2016-11-04
Sharpening cutters - hard work requiring special training and equipment. Geometry cutting edges has a curvilinear structure - this is what main feature process. The grinding wheel must follow exactly the contour of the cutter's sharp teeth in order to maintain its shaped profile.
- The backed teeth are sharpened along the front surface.
- Sharply protruding teeth are processed along the back wall.
- Slitting and cutting cutters are sharpened on the front and back sides.
How to sharpen cutters?
You can sharpen manually or with a grinder for milling cutters.
Rice. one .
The machine provides synchronization different types movement and fixation of the cutter. For example, in order to sharpen an end mill, it is necessary to combine translational and rotational movements, while maintaining a uniform pressing force of the tool against the grinding wheel. Great importance has a rotation speed, abrasive grain size, its material.
- Electrocorundum abrasive wheels are suitable for sharpening milling cutters for metal and wood (the material of manufacture is high-speed or tool steel of the “Standard” class).
- Elborovy (CBN) circles sharpen cutters from high-speed steel of increased productivity.
- Diamond (PCD) and silicon carbide wheels are used to sharpen the teeth of carbide cutters.
It is important to take into account that strong heating reduces the hardness of abrasives and leads to a partial loss of cutting properties. Below is a table of thermal stability of the main materials used for the production of abrasive wheels.
Rice. 2.
To cool the grinding tool during operation, water alone will not be enough - the machine will rust. Masters advise adding soap and soda ash, nitrite, sodium silicate, etc. to the water. - electrolytes create a protective film on the surface of the grinding wheel.
There are over 20 grinding wheel configurations for sharpening milling tools. The rear planes of the incisors are ground with disk-shaped or cup-shaped circles, the front ones - with flat or disk-shaped ones.
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Automated sharpening modes
It is impossible to sharpen carbide tools in "hard" modes of operation of the machine - chipping of the edge of the teeth is possible.
The average circumferential speed of a grinding wheel for processing hard alloys should not exceed 10 - 18 m / s. This means that for a circle d 125 mm, 2700 rpm is the maximum rate of engine rotation. For more soft materials it is enough not to cross the threshold of 1500 rpm.
Milling cutter sharpening technology on the machine
The cutter is fixed in its original position, then the machine is turned on and the tool is slowly brought to the grinding wheel (until it sparkles). There comes the moment of setting the thickness of the removed metal layer, usually not higher than 50 microns and not less than 25 microns.
Sharpening is done on each tooth separately. The needle of the machine must constantly be in contact with the surface of the cutter, start sharpening by placing the needle in the tail groove of the tooth. The loan turns on the machine and, gradually retracting the spindle with the cutter, perform the procedure.
The skill of a professional lies in maintaining a uniform sharpening course on all cutting edges. The same movements will need to be repeated several times for each tooth.
Different types of cutters require different movements.
How to sharpen a cutter by hand?
A shaped end mill for sticky materials (wood) can be sharpened by hand without resorting to expensive equipment. You will need:
- work table and plank in steel or hardwood;
- diamond bar;
- abrasive wheel;
- solvent;
- water with soap or alkali;
- sandpaper.
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The diamond bar is fixed on the edge of the table, moistened soapy water. The cutter must be freed from the bearing (if any), cleaned from the remnants of wood resin. The size of the front angle of sharpening varies in the range:
- 10 - 20 ⁰ for wood cutters;
- - 5 - 0⁰ for tools for metals (mainly for steels).
The range of the sharpening angle of the back surface is wide and not limited by the indicators.
Sharpening is done with smooth movements on a diamond bar.
It is necessary to try to make the same number of movements of the cutter along the bar with the same pressing force. As the cutting edges sharpen, the graininess of the abrasive decreases, the final stage of processing can be done with sandpaper.
The result of sharpening is evaluated visually using a magnifying glass or kerosene. The teeth should not contain even small notches and cracks. To detect microcracks, the surface of the cutting edge is moistened with kerosene - kerosene will show through more in the area of the crack. Notches and micro-cleavages are determined by eye or through a magnifying glass.
If you succeed with proper quality, and you know how to carefully use the tool, then the need for sharpening comes much later than in cases with low-grade products. Big choice high-quality cutters (about 20 types) are always available in the Rinkom store. It is convenient to choose and order tools of the widest profile on the Internet, today it is not dangerous and modern.
AT contemporary diversity services on the building materials market, it is easy to find help in sharpening milling cutters.
