle of the blood, Tarasov lay and hard moaning. Immediately it was sent by the doctor who had to state death. The deceased no notes left. "
What pushed a young millionaire to the last draw? Why did he clicked on the trigger? How is the death of Tarasova and his generic estate on Spiridonovka? And what other mysters hides this ancient Moscow street?
On the mysterious suicide of Nikolai Tarasova, the entire metropolitan bond was shown. This is understandable, the young millionaire was called the Balna fate. He possessed not only a huge fortune, but also a wonderful taste, and was considered one of the legislators of the Moscow Fashion.
House Tarasova, 1914. Photo: Um.mos.ru.
"Young Tarasov was a typical Moscow Dandy, a representative of" Golden Youth "of that time, he had all the same - one of the fastest first cars in Moscow, the best perfume, which he himself prepared in Paris and which existed only in one copy" - explains Moscow Alexander Mishin.
Literally on the eve of suicide, fate presented Nicholas Tarasov a generous gift - he inherited one of the most luxurious mansions in Moscow on Spiridonovka.
"It was very expensive, the costly building. The architect of the project was the wonderful Russian master Ivan Vladislavovich Zholtovsky, who never changed his biggest love in this life - the style of classicism, neoclassicism," says Mishin.
The house on Spiridonovka resembles the palace, and it is not by chance. Ivan Zoltovsky during the construction of the mansion focused on the creation of the famous Italian master Andrea Palladio - Palazzo Tien, built in the city of Vicenza in the XVI century. Interior decoration to become an Italian castle. Facing the first floor imitates granite, the second is marble.
The ceilings of the front rooms are covered with frescoes - these are copies of the well-known works of Italian artists: Pinturikkio, Tintoretto, Titian and Julio Romano. And I ordered this "fairy tale of the old times", as the mansion was called in the Moscow Architectural World Yearbook for 1912, Gabriel Tarasov, Uncle of the famous suicide.
"This building belonged to the rich Armenian family of Tarasyanov, which came from the city of Armavir, traded cotton. They move to Moscow and decide to perpetuate the construction of such a generic nest," says
However, the mansion on the spiridonovka never became a trivial estate of Tarasov. Moreover, none of the representatives of the dynasty lived in this house not the day.
"There is an understanding or feeling that the owner of this building is always very bad. Gabriel Tarasyan, he is Tarasov, never lived in this building. Finished the construction already when he died, but it was the most innocent and the least sad, probably , part of the story. Literally a year later, the life of his suicide is herself, "says Deputy Director of the Institute of Africa Rounds Leonid Fituni.
The death of Nikolai Tarasova gave rise to a lot of woven. Evil languages \u200b\u200brumored that a young millionaire committed suicide from boredom, that is, from a pure decadence, so fashionable in those years.
"This satiety, that is, a very early worniness of life made Tarasov behave in a similar way," Alexander Mishin believes.
However, some experts who studied the story of the famous family and the place where the tragedy unfolded, lean to another version.
"This area in Moscow has traditionally been called goat swamps. He, like any swamp, was a place with negative energy," says Leonid Fituni.
However, this area was brought by a gibe place for a short time. In 1627, the only temple dedicated to St. Spiridon trimifuntsky in Moscow was built on the goat swamp. The church immediately became very popular, and the name of the Spiridonovka was fixed behind the street. At the beginning of the XVII century, Patriarch Hermogen decided to build a residence here. The swamp was dried, leaving three ponds, which in the people immediately called the patriarchs.
"Patriarchal Sloboda, indeed, belonged to the Russian patriarchs, the vegetables were grown here, they grown black goats, whose fur was wonderful - whatever you can do," says Mishin.
Explosive courtyard
In 1930, the Church of St. Spiridon was dismantled, and here the other structure of that era was lucky. At the corner of the Spiridonovka and a grenade alley to this day, the chambers of a grenade court are placed - one of the most interesting monuments of the Moscow Dopererovsk architecture.
"This is an industrial enterprise that made the explosive device, which was called a grenade. And the province of Granada Spanish, the fruit of garnet and grenade as an explosive device in its old, initial version - these are all single words. The first garnet options were really similar if cut, On the fruit of a pomegranate, where the role of seeds was performed by a piece of lead. And when the shell exploded by igniting the wick, inserted from above into open space, it had a very strong amazing character, "says Alexander Mishin.
Grenade courtyard
Explosive products that a grenade yard produced, eventually played a sparkling, but a very evil joke.