But don't rush this work you can do it yourself. This is typical not only for work on sharpening cutters, but also for other types of work.
The standard milling cutter sharpening machine has two chucks different configuration. One of them for three spade cutters, and the second for two and four spade cutters. It is difficult to make a mistake in this case, since if the number of cutter feathers is incorrectly set, it is not possible to insert the cutter into the cartridge.
Having decided on the choice of cartridge, you can proceed to the direct stages of sharpening cutters:
- sharpening on a ribbon;
- edge sharpening.
Ribbon sharpening
One of the appropriate cup sockets must be used. From standard set collets we select the corresponding collet in size (8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm).
We put the collet into the chuck and fix it with a clamping nut. This procedure is done without any effort, the clamping nut rotates freely and does not need to be tightened.
- In the nest of the glass, we set the length of the tape to be sharpened. As a rule, this distance is adjusted by unscrewing the screws located in the cup socket. By moving the bottom of the socket up or down, select the length, and then fix the screws back.
- We install the cutter in the chuck through the upper hole, while setting the diameter of the cutter and the sharpening angle on the adjusting screw in advance. We fix the prepared cartridge in a glass, while correctly setting the lines of the cutter in relation to the element to be sharpened. That is, with its grooves, the cutter should cling to the pin.
- Then we turn on the machine and with the feed regulator we bring the cutter to the grinding wheel until the sound of contact begins and we sharpen the cutter's ribbon from all sides. Removal of metal from the cutter being sharpened can be reduced and increased using the regulators installed on the machine. This adjustment necessary when changing the diameter of the cutter and correcting existing irregularities on the machined cutter.
Edge cutter sharpening
To sharpen the cutter on the end, you must use the second socket for the cartridge located on the machine.
In this case, you need to do the steps described earlier to set the diameter and length.
- Depending on the hardness of the metal being processed, the settings on the socket are set. How harder metal, the more the socket ring turns towards the “+” sign.
- Next, turn on the machine, insert the prepared cartridge with the cutter into the socket and process the part until the characteristic noise stops. Each groove of the cutter is machined.
- In the additional socket of the machine, the cutter is sharpened from the end, for which the above steps are performed.
- The last operation - processing rear wall cutter, which is produced by inserting a chuck with a cutter into the corresponding socket of the machine.
- Thus, the cutter was sharpened in compliance with all the required geometric features separately and in relation to each other. Sharpening is uniform on all sides.
Do-it-yourself cutter sharpening
This procedure can be performed by yourself and use improvised means.
Such an opportunity will save money, and in case of repeated use, it will save valuable time.
- First, we clean the cutter from soot, for which we use a special liquid, similar to those used to clean car engines. It is necessary to fill the cutter and wait about three minutes, then clean the cutter from all sides with a brush.
- Next, we take a diamond bar and begin to sharpen the cutter along the leading edge (the movement of the cutter channel along the diamond bar).
- The bar is wetted plain water. After sharpening, wipe the cutter with a cloth.
Quality manual sharpening significantly different from sharpening using a special machine, but in manual version saves time.
domestic and foreign manufacturers hundreds of types and thousands of standard sizes of various cutters are produced, which are classified according to technological features and design features.
Sharpening is carried out on specialized and universal machines for sharpening cutters, less often by hand.
cutter material
Used to make cutters various materials: carbon and alloy tool steels, high-speed tool steels, hard alloys, mineral ceramics, elbors, diamonds.From tool steels, grades U7A, U8A, U9A, KhG, KhV5, 9KhS, KhVG, etc. are used.
High-speed tool steel, used for the manufacture of milling cutters, is divided into steel of normal productivity (P6M5, P9, P12, P18, etc.) and increased. The latter category includes steel alloyed with cobalt, vanadium, tungsten and molybdenum (R6M3, R18F2K5, R9F2K10, R9F2K5, etc.).
The carbides used to make cutter teeth are produced in the form of plates. standard sizes and forms attached to the cutter body brazing(for example, with PSR-40 silver solder) or using threaded connections(prefabricated cutters). They consist of tungsten, titanium and tantalum carbides bonded with cobalt. Cutters made of tungsten-cobalt alloys (VK2, VK3, VK6, VK6M, VK8, etc.) are used for processing cast iron, non-ferrous metals, and non-metallic materials. Titanium-tungsten-cobalt alloys (T5K10, T15K6, T14K8, T30K4, etc.) are less strong than alloys of the VK type, but they have higher wear resistance when machining parts made of various kinds become. Three-carbide alloys, consisting of tungsten, tantalum, titanium and cobalt carbides (TT7K12, etc.), are also mainly used for steel processing.
If the cutter has soldered platinum cutters, this does not mean that they are made of hard alloy. They, for example, can be made of high speed steel.
According to the design of the teeth, cutters with pointed (sharp-sharpened) and backed teeth are distinguished. For pointed teeth, the part of the rear surface of width f, adjacent to the cutting edge, is a plane. Pointed teeth are sharpened on the back surface. Although, if necessary, they can be sharpened along the front surface of the tooth.
The geometry of the teeth of the cutter: a - sharpened tooth, b - backed tooth
At the backed teeth, which are equipped with shaped cutters, the back surface is made along the Archimedean spiral. Since the processing of the shaped surface is very difficult technologically, the sharpening of milling cutters with backed teeth is carried out along the front surface.
Regardless of how many teeth there are on the cutter, each of them can be considered as a separate cutter, characterized by parameters that are standard for any cutter - front (γ) and back (α) angles, the size of the ground to be ground (f), the angle of inclination of the teeth (λ) .
Site f represents the part of the back surface of the tooth, which is subjected to grinding when sharpening along the back surface. On this surface, the main wear of the teeth occurs, its size affects the magnitude of the friction force between the cutter and the workpiece, so it must be maintained within a certain range.
Main rake angle γ- the angle between the tangent to the front surface and the axial plane. It is measured in a plane that passes through this point perpendicular to the main cutting edge.
Relief angle α- the angle between the tangent to the back surface at the considered point of the main cutting edge and the tangent to the circle of rotation of this point. The function of the angle α is to reduce the friction between the cutter and the workpiece.
Auxiliary relief angle α 1 characterizes the increased clearance between the treated surface and the body of the tooth. The need for sharpening cutters along the auxiliary angle arises at a certain amount of cutter wear and an increase in area f. Its purpose is to reduce friction between the tooth and the workpiece. Not all cutters have this angle.
Depending on the shape and direction of the cutting edge, the teeth can be straight or helical. The inclination of the teeth of the cutter is characterized by angle λ between the developed helical edge and the axis of the cutter.
The values of the angles depend on the type of cutter, the grade of alloy or steel from which it is made, and the type of material for which it is intended.
When processing viscous materials, the main rake angle is selected in the range of 10-20° or more. For carbide cutters for steel machining, it is close to zero or even negative. The back angle can also vary widely.
Shaped end mills can be sharpened without a special tool for sharpening cutters, along the front surface, with a thin diamond stone. The bar either lies on the edge of the table, or, if the cutter has a deep recess, it is fixed as shown in the photo below. The cutter is driven along a fixed bar.
During the sharpening process, the bar is wetted with clean or soapy water. After sharpening, it is washed and dried.
As the front surface is ground down, the edge will sharpen, and the diameter of the cutter will decrease slightly.
If the cutter has a guide bearing, it must first be removed (if possible) and only then sharpened. An attempt to save a minute will end with a ruined bearing and a damaged cutter. You also need to clean the cutter from the remnants of wood resin using a solvent.
As when sharpening any other tool, you need to use whetstones of different grain sizes, depending on the thickness of the material to be removed and the required surface cleanliness. Before sharpening, you need to make sure that the bar has the correct shape.
When sharpening each cutter, to maintain symmetry, you need to try to make the same number of sharpening movements and with the same pressure.
If the material of the cutters of the cutter is soft enough, instead of a bar, you can use abrasive paper glued to flat surface(rail from solid wood or a strip of steel).
End mills for wood can also be sharpened to grinder with a low speed of rotation of the circle, using an appropriate abrasive wheel.
Sharpening wheels
Depending on the material from which the cutters are made, they can be sharpened with white or normal electrocorundum wheels, CBN wheels, green silicon carbide wheels or diamond wheels (PCD). For example, electrocorundum wheels can provide high-quality sharpening of cutters for wood or metal made only from tool or high-speed steel of normal productivity, while CBN can sharpen cutters from high-speed steel of increased productivity, diamond wheels and green silicon carbide wheels - hard cutters alloys.When using abrasive wheels (especially diamond wheels), it is desirable to cool them with coolant.
One of the significant disadvantages of diamond is the relatively low temperature stability - at a temperature of about 900°C, the diamond burns out.
With increasing temperature, the microhardness of abrasive materials decreases. Increasing the temperature to 1000°C reduces the microhardness by almost 2-2.5 times compared to the microhardness at room temperature. An increase in temperature to 1300°C causes a decrease in the hardness of abrasive materials by almost 4-6 times.