"In 1711, the grenade yard flew into the air, a strong fire began, which, unfortunately, were characteristic of Moscow of that time. As contemporaries are written, 200 yards burned down. And then the grenade courtyard has been translated into the outskirts of Moscow," explains Mishin.
For a long time it was believed that nothing left of the grenade court, but over time, the construction was restored, mainly by the forces of the design bureau who rented a dilapidated building about 15 years ago.
"This is the XVII century, and this is proven, in this house, firstly, they really found genuine samples of the XVII century samples," says Tatyana Rogova's design school.
When clearing the researchers, another no less interesting discovery was waiting. It turned out that the grenade yard is associated with underground communications with another district of Moscow.
"We have a small pavilion on the territory of our garden, from where gas comes to the grave of an unknown soldier, that is, the eternal flame is under our futile control," says Rogov.
By the beginning of the XIX century, Moscow expands, and the once swampy suburbs becomes one of the central regions of the capital.
"In the second half of the XIX century, many students lived here. The fact is that the housing here was quite cheap, bad, but students just fit. And this area of \u200b\u200bthe Patriarch ponds was called the" Moscow Latin Quarter "by analogy with Paris," says Mishin.
An unequal marriage of Morozovaya
By the end of the XIX century, Spiridonovka is already one of the most prestigious streets of Moscow, a kind of ruble of that time. Luxury mansions are built here. Representatives of many famous Moscow surnames - Ryabushinsky, Belyaev, Morozov.
Savva Morozov
"It is often possible in the literature to meet his name - the mansion of Zinaida Morozova. I think that any woman at all times would like to have such a wedding gift, which Savva Timofeevich Morozov presented with his wife Zinaide Grigorievna," says Alexander Mishin.
The marriage of Savva and Zinaida Morozov preceded the grand scandal.
"The fact is that in the old-suppluous environment, the divorce was equal to the crime of the worst sewing. And besides the fact that Zinaida Grigorievna divorced, in order to marry himself with Savoy Timofeevich, he also led her from his own cousin. And Father Zinaide Grigorievna said:" Daughter, I would better have seen you in the coffin than with such circumstances, "explains Mishin.
Nevertheless, the wedding took place. And here, in the Aristocratic Area of \u200b\u200bMoscow, on Spiridonovka, on the project of architect Fedor Shechor, the construction of a mansion began, which will later call one of the pearls of Russian modern.
"The finish was three more than a year, and I would say that it was a house of receptions of the family of frost. From the young, twenty with a small years, girls began to make a secular lioness, she urgently hired teachers to make them from diamond to a diamond. But, as they say, When a person is learned too quickly and persistently, it turns out that it can be seen. Maxim Gorky wrote that the personal quarters of Zinaida Grigorievna with an abundance of porcelain products reminded the store of porcelain dishes, "Mishin says.
Secular Rauts in incredibly luxurious interiors were only one side of the life of Zinaida Morozova, external. In the soul, black resentment on her husband was copied. For her back, all Moscow courtesy of his new hobby. Entrepreneur and patrons have ever more often seen in the company of the first beautiful Russian scene of Maria Andreva. This love relationship is considered one of the causes of Savva Morozov's death.
"When Savva Morozov wanted to make workers co-owners, that is, the shareholders of the enterprise, his strong, the domineering mother said:" Only through my corpse. "And he was announced insane. And people believed it, because in the family of frost, unfortunately, spiritual ailments. They were rooted. He and his wife Zinaida Grigorievna leaves south to Cannes, and in May 1905, with not very clear circumstances, there was no suicide. But there is a version that it was adjusted by the Bolsheviks, because a few months before death, he insured his life in a few months. Good actress Andreva, "says Alexander Mishin.
With a mansion of Zinaida Morozova, another legend of spiridonovka is connected. It was rumored that the widow of the patron was literally in every corridor, the ghost of the late spouse was crossed.
Morozova mansion. Photo: Um.mos.ru.
"As you know, in the United Kingdom - Great Britain - the price of locks always increases, if there is their ghost. I think that Russian people, oddly enough, are more rational. Yes, she got rid of this place that the memory of the first spouse went to the past. "," Mishin says.
Like Sava Morozov, Millionaire Nikolai Tarasov was also a big fan of the theater. His name became known in the artistic circles of Moscow after a generous gift, which he presented to the leaders of Mkat.