The use of water for cooling can lead to rust on machine parts and assemblies. To eliminate corrosion, soap and certain electrolytes (sodium carbonate, soda ash, trisodium phosphate, sodium nitrite, sodium silicate, etc.) are added to water, which form protective films. In normal grinding, soap and soda solutions are most often used, and in fine grinding, low-concentration emulsions are used.
To increase the productivity of grinding with abrasive wheels and reduce specific wear, you should choose the largest grit that provides the required class of surface finish of the tool being sharpened.
To select the grit size of the abrasive, in accordance with the stage of sharpening, you can use the table in the article about sharpening bars.
The circumferential speed of the circle when sharpening carbide teeth should be about 10-18 m / s. This means that when using a wheel with a diameter of 125 mm, the engine speed should be about 1500-2700 rpm. Sharpening of more brittle alloys is carried out at a lower speed from this range. When sharpening carbide tools, the use of hard modes leads to the formation of increased stresses and cracks, and sometimes to chipping of the cutting edges, while wheel wear increases.
The shape of the circle for sharpening the rear corner of the teeth on a cylindrical surface is cup (CC or CHK) or dish-shaped (1T, 2T, 3T), the front angle is dish-shaped or flat.
Cutter sharpening machine
Considering the most difficult cases - spiral teeth, the machine for sharpening cutters must provide rotational and translational movement of the cutter being sharpened. The figure below shows the machine for sharpening end mills E-90 DAREX.
The essence of sharpening the end mill is that when it moves longitudinally relative to the circle, it simultaneously rotates around its axis in a synchronized manner. Due to this, the edge to be sharpened is always in contact with the wheel at the same height (the same sharpening angle is provided). Synchronization of translational and rotational movements is achieved using a copier needle resting against a cavity on the front surface of the tooth. By pressing the tooth to be sharpened to the needle and smoothly shifting the cutter in the axial direction, the operator sharpens the tooth for its entire length in one motion.
Sharpening side teeth. In a simplified form, the sharpening of helical teeth looks like this. The cutter is installed in the collet.
The copier needle is set to a position where it is in its highest position and its tip touches the outer edge of the end mill groove.
The cutter is set to its original (extended) position, in which the needle is located near the shank, resting against the groove of the tooth.
The grinding wheel is moved with the side shift knob to a position where its outer edge coincides with the needle.
The motor is turned on, and the straight feed handle is slowly brought to the cutter until sparking begins. After that, using the feed scale, the thickness of the removed metal is set (usually 25-50 microns).
Sharpening a tooth to its full length is done by retracting the spindle with the cutter until the latter comes off the needle. In this case, you need to ensure that the cutter is constantly in contact with the needle. This ensures the rotation of the cutter, which is necessary for the edge to be sharpened to be in contact with the circle at the same relative position.
To ensure the cleanliness of processing, the cutter pass is repeated one more time without changing the thickness of the metal being removed. This completes the processing of one tooth, and a similar operation is repeated for all other teeth. In order for all teeth to be sharpened the same, do not change the thickness of the metal to be removed, which was initially set using the direct feed handle.
By changing the position of the needle so that its tip rests against different points on the groove of the tooth (on the edge or in the middle, for example), it is possible to change the values of the angle α and α 1 .
End teeth sharpening. To sharpen end teeth, the end mill must be set in a position in which the tooth to be sharpened would be located strictly horizontally. The E-90 sharpening system is equipped with a graduated ring that makes it easy and simple to set the face teeth horizontally. If a cutter sharpening machine is used that is not equipped with a similar mechanism, you can set the horizontalness of the teeth using a square.
Sharpening a horizontally set tooth is done by moving the edge of the grinding wheel along the edge of the tooth. The angle of sharpening is adjusted by shifting the circle vertically or by tilting the spindle with the cutter (if possible).
Sharpening quality control
After sharpening, the cutter must be inspected. Visually with the naked eye or with a magnifying glass, the presence of chips, scratches, cracks is checked, with the help of instruments - the beating of the teeth, the values of the angles, the roughness of the surfaces.Permissible deviations of the front and back angle of sharpening of all cutters is ± 1 °. Angles can be measured with a special goniometer 2URI or a pendulum goniometer.