"The fact is that Nikolai Lazarevich Tarasov paid special attention to the artistic theater. Once even even money, Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko, when they were on tour in Germany," says Alexander Mishin.
Tarasov donated to the famous directors of 30 thousand rubles, at the time, a considerable amount. The gift was accepted, and a generous donor made a shareholder of the theater. As a result, not only touring, but also the reputation of MCATA was saved. From this point on, Nikolay Tarasov became one of the main sponsors of the theater. And together with the business partner and other Nikita Baliyev, the new business began with MCAT - opened a cabaret called the "bat", in which the famous mhatal cabbagers were arranged. When the first time came down in the dungeon, the bat was darted towards the bat. So the name arose. However, the young millionaire was fond of not only the scene and spectacles, but also actresses and had the glory of the staff of the capital.
"His big love was a young talented actress, Nemirovich-Danchenko, Olenka Gribova," says Mishin.
Roman Tarasova and Mushroomova was rapid and hopeless. Soon, the beauty of the other fan, which turned out to be a desperate gambler and once cleared the stateless money.
"And this business person turned to Olenka Mushroom, will she not be able to take the necessary amount of money from Tarasov. Naturally, Tarasov did not help her, so to speak, a competitor for the heart of the actress," says Alexander Mishin.
No one then suggested that this one would seem to be a small unpleasant incident will cost Tarasov's life.
Top of Russian modern
Inna Andreeva on Spiridonovka is daily. Today, on this street, her way to work, Alexei Tolstoy Museum, and in his youth, it was just a favorite place for walking.
"Almost the street Spiridonovka begins with the temple of a big ascension. I go out of my gate and immediately see this temple. And the fact that Pushkin was married in this temple with Natalia Goncharova, it means a lot to me. Then my favorite shechor begins. Russian Modern - this Something that, in my opinion, is simply not amenable to all sorts of epithets, "says A. Tolstoy Inna Andreeva, director of the Museum-Apartment.
Another remarkable creation of Fedor Shechor is a mansion of a representative of the richest Moscow dynasty Stepan Ryabushinsky. The magnificent building of the era of mature modern, built at the very beginning of the twentieth century, is adjacent to the church of the Great Ascension.
Mansion Ryabushinsky. Photo: ITAR-TASS
Alexander Mishin (Moscow): For any architect, the solution to build a house, participate in the construction project, which is on the corner, is always an exam. So, with my task, the Shechtel coped completely immaculately. The fact is that he had to find the volume of buildings for the mansion of Ryabushinsky, which would relate to the volume of the Church of the Great Ascension. And these two volumes, almost equal in size, do not interfere with each other, they complement each other and even harmonize.
The construction of the mansion of Ryabushinsky was completed in 1902. This work of Fyodor Shechor has become a real sensation. Against the background of the wooden buildings of the spiridonovka of that time, he looked just fantastic.
"The house was divided into two half: Nizhny, the first floor was busy with the owner of the house, and on the second floor there was a wife and children in the second floor. And the peculiar border is marked with a shechor in the inner appearance, the interiors of this house: if you get into the dining room mansion, then you see the outer on the ceiling , that is, as if we are under water; and the second floor and those ceramic tiled flowers that we see on the external facades, it is already the Earth; and it's all together amazing, the only one in its kind staircase - "Wave", "says Alexander Mishin.
The mansion was surprised by contemporaries not only with decoration, but also with its technical equipment. The first air conditioning system was laid in the house. Dishes from the kitchen in the living room delivered an elevator. At the same time, the spacious two-storey house was designed for one family.
"Stepan Pavlovich Ryabushinsky, by the way, he was 26 years old at the time when he could afford to build this house, was on the formation of an archaeological scientist, besides the fact that they had a hereditary case - cotton production. It was talented, Formed, high-dimensional people. These were entrepreneurs, people of a new class, "says the guide of the museum-apartment A. M. Gorky Julia Bolchovetinova.
There is a mansion and its own special secret room - an old-procurement chapel, located in the attic of the northwestern part of the house. Walls and dome covers a unique abstract temple painting.
"Old Believement was banned before the Declaration of Nicholas II, until April 1905. Decree-Manifest was about the equation of all religious denominations, and the house was built before. Therefore, the chapel is secret, the secret, it is not visible from one side. Ryabushinsky rose there as At least twice a day, "says Bolchovitinova.
Writing Club
October 1917 I crippled the fate of not one family. Ryabushinsky, leaving the thriving business, emigrated to Europe, and the luxurious manor on the spiridonovka passed into the ownership of the city.