For standard cutters, the radial runout of two adjacent (σcm) and two opposite (σpr) teeth, as well as the end runout, is regulated. Valid values radial and end runout of cutter teeth are shown in the table below (for cutters that do not have end teeth, the allowable runout of the supporting ends is indicated).
The quality of sharpening or finishing is checked by external inspection with a magnifying glass. The cutting edges of the milling cutters must be free of burrs and gouges.
If there are notches on the surface of the tooth, then the protrusions will crumble during the operation of the cutter, and it will become dull very quickly. It is necessary to strive to ensure that the surface of the tooth is very smooth.
The presence of cracks on the hard alloy plates is determined using a magnifying glass, wetting the plates with kerosene. In this case, if there are cracks, kerosene comes out.
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Cutter sharpening operations maintain the technical and physical characteristics of the parts, thereby extending their working life. There are many approaches to the implementation of such activities, the choice among which is determined by the nature of the operation and the design of the element. The intensity of cutter wear largely depends on its design, based on which the master selects maintenance modes.
For example, the selection of a method for regrinding high-speed parts is guided by the wear of the front surface. On the other hand, sharpening cutters on the back surface is more suitable for shaped elements. Therefore, it is important to take into account as many operational factors as possible, which will allow you to make the right choice of processing technology.
Types of cutters
Such elements are widely used in the processing of parts on copying, molding and tenoning, milling and other machines. As a rule, this is woodworking equipment, although there are also parts for working with metal blanks. Cutters differ in size, shape and purpose.
In general, two categories of elements are distinguished - end and mounted. The former are distinguished by the presence of a shank, which is fixed in a special niche of the spindle. Products of the second group have a central hole, which allows them to be mounted on the working spindle and securely fixed. Accordingly, such sharpening of cutters differs more high level quality, not to mention the ease of handling parts for the operator. Attached elements can be composite, solid and prefabricated.
A feature of this group is the possibility of forming cutting tool from several milling parts. It is also worth noting the category of end mills, which can be prefabricated and solid. The elements are also divided according to the quality of the backed processing. So, sharpening of cutters with relief surfaces is carried out along the front edge in order to maintain the basic angular indicators.
Mill maintenance
Despite the use of high-strength alloys in the manufacture of milling cutters, a long operating time leads to abrasion and deformation of the edges. Over time, worn elements are disposed of, but before the expiration of the working life, the master can restore the characteristics of the part using measures Maintenance. It is important to bear in mind that sharpening cutters allows not only to endow them with the same geometry, providing quality work. This procedure also increases the life of the element, reducing tool consumption. But this does not mean that any cutter can be restored in this way.
Technologists do not recommend bringing the tool to a state of complete wear. Manufacturers of cutters indicate in the markings technical and operational values that are limiting for a particular element, and after overcoming them, the cutting edges cannot be restored.
sharpening process
To perform sharpening, special milling machines, equipped with spindles with an average speed of up to 24,000 rpm. Before starting work on them, the master balances the cutters. It can be done in two ways - dynamic and static. In the first case, the procedure is performed on a special machine, which not only balances the force, but also the moment acting on the cutter during rotation. This technique is especially relevant for cases when the cutter is sharpened for metal.
Machine tools for balancing according to the static method involve only balancing the force acting on the cutter. The element is fixed in the frame, after which it is balanced through a device consisting of two horizontal guide knives. Directly sharpening is carried out on special high-precision equipment.
The machines are available in various configurations, both manual and automatic. Common to all units of this type is the presence of a working surface on the guides. This design solution makes it possible to achieve high accuracy in moving the element, as a rule, with an error of 0.005 mm.
equipment requirements
To ensure high-quality sharpening of cutters, you should not only use the equipment suitable for this task, but also properly prepare it. First of all, the equipment spindles must have sufficient vibration resistance, rotate freely and have minimal runout. Further, the feed mechanism must work stably in all directions provided for by the design without delays and with minimal gaps. The elevation angle settings are of great importance - this parameter should also contain high accuracy. For example, sharpening a worm cutter, which is performed on automatic machines, involves setting both a certain angle of elevation and a helical groove pitch. If they are used grinding wheels, then it is important to ensure a secure fit of the interchangeable washers and spindles, due to which the working element is precisely fitted.
End Mill Machining
The processing of end elements is most often done manually on universal grinding equipment. Typically, this technique is used to update the performance of a helical tooth tool. In many ways, sharpening end mills resembles a similar update. cylindrical cutters through the cup circle. This applies to operations that require the end mill to be centered. seat. Also, similar sharpening is performed on semi-automatic models. In this case, end mills with a diameter of 14 to 50 mm can be serviced. In this case, the processing is suitable for both the back and the front surface.
End mill sharpening
Milling cutters made of as well as some elements equipped with carbide plates are sharpened in assembled form. The main back surface of the face mill is sharpened with a grinding cup wheel. Before performing the same operation on the plane of the secondary rear side, the element is first set in such a way that its cutting edge is in a horizontal position. After that, the axis of the cutter rotates horizontally and at the same time tilts in a vertical plane. In contrast to the scheme, according to which end mills are sharpened, in this case, the position of the workpiece is changed several times. Work with the front surface of the tooth can be carried out by the end part of the grinding disc wheel or by the disk wheel from the peripheral side.
Working with disc cutters
On the rear main surface, the processing of disk elements is carried out by a cup circle. The auxiliary back surface is made by analogy with end mills, that is, by turning the cutting edges horizontally. At the same time, the features of processing the end teeth of such a tool are noted. In this case sharpening disc cutters is performed along the front surface so that the processed teeth are directed upwards. The cutter itself at this moment should occupy a vertical position. The angle of inclination of the element axis along the vertical must correspond to the position of the main cutting edge.
Features of sharpening cutters for wood
End shaped parts are sharpened without special devices, as a rule, with the help of a thin diamond bar. This element either lies on the edge of the desktop, or, if the cutter has a deep recess, it is fixed additional tool. The cutter is inserted along a fixed bar. During processing, the bar is periodically wetted with water. When the procedure is completed, the master thoroughly washes and dries the product. As the front surfaces are ground down, the edge becomes sharper, but the diameter of the tool will decrease. If the cutter has a guide bearing, it must be removed first and then the operation can be continued. The fact is that sharpening a cutter on a tree along with a ruined bearing can lead to damage to the element. It is also necessary to clean the tool from the remnants of wood resins with a special solvent.
Features of sharpening cutters for metal
Such elements are less common and at the same time require less effort in preparation. Processing is done using grinding wheels suitable grit. In this case, the materials can be different, in particular, the use of parts made of ordinary or white electrocorundum is also common. If you plan to sharpen end mills for metal, made from tool steel, then it is recommended to choose electrocorundum discs. For products with more high performance it is desirable to use elbor circles. The most productive and efficient sharpening parts are made of silicon carbide. They are used to service cutters made of hard alloys. Before work, the abrasive is cooled, since high temperature loads during the operation can adversely affect the structure of the circle.
Processing of relief milling cutters
Resurfaced elements are used in cases where it is required to increase the stability of the cutting part and reduce surface roughness. The teeth of a relief cutter are machined along the front surface in such a way that after regrinding in a radial section, the profile of the functional edge retains its original parameters until the part is fully exploited. Sharpening of such cutters is also carried out in compliance with a strictly established rake angle. In the case of processing sharp-edged elements, it is necessary to maintain a constant pointing angle.
Finishing cutters
In essence, this is an operation designed to correct the result obtained during the main sharpening process. As a rule, fine-tuning is carried out in order to ensure optimal performance roughness or in cases where you need to adjust the angle of sharpening of the cutter with working edges. The techniques of abrasive and diamond finishing are quite common. In the first case, the use of fine-grained silicon carbide wheels is assumed, and in the second case, diamond discs on a bakelite bond are supposed to be used. Both techniques make it possible to handle, among other things, carbide tools.
Sharpening quality control
During the verification process, the master evaluates the geometric parameters of the cutting surfaces for compliance technical requirements. In particular, the runout of the cutter is determined, as well as the degree of roughness of the finished or sharpened planes. Auxiliary devices can be used in the control of parameters directly at the workplace. For example, if an end mill was sharpened to wood material, then the specialist can measure the angles along the working faces. For this, a goniometer is used, in which the scale is presented in the form of an arc. Special ones are also used to evaluate other parameters, again, most of them are focused on checking the geometric data of the cutter.
Conclusion
The need for machining the cutting tool remains even in the age of high technology. The only change in this regard has been with the milling equipment control systems. Appeared automatic devices, allowing to optimize the process of handling blanks. However, milling cutters, bits and other processing metal elements are still performed using abrasives. Of course, there are alternative technologies, allowing to restore the geometry of parts, but there is no need to talk about their wide distribution yet. This applies to laser technologies, hydrodynamic machines, as well as installations that have a thermal effect. At this stage of their development, for economic reasons, many enterprises still prefer traditional methods sharpening.