"There was a state publishing house, there was a visa and passport department, Vasily Stalin came here as a pupil, when a kindergarten for government children was here. There was a psychoanalytic center with a kindergarten, a laboratory. And there was also a society for cultural relations with foreign countries. "," explains Julia Bolhovitinova.
In 1931, the mansion appeared a new owner - Maxim Gorky. He was still reflected, whether to leave him the beautiful island of Capri, and rumors had already crawled from Moscow - the palace is preparing for Gorky. The proletarian writer gone to Russia angry deposits: "The question of the universe is my palaces not to decide before my arrival." The former mansion of Ryabushinsky Palace, of course, was not, but did not like the bitter anyway.
"He said like this:" Great, grandiose, not to smile at what. "But then I said that it is possible to work. The fact is that this mansion was considered bourgeois, meshchansky. This was the attitude towards this beautiful style - Modern style. Nevertheless , the garden around the house, and the fact that at the time in the flague, when the writer lived, there were editorial board of newspapers, all this allowed him to stay here, "says Bolchovitinova.
In this house, the writer often received guests, sometimes up to 100 people a day. The mansion turned into a kind of writer club. In 1931, Gorky here visited Bernard Shaw, and four years later - Romain Rollan. However, on this stairs, not only celebrities were rising, but also ordinary people who brought the living classic gifts.
"For example, a collective farmers came from Tataria, and they really brought an interesting gift. They brought him a living cow. The fact is that the writer was sick. He was ill with tuberculosis, and the pair milk was necessary for improving his health. Of course, bitter He was very touched by this gift, but the fate of the cow is known - she was sent to the most anniversary of the kindergarten, "says Julia Bolchovitinova.
In the mansion on Spiridonovka Maxim Gorky lived last five years of life. Stepan Ryabushinsky, the first owner of the mansion, he did not know, but with other representatives of the famous dynasty, the fate was reduced.
"It happened that Uritsky was killed in Petrograd, and Dmitry Pavlovich Ryabushinsky, one of the brothers Ryabushinsky, who spent a month in the CC. And only thanks to Gorky's trouble was released. Then he went abroad," - Says Bolchovitinova.
Gorky was familiar with the youngest son of a notable family - Nikolai Pavlovich Ryabushinsky, who at the beginning of the twentieth century published in Moscow the popular literary magazine "Golden Runo". However, Nikolai Ryabushinsky was known not only to the success of the editorial field, but also thanks to numerous novels. The secret passion he fell to the actress Olga Mushroom, the beloved Nikolai Tarasova.
Olenka Gribova itself (so gentlely called the actress fans) was passionately in love with Juncker Nikolai Zhuravleva. It for him she tried to take money from the former lover of Tarasov. After receiving the refusal, the loser Zhuravlev shot himself. Following the beloved, I tried to commit suicide and fungis.
"Having come from his funeral, she shoots the deer of fungi, but she didn't know how to shoot, she lived for three more days. And in October 1910, Muscovites from newspapers learn about the drama, which, can be said, in their eyes, unfolded in connection with love Triangle, "says Alexander Mishin.
But why did the scores with the life of Nikolai Tarasov? It is known that by the time of this double suicide, he has already cooled to mushroom and, moreover, was carried away by another actress - ascending star Mkhat Alice Koonen.
The death of a millionaire excited the imagination of the alternates, generating new and new versions. Moreover, this tragedy was another strange circumstance.
"Ironically, again, again, when the janitor came on the shot, it turned out that the coffin was already standing in the apartment. Whether Nikolai Tarasov ordered this coffin, whether the girlfriend was girlfriend Mushroom, hinting on what he is worthy of", - Persons Mishin.
The coffin was taken to a big dmitrovka - there was an apartment Nicholas. He has not moved to the mansion on Spiridonovka, as the sons of Gabriel Tarasova fought for the rights of inheritance.
"The heirs tried to enter into rights, but it turns out, already at that time it was not so simple. Local municipal authorities considered that from the heirs of the Caucasian host of this building, you can take more money for entering into the right of inheritance, which is supposed. It was delayed, and the heirs in legal rights did not entered. And then the revolution, "explains Leonid Fituni.
Prayers of the Holy Spiridonia
After the revolution, Mansion Tarasova, like the rest of the estate on the spiridonovka, was nationalized. At first, the USSR Supreme Court was located here, and after 1937 - the Embassy of Poland. Since 1941, Spiridonovka Street itself has been renamed. She began to wear the name of the writer Alexei Tolstoy, who settled in the Flygel mansion Stepan Ryabushinsky.
"The fact is that he had, as he believed, a rather modest requirement for his dwelling is two big rooms. One thing - in order to work, the other - in order to eat and receive guests. And it turned out so that this is the apartment, but suggested to see Timosh, so the name of Gorky, Nadezhda Alekseevna Peshkov, he looked, here was the most perfect ruin, but he understood that if something to fool something, to correct something, they would be The most demanded two large rooms, "explains Inna Andreeva.
The writer really was needed to work a large room. Four written tables stood in its office. This was a prerequisite for creativity.
Museum-apartment A.N. Tolstoy. Photo: ITAR-TASS
"This principle of four tables cabinet iron has completely. He wrote always standing, then passed to the table with a typewriter, reprinting, because he physically could not rule his text written by the hand. He said that" the writer's hand leads someone over And what is written by me, then ingenious, and the correction is not subject to ". Therefore, reprinting the text, he passed to the round table near the fireplace, he climbed one of his favorite tubes and then the text had already ruled, imagining that it was a manuscript page, Sented by someone from young writers, "says Andreev.
With the heroes of their own works, Alexei Tolstoy was also a special relationship.
"After all, the legends are already running about this that Alexei Tolstoy, especially when writing Petra First, was so burned with her heroes, and especially with Peter Great, which argued that heroes came to him in the office, that is, he hallucinated heroes, he Each of these heroes attached his voice, his voice timbre and so on, "says Inna Andreeva.
Often because of the doors of the writer's office came women, male and even children's voices. Alexey Tolstoy perfectly imitated someone else's speech and was a master of the drawing.
"Sometimes very badly played friends by phone, calling by voice or Mikoyana, or Stalin. Imagine what reactions were at that end of the wire," says Andreev.
Alexei Tolstoy, an apartment on Spiridonovka, also considered the place of particular related to the legend of his ancient kind.
"Once the general Prasrath of all thick, Peter Andreevich Tolstoy, sitting in a seven castle in Turkey, was preparing for hanging. He was supposed to execute the next morning, and so he prayed to his holy spiridonia all night so that he saved him. And so happened in every diplomatic Negotiations, it was still freed, and since that time all the fat began to consider this spiridonia by the patron of the genus Tolstoy, "explains Inna Andreeva.
Alexey Tolstoy died in 1945, but the street has long wore his name for a long time. The historical name was returned only in 1994.
Ghost Marshal-Range
Not only the Spiridon's herself, but also the streets adjacent to it and the alley are of great interest to historians, including because in this area there lived an all-master Minister of Internal Affairs and State Security of the Soviet Union of Lawrence Beria.
Lavrenty Beria. Photo: ITAR-TASS
"Not far from the spiridonovka, at the corner of the ascent alley and Malaya Nikitskaya, there is a representative urban mansion of the beginning of the twentieth century, the mansion of the Bakakin engineer. But the most famous resident of this magnificent mansion was, of course, Marshal of Lawrence Pavlovich Beria. This is his residence he occupied since 1943 "Before the arrest in 1953," says Alexander Mishin.
In this house there were constantly several dozen bodyguard security officers. However, it is known that nearby in the spiridonev lane was another building, where the guards also carried the watch. Two buildings connected a specially laid underground stroke.
"Lavrenty Pavlovich knew perfectly well as his colleagues in the Central Committee of the Party, on the Politburo, and it was from what to protect himself. And those who thought to arrest him and destroy, understood that they were trying to arrest him in this building - an empty number", - Mishin says.
Lavrenty Beria is perhaps the most sinister character of Soviet political history. The initiator and inspirer of mass repression, according to some historians, was very not indifferent to the female floor. And the rim also considered him a rapist and just a sexy maniac. However, this point is separated not all.
"Regarding this house, there are big legends that he and the basement had, in which the dice was grinding the unfortunate women, and that there was a bath with hydrochloric acid, in which he dissolved all raped women. Not there was nothing. Beria's wife There was a Georgian very strict morals. It is necessary to understand very well what a Georgian woman mentality is. I am a Caucasian, I understand it well. And she would not allow the leg of an outsider to step on the square of her house. In this life it would not happen , "historian Arsen Martirosyan believes.
Lavrenty Beria was arrested on June 26, 1953 in the Kremlin and five months later by the court sentence shot. But after death, his last residence remains a place of action of the most terrible urban legends.
"And since then, for more than 60 years, the spirit of Beria has been invisible over this house. They tell the stories that the black car drives up at night, the doors open, the person in Pensna and the form goes out, sits in the car, leaves," - says Alexander Mishin.
A few years after the death of Beria, the Embassy of the Republic of Tunisia was located in the mansion. Over the past 60 years, his employees of the Ghost of Laurentia Pavlovich have never met here.
"What are you! This is the most ordinary building. Perfume about which people say, the game of imagination or some optical illusions. We have not seen anything like that," says the Ambassador of the Tunisian Republic in the Russian Federation Ali Gutali.
Poetic battles and "open club"
Inna Andreeva, director of the Alexei Tolstoy Museum, can talk for hours about Spiridonovka, because here is literally every home has his own amazing story.
So, on Spiridonovka, another love drama was almost blinking. Alexander Blok, having filled his spouse to Andrei White, called a colleague on the workshop on a duel. In the situation in time the guilt of the conflict of the love of Mendeleev intervened. And only thanks to her efforts managed to calm temperamental friends.
Spiridonovka and today entails artists and poets. Almost every evening they gather in a small club near the Museum of Alexei Tolstoy.
Profitable house brothers Armenian
"Club here is called" open ", and he really is open in every sense, that is, it is open for any person from the street and is open to any topics and discussions, if only they had some kind of culture, at least indirectly, attitude "," explains the director of the gallery "Open Club" Vadim Ginzburg.
In small exhibitions and literary evenings, the main competitor is trying to defeat the main competitor in the struggle for the viewer - television.
"Television wins. The series win. Sometimes you call, you say:" Here is the poet evening, come, "-" You know, I have now turned on my favorite movie. "-" Well, buy a disc. "-" Well, buy a disk I look, "Ginzburg complains.
However, there are in the "open club" in the evening when the apple has nowhere to fall. Here are always looking forward to meetings with representatives of the old school: writers, directors, journalists.
"The oldest theater, for example, Russian Boris Mikhailovich Poyurovsky, here he was recently 80 years old, there were serious distinguished. This is a man who came up with the Television" Theatrical Meetings ", for many years they were led. What he tells here, it is impossible To hear anywhere, "says Vadim Ginzburg.
Literally 500 meters from the "Open Club" at the other end of the Spiridonovka, too, amazing and not too familiar events for Moscow. The melodies of the ancient tribes and drawings in the style of Tinka Tinka. Today, in the old mansion of Tarasov, the Institute of Africa of the Russian Academy of Sciences is located. The study of the culture of the "black" continent of modern interiors does not interfere, even on the contrary, contribute.
"Very beautiful ceilings. They have survived all over the building. Not everywhere, but there are very beautiful fragments. Venetian mirror. Women and in the past, and in this age, they are glad to look at this mirror when entering the institute," says the scientist Secretary of the Institute of Africa RAS Marina Amvrosova.
Employees of the Institute are recognized: the mansion requires intently follow himself. Here you want to keep your back straight.
"External impact, especially for women, it is always important. In such interiors, it seems to be in a breakdown form," says Amevrosov.
Of course, Africa is the main point of the application forces of the Institute staff, but also the domestic history is not alien to them. Everyone who finds himself in an old mansion on Spiridonovka for the first time, will certainly hear the story about the tragic destiny of the owners of this building.
In this ill-fated day in October 1910, Nikolay Tarasov was in the terrible arrangement of the Spirit. The newspapers were reported: his former beloved, the actress Olga Gribova after a failed suicide attempt for the third day balancing on the verge of life and death. Nikolai did not find a place.
How could he refuse her, so beautiful and vulnerable, in the fortune-welfare - in the money? How could it go to petty, pride and disgusting jealousy? Tarasov understood: all theatrical Moscow blames only his drama. When the terrible news came about the death of a mushroom, the young millionaire has already decided. He covered the blanket so that the neighbors did not hear, and fired himself into the temple.
The entire spyridonum from the boulevard to the garden ring can be passed a slowed down in 10 minutes. But for a careful pedestrian, every step in its sidewalks is opening. Here even a century later, it is quite not a comparative fragrance of passion. So it is not to be surprised that the experts of the Moscow Starny have long been dying the area between the spiridonovka and the small Nikitskaya "love triangle", the place where the fate was peaked and the hearts were broken